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• Intermittent apt-get 'no installation candidate' error on fabric deploy

  - by jberryman

  I'm experiencing a strange issue with a fabric script I'm using to bootstrap a server on EC2. I launch a stock Ubuntu 12.04 AMI, wait for it to start, then proceed with: with settings(host_string="ubuntu@%s" % i.dns_name, connection_attempts=30): sudo('apt-get -qy update') sudo('apt-get -qy install --no-install-recommends mdadm') # don't install postfix #etc... The apt-get update appears to run fine and gives no errors, however (2/3 of the time or so) installing mdadm throws a "no installation candidate" error. When I ssh into the server and run apt-get install mdadm I get the same error. Running apt-get update by hand, then the package installs fine. Any ideas on what might be happening, or ideas for debugging?

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• sysbench memory test on ec2 small instance

  - by caribio

  I'm seeing a problem with sysbench memory test (the default version that's compiled in). This is on Ubuntu Maverick, sysbench installed via apt-get install sysbench. Running the same thing on Ubuntu @ Rackspace worked just as expected. While the CPU and I/O tests worked fine on EC2 servers, the memory test just runs without doing anything (notice the 0M in the test results). The instance used was the publicly available 'stock' Ubuntu image with no changes to it: ./ec2-run-instances ami-ccf405a5 --instance-type m1.small --region us-east-1 --key mykey Supplying more arguments (such as: --memory-block-size=1K --memory-total-size=102400M) didn't help. What am I doing wrong? Thanks. sysbench --num-threads=4 --test=memory run sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark Running the test with following options: Number of threads: 4 Doing memory operations speed test Memory block size: 1K Memory transfer size: 0M Memory operations type: write Memory scope type: global Threads started! Done. Operations performed: 0 ( 0.00 ops/sec) 0.00 MB transferred (0.00 MB/sec) Test execution summary: total time: 0.0003s total number of events: 0 total time taken by event execution: 0.0000 per-request statistics: min: 18446744073709.55ms avg: 0.00ms max: 0.00ms Threads fairness: events (avg/stddev): 0.0000/0.00 execution time (avg/stddev): 0.0000/0.00

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• I setup vsftpd on ubuntu server on my ec2 instance, how to connect using SSH?

  - by Blankman

  I connect to my ec2 instance using ssh so I don't have to login each time. I just installed vsftpd on the ubuntu server, but when I connect it obviously asks for my username and password. Since I connect using the ubuntu user that my AMI comes with, I don't even know the root password. Is there a way I can login via ftp using SSH? Or do I just create a user on the system for ftp purposes? I've locked ftp to my IP address, and I will shutdown the ftp service once I'm done as I dont need it running 99.99999% of the time.

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• Windows 2003 server RRAS on VPC

  - by Saif

  I'm trying to setup a L2TP VPN server(to give user access on to all my VPN instance) on a Windows 2003 instance running on my VPC. While trying to enable RRAS I'm getting error, "less than two network interfaces were detected on this machine". Eventually it's because there's only one network interface available, the which has private IP. I have elastic IP assigned to this instance as well. But RRAS can't see this. What should I do to RRAS to be able to see the interface with elastic IP?

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• Optimal Instance Size for EC2 Sharepoint Server

  - by Rob Wilkerson

  I'm surprised that I can't find any info about this, but I'm not a Windows admin and just a novice EC2 user. I have a client who wants to stand up a Sharepoint server on EC2 for internal use. The team is small (10-20) folks and traffic will be light. Mostly, the client is looking for one place to store documents (and revisions of documents) while making access easy for authenticated users anywhere in the world. They've settled on Sharepoint and have other EC2 instances so that seems like the natural fit, but I'm trying to figure out what to recommend for them. I'm currently thinking about a Medium instance. I'm afraid to go smaller because I think Windows would need a fair amount of memory just to run, but I'm very open to suggestions. Any advice would be much appreciated. I expect that the storage itself would happen in an EBS mount, but again, suggestions welcome. Thanks for your input.

