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  • Incompatible format types

    - by nebffa
    I'm playing around with strncpy in C and am having some trouble. The code is as follows: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char src[] = "Benjamin Franklin"; char dest[5]; strncpy(src, dest, sizeof(dest) / sizeof(char)); dest[5] = '\0'; printf("%s\n", dest); return 0; } which compiles with no errors using: gcc -Wall -g -Werror test.c -o test and prints out gibberish like p4?? I cannot really understand what I'm doing wrong especially since I have played around with it a lot and been looking online for answers. Perhaps since I am using arrays I am passing the address to printf without realising it?

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  • Why Swift is 100 times slower than C in this image processing test?

    - by xiaobai
    Like many other developers I have been very excited at the new Swift language from Apple. Apple has boasted its speed is faster than Objective C and can be used to write operating system. And from what I learned so far, it's a very type-safe language and able to have precisely control over the exact data type (like integer length). So it does look like having good potential handling performance critical tasks, like image processing, right? That's what I thought before I carried out a quick test. The result really surprised me. Here is a much simplified image alpha blending code snippet in C: test.c: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <string.h> uint8_t pixels[640*480]; uint8_t alpha[640*480]; uint8_t blended[640*480]; void blend(uint8_t* px, uint8_t* al, uint8_t* result, int size) { for(int i=0; i<size; i++) { result[i] = (uint8_t)(((uint16_t)px[i]) *al[i] /255); } } int main(void) { memset(pixels, 128, 640*480); memset(alpha, 128, 640*480); memset(blended, 255, 640*480); // Test 10 frames for(int i=0; i<10; i++) { blend(pixels, alpha, blended, 640*480); } return 0; } I compiled it on my Macbook Air 2011 with the following command: gcc -O3 test.c -o test The 10 frame processing time is about 0.01s. In other words, it takes the C code 1ms to process one frame: $ time ./test real 0m0.010s user 0m0.006s sys 0m0.003s Then I have a Swift version of the same code: test.swift: let pixels = UInt8[](count: 640*480, repeatedValue: 128) let alpha = UInt8[](count: 640*480, repeatedValue: 128) let blended = UInt8[](count: 640*480, repeatedValue: 255) func blend(px: UInt8[], al: UInt8[], result: UInt8[], size: Int) { for(var i=0; i<size; i++) { var b = (UInt16)(px[i]) * (UInt16)(al[i]) result[i] = (UInt8)(b/255) } } for i in 0..10 { blend(pixels, alpha, blended, 640*480) } The build command line is: xcrun swift -O3 test.swift -o test Here I use the same O3 level optimization flag to make the comparison hopefully fair. However, the resulting speed is 100 time slower: $ time ./test real 0m1.172s user 0m1.146s sys 0m0.006s In other words, it takes Swift ~120ms to processing one frame which takes C just 1 ms. I also verified the memory initialization time in both test code are very small compared to the blend processing function time. What happened?

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  • Is typeid of type name always evaluated at compile time in c++ ?

    - by cyril42e
    I wanted to check that typeid is evaluated at compile time when used with a type name (ie typeid(int), typeid(std::string)...). To do so, I repeated in a loop the comparison of two typeid calls, and compiled it with optimizations enabled, in order to see if the compiler simplified the loop (by looking at the execution time which is 1us when it simplifies instead of 160ms when it does not). And I get strange results, because sometimes the compiler simplifies the code, and sometimes it does not. I use g++ (I tried different 4.x versions), and here is the program: #include <iostream> #include <typeinfo> #include <time.h> class DisplayData {}; class RobotDisplay: public DisplayData {}; class SensorDisplay: public DisplayData {}; class RobotQt {}; class SensorQt {}; timespec tp1, tp2; const int n = 1000000000; int main() { int avg = 0; clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tp1); for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { // if (typeid(RobotQt) == typeid(RobotDisplay)) // (1) compile time // if (typeid(SensorQt) == typeid(SensorDisplay)) // (2) compile time if (typeid(RobotQt) == typeid(RobotDisplay) || typeid(SensorQt) == typeid(SensorDisplay)) // (3) not compile time ???!!! avg++; else avg--; } clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tp2); std::cout << "time (" << avg << "): " << (tp2.tv_sec-tp1.tv_sec)*1000000000+(tp2.tv_nsec-tp1.tv_nsec) << " ns" << std::endl; } The conditions in which this problem appear are not clear, but: - if there is no inheritance involved, no problem (always compile time) - if I do only one comparison, no problem - the problem only appears only with a disjunction of comparisons if all the terms are false So is there something I didn't get with how typeid works (is it always supposed to be evaluated at compilation time when used with type names?) or may this be a gcc bug in evaluation or optimization? About the context, I tracked down the problem to this very simplified example, but my goal is to use typeid with template types (as partial function template specialization is not possible). Thanks for your help!

