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How do I Fix SQL Server error: Order by items must appear in the select list if Select distinct is s

- by Paula DiTallo 2007-2009 All Rights Reserved

There's more than one reason why you may receive this error, but the most common reason is that your order by statement column list doesn't correlate with the values specified in your column list when you happen to be using DISTINCT. This is usually easy to spot and resolve. A more obscure reason may be that you are using a function around one of the selected columns --but omitting to use the same function around the same selected column name in the order by statement. Here's an example: select distinct upper(columnA) from [evaluate].[testTable] order by columnA asc This statement will cause the "Order by items must appear in the select list if SELECT DISTINCT is specified." error to appear not because distinct was used, but because the order by statement did not utilize the upper() fundtion around colunnA. To correct this error, do this: select distinct upper(columnA) from [evaluate].[testTable] order by upper(columnA) asc

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Something confusing about Single Responsibility Principle

- by user1483278

1) In fact if two responsibilities are always expected to change at the same time you arguably should not separate them into different classes as this would lead, to quote Martin, to a "smell of Needless Complexity". The same is the case for responsibilities that never change - the behavior is invariant, and there is no need to split it. I assume even if non-related responsibilities are always expected to change for the same reason ( or if they never change ), we still shouldn't put them in the same class, since this would still violate high cohesion principle? 2) I've found two quite different definitions for SRP: Single Responsibility Principle says that a subsystem, module, class, or even a function, should not have more than one reason to change. and There should never be more than one reason for a class to change Doesn't the latter definition narrow SRP to a class level? If so, isn't first quote wrong by claiming that SRP can also be applied at subsystem, module and function levels? thank you

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What is the advantage of a programmers VM apart from portability

- by user619818

I can understand the benefits of Java running on a JVM. Portability. Nice simple reason. But I have always been puzzled as to why Microsoft brought out their own version of a JVM - .NET. C# is supposed to be a fine language (haven't used myself) but could Microsoft have launched product to use native. ie to generate an exe? My colleague is learning F#. The reason it has to be a language which runs on .NET is because the Microsoft Lync API which will be used is only available on .NET. ie there is no C API for Lync. A cynical view may be that the reason is vendor lockin. F# will only run on a Microsoft platform (or C# for that matter) and so program is locked in. But maybe I am missing some other benefit of a VM platform?

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Reasons why crontab does not work

- by Adam Matan

Many a time and oft, crontab scripts are not executed as expected. There are numerous reasons for that, for example: wrong crontab notation, permissions, environment variables and many more. This community wiki aims to aggregate the top reasons for crontab scripts not being executed as expected. Write each reason in a separate answer. Please include one reason per answer - details about why it's not executed - and fix(es) for that one reason. Please write only cron-specific issues, e.g. commands that execute as expected from the shell but execute erroneously by cron.

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Reasons why crontab does not work

- by Adam Matan

Many a time and oft, crontab scripts are not executed as expected. There are numerous reasons for that, for example: wrong crontab notation, permissions, environment variables and many more. This community wiki aims to aggregate the top reasons for crontab scripts not being executed as expected. Write each reason in a separate answer. Please include one reason per answer - details about why it's not executed - and fix(es) for that one reason. Please write only cron-specific issues, e.g. commands that execute as expected from the shell but execute erroneously by cron.

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Why can't my Wifi connect or disconnect?

- by tmy1018

Wifi connection might drop spontaneously or simply cannot connect. Users on Ubuntu 10.04 and 11.04 have reported experiencing the problem. Running dmesg would show: [210749.637705] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:23:89:48:3b:b0 by local choice (reason=3) [210778.632244] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:23:89:48:3b:b0 by local choice (reason=3) [210784.456359] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:23:89:82:75:70 by local choice (reason=3) which is pretty cryptic. I have tried: kill -9 wpa_supplicant, but wpa_supplicant keeps getting restarted each time. Also, some have suggested that this was caused by enabling power management. However, this might not be true, as the problem has presented itself in a situation where power management was disabled.

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String Formatting with concatenation or substitution

- by Davio

This is a question about preferences. Assume a programming language offers these two options to make a string with some variables: "Hello, my name is ". name ." and I'm ". age ." years old." StringFormat("Hello, my name is $0 and I'm $1 years old.", name, age) Which do you prefer and why? I have found myself using both without any clear reason to pick either. Considering micro-optimizations is not within the scope of this question. Localization has been mentioned as a reason to go with option #2 and I think it's a very valid reason and deserves to be mentioned here. However, would opinions differ based on aesthetic viewpoints?

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Why can't my Wifi cannot connect or disconnect?

- by tmy1018

Wifi connection might drop spontaneously or simply cannot connect. Users on Ubuntu 10.04 and 11.04 have reported experiencing the problem. Running dmesg would show: [210749.637705] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:23:89:48:3b:b0 by local choice (reason=3) [210778.632244] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:23:89:48:3b:b0 by local choice (reason=3) [210784.456359] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:23:89:82:75:70 by local choice (reason=3) which is pretty cryptic. I have tried: kill -9 wpa_supplicant, but wpa_supplicant keeps getting restarted each time. Also, some have suggested that this was caused by enabling power management. However, this might not be true, as the problem has presented itself in a situation where power management was disabled.

