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• Mutt and msmtp interoperability

  - by illusionoflife

  I am working on configuring /mutt/ to send mail via /msmtp/. Strangely, if I user /msmtp/ from shell, all okay, that means, that .msmtprc is correct. However, mail sent with mutt do not come. I have this line in .muttrc. set sendmail="msmtp" How can I debug this problem? EDIT: I found, that if I send just text, like msmtp 'my-email' <<< "Hello", it works. But if I send fully builded email-header, it do not. Is it gmail politics or what?

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• How to associate the ".exe" extension to be opened with Mono?

  - by wuser

  I want to asssociate the .exe file extension to Mono (don't care about wine). Apparently, when using Finder's GUI, only .app files (application bundles) can be selected. But the Mono executable (/Libraries/Frameworks/Mono.Framework/Current/bin/mono) is no such bundle. I tried some AppleScript on run this_file do shell script "mono this_file &" end run but Finder's GUI still doesn't allow to associate that with .exe's. How to associate a specific file extension to a command-line application in Mac OS X?

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• Cygwin/Git Bizarre Terminal Issue

  - by emptyset

  Alright, this is weird. First off, this is mintty running on up-to-date cygwin, with git pulled from cygwin's setup.exe. I am running zsh. $ git clone https://<user>@<domain>/<repository>/ ~/src/project/dev Initialized empty Git repository in /cygdrive/c/src/project/dev/.git/ Password: <actual password in plain text appears> # Nothing happens... ^C $ <password text that I just typed> zsh: command not found: <same password text> What is going on here? Is this a terminal problem, a shell problem, a git problem, or a cygwin problem? Update: Yes, I'm running the Cygwin git version, not the Windows version: $ which git /usr/bin/git $ git --version git version 1.7.1 $ /cygdrive/c/Program\ Files\ \(x86\)/Git/bin/git.exe --version git version 1.7.0.2.msysgit.0

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• svn diff including annotate/blame-alike information of when changes where made by who

  - by Wouter Coekaerts

  Can you add annotate/blame-alike information to svn diff, so that for every changed line it includes which user and revision changed that line? For example, an annotate-diff comparing revisions 8-10 could output something like: 9 user1 - some line that user1 deleted in revision 9 10 user2 + some line that user2 added in revision 10 The context, lines around it which haven't changed, may be included as well or not, doesn't matter. It's not just a matter of "quickly" writing a shell script combining the output of svn diff and svn annotate. annotate for example will never show you who removed a line. It's also not a matter of doing annotate on a revision in the past: We're not interested in who originally added the line that got removed (that's not the one who "caused" the diff), we want to know who removed it. I suspect the only way to implement something to do this is to inspect each and every commit between the two revisions being compared (and somehow map all the changes in the separate diffs to lines in the total diff)... Does there exist a tool that does something like that?

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• Understanding the Linux boot process, subsystem initialization, & udev rules?

  - by quack quixote

  I'm creating UDEV rules for automounting external drives on a headless server, much in the same way as Gnome-VFS does automounting during a user session. I'm concerned with the rule's behavior at boot-time. There's a good chance one of these drives will be connected during a boot, and I'd prefer any connected drives get mounted in the right place. The drives might be either USB or Firewire, and they are mounted from a shell script fired off by UDEV on detecting an "add". Here are my questions: When UDEV runs the mount for these devices at boot, will the system be ready to mount it? Or will the script get triggered too early? If it's too early, what's a good way for a script to tell that the system isn't ready yet (so sleep a while before checking again)? The UDEV rule matches ACTION=="add". Does this event even fire at system boot?

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• Load Balancer recommendations

  - by delerious010

  I provide hosting service for about 250 clients to date, and this is increasing on a monthly basis. For each client, I have 2 "services" configured for L4 balancing / persistence .. one on port 80, another for port 443 which redirects to another internal port as well as 4 servers per service. This equates to a total of 500 "services" and 2000 "servers". I'm currently running with a couple CoyotePoint load balancers, and have had a look at some Barracudas but so far I'm really not impressed by those. Could anyone recommend some good load balancers which would be able to support this sort of load ? And which offer a good API, or shell access to automate management.

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• Added user to CentOS, Updated sshd_config with AllowUsers, Login denied

  - by Gregg

  CentOS 5.3. I can SSH into the system as root just fine. Added a user and set their password. They have shell access (/bin/bash). I can su to the account from root just fine. I updated /etc/ssh/sshd_config with: AllowUsers myNewUser And restarted sshd: /etc/init.d/sshd restart When trying to ssh into the server with the new user, I get a permission denied. And yes, I've double and triple checked that I am using the correct password. Any help is appreciated.