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  • 'array bound is not an integer constant' when defining size of array in class, using an element of a const array

    - by user574733
    #ifndef QWERT_H #define QWERT_H const int x [] = {1, 2,}; const int z = 3; #endif #include <iostream> #include "qwert.h" class Class { int y [x[0]]; //error:array bound is not an integer constant int g [z]; //no problem }; int main () { int y [x[0]]; //no problem Class a_class; } I can't figure out why this doesn't work. Other people with this problem seem to be trying to dynamically allocate arrays. Any help is much appreciated.

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  • Including full LaTeX documents within others.

    - by Chris Clarke
    I'm currently finishing off my dissertation, and would like to be able to include some documents within my LaTeX document. The files I'd like to include are weekly reports done in LaTeX to my supervisor. Obviously all documents are page numbered seperately. I would like them to be included in the final document. I could concatenate all the final PDFs using GhostScript or some other tool, but I would like to have consistent numbering throughout the document. I have tried including the LaTeX from each document in the main document, but the preamble etc causes problems and the small title I have in each report takes a whole page... In summary, I'm looking for a way of including a number of 1 or 2 page self-complete LaTeX files in a large report, keeping their original layouts, but changing the page numbering.

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  • Fetching a result twice with deferend name

    - by user1799842
    I have 1 table with tasks named opentask:columns: id,title,description,expires,creator_id,creator_name, executer_id, executer_name, priority_id, status_id1 table with users named user: with columns: user_id, username What I want is to create a query where there will be all columns from opentask table where the executer_id will be equal to the user_id of user table AND the creator_id will be equal to the user_id again. This creates a confusion because the first equality excludes the second.So I need somehow to create a query where I will include the usernames for the executer with something like where "opentask.executer_id=user_user_id" and at the same time I will include the username again (as a differend name?) for the creator with something like "where opentask.executer_id=user_user_id"So I try this, which of course I know that is missing something, can you help? SELECT DISTINCT id, title, description, expires, creator_id, executer_id, oc_opentask.priority_id, oc_opentask.status_id, priority_name, status_name, user_id, username, (SELECT username FROM oc_opentask, oc_user WHERE oc_opentask.creator_id=oc_user.user_id) AS username2 FROM oc_opentask, oc_opentask_priority, oc_user, oc_opentask_status WHERE oc_opentask.priority_id=oc_opentask_priority.priority_id AND oc_opentask.executer_id=oc_user.user_id AND oc_opentask.status_id=oc_opentask_status.status_id ORDER BY oc_opentask.expires DESC

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  • Is there any memory leak in the normal routine of sqlite3_*()?

    - by reer
    A normal routine of sqlite3_prepare_v2() + sqlite3_step() + sqlite3_finalize() could contain leak. It sound ridiculous. But the test code seems to say it. Or I used the sqlite3_*() wrongly. Appreciate for any reply. __code________________________ include include // for usleep() include int multi_write (int j); sqlite3 *db = NULL; int main (void) { int ret = -1; ret = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db); ret = sqlite3_exec(db,"CREATE TABLE data_his (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, d1 CHAR(16))", NULL,NULL,NULL); usleep (100000); int j=0; while (1) { multi_write (j++); usleep (2000000); printf (" ----------- %d\n", j); } ret = sqlite3_close (db); return 0; } int multi_write (int j) { int ret = -1; char *sql_f = "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO data_his VALUES (%d, %Q)"; char *sql = NULL; sqlite3_stmt *p_stmt = NULL; ret = sqlite3_prepare_v2 (db, "BEGIN TRANSACTION", -1, &p_stmt, NULL); ret = sqlite3_step ( p_stmt ); ret = sqlite3_finalize ( p_stmt ); int i=0; for (i=0; i<100; i++) { sql = sqlite3_mprintf ( sql_f, j*100000 + i, "00000000000068FD"); ret = sqlite3_prepare_v2 (db, sql, -1, &p_stmt, NULL ); sqlite3_free ( sql ); //printf ("sqlite3_prepare_v2(): %d, %s\n", ret, sqlite3_errmsg (db)); ret = sqlite3_step ( p_stmt ); //printf ("sqlite3_step(): %d, %s\n", ret, sqlite3_errmsg (db)); ret = sqlite3_finalize ( p_stmt ); //printf ("sqlite3_finalize(): %d, %s\n\n", ret, sqlite3_errmsg (db)); } ret = sqlite3_prepare_v2 (db, "COMMIT TRANSACTION", -1, &p_stmt, NULL ); ret = sqlite3_step ( p_stmt ); ret = sqlite3_finalize ( p_stmt ); return 0; } __result________________________ And I watch the the process's run by top. At first, the memory statistics is: PID PPID USER STAT VSZ %MEM %CPU COMMAND 17731 15488 root S 1104 5% 7% ./sqlite3multiwrite When the printf() in while(1){} of main() prints the 150, the memory statistics is: PID PPID USER STAT VSZ %MEM %CPU COMMAND 17731 15488 root S 1552 5% 7% ./sqlite3multiwrite It sounds that after 150 for-cycles, the memory used by sqlite3multiwrite increase from 1104KB to 1552KB. What does it mean? memory leak or other thing?