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• HAProxy and Intermediate SSL Certificate Issue

  - by Sam K

  We are currently experiencing an issue with verifying a Comodo SSL certificate on an Ubuntu AWS cluster. Browsers are displaying the site/content fine and showing all the relevant certificate information (at least, all the ones we've checked), but certain network proxies and the online SSL checkers are showing we have an incomplete chain. We have tried the following to try to resolve this: Upgraded haproxy to the latest 1.5.3 Created a concatenated ".pem" file containing all the certificate (site, intermediate, w/ and w/out root) Added an explicit "ca-file" attribute to the "bind" line in our haproxy.cfg file. The ".pem" file verifies OK using openssl. The various intermediate and root certificates are installed and showing in /etc/ssl/certs. But the checks still come back with an incomplete chain. Can anyone advise about anything else we can check or any other changes we can make to try to fix this? Many thanks in advance... UPDATE: The only relevant line from the haproxy.cfg (I believe), is this one: bind *:443 ssl crt /etc/ssl/domainaname.com.pem

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• Has ec2 made self-hosting possible for 'amateur' sysadmins possible?

  - by Blankman

  I'm a developer, and it seems ec2 has made it possible for a amateur sysadmin like me to setup and maintain a fairly large set of servers. Now I don't mean to undermine real sys admins, as I know the value of them but what I am trying to get at is that someone like me can setup and maintain a cluster of servers (front end web servers, with some db servers) using tools like ec2 and capistrano with the help of google. Now this isn't something I would do as a long term thing, but as a startup, one-man operation, I think I can pull this off until business takes off and I can hire this important role out. With ec2, I get my firewall, so I basically open up port 80 on my public facing server, which will run haproxy and route requests to my cluster of servers. Ofcourse I am simplifying the setup, but just want a feel for what you guys think about my perception. My application is a web application, that will be runing Ruby on rails (passenger) and talking to mysql or postgresql.

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• EC2 AMI won't boot after edit

  - by Eric Lars0n

  I did something stupid, I got a new laptop and copied everything over to the new one, then wiped the old one clean. Then I realized that I forgot to copy the private key out of .ssh that I use to connect to my AWS EBS backed instance. So I can't log in to my custom AMI. So I created a new Volume from the Snapshot of the AMI, then started up a public instance and attached the Volume to it, edit the sshd_config to allow for password log in. Unmounted the volume, detached it, made a snapshot of it, then made a new AMI from the snapshot. The new AMI launches, but never passes the Status Checks and is not reachable. What am I doing wrong? Or alternatively how can I fix my problem? Edit: Adding some of the console output Linux version 2.6.16-xenU ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.0.1 20050727 (Red Hat 4.0.1-5)) #1 SMP Mon May 28 03:41:49 SAST 2007 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 000000006a400000 (usable) 980MB HIGHMEM available. 727MB LOWMEM available. NX (Execute Disable) protection: active IRQ lockup detection disabled RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize NET: Registered protocol family 2 Registering block device major 8 XENBUS: Timeout connecting to devices! Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(8,0)

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• route53 for multiple identical domains

  - by Yaniv Aknin

  My main domain is example.com, but also bought example.org and example.net. I've configured my webservers at *.example.com to handle requests from the other domains and redirect them correctly to example.com, but I'd rather not re-configure all my DNS records at example.org and example.net to be the same as example.com. Other than writing some ugly synchronization script, what should I do to have route53 answer queries against my "other" domains with the same data from the "main" domain?

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• Auto-scaling EC2 Servers and Updating Code

  - by jstats

  We've come to the point where we need to set up autoscaling for our web server and I'm unsure how to go about the process of scaling servers and updating the the existing code without remaking a new AMI and changing the autoscale config to use it. I've read a bit about people bundling the new code and uploading it to s3 and having new servers grab the bundle on boot up but that doesn't seem all that pleasant either. Currently the web app's files live in a git repo, and when we update the code, we push it to github, ssh into the web app and run a hook to bring down the latest code. So I was thinking that another option could be to just run that hook on an hourly or daily cron task. Unfortunately that doesn't cover everything type of update (for example new blog posts' images and such which aren't included in the git repo) but it's something. Could anyone provide some advice on what a common solution is or anything as to why my proposed solution is a bad idea? Thanks all