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Abstracting functionality

- by Ralf Westphal

Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/theArchitectsNapkin/archive/2014/08/22/abstracting-functionality.aspxWhat is more important than data? Functionality. Yes, I strongly believe we should switch to a functionality over data mindset in programming. Or actually switch back to it. Focus on functionality Functionality once was at the core of software development. Back when algorithms were the first thing you heard about in CS classes. Sure, data structures, too, were important - but always from the point of view of algorithms. (Niklaus Wirth gave one of his books the title “Algorithms + Data Structures” instead of “Data Structures + Algorithms” for a reason.) The reason for the focus on functionality? Firstly, because software was and is about doing stuff. Secondly because sufficient performance was hard to achieve, and only thirdly memory efficiency. But then hardware became more powerful. That gave rise to a new mindset: object orientation. And with it functionality was devalued. Data took over its place as the most important aspect. Now discussions revolved around structures motivated by data relationships. (John Beidler gave his book the title “Data Structures and Algorithms: An Object Oriented Approach” instead of the other way around for a reason.) Sure, this data could be embellished with functionality. But nevertheless functionality was second. When you look at (domain) object models what you mostly find is (domain) data object models. The common object oriented approach is: data aka structure over functionality. This is true even for the most modern modeling approaches like Domain Driven Design. Look at the literature and what you find is recommendations on how to get data structures right: aggregates, entities, value objects. I´m not saying this is what object orientation was invented for. But I´m saying that´s what I happen to see across many teams now some 25 years after object orientation became mainstream through C++, Delphi, and Java. But why should we switch back? Because software development cannot become truly agile with a data focus. The reason for that lies in what customers need first: functionality, behavior, operations. To be clear, that´s not why software is built. The purpose of software is to be more efficient than the alternative. Money mainly is spent to get a certain level of quality (e.g. performance, scalability, security etc.). But without functionality being present, there is nothing to work on the quality of. What customers want is functionality of a certain quality. ASAP. And tomorrow new functionality needs to be added, existing functionality needs to be changed, and quality needs to be increased. No customer ever wanted data or structures. Of course data should be processed. Data is there, data gets generated, transformed, stored. But how the data is structured for this to happen efficiently is of no concern to the customer. Ask a customer (or user) whether she likes the data structured this way or that way. She´ll say, “I don´t care.” But ask a customer (or user) whether he likes the functionality and its quality this way or that way. He´ll say, “I like it” (or “I don´t like it”). Build software incrementally From this very natural focus of customers and users on functionality and its quality follows we should develop software incrementally. That´s what Agility is about. Deliver small increments quickly and often to get frequent feedback. That way less waste is produced, and learning can take place much easier (on the side of the customer as well as on the side of developers). An increment is some added functionality or quality of functionality.[1] So as it turns out, Agility is about functionality over whatever. But software developers’ thinking is still stuck in the object oriented mindset of whatever over functionality. Bummer. I guess that (at least partly) explains why Agility always hits a glass ceiling in projects. It´s a clash of mindsets, of cultures. Driving software development by demanding small increases in functionality runs against thinking about software as growing (data) structures sprinkled with functionality. (Excuse me, if this sounds a bit broad-brush. But you get my point.) The need for abstraction In the end there need to be data structures. Of course. Small and large ones. The phrase functionality over data does not deny that. It´s not functionality instead of data or something. It´s just over, i.e. functionality should be thought of first. It´s a tad more important. It´s what the customer wants. That´s why we need a way to design functionality. Small and large. We need to be able to think about functionality before implementing it. We need to be able to reason about it among team members. We need to be able to communicate our mental models of functionality not just by speaking about them, but also on paper. Otherwise reasoning about it does not scale. We learned thinking about functionality in the small using flow charts, Nassi-Shneiderman diagrams, pseudo code, or UML sequence diagrams. That´s nice and well. But it does not scale. You can use these tools to describe manageable algorithms. But it does not work for the functionality triggered by pressing the “1-Click Order” on an amazon product page for example. There are several reasons for that, I´d say. Firstly, the level of abstraction over code is negligible. It´s essentially non-existent. Drawing a flow chart or writing pseudo code or writing actual code is very, very much alike. All these tools are about control flow like code is.[2] In addition all tools are computationally complete. They are about logic which is expressions and especially control statements. Whatever you code in Java you can fully (!) describe using a flow chart. And then there is no data. They are about control flow and leave out the data altogether. Thus data mostly is assumed to be global. That´s shooting yourself in the foot, as I hope you agree. Even if it´s functionality over data that does not mean “don´t think about data”. Right to the contrary! Functionality only makes sense with regard to data. So data needs to be in the picture right from the start - but it must not dominate the thinking. The above tools fail on this. Bottom line: So far we´re unable to reason in a scalable and abstract manner about functionality. That´s why programmers are so driven to start coding once they are presented with a problem. Programming languages are the only tool they´ve learned to use to reason about functional solutions. Or, well, there might be exceptions. Mathematical notation and SQL may have come to your mind already. Indeed they are tools on a higher level of abstraction than flow charts etc. That´s because they are declarative and not computationally complete. They leave out details - in order to deliver higher efficiency in devising overall solutions. We can easily reason about functionality using mathematics and SQL. That´s great. Except for that they are domain specific languages. They are not general purpose. (And they don´t scale either, I´d say.) Bummer. So to be more precise we need a scalable general purpose tool on a higher than code level of abstraction not neglecting data. Enter: Flow Design. Abstracting functionality using data flows I believe the solution to the problem of abstracting functionality lies in switching from control flow to data flow. Data flow very naturally is not about logic details anymore. There are no expressions and no control statements anymore. There are not even statements anymore. Data flow is declarative by nature. With data flow we get rid of all the limiting traits of former approaches to modeling functionality. In addition, nomen est omen, data flows include data in the functionality picture. With data flows, data is visibly flowing from processing step to processing step. Control is not flowing. Control is wherever it´s needed to process data coming in. That´s a crucial difference and needs some rewiring in your head to be fully appreciated.[2] Since data flows are declarative they are not the right tool to describe algorithms, though, I´d say. With them you don´t design functionality on a low level. During design data flow processing steps are black boxes. They get fleshed out during coding. Data flow design thus is more coarse grained than flow chart design. It starts on a higher level of abstraction - but then is not limited. By nesting data flows indefinitely you can design functionality of any size, without losing sight of your data. Data flows scale very well during design. They can be used on any level of granularity. And they can easily be depicted. Communicating designs using data flows is easy and scales well, too. The result of functional design using data flows is not algorithms (too low level), but processes. Think of data flows as descriptions of industrial production lines. Data as material runs through a number of processing steps to be analyzed, enhances, transformed. On the top level of a data flow design might be just one processing step, e.g. “execute 1-click order”. But below that are arbitrary levels of flows with smaller and smaller steps. That´s not layering as in “layered architecture”, though. Rather it´s a stratified design à la Abelson/Sussman. Refining data flows is not your grandpa´s functional decomposition. That was rooted in control flows. Refining data flows does not suffer from the limits of functional decomposition against which object orientation was supposed to be an antidote. Summary I´ve been working exclusively with data flows for functional design for the past 4 years. It has changed my life as a programmer. What once was difficult is now easy. And, no, I´m not using Clojure or F#. And I´m not a async/parallel execution buff. Designing the functionality of increments using data flows works great with teams. It produces design documentation which can easily be translated into code - in which then the smallest data flow processing steps have to be fleshed out - which is comparatively easy. Using a systematic translation approach code can mirror the data flow design. That way later on the design can easily be reproduced from the code if need be. And finally, data flow designs play well with object orientation. They are a great starting point for class design. But that´s a story for another day. To me data flow design simply is one of the missing links of systematic lightweight software design. There are also other artifacts software development can produce to get feedback, e.g. process descriptions, test cases. But customers can be delighted more easily with code based increments in functionality. ? No, I´m not talking about the endless possibilities this opens for parallel processing. Data flows are useful independently of multi-core processors and Actor-based designs. That´s my whole point here. Data flows are good for reasoning and evolvability. So forget about any special frameworks you might need to reap benefits from data flows. None are necessary. Translating data flow designs even into plain of Java is possible. ?