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• SVN: Error validating server certificate for svn hook linux

  - by Dr Casper Black

  Hi, I managed to setup a SVN (over SSL) server and TortoiseSVN client on Win. I made a Post-Commit Hook for test project. The Post-Commit will update the web dir so the App in PHP can be executed with the newest version. It all works when done over shell. The only problem is, when i commit the changes over the client in Win the change is commited but HOOK throws error post-commit hook failed (exit code 1) with output: Error validating server certificate for 'https://SERVER_IP:443': - The certificate is not issued by a trusted authority. Use the fingerprint to validate the certificate manually! - The certificate hostname does not match. Certificate information: - Hostname: DEVSRVR - Valid: from Fri, 28 Jan 2011 09:22:45 GMT until Sat, 28 Jan 2012 09:22:45 GMT - Issuer: PHP, SS, SS, SRB - Fingerprint: 5f:d0:50:d6:dd:a6:d4:64:a5:ac:3a:4b:7c:7d:33:e3:75:dd:23:9f (R)eject, accept (t)emporarily or accept (p)ermanently? svn: OPTIONS of 'https://SERVER_IP/svn/myproject/trunk': Server certificate verification failed: certificate issued for a different hostname, issuer is not trusted (https://SERVER_IP)

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• Using physical disk with VMware Workstation

  - by chx

  I am using VMware Workstation 9.0 under Windows 7 and trying to load my Linux from Physicaldisk0. And it boots, grub sees the two partitions on the disk (I checked in command line) and the kernel and the initrd loads and then it stops saying "device not found"and drops me into an emergency shell. Indeed there is absolutely nothing in /dev not the /sda device it expects not /hda nothing that looks like a disk. Edit: I can boot the Linux disk just fine if I boot it from BIOS and not as a VM. Edit2: The question is, how can I make this setup work?

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• Installing PHP-GTK with PHP 5.3 on OS X

  - by Shabbyrobe

  I'm having trouble getting php-gtk installed with php 5.3 on os x. I'm currently using macports to do it and when I try to install php-gtk, it spews 'duplicate static' errors: Error: Target org.macports.build returned: shell command " cd "/opt/local/var/macports/build/_opt_local_var_macports_sources_rsync.macports.org_release_ports_php_php5-gtk/work/php-gtk-2.0.1" && /usr/bin/make -j2 all " returned error 2 Command output: ext/gtk+/gen_pango.c:2951: error: duplicate 'static' ext/gtk+/gen_pango.c:2957: error: duplicate 'static' ext/gtk+/gen_pango.c:3097: error: duplicate 'static' ext/gtk+/gen_pango.c:3103: error: duplicate 'static' Is there a way to coerce it into building, or an alternative way to install it?

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• Is it possible to use SELinux MCS permissions with Samba?

  - by Yuri

  Created a user1: adduser --shell /sbin/nologin --no-create-home user1 passwd user1 smbpasswd -a user1 smbpasswd -e user1 semanage login -a -s "unconfined_u" -r "s0-s0:c0" user1 Added a category c0 for the folder ./123 inside the Samba share chcat s0:c0 /share/123/ After that the user1 can't go into this folder: type=AVC msg=audit(1332693158.129:48): avc: denied { read } for pid=1122 comm="smbd" name="123" dev=sda1 ino=786438 scontext=system_u:system_r:smbd_t:s0 tcontext=unconfined_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0:c0 tclass=dir But if remove the c0 category: restorecon -v /share/123/ user1 opens folder with no problem. Is I'm doing something wrong or Samba doesn't support SELinux MCS? Have installed on CentOS 6.2 are: samba3.i686 3.6.3-44.el6 @sernet-samba selinux-policy.noarch 3.7.19-126.el6_2.10 @updates selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 3.7.19-126.el6_2.10 @updates

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• Sane(r) way to get character-encoding of CLI?

  - by danyowdee

  Hi all! I was writing a CLI-Tool for Mac OS X (10.5+) that has to deal with command-line arguments which are very likely to contain non-ASCII characters. For further processing, I convert these arguments using +[NSString stringWithCString:encoding:]. My problem is, that I couldn't find good information on how to determine the character-encoding used by the shell in which said cli-tool is running in. What I came up with as a solution is the following: NSDictionary *environment = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] environment]; NSString *ianaName = [[environment objectForKey:@"LANG"] pathExtension]; NSStringEncoding encoding = CFStringConvertEncodingToNSStringEncoding( CFStringConvertIANACharSetNameToEncoding( (CFStringRef)ianaName ) ); NSString *someArgument = [NSString stringWithCString:argv[someIndex] encoding:encoding]; I find that a little crude, however -- which makes me think that I missed out something obvious...but what? Is there a saner/cleaner way of achieving essentially the same? Thanks in advance D

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• How can I allow a linux subversion user to only execute svnserve?