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• Unable to resize ec2 ebs root volume

  - by nathanjosiah

  I have followed many of the tutorials that pretty much all say the same thing which is basically: Stop the instance Detach the volume Create a snapshot of the volume Create a bigger volume from the snapshot Attach the new volume to the instance Start the instance back up Run resize2fs /dev/xxx However, step 7 is where the problems start happening. In any case running resize2fs always tells me that it is already xxxxx blocks big and does nothing, even with -f passed. So I start to continue with tutorials which all basically say the same thing and that is: Delete all partitons Recreate them back to what they were except with the bigger sizes Reboot the instance and run resize2fs (I have tried these steps both from the live instance and by attaching the volume to another instance and running the commands there) The main problem is that the instance won't start back up again and the system error log provided in the AWS console doesn't provide any errors. (it does however stop at the grub bootloader which to me indicates that it doesn't like the partitions(yes, the boot flag was toggled on the partition with no affect)) The other thing that happens regardless of what changes I make to the partitions is that the instance that the volume is attached to says that the partition has an invalid magic number and the super-block is corrupt. However, if I make no changes and reattach the volume, the instance runs without a problem. Can anybody shed some light on what I could be doing wrong? Edit On my new volume of 20GB with the 6GB image,df -h says: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvde1 5.8G 877M 4.7G 16% / tmpfs 836M 0 836M 0% /dev/shm And fdisk -l /dev/xvde says: Disk /dev/xvde: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x7d833f39 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvde1 1 766 6144000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/xvde2 766 784 146432 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. Also, sudo resize2fs /dev/xvde1 says: resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) The filesystem is already 1536000 blocks long. Nothing to do!

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• VPS 512 MB RAM with WordPressMU comes to consumes lots of memory

  - by CAPitalZ

  I have googled for days and gathered all optimization suggestions and tried. My sites are not getting any high hits. May be like 100 hits per day [all my sites combined]. Here are my specs I have 512 MB RAM VPS with burstable 1024 MB. Centos 5 32-bit & cPanel/WHM Apache 2.2 MySQL 5.0 PHP 5.3.2 Here is my Configs I have 2 WordPressMU production sites, and 1 test site my.cnf # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock skip-locking skip-bdb skip-innodb key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M #CAPitalZ thread_cache_size=8 thread_concurrency=4 #query_cache_type=1 #query_cache_limit=1M query_cache_size=16M concurrent_insert=2 low_priority_updates=1 max_connections=50 tmp_table_size=16M max_heap_table_size=16M join_buffer_size=1M interactive_timeout=25 wait_timeout=1000 #connect_timout=10 not able to restart mysql max_connect_errors=10 # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # skip-networking # Disable Federated by default skip-federated # Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication log-bin=mysql-bin # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1 [mysqld_safe] open_files_limit=8192 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [isamchk] key_buffer = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [myisamchk] key_buffer = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout httpd.conf I have unselected many modules and recompiled using EasyApache in WHM. Only have the following modules built Deflate Expires Fileprotect Imagemap MPM Prefork Version [default] EAccelerator for PHP Bcmath Calendar CurlSSL [I'm using Curl. But I don't have any https sites] Expat GD [for image cropping] Gettext Imap Mbregex [default] Mbstring [need both Mbregex and Mbstring for utf-8] Mysql of the system MySQL "Improved" extension. Sockets TTF (FreeType) [I'm using custom font] Zlib Under Global Configuration I only have FollowSymLinks enabled I Have TraceEnable, ServerSignature, FileETag OFF ServerTokens ProductOnly DirectoryIndex Priority has index.php as the first one I have removed Clamd [Clam Anti-virus] SpamAssasin is Off Under Tweak Settings Default catch-all/default address behavior for new accounts. This is set to "fail" All stats programs turned off I have eAccelerator installed and checked in phpinfo and its working [Pre VirtualHost Include under WHM] Timeout 20 KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 200 KeepAliveTimeout 3 MinSpareServers 1 MaxSpareServers 3 StartServers 1 ServerLimit 50 MaxClients 50 MaxRequestsPerChild 4000 ExtendedStatus Off #ServerType standalone this throws error HostnameLookups Off <Directory "/"> AllowOverride None </Directory> My sites will take ages to load and WHM/CPanel will not even load. adadaa.com/ http://adadaa.net/ kadais.ca/ My average memory consumption is like 1000 MB! [yes always bursting] The process that consumes most CPU and also most memory is mysql But I also get like 15 httpd processes [when its bursting] I already got warning from cpuwatchcheck saying "While processing, the cpu has been maxed out for more than a 6 hour period. The current load/uptime line on the server at the time of this email is 07:00:37 up 11:30, 0 users, load average: 14.64, 16.79, 20.07" I don't know, I have tried switching these config values many different times, but nothing seems to work. Please show some light... Thanks