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Refactor This (Ugly Code)!

- by Alois Kraus

Ayende has put on his blog some ugly code to refactor. First and foremost it is nearly impossible to reason about other peoples code without knowing the driving forces behind the current code. It is certainly possible to make it much cleaner when potential sources of errors cannot happen in the first place due to good design. I can see what the intention of the code is but I do not know about every brittle detail if I am allowed to reorder things here and there to simplify things. So I decided to make it much simpler by identifying the different responsibilities of the methods and encapsulate it in different classes. The code we need to refactor seems to deal with a handler after a message has been sent to a message queue. The handler does complete the current transaction if there is any and does handle any errors happening there. If during the the completion of the transaction errors occur the transaction is at least disposed. We can enter the handler already in a faulty state where we try to deliver the complete event in any case and signal a failure event and try to resend the message again to the queue if it was not inside a transaction. All is decorated with many try/catch blocks, duplicated code and some state variables to route the program flow. It is hard to understand and difficult to reason about. In other words: This code is a mess and could be written by me if I was under pressure. Here comes to code we want to refactor: private void HandleMessageCompletion( Message message, TransactionScope tx, OpenedQueue messageQueue, Exception exception, Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> messageCompleted, Action<CurrentMessageInformation> beforeTransactionCommit) { var txDisposed = false; if (exception == null) { try { if (tx != null) { if (beforeTransactionCommit != null) beforeTransactionCommit(currentMessageInformation); tx.Complete(); tx.Dispose(); txDisposed = true; } try { if (messageCompleted != null) messageCompleted(currentMessageInformation, exception); } catch (Exception e) { Trace.TraceError("An error occured when raising the MessageCompleted event, the error will NOT affect the message processing"+ e); } return; } catch (Exception e) { Trace.TraceWarning("Failed to complete transaction, moving to error mode"+ e); exception = e; } } try { if (txDisposed == false && tx != null) { Trace.TraceWarning("Disposing transaction in error mode"); tx.Dispose(); } } catch (Exception e) { Trace.TraceWarning("Failed to dispose of transaction in error mode."+ e); } if (message == null) return; try { if (messageCompleted != null) messageCompleted(currentMessageInformation, exception); } catch (Exception e) { Trace.TraceError("An error occured when raising the MessageCompleted event, the error will NOT affect the message processing"+ e); } try { var copy = MessageProcessingFailure; if (copy != null) copy(currentMessageInformation, exception); } catch (Exception moduleException) { Trace.TraceError("Module failed to process message failure: " + exception.Message+ moduleException); } if (messageQueue.IsTransactional == false)// put the item back in the queue { messageQueue.Send(message); } } You can see quite some processing and handling going on there. Yes this looks like real world code one did put together to make things work and he does not trust his callbacks. I guess these are event handlers which are optional and the delegates were extracted from an event to call them back later when necessary. Lets see what the author of this code did intend: private void HandleMessageCompletion( TransactionHandler transactionHandler, MessageCompletionHandler handler, CurrentMessageInformation messageInfo, ErrorCollector errors ) { // commit current pending transaction transactionHandler.CallHandlerAndCommit(messageInfo, errors); // We have an error for a null message do not send completion event if (messageInfo.CurrentMessage == null) return; // Send completion event in any case regardless of errors handler.OnMessageCompleted(messageInfo, errors); // put message back if queue is not transactional transactionHandler.ResendMessageOnError(messageInfo.CurrentMessage, errors); } I did not bother to write the intention here again since the code should be pretty self explaining by now. I have used comments to explain the still nontrivial procedure step by step revealing the real intention about all this complex program flow. The original complexity of the problem domain does not go away but by applying the techniques of SRP (Single Responsibility Principle) and some functional style but we can abstract the necessary complexity away in useful abstractions which make it much easier to reason about it. Since most of the method seems to deal with errors I thought it was a good idea to encapsulate the error state of our current message in an ErrorCollector object which stores all exceptions in a list along with a description what the error all was about in the exception itself. We can log it later or not depending on the log level or whatever. It is really just a simple list that encapsulates the current error state. class ErrorCollector { List<Exception> _Errors = new List<Exception>(); public void Add(Exception ex, string description) { ex.Data["Description"] = description; _Errors.Add(ex); } public Exception Last { get { return _Errors.LastOrDefault(); } } public bool HasError { get { return _Errors.Count > 0; } } } Since the error state is global we have two choices to store a reference in the other helper objects (TransactionHandler and MessageCompletionHandler)or pass it to the method calls when necessary. I did chose the latter one because a second argument does not hurt and makes it easier to reason about the overall state while the helper objects remain stateless and immutable which makes the helper objects much easier to understand and as a bonus thread safe as well. This does not mean that the stored member variables are stateless or thread safe as well but at least our helper classes are it. Most of the complexity is located the transaction handling I consider as a separate responsibility that I delegate to the TransactionHandler which does nothing if there is no transaction or Call the Before Commit Handler Commit Transaction Dispose Transaction if commit did throw In fact it has a second responsibility to resend the message if the transaction did fail. I did see a good fit there since it deals with transaction failures. class TransactionHandler { TransactionScope _Tx; Action<CurrentMessageInformation> _BeforeCommit; OpenedQueue _MessageQueue; public TransactionHandler(TransactionScope tx, Action<CurrentMessageInformation> beforeCommit, OpenedQueue messageQueue) { _Tx = tx; _BeforeCommit = beforeCommit; _MessageQueue = messageQueue; } public void CallHandlerAndCommit(CurrentMessageInformation currentMessageInfo, ErrorCollector errors) { if (_Tx != null && !errors.HasError) { try { if (_BeforeCommit != null) { _BeforeCommit(currentMessageInfo); } _Tx.Complete(); _Tx.Dispose(); } catch (Exception ex) { errors.Add(ex, "Failed to complete transaction, moving to error mode"); Trace.TraceWarning("Disposing transaction in error mode"); try { _Tx.Dispose(); } catch (Exception ex2) { errors.Add(ex2, "Failed to dispose of transaction in error mode."); } } } } public void ResendMessageOnError(Message message, ErrorCollector errors) { if (errors.HasError && !_MessageQueue.IsTransactional) { _MessageQueue.Send(message); } } } If we need to change the handling in the future we have a much easier time to reason about our application flow than before. After we did complete our transaction and called our callback we can call the completion handler which is the main purpose of the HandleMessageCompletion method after all. The responsiblity o the MessageCompletionHandler is to call the completion callback and the failure callback when some error has occurred. class MessageCompletionHandler { Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> _MessageCompletedHandler; Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> _MessageProcessingFailure; public MessageCompletionHandler(Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> messageCompletedHandler, Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> messageProcessingFailure) { _MessageCompletedHandler = messageCompletedHandler; _MessageProcessingFailure = messageProcessingFailure; } public void OnMessageCompleted(CurrentMessageInformation currentMessageInfo, ErrorCollector errors) { try { if (_MessageCompletedHandler != null) { _MessageCompletedHandler(currentMessageInfo, errors.Last); } } catch (Exception ex) { errors.Add(ex, "An error occured when raising the MessageCompleted event, the error will NOT affect the message processing"); } if (errors.HasError) { SignalFailedMessage(currentMessageInfo, errors); } } void SignalFailedMessage(CurrentMessageInformation currentMessageInfo, ErrorCollector errors) { try { if (_MessageProcessingFailure != null) _MessageProcessingFailure(currentMessageInfo, errors.Last); } catch (Exception moduleException) { errors.Add(moduleException, "Module failed to process message failure"); } } } If for some reason I did screw up the logic and we need to call the completion handler from our Transaction handler we can simple add to the CallHandlerAndCommit method a third argument to the MessageCompletionHandler and we are fine again. If the logic becomes even more complex and we need to ensure that the completed event is triggered only once we have now one place the completion handler to capture the state. During this refactoring I simple put things together that belong together and came up with useful abstractions. If you look at the original argument list of the HandleMessageCompletion method I have put many things together: Original Arguments New Arguments Encapsulate Message message CurrentMessageInformation messageInfo Message message TransactionScope tx Action<CurrentMessageInformation> beforeTransactionCommit OpenedQueue messageQueue TransactionHandler transactionHandler TransactionScope tx OpenedQueue messageQueue Action<CurrentMessageInformation> beforeTransactionCommit Exception exception, ErrorCollector errors Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> messageCompleted MessageCompletionHandler handler Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> messageCompleted Action<CurrentMessageInformation, Exception> messageProcessingFailure The reason is simple: Put the things that have relationships together and you will find nearly automatically useful abstractions. I hope this makes sense to you. If you see a way to make it even more simple you can show Ayende your improved version as well.

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Should I refactor this code?