  - by sbleon

  I've got a user that I'd like to only be able to use subversion. We like to use svn+ssh:// URLs sometimes (for public keys and whatnot), so I need them to be able to connect over ssh and run only the svnserve command. When using a svn+ssh URL, svn ssh'es in and passes the arguments "-c svnserve -t". I wrote a custom shell as follows to filter the commands that can be run. This works, but it's not passing the input to svnserve, so when I try to "svn up" I get "svn: Connection closed unexpectedly". #!/bin/bash if [ "$1" == "-c" ] && [ "$2" == "svnserve" ] && [ "$3" == "-t" ] && [ "$4" == ""] ; then exec svnserve -t else echo "Access denied. User may only run svnserve." fi

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• How can I get vim to set an ACL on its swap files?

  - by thsutton

  I use vim on an OS X Snow Leopard Server machine. A number of the directories I work in have ACLs (so that various groups of users can access them over AFP) that are inherited. For some reason, when I'm working in one of these directories, vim cannot read it's own swap files. It can create them fine but can't read them which, for some reason, makes it display the "swap file already exists" message (and no, the swap file does not already exist). vim -r lists the newly created swap file as "[cannot be read]". The owner and group are correct and the permissions are 0600, and the ACLs on the swap file and the file I'm editing are identical (as disclosed by ls -le and compared with diff). groups returns the same thing whether invoked from my login shell or via :! in vim. Has anyone encountered (and hopefully resolved) a problem like this before?

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• username and password for rsync in script

  - by sims

  I'm creating a cron job to keep two dirs in sync. I'm using rsync. I'm running an rsync daemon. I read the manual and it says: RSYNC_PASSWORD Setting RSYNC_PASSWORD to the required password allows you to run authenticated rsync connections to an rsync daemon without user intervention. Note that this does not supply a password to a shell transport such as ssh. USER or LOGNAME The USER or LOGNAME environment variables are used to determine the default username sent to an rsync daemon. If neither is set, the username defaults to 'nobody' I have something like: #!/bin/bash USER=name RSYNC_PASSWORD=pass DEST="server::module" /usr/bin/rsync -rltvvv . $DEST I also tried exporting (dangerous, I know) USER and RSYNC_PASSWORD. I also tried with LOGNAME. Nothing works. Am I doing this correctly?

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• How do I open a pdf file with PDF X-Change Viewer so that I can still modify the pdf source?

  - by ltcomdata

  Whenever I open a pdf file with PDF X-Change Viewer it locks up the source pdf file to edits. Is there a way to open the pdf (with PDF X-Change Viewer) so that it doesn't lock-up the source file --- perhaps as a shell command with an option? The background: I use LaTeX to edit my pdf files, and preview the result with PDF X-Change Viewer. I must first close PDF X-Change Viewer before I can preview any changes I make in the LaTeX source. It would be nice if PDF X-Change Viewer did not lock-up the pdf source so that I could modify it without first closing PDF X-Change Viewer.

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• chmod -R 777 /. - RHEL 5.5

  - by user1263746

  A shell script testing went bad and it issued chmod -R 777 /. to the system, instead of chmod -R 777 ./ and as expected it wiped the critical meta data. We have turned off the system and it will not function properly the next time it is turned on. I am told that rpm --setperms -a rpm --setugids -a should atleast fix the permission of the packages maintained by rpm. Is it worth doing? And is there any script available which will copy the permission from an identical system? To atleast get the box working. The Box is running RHEL5.5 Thanks!

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• Adding a trigger command to autocomplete function in zsh

  - by mkaito

  When you define an alias like alias g=git, the shell will pick it up and run the corresponding autocomplete function. Now, there's a program out there called hub, which is basically a supserset of git, with some added, github-specific functionality. The recommended way to use hub is to alias git=hub. Of course, this won't trigger the autocomplete function for git, which makes sense. Now, if I wanted to have git's autocomplete trigger for hub, the only way I know of is editing /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Unix/_git and adding hub in the first line as trigger. While this works, it isn't practical, since this file will get overwritten with the next zsh release. Assuming hub won't provide a zsh completion function any time soon, is there another way of adding hub to the trigger commands for git's autocomplete function?

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• How do I give MacPorts privileges?