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  • Rails - How to connect Helper to Controller Module

    - by red eye
    I have helper: module BreadcrumbsHelper def breadcrumbs_cache_wrap(key, options, &block) ... end end And i extract part of Controller to module: module ApplicationController::Breadcrumbs def default_breadcrumbs ... end class ApplicationController include ApplicationController::Breadcrumbs ... end Now i want to connect Helper to Controller. I can do it like this: class ApplicationController include ApplicationController::Breadcrumbs helper :breadcrumbs ... end It's working. But can i incapsulate connection to Breadcrumbs Module? module ApplicationController::Breadcrumbs helper :breadcrumbs ... end Unfortunately this code is not working "undefined method `helper'".

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  • c++: how can i read a file line by line to a string type variable?

    - by ufk
    Hiya. I'm trying to read a file line by line to a string type variable using the following code: #include <iostream> #include <fstream> ifstream file(file_name); if (!file) { cout << "unable to open file"; exit(1); } string line; while (!file.eof()) { file.getline(line,256); cout<<line; } file.close(); it won't compile when I try to use String class, only when i use char file[256] instead. how can I get line by line into a string class? thanks!

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  • which is time consuming construct in following program?

    - by user388338
    while submitting a solution for practise problem 6(odd) i got TLE error but while using using print and scanf in place cin and cout my sol was submitted successfully with 0.77s time..i want to know how can i make it more efficient link to problem is codechef problem 6 #include<iostream> #include<cstdio> using namespace std; int main() {int n,N; scanf("%d",&n); for(int l=0;l<n;l++) { scanf("%d",&N); int i=0,x; if(N<=0) continue; for(;N>=(x=(2<<i));i++); printf("%d",x/2); cout<<"\n"; } }

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  • C++ WIN32: Short multitasking example

    - by Con Current
    I searched for examples on how to create a simple multithreaded app that does something similar to this: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int myConcurrentFunction( ) { while( 1 ) { cout << "b" << endl; } } int main( ) { // Start a new thread for myConcurrentFunction while( 1 ) { cout << "a" << endl; } } How can I get the above to output a and b "randomly" by starting a new thread instead of just calling myConcurrentFunction normally? I mean: What is the minimal code for it? Is it really only one function I have to call? What files do I need to include? I use MSVC 2010, Win32

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  • NoMethodError when trying to invoke helper method from Rails controller

    - by John Topley
    I'm getting a NoMethodError when trying to access a method defined in one of my helper modules from one of my controller classes. My Rails application uses the helper class method with the :all symbol as shown below: class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base helper :all . . end My understanding is that this should make all of my controller classes automatically include all of the helper modules within the app/helpers directory, therefore mixing in all of the methods into the controllers. Is this correct? If I explicitly include the helper module within the controller then everything works correctly.

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  • error C2065: 'AfxBeginThread' : undeclared identifier

    - by bdhar
    I have a simple ATL Service in which I have included the following statement. AfxBeginThread(WorkerThread, this, THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL, 0, 0); But the compiler complains that error C2065: 'AfxBeginThread' : undeclared identifier But in MSDN i found that AfxBeginThread is found in AFXWIN.H If I include AFXWIN.H, the compiler complains that fatal error C1189: #error : WINDOWS.H already included. MFC apps must not #include <windows.h> What am I missing here? Thanks. PS: I am using Visual Studio 6.0 Enterprise Edition in Windows XP SP2.

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  • How does C free() work?