- by user156814

The code is for a view debate page. The code is supposed to determine whether or not to show an add reply form to the viewing user. If the user is logged in, and the user is not the creator of the debate, then check if the user already replied to the debate. If the user did not already reply to the debate then show the form... Otherwise, Check If the user wants to edit their already existing reply by looking in the url for the reply id If any of these tests dont pass, Then I save the reason as an int and pass that to a switch statement in the view. The logic seems easy enough, but my code seems a little sloppy. Here's the code.. (using Kohana V2.3.4) public function view($id = 0) { $debate = ORM::factory('debate')->with('user')->with('category')->find($id); if ($debate->loaded == FALSE) { url::redirect(); } // series of tests to show an add reply form if ($this->logged_in) { // is the viewer the creator? if ($this->user->id != $debate->user->id) { // has the user already replied? if (ORM::factory('reply') ->where(array('debate_id' => $id, 'user_id' => $this->user->id)) ->count_all() == 0) { $form = $errors = array ( 'body' => '', 'choice_id' => '', 'add' => '' ); if ($post = $this->input->post()) { $reply = ORM::factory('reply'); // validate and insert the reply if ($reply->add($post, TRUE)) { url::redirect(url::current()); } $form = arr::overwrite($form, $post->as_array()); $errors = arr::overwrite($errors, $post->errors('reply_errors')); } } // editing a reply? else if (($rid = (int) $this->input->get('edit')) AND ($reply = ORM::factory('reply') ->where(array('debate_id' => $id, 'user_id' => $this->user->id)) ->find($rid))) { $form = $errors = array ( 'body' => '', 'choice_id' => '', 'add' => '' ); // autocomplete the form $form = arr::overwrite($form, $reply->as_array()); if ($post = $this->input->post()) { // validate and insert the reply if ($reply->edit($post, TRUE)) { url::redirect(url::current()); } $form = arr::overwrite($form, $post->as_array()); $errors = arr::overwrite($errors, $post->errors('reply_errors')); } } else { // user already replied $reason = 3; } } else { // user started the debate $reason = 2; } } else { // user is not logged in. $reason = 1; } $limits = Kohana::config('app/debate.limits'); $page = (int) $this->input->get('page', 1); $offset = ($page > 0) ? ($page - 1) * $limits['replies'] : 0; $replies = ORM::factory('reply')->with('user')->with('choice')->where('replies.debate_id', $id); $this->template->title = $debate->topic; $this->template->debate = $debate; $this->template->body = View::factory('debate/view') ->set('debate', $debate) ->set('replies', $replies->find_all($limits['replies'], $offset)) ->set('pagination', Pagination::factory(array ( 'style' => 'digg', 'items_per_page' => $limits['replies'], 'query_string' => 'page', 'auto_hide' => TRUE, 'total_items' => $total = $replies->count_last_query() )) ) ->set('total', $total); // are we showing the add reply form? if (isset($form, $errors)) { $this->template->body->add_reply_form = View::factory('reply/add_reply_form') ->set('debate', $debate) ->set('form', $form) ->set('errors', $errors); } else { $this->template->body->reason = $reason; } } Heres the view, theres some logic in here that determines what message to show the user.  <?php if (isset($add_reply_form)): ?> <?php echo $add_reply_form; ?> <?php else: ?> <?php switch ($reason) { case 1 : // not logged in, show a message $message = 'Add your ' . html::anchor('login?url=' . url::current(TRUE), '<b>vote</b>') . ' to this discussion'; break; case 2 : // started the debate. dont show a message for that. $message = NULL; break; case 3: // already replied, show a message $message = 'You have already replied to this debate'; break; default: // unknown reason. dont show a message $message = NULL; break; } ?> <?php echo app::show_message($message, 'h2'); ?> <?php endif; ?>  Should I refactor the add reply logic into another function or something.... It all works, it just seems real sloppy. Thanks

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How to create a column containing a string of stars to inidcate levels of a factor in a data frame i

- by PaulHurleyuk

(second question today - must be a bad day) I have a dataframe with various columns, inculding a concentration column (numeric), a flag highlighting invalid results (boolean) and a description of the problem (character) dput(df) structure(list(x = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10), rawconc = c(77.4, 52.6, 86.5, 44.5, 167, 16.2, 59.3, 123, 1.95, 181), reason = structure(c(NA, NA, 2L, NA, NA, NA, 2L, 1L, NA, NA), .Label = c("Fails Acceptance Criteria", "Poor Injection"), class = "factor"), flag = c("False", "False", "True", "False", "False", "False", "True", "True", "False", "False" )), .Names = c("x", "rawconc", "reason", "flag"), row.names = c(NA, -10L), class = "data.frame") I can create a column with the numeric level of the reason column df$level<-as.numeric(df$reason) df x rawconc reason flag level 1 1 77.40 <NA> False NA 2 2 52.60 <NA> False NA 3 3 86.50 Poor Injection True 2 4 4 44.50 <NA> False NA 5 5 167.00 <NA> False NA 6 6 16.20 <NA> False NA 7 7 59.30 Poor Injection True 2 8 8 123.00 Fails Acceptance Criteria True 1 9 9 1.95 <NA> False NA 10 10 181.00 <NA> False NA and here's what I want to do to create a column with 'level' many stars, but it fails df$stars<-paste(rep("*",df$level)sep="",collapse="") Error: unexpected symbol in "df$stars<-paste(rep("*",df$level)sep" df$stars<-paste(rep("*",df$level),sep="",collapse="") Error in rep("*", df$level) : invalid 'times' argument rep("*",df$level) Error in rep("*", df$level) : invalid 'times' argument df$stars<-paste(rep("*",pmax(df$level,0,na.rm=TRUE)),sep="",collapse="") Error in rep("*", pmax(df$level, 0, na.rm = TRUE)) : invalid 'times' argument It seems that rep needs to be fed one value at a time. I feel that this should be possible (and my gut says 'use lapply' but my apply fu is v. poor) ANy one want to try ?