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• How to combine AWS and dedicated external servers?

  - by rfw21

  I have an extensive network of servers all currently hosted on AWS EC2. For reasons of cost I plan to gradually migrate to dedicated servers where possible. So: How can I best combine AWS and non-AWS servers in my network? Ideally, I should be able to assign internal IP addresses to the external servers, include them in AWS security groups and ensure that all private traffic between my AWS servers and external servers is secure.

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• ls hangs after NFS server reboot

  - by Apikot

  I've got server A and server B. B acts as an nfs server, A mounts from B. Both are running on EC2. Sometimes I have to shut down B and start a new instance (identical instance). After B is back up, trying to do anything inside the mounted directory on A (ls for example) just hangs. I'm trying to set up a cron that checks the status of the mount, and remounts if anything is wrong. Is there any way to check the status of a mount?

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• FTP account ownership on vhost directory makes Apache not run website correctly

  - by CodeShining

  I've purchased a virtual server, where I'm given of a non-root sudo-enabled user. Actually I do need to create an FTP account that's not that sudo-able account, so I created a no-login account just for that purpose. I've set up VSFTPd correctly, also enabling the "userlist" feature, to specify which user are permitted to use FTP. Then I created an empty directory under my sudo-able account, and I gave ownership permissions to the second account, so to make it more easy to understand, let's say the main account (the one I do use to manage my VPS) is called ubuntu and the FTP-user is named ftpuser, I created a directory /home/ubuntu/mywebsite giving the ownership to ftpuser:ftpuser. Then I uploaded a worpdress website, whose default permissions are 755 and 644. The issue is that Apache is not given of any privilege to run the website. How can I make the website run properly, and which is the most secure? Should I run that virtualhost with another user (if it's possible)? Should I force the FTP user to use the www-data group (if that's possible) and run with permissions like 775 and 664? How can I solve this issue? Any help is appreciated, I'd like to run it using the default permissions, so any update won't break up anything (because of permissions reset).

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• I can't ping to my EC2 instance although icmp has been set

  - by user79356

  I wasn't able to ping to my ec2 server although I've done the following command: ec2-authorize default -P icmp -t -1:-1 -s 0.0.0.0/0 when I try this again it gives me: Client.InvalidPermission.Duplicate: The permission '0.0.0.0/0-3--1--1' has already been authorized on the specified group now when I ping from my laptop it gives me: PING 54.251.103.225 (54.251.103.225): 56 data bytes Request timeout for icmp_seq 0 Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 Request timeout for icmp_seq 2 Request timeout for icmp_seq 3 any idea on what to try on next?

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• Why don't cfn-init logs get sent by rsyslog?

  - by Jon M

  I just signed up for Papertrail to aggregate logs from some AWS instances I'm setting up with CloudFormation::Init. I've followed the instructions and added *.* @logs.papertrailapp.com to the end of '/etc/rsyslog.conf'. Some logs are showing up on Papertrail, but notably the contents of '/var/log/cfn-init.log' never get there, and those are the ones I'm interested in right now. Have I set up rsyslog incorrectly? Or do the CloudFormation::Init scripts just not use syslog to write log information?

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• Can I use a micro ec2 instance as a load balancer for my other large ec2 instances?