    - by slee
    #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int * alloc() { int *p = (int *)calloc(5,4); printf("%d\n",p); return p; } int main() { int *p = alloc(); free(p); printf("%d\n",p); p[0] = 1; p[1] = 2; printf("%d %d\n",p[0],p[1]); } As to the code segment, I allocate 5 ints,first. And then I free the memory. When I printf p, why does p sill have a value same to the memory address allocated first? And I also can assign value to p[0] and p[1]. Does this mean free() do nothing? Once I allocate memory, I can use later though I have freed it.

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  • C++ vector pointer/reference problem

    - by sub
    Please take a look at this example: #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> using namespace std; class mySubContainer { public: string val; }; class myMainContainer { public: mySubContainer sub; }; void doSomethingWith( myMainContainer &container ) { container.sub.val = "I was modified"; } int main( ) { vector<myMainContainer> vec; /** * Add test data */ myMainContainer tempInst; tempInst.sub.val = "foo"; vec.push_back( tempInst ); tempInst.sub.val = "bar"; vec.push_back( tempInst ); // 1000 lines of random code here int i; int size = vec.size( ); myMainContainer current; for( i = 0; i < size; i ++ ) { cout << i << ": Value before='" << vec.at( i ).sub.val << "'" << endl; current = vec.at( i ); doSomethingWith( current ); cout << i << ": Value after='" << vec.at( i ).sub.val << "'" << endl; } system("pause");//i suck } A hell lot of code for an example, I know. Now so you don't have to spend years thinking about what this [should] do[es]: I have a class myMainContainer which has as its only member an instance of mySubContainer. mySubContainer only has a string val as member. So I create a vector and fill it with some sample data. Now, what I want to do is: Iterate through the vector and make a separate function able to modify the current myMainContainer in the vector. However, the vector remains unchanged as the output tells: 0: Value before='foo' 0: Value after='foo' 1: Value before='bar' 1: Value after='bar' What am I doing wrong? doSomethingWith has to return void, I can't let it return the modified myMainContainer and then just overwrite it in the vector, that's why I tried to pass it by reference as seen in the doSomethingWith definition above.

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  • How can I change ruby log level in unit tests based on context

    - by Stuart
    I'm new to ruby so forgive me if this is simple or I get some terminology wrong. I've got a bunch of unit tests (actually they're integration tests for another project, but they use ruby test/unit) and they all include from a module that sets up an instance variable for the log object. When I run the individual tests I'd like log.level to be debug, but when I run a suite I'd like log.level to be error. Is it possible to do this with the approach I'm taking, or does the code need to be restructured? Here's a small example of what I have so far. The logging module: #!/usr/bin/env ruby require 'logger' module MyLog def setup @log = Logger.new(STDOUT) @log.level = Logger::DEBUG end end A test: #!/usr/bin/env ruby require 'test/unit' require 'mylog' class Test1 < Test::Unit::TestCase include MyLog def test_something @log.info("About to test something") # Test goes here @log.info("Done testing something") end end A test suite made up of all the tests in its directory: #!/usr/bin/env ruby Dir.foreach(".") do |path| if /it-.*\.rb/.match(File.basename(path)) require path end end

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  • C pointer initialization and dereferencing, what's wrong here?

    - by randombits
    This should be super simple, but I'm not sure why the compiler is complaining here. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int *n = 5; printf ("n: %d", *n); exit(0); } Getting the following complaints: foo.c: In function ‘main’: foo.c:6: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast I just want to print the value that the pointer n references. I'm dereferencing it in the printf() statement and I get a segmentation fault. Compiling this with gcc -o foo foo.c.

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  • Storing objects in STL vector - minimal set of methods

    - by osgx
    Hello What is "minimal framework" (necessary methods) of object, which I will store in STL <vector>? For my assumptions: #include <vector> #include <cstring> using namespace std; class Doit { private: char *a; public: Doit(){a=(char*)malloc(10);} ~Doit(){free(a);} }; int main(){ vector<Doit> v(10); } gives *** glibc detected *** ./a.out: double free or corruption (fasttop): 0x0804b008 *** Aborted and in valgrind: malloc/free: 2 allocs, 12 frees, 50 bytes allocated.

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  • C++: Why does gcc prefer non-const over const when accessing operator[]?