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URL with no query parameters - How to distinguish.

- by Broken Link

Env: .NET 1.1 I got into this situation. Where I need to give a URL that someone could redirect them to our page. When they redirect they also need to tell us, what message I need to display on the page. Initially I thought of something like this. http://example.com/a.aspx?reason=100 http://example.com/a.aspx?reason=101 ... http://example.com/a.aspx?reason=115 So when we get this url based on 'reason' we can display different message. But the problem turns out to be that they can not send any query parameters at all. They want 15 difference URL's since they can't send query params. It doesn't make any sense to me to created 15 pages just to display a message. Any smart ideas,that have one URL and pass the 'reason' thru some means? EDIT: Options I'm thinking based on Answers Try HttpRequest.PathInfo or Second option I was thinking was to have a httphanlder read read the path like this - HttpContext.Request.Path based on path act. Ofcourse I will have some 15 entries like this in web.config. <add verb="*" path="reason1.ashx" type="WebApplication1.Class1, WebApplication1" /> <add verb="*" path="reason2.ashx" type="WebApplication1.Class1, WebApplication1" /> Does that look clean?

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Indexing community images for google image search

- by Vittorio Vittori

Hi, I'm trying to understand how can I do to let my site be reachable from google image search spiders. I like how last.fm solution, and I thought to use a technique like his staff do to let google find artists images on their pages. When I'm looking for an artist and I search it on google image search, as often as not I find an image from last.fm artists page, I make an example: If I search the band Pure Reason Revolution It brings me here, the artist's image page http://www.last.fm/music/Pure+Reason+Revolution/+images/4284073 Now if I take a look to the image file, i can see it's named: http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/500/4284073/Pure+Reason+Revolution+4.jpg so if I try to undertand how the service works I can try to say: http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/ the server who serve the images 500/ the selected size for the image 4284073/ the image id for database Pure+Reason+Revolution+4.jpg the image name I thought it's difficult to think the real filename for the image is Pure+Reason+Revolution+4.jpg for image overwrite problems when an user upload it, in fact if I digit: http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/500/4284073.jpg I probably find the real image location and filename With this tecnique the image is highly reachable from search engines and easily archived. My question is, does exist some guide or tutorial to approach on this kind of tecniques, or something similar?

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Prepare community images for google image search indexing

- by Vittorio Vittori

Hi, I'm trying to understand how can I do to let my site be reachable from google image search spiders. I like how last.fm solution, and I thought to use a technique like his staff do to let google find artists images on their pages. When I'm looking for an artist and I search it on google image search, as often as not I find an image from last.fm artists page, I make an example: If I search the band Pure Reason Revolution It brings me here, the artist's image page http://www.last.fm/music/Pure+Reason+Revolution/+images/4284073 Now if I take a look to the image file, i can see it's named: http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/500/4284073/Pure+Reason+Revolution+4.jpg so if I try to undertand how the service works I can try to say: http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/ the server who serve the images 500/ the selected size for the image 4284073/ the image id for database Pure+Reason+Revolution+4.jpg the image name I thought it's difficult to think the real filename for the image is Pure+Reason+Revolution+4.jpg for image overwrite problems when an user upload it, in fact if I digit: http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/500/4284073.jpg I probably find the real image location and filename With this tecnique the image is highly reachable from search engines and easily archived. My question is, does exist some guide or tutorial to approach on this kind of tecniques, or something similar?

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Prepare your site images for google image search indexing

- by Vittorio Vittori

Hi, I'm trying to understand how can I do to let my site be reachable from google image search spiders. I like how last.fm solution, and I thought to use a technique like his staff do to let google find artists images on their pages. When I'm looking for an artist and I search it on google image search, as often as not I find an image from last.fm artists page, I make an example: If I search the band Pure Reason Revolution It brings me here, the artist's image page http://www.last.fm/music/Pure+Reason+Revolution/+images/4284073 Now if I take a look to the image file, i can see it's named: http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/500/4284073/Pure+Reason+Revolution+4.jpg so if I try to undertand how the service works I can try to say: http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/ the server who serve the images 500/ the selected size for the image 4284073/ the image id for database Pure+Reason+Revolution+4.jpg the image name I thought it's difficult to think the real filename for the image is Pure+Reason+Revolution+4.jpg for image overwrite problems when an user upload it, in fact if I digit: http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/500/4284073.jpg I probably find the real image location and filename With this tecnique the image is highly reachable from search engines and easily archived. My question is, does exist some guide or tutorial to approach on this kind of tecniques, or something similar?

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How do you determine how coarse or fine-grained a 'responsibility' should be when using the single r

- by Mark Rogers

In the SRP, a 'responsibility' is usually described as 'a reason to change', so that each class (or object?) should have only one reason someone should have to go in there and change it. But if you take this to the extreme fine-grain you could say that an object adding two numbers together is a responsibility and a possible reason to change. Therefore the object should contain no other logic, because it would produce another reason for change. I'm curious if there is anyone out there that has any strategies for 'scoping', the single-responsibility principle that's slightly less objective?

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Oracle - Count distict values of a column

- by Luciana Borela

Hi I have this table: Reason|Area_Code|Id x dig 1 x dig 2 y dig 3 h util 4 x dig 5 I'm trying a sql that returns: Reason|Amount of distinct Reason|Area_code x 3 dig y 1 dig h 1 util I will use this result to plot a chart. I don´t have any ideia on how this SQL can be. Could you help me?

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Oracle - Count distinct values of a column

- by Luciana Borela

Hi I have this table: Reason|Area_Code|Id x dig 1 x dig 2 y dig 3 h util 4 x dig 5 I'm trying for a SQL that returns: Reason|Amount of distinct Reason|Area_code x 3 dig y 1 dig h 1 util I will use this result to plot a chart. I don´t have any idea on how this SQL can be done. Could you help me?