  - by Ryan Detzel

  The issue I'm having is I want to upgrade that instance often(security patches, etc) but I'm affriad something will fail and the site will be down. So, I want to have another server setup and load balance between the two that way I can easily disable one, upgrade it and once it's working add it back in the mix and repeat. What kind of machine is needed for a load balancer? Would the micro instance work just fine? The site gets anywhere from 3-10k hits/day. I plan on using nginx as the load balancer.

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• Multiple user directories on EC2

  - by Joseph

  Im trying to set up multiple user directories on EC2 running Ubuntu, but im not sure how to set it up correctly so that i can serve files in the following format: http://<ec2 ip address>/user_1/public_html/file1.html and http://<ec2 ip address>/user_2/public_html/file3.html and so on for every user that i add. I tried looking for the httpd.conf file but i coulndt find it i only found apache2.conf Thank you guys.

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• How can I force all requests to be SSL when using EC2 load balancer?

  - by chris

  I currently have a single EC2 instance which is forcing all requests to be secure by using mod_rewrite: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !443 RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}$1 [R,L] I am planning on moving to a load balanced setup, with multiple back-end instances. If I set up my EC2 load balancer with my certs, do I need to use SSL to communicate between the LB and my instances? If not, is it as simple as replacing the RewriteCond with RewriteCond %{HTTP:X-Forwarded_Proto} ^http$ Edit: I tried using the x-forwarded-proto, but it does not appear to work. Is there another way to detect if someone is connected to the LB via SSL?

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• EC2 custom topology

  - by Methos

  Is there any way to create a desired topology of EC2 instances? For example, can I create a 3 node topology of nodes A, B, C where C gets the public IP address and B and A are connected to it. Something like: Internet <-- C <-- B <-- A B and A only get private IP addresses and there is no way for the traffic to reach A before hitting B and C. This means I can install whatever I want to install on C and B to filter, cache etc. I'm going through EC2 documentation but so far I have not seen anything that talks about it. I will really appreciate if anyone knows how to do this on EC2

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• Multi domain server with dedicated SSL's HA

  - by user3692800

  I am hosting a server with 150 domain names (websites), each of the ssl's requere dedicated IP address. So server windows 2008, with 150 IP addressees and 150 websites. I need to have high availability solution. So thinking setting up AWS but ELB will not be a solution... and max IP's I can get per instance is 12 addresses. So what can I do to have all 150 sites hosted on one instance and be HA with instance in different availability zone.

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• Rebooting an EC2 Instance

  - by ABrown

  I'm working on a project involving EC2 and I'm having a difficult time wrapping my head around this concept. With EC2 instances, will non-EBS backed volumes (standard EC2) survive a reboot of the OS? For example, I have an Ubuntu instance. If I type "/sbin/shutdown -r now", will I lose all data on the drive not in the AMI? I understand that if I terminate the instance via the tools or the control panel, I lose everything, but I can't find a concrete answer to the restart issue. An extra gold star goes to anyone who can link to documentation clearly explaining this. ;) Thanks for your time!

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• Dynamically changing one-node Cassandra cluster to two nodes

  - by Jason Axelson

  So I have an application that will be very dormant most of the time but will need high-bursting a few days out of the month. Since we are deploying on EC2 I would like to keep only one Cassandra server up most of the time and then on burst days I want to bring one more server up (with more RAM and CPU than the first) to help serve the load. What is the best way to do this? Should I take a different approach? Some notes about what I plan to do: Bring the node up and repair it immediately After the burst time is over decommission the powerful node Use the always-on server as the seed node My main question is how to get the nodes to share all the data since I want a replication factor of 2 (so both nodes have all the data) but that won't work while there is only one server. Should I bring up 2 extra servers instead of just one?

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• Can a S3 mount be used as the document root for Apache?

  - by Hesse

  Has anyone been successful in having their DocumentRoot reside on an S3 mount (using s3fs)? I currently have a mounted bucket at /mnt/s3. I can read and write files to it no problem. In my httpd.conf I have DocumentRoot "/mnt/s3". When I restart Apache I get the error "DocumentRoot must be a directory". Has anyone tried something similar. My goal is to have a shared storage space so my nodes can scale easily and access the same document root. Thanks

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