    - by JonasW
    This question might be more appropriately asked regarding C++ in general, but as I am using gcc on linux that's the context. Consider the following program: #include <iostream> #include <map> #include <string> using namespace std; template <typename TKey, typename TValue> class Dictionary{ public: map<TKey, TValue> internal; TValue & operator[](TKey const & key) { cout << "operator[] with key " << key << " called " << endl; return internal[key]; } TValue const & operator[](TKey const & key) const { cout << "operator[] const with key " << key << " called " << endl; return internal.at(key); } }; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { Dictionary<string, string> dict; dict["1"] = "one"; cout << "first one: " << dict["1"] << endl; return 0; } When executing the program, the output is: operator[] with key 1 called operator[] with key 1 called first one: one What I would like is to have the compiler choose the operator[]const method instead in the second call. The reason is that without having used dict["1"] before, the call to operator[] causes the internal map to create the data that does not exist, even if the only thing I wanted was to do some debugging output, which of course is a fatal application error. The behaviour I am looking for would be something like the C# index operator which has a get and a set operation and where you could throw an exception if the getter tries to access something that doesn't exist: class MyDictionary<TKey, TVal> { private Dictionary<TKey, TVal> dict = new Dictionary<TKey, TVal>(); public TVal this[TKey idx] { get { if(!dict.ContainsKey(idx)) throw KeyNotFoundException("..."); return dict[idx]; } set { dict[idx] = value; } } } Thus, I wonder why the gcc prefers the non-const call over the const call when non-const access is not required.

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  • Do While loop breaks after incorrect input?

    - by Daminkz
    I am trying to have a loop continue to prompt the user for an option. When I get a string of characters instead of an int, the program loops indefinitely. I have tried setting the variable result to NULL, clearing the input stream, and have enclosed in try{}catch blocks (not in this example). Can anyone explain to me why this is? #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> using namespace std; int menu(string question, vector<string> options) { int result; cout << question << endl; for(int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) { cout << '[' << i << ']' << options[i] << endl; } bool ans = false; do { cin >> result; cin.ignore(1000, 10); if (result < options.size() ) { ans = true; } else { cout << "You must enter a valid option." << endl; result = NULL; ans = false; } } while(!ans); return result; } int main() { string menuQuestion = "Welcome to my game. What would you like to do?"; vector<string> mainMenu; mainMenu.push_back("Play Game"); mainMenu.push_back("Load Game"); mainMenu.push_back("About"); mainMenu.push_back("Exit"); int result = menu(menuQuestion, mainMenu); cout << "You entered: " << result << endl; return 0; }

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  • Preparing for the next C++ standard

    - by Neil Butterworth
    The spate of questions regarding BOOST_FOREACH prompts me to ask users of the Boost library what (if anything) they are doing to prepare their code for portability to the proposed new C++ standard (aka C++0x). For example, do you write code like this if you use shared_ptr: #ifdef CPPOX #include <memory> #else #include "boost/shared_ptr.hpp" #endif There is also the namespace issue - in the future, shared_ptr will be part of the std, namespace - how do you deal with that? I'm interested in these questions because I've decided to bite the bullet and start learning boost seriously, and I'd like to use best practices in my code. Not exactly a flood of answers - does this mean it's a non-issue? Anyway, thanks to those that replied; I'm accepting jalfs answer because I like being advised to do nothing!

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  • Access control of page in php

    - by garcon1986
    Hello, I want to control the access in php website. I have a solution right now with switch case. <?php $obj = $_GET['obj']; switch ($obj) { case a: include ('a.php'); break; default: include ('f.php'); } ?> But when i have so many pages, it becomes difficult to manage them. Do you have better solutions? Right now, i develop the application using php4. And i want to use php5. Do you have any suggestions when i develop it using php5? Thanks

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  • Self-contained python installation with executable tools included (pip, orbited, etc)

    - by Tristan
    I'm trying deploy a Python application on Windows as a folder that includes a full python 2.6 folder. I don't need/want a fancy solution like py2exe, I'm just trying to automate deployment of a web application. So long as I include python26.dll and set the PYTHONHOME correctly, things seem to work if I just include the Python26 folder in its entirety. However a number of the Python26/Script files don't work. For instance, pip.exe, orbited.exe, and morbid.exe all do nothing (complete with no output) when I try to run them on a system that doesn't have a real Python26 installation. I've run out of ideas. Suggestions?

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  • Multitrack sound recording - Downloadable control?

    - by Kenny Bones
    Hi, I was just wondering if anyone knows of any free Open Source software wich demonstrates multitrack recording support? I was thinking of something in the lines of this: http://www.soft411.com/company/NCH-Software/MixPad-Audio-Mixer%5Fscreenshot.html I want to include multitrack support in my own software, for personal use and I don't even know where to start to be able to do that. So preferrably a control or something would have been great. I could also be able to pay for something like this, as long as I'd be able to include it in my own VB.NET solution. Any replies are much appreciated! :) Edit: What's with the vote down? I was just wondering if there are any components I can buy and download to use in my own project..

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