  - by cojadate

  I tried to install PostgreSQL server development libraries using MacPorts and got the following: Warning: MacPorts running without privileges. You may be unable to complete certain actions (e.g. install). ---> Computing dependencies for postgresql-server-devel ---> Dependencies to be installed: postgresql-devel ---> Building postgresql-devel Error: Target org.macports.build returned: shell command failed Error: The following dependencies failed to build: postgresql-devel Error: Status 1 encountered during processing. To report a bug, see <http://guide.macports.org/#project.tickets> So I guess that means I need to running MacPorts with privileges and try again. Unfortunately I've no idea how to give MacPorts privileges. I'm running OS X 10.6.3

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• On Windows, what filename extensions denote an executable?

  - by Ken

  On Windows, *.exe, *.bat, *.cmd, and *.com all represent programs or shell scripts that can be run, simply by double-clicking them. Are there any other filename extensions that indicate a file is executable? EDIT: When I jump into a new project (or back into an old project!), one of the common things I want to do when looking around is to find out what tools there are. On Unix (which I've used for decades), there's an execute bit, so this is as simple as: find . -executable -type f I figured that on Windows, which seems to have a much more complex mechanism for "is this executable (and how do I execute it)", there would be a relatively small number of file name extensions which would serve roughly the same purpose. For my current project, *.exe *.bat *.cmd is almost certainly sufficient, but I figured I'd ask if there was an authoritative list.

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• pip install very slow through virtual box

  - by AJP

  pip install --exists-action=w -r requirements.txt is very very slow through virtual box. Any suggests of how to diagnose and fix? Would seeing the VagrantFile be useful? VirtualBox 4.2.12 (can't upgrade to .14 as it doesn't work.) Vagrant 1.0.7 Host machine: ProductName: Mac OS X ProductVersion: 10.7.5 BuildVersion: 11G63b VagrantFile contains: Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.box = "precise64" config.vm.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", 2048] config.vm.box_url = "http://files.vagrantup.com/precise64.box" config.vm.network :hostonly, "33.33.33.21" config.vm.forward_port 5000, 5000 config.vm.forward_port 5555, 5555 config.vm.share_folder "v-root", "/vagrant", "./" Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.provision :shell, :inline => "VENV=/usr/local/venv bash /vagrant/setup_env.sh" end end Normal download speed is only about 5 times slower at 0.8 Mb per second versus 4 MB per second (as judged by curling a 50 Mb file from S3). But pip install is taking about 20 times longer from Mac (i.e. about 40 minutes) versus 2.

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• How to make cygwin shortcut stick to Windows 7 dock

  - by Frank Krueger

  I have recently installed cygwin on a Windows 7 beta machine. Everything works great, except one little annoyance: The cygwin shortcut (Start-All Programs-cygwin-cygwin Bash Shell) cannot be pinned to the Start menu. My guess as to why is that I already have a "Console" window pinned to the start menu. My guess is that Windows sees that the two EXEs are the same and won't let me pin it. This would be fine except I cannot pin the window to the Dock either. While cygwin is running, WIndows interprets it as just a Command Window and won't let me pin it either. How do you pin the cygwin shortcut to the dock?

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• Windows FTP client to mirror ftp sites?

  - by user15318

  I need a Windows application that works like *nix's lftp. The Windows host will download the latest changes made to FTP Server #1, and upload those changes to FTP Server #2. Server #2 can't pull files directly from Server #1 because it's a www shared host with no shell account. The requirements are: 1. Windows app available for XP/Vista/W7 2. Must run either as icon or service. I don't want to have an extra icon open in the task bar 3. Reliable, so I don't have to worry about it. Is there an application you would recommend? Thank you.

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• Urgent SSH Local Port Redirection

  - by Salina Odelva

  Hi, everyone. I have a shell account but the admin has restricted ssh access to the server. The server is listening on 0.0.0.0:22 but the firewall blocks any incoming attempts to this port. He says he is doing maintenance but I don't believe him and I need to backup my stuff with ssh. My question is that: Is it possible to do this: Me (Wan IP) <- Hosting Server (tcp/8080) redirects to Hosting Server (tcp/22) I don't want to involve my own linux machine in this and I can only make use of ssh.. Thanks!!

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• In Linux, when I use the PS command, why do I see multiple lines for www-data?

  - by johnlai2004

  I have a LAMP server that uses ubuntu 9.10, apache2, mysql5 and php5. When I login as root through the shell, I run a "ps aux" command and see something like the following www-data 3151 0.1 4.3 220024 31032 ? S 12:22 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 3153 0.2 3.6 214776 26020 ? S 12:22 0:01 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 3162 0.3 5.1 225060 36920 ? S 12:26 0:01 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 3163 0.1 4.1 218872 29664 ? S 12:26 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start How come I see multiple lines for www-data? Does each line represent an actual user on my website? I run into memory issues at times, so I'm trying to determine if these www-data statistics are related.

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