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IIS 7.5 Manager crashes when adding a custom error page

- by dig412

I'm running a local IIS 7.5 server in Win 7 Pro, and I'm trying to add a custom error page for 403 responses. When I click OK to add a custom error page for my site, IIS Manager just vanishes. The server is still running, and I can re-start IIS Manager, but the new page has not been saved. I've also tried adding it directly to web.config, but that just gives me The page cannot be displayed because an internal server error has occurred. Does anyone know why this might be happening? Edit: The event log implies that an invalid character in the path caused the crash, but It occured even when I copied & pasted a path from a valid entry. Application error log: IISMANAGER_CRASH IIS Manager terminated unexpectedly. Exception:System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation. --- System.ArgumentException: Illegal characters in path. at System.IO.Path.CheckInvalidPathChars(String path) at System.IO.Path.IsPathRooted(String path) at Microsoft.Web.Management.Iis.CustomErrors.CustomErrorsForm.OnAccept() at Microsoft.Web.Management.Client.Win32.TaskForm.OnOKButtonClick(Object sender, EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnClick(EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Button.OnMouseUp(MouseEventArgs mevent) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmMouseUp(Message& m, MouseButtons button, Int32 clicks) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.ButtonBase.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Button.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.DebuggableCallback(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam) at System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessageW(MSG& msg) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ComponentManager.System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.IMsoComponentManager.FPushMessageLoop(Int32 dwComponentID, Int32 reason, Int32 pvLoopData) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoopInner(Int32 reason, ApplicationContext context) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoop(Int32 reason, ApplicationContext context) at System.Windows.Forms.Form.ShowDialog(IWin32Window owner) at Microsoft.Web.Management.Host.UserInterface.ManagementUIService.ShowDialogInternal(Form form, IWin32Window parent) at Microsoft.Web.Management.Host.UserInterface.ManagementUIService.Microsoft.Web.Management.Client.Win32.IManagementUIService.ShowDialog(DialogForm form) at Microsoft.Web.Management.Client.Win32.ModulePage.ShowDialog(DialogForm form) at Microsoft.Web.Management.Iis.CustomErrors.CustomErrorsPage.AddCustomError() --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.RuntimeMethodHandle._InvokeMethodFast(Object target, Object[] arguments, SignatureStruct& sig, MethodAttributes methodAttributes, RuntimeTypeHandle typeOwner) at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture, Boolean skipVisibilityChecks) at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture) at Microsoft.Web.Management.Client.TaskList.InvokeMethod(String methodName, Object userData) at Microsoft.Web.Management.Host.UserInterface.Tasks.MethodTaskItemLine.InvokeMethod() at System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel.OnMouseUp(MouseEventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmMouseUp(Message& m, MouseButtons button, Int32 clicks) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Label.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.DebuggableCallback(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam) at System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessageW(MSG& msg) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ComponentManager.System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.IMsoComponentManager.FPushMessageLoop(Int32 dwComponentID, Int32 reason, Int32 pvLoopData) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoopInner(Int32 reason, ApplicationContext context) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoop(Int32 reason, ApplicationContext context) at Microsoft.Web.Management.Host.Shell.ShellApplication.Execute(Boolean localDevelopmentMode, Boolean resetPreferences, Boolean resetPreferencesNoLaunch) Process:InetMgr

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Unable to set background image using python (2.7.3), bash and gnome3

- by malon

#!/usr/bin/env python import os bashCommand = "gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file:///home/malon/autowallpaperchanger/" + pic_name print bashCommand os.system(bashCommand) Print result: gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file:///home/malon/autowallpaperchanger/wallpaper-1252048.jpg Copying and pasting the print result into a terminal makes the change successfully, so the command is correct, but os.system isn't processing the request correctly for some reason. In the full script (posted below), I use os.system for a different reason immediately before (wget) and that works fine. Thank you! Full script: http://pastebin.com/R90GTmBZ

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How to install gluezilla-dev?

- by Petr

gluezilla was removed from latest Ubuntu repository for some silly reason. This library is necessary for mono web libraries to work properly (without gluezilla the web browser component doesn't work). How do I install it on Ubuntu? It has an incredible dependency tree of packages that were in older Ubuntu versions but for some reason aren't in current Ubuntu. Is there any way to install it other than downgrading to older Ubuntu?

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Why was Android's ContentProvider created?

- by satur9nine

The title sums up my question, but to elaborate basically what I want to understand is why the Android designers want apps that need to work with shared data to use a Content Provider rather than just accessing the SQLite database directly? The only reason I can think of is security because certain files can by accessed only be certain processes and in that way the Content Provider is the gatekeeper that ensures each app has the proper privileges before allowing read and/or write access to the database file. Is that the primary reason why ContentProvider was created?

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Need personal advice on how to get out of a company..

- by SOfan

Hi, I am an SO user since past 6 months and this is the first time I am turning to SO for personal help. I have asked technical questions before with my real ID. I am stuck inside a service based IT company for the past one year and haven't been able to decide if to leave it, when to leave it and how to leave it. I had taken 2 weeks LWP on medical reason roughly at end of 1 year and then soon after reporting, I applied for 2 months more LWP (on medical/personal ground) with the intention of working on my health,take up a hobby class to ward off depression,pessimism, to have some fun in life, and to look for a job which I really would be excited about - that interests me and which matches with my strength. My leave starts from this Monday. So in any case, I had hard set in mind that I will leave the company after I join them back hopefully with some job offer already in hand (after figuring out what I want do). Neither I can stand the past project,past colleagues,company, HR, pathetically low salary. But if I really listen to my heart, I don't want to have to go back to that office after my sabbatical and again have to see those people. I will have to resign it after my sabbatical ends. Then HR people perhaps wont like it, may even accuse me on face or behind back that primary purpose of my leave must have been to hunt for a better job and I lied about medical and person reasons. Also, if they get nasty and force me to serve 2 months notice period. There is no way I see myself after sabbatical resuming in old project or starting new work. It will be a pain. Since they have already approved 2 months leave and stuff, ideally if they want, they should be just able to relieve me right on the next day after I join back. But, I don't know if they want to get nasty, will they mention about my 2 months sabbatical leave in my experience letter or more scary, the term medical/personal reason. I have hard earned my experience here, have worked against my will, mostly it has been painful and slogged like anything, because I realize the importance of work experience in IT industry. I don't have greed to have those 2 months included extra in my experience letter, but I don't want to mess up with my experience letter in a way which makes my next employer ask question, get suspicious, or be wary if I have any medical reason going on. Being an emotional,moody person or somebody who can't be in an environment, once my mind and heart starts hating it. I think it perhaps is best, if I resign on Monday itself telling them (in polite manner) something that look I took sabbatical for some reason but I don't want to resume working in the company after my sabbatical ends. So please accept my resignation. Now tell me what you want to do about my leave request, my notice period and when you are willing to relieve me. What should I write and how? Some background: I am working in an IT company in India.I am overqualified in the company. It is grossly underpaying me. My education qualifications far exceed anyone's in the whole company being a CS undergrad as well as a CS grad. I joined this company after finishing the grad. I had self-doubts about my skills and interest as a programmer. I like doing research oriented work, though didn't have any particular success during grad. My life here has been very hectic. The project containing many many sub-projects has kept me on my toes and I have never really liked the work. I have been playing against my strength. Also the company strict internet usage policy (you can't read gmails, can't browse any non-work related sites not even news). When working for a client, from the machine we can't even check company related emails.For this one has to go to kiosk like 5 machines in a small room etc. Most of the times those machines are not available, so it was not unusual to keep making rounds to these kiosk machines to check company emails, browse company related emails etc.So it was not so easy to keep in touch with company related basic affairs for a not particular careful person. Things like this which are new to me, make me feel restricted. I am an undecisive person with a sense of failure, self-doubt, not meeting up unrealistic expectation. Somewhere at back of mind, I envy my classmates who make a smooth transition from company to company without causing any gap in their resume. I on other hand have gaps in resume. I get tired after working in a place for sometime. problem with colleagues in general. I am not particular great with people, have few friends, not known for a fun nature, rather serious, scholar. I am not a typical conventional female. I think females are usually more disciplined. But I am not so. I reach office late (though after informing manager). I don't want to blame them entirely, because from my past, it is not unusual for me to get undecisive on things. Also I had doubts about my ability as researched and to succeed there. of building a relationship in a group, to have something to talk about, newspaper. I get cut-off from people. peer pressure. I make blunders in coding, lose patience. Consciously or unconsciously I feel contempt for people here, work here, environment here. I have doubts that either I go to a place which does innovation, does research oriented work, product biggies, have great motivated people, have competent people passionate about products they are building. But then I also doubt my ability to survive there. I have identified that an idea job for me would be 4 days a week, a high salary job. When among people in company/team, I can't think much. I need some time at home to read good authentic books written in good style on what work I am doing.So that I am comfortable with my understanding of work. I get into pressure easily under deadline and need 5th day to cool myself off. I took for 2 weeks leave, because each day was hell for me. May be the depression phase of bipolar is on and also partially it could be that being a work centered person, who derives happiness,self-esteem from work, haven't been enjoying work and have been working for the sole person of proving stability, and ability to stick, against all odds, and facing what challenges I see, bonding with people, identifying opportunities to learn in given task etc.have been averaging one day LWP in 1 week or 10 days. or may be because of my nature,ADD,not being able to switch context,out of touch with news, don't have a circle of friends with who I enjoy. less knowledge in general to talk about, just some technical stuff.anyway, so due to emotional reason, some practical reason etc, I wanted to be very sure before leaving. So my leave starts from Monday and I should feel happy about it. I have taken the leave to for a few purposes - to take care of my health by regular yoga/exercise (with project on, I just can't do anything regular), reassess myself to see what I want to try next which work I might like, look for next job, take up a hobby which I like say singing. I am not clear on my career,job aspiration. I have tried my hands on research. During this year appraisal yesterday, I even had some conflict with my last manager. In meeting with me one on one, he would say all nice things about me, but in feedback to new manager, he hasn't given any excellent feedback. It is all only good. I am angry at this old Manager. Also new manager also scolded me as I didn't agree to his appraisal and waited to hear myself from old Manager. He kind of scolded me for wasting his time. Am I being unethical somewhere? I am always very conscious of if I am cheating anywhere. What advice I am seeking? How to resign and what to write in resignation letter

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Cumulative Update #8 for SQL Server 2008 SP3 is available

- by AaronBertrand

Today Microsoft has released a new cumulative update for SQL Server 2008 SP3. KB article: KB #2771833 There are 9 fixes listed at the time of writing The build number is 10.00.5828.00 Relevant for @@VERSION between 10.00.5500 and 10.00.5827 It seems clear that Service Pack 2 servicing has been discontinued. So there is even less reason to hold onto those old builds, and every reason to upgrade to Service Pack 3 . As usual, I'll post my standard disclaimer here: these updates are NOT for SQL Server...(read more)

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