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  • python class attribute

    - by chnet
    Hi, i have a question about class attribute in python. class base : def __init__ (self): pass derived_val = 1 t1 = base() t2 = base () t2.derived_val +=1 t2.__class__.derived_val +=2 print t2.derived_val # its value is 2 print t2.__class__.derived_val # its value is 3 The results are different. I also use id() function to find t2.derived_val and t2.class.derived_val have different memory address. My problem is derived_val is class attribute. Why it is different in above example? Is it because the instance of class copy its own derived_val beside the class attribute?

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  • Efficiently generate a 16-character, alphanumeric string

    - by ensnare
    I'm looking for a very quick way to generate an alphanumeric unique id for a primary key in a table. Would something like this work? def genKey(): hash = hashlib.md5(RANDOM_NUMBER).digest().encode("base64") alnum_hash = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9]', "", hash) return alnum_hash[:16] What would be a good way to generate random numbers? If I base it on microtime, I have to account for the possibility of several calls of genKey() at the same time from different instances. Or is there a better way to do all this? Thanks.

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  • converting a treebank of vertical trees to s-expressions

    - by Andreas
    I need to preprocess a treebank corpus of sentences with parse trees. The input format is a vertical representation of trees, like so: S =NP ==(DT +def) the == (N +ani) man =VP ==V walks ...and I need it like: (S (NP (DT the) (N man)) (VP (V walks))) I have code that almost does it, but not quite. There's always a missing paren somewhere. Should I use a proper parser, maybe a CFG? The current code is at http://github.com/andreasvc/eodop/blob/master/arbobanko.py The code also contains real examples from the treebank.

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  • Parallel Assignment operator in Ruby

    - by Bragaadeesh
    Hi, I was going through an example from Programming in Ruby book. This is that example def fib_up_to(max) i1, i2 = 1, 1 # parallel assignment (i1 = 1 and i2 = 1) while i1 <= max yield i1 i1, i2 = i2, i1+i2 end end fib_up_to(100) {|f| print f, " " } The above program simply prints the fibonacci numbers upto 100. Thats fine. My question here is when i replace the parallel assignment with something like this, i1 = i2 i2 = i1+i2 I am not getting the desired output. My question here is, is it advisable to use parallel assignments? (I come from Java background and it feels really wierd to see this type of assignment) One more doubt is : Is parallel assignment an operator?? Thanks

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  • How to set a __str__ method for all ctype Structure classes?

    - by Reuben Thomas
    [Since asking this question, I've found: http://www.cs.unc.edu/~gb/blog/2007/02/11/ctypes-tricks/ which gives a good answer.] I just wrote a __str__ method for a ctype-generated Structure class 'foo' thus: def foo_to_str(self): s = [] for i in foo._fields_: s.append('{}: {}'.format(i[0], foo.\_\_getattribute__(self, i[0]))) return '\n'.join(s) foo.\_\_str__ = foo_to_str But this is a fairly natural way to produce a __str__ method for any Structure class. How can I add this method directly to the Structure class, so that all Structure classes generated by ctypes get it? (I am using the h2xml and xml2py scripts to auto-generate ctypes code, and this offers no obvious way to change the names of the classes output, so simply subclassing Structure, Union &c. and adding my __str__ method there would involve post-processing the output of xml2py.)

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  • Python and hebrew encoding/decoding error

    - by user340495
    Hey, I have sqlite database which I would like to insert values in Hebrew to I am keep getting the following error : UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd7 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128) my code is as following : runsql(u'INSERT into personal values(%(ID)d,%(name)s)' % {'ID':1,'name':fabricate_hebrew_name()}) def fabricate_hebrew_name(): hebrew_names = [u'????',u'???',u'???',u'???',u'????',u'???',u'????',u'???',u'????',u'?????',u'????',u'???',u'????'] return random.sample(names,1)[0].encode('utf-8') note: runsql executing the query on the sqlite database fabricate_hebrew_name() should return a string which could be used in my SQL query. any help is much appreciated.

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  • How can I copy a queryset to a new model in django admin?

    - by user3806832
    I'm trying to write an action that allows the user to select the queryset and copy it to a new table. So: John, Mark, James, Tyler and Joe are in a table 1( called round 1) The user selects the action that say to "move to next round" and those same instances that were chosen are now also in the table for "round 2". I started trying with an action but don't really know where to go from here: def Round_2(modeladmin, request, queryset): For X in queryset: X.pk = None perform.short_description = "Move to Round 2" How can I copy them to the next table with all of their information (pk doesn't have to be the same)? Thanks

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  • Prevent Carousel scroll within scrollable Container (Sencha 2)?

    - by TragedyStruck
    I've got a Container with a header, content (Carousel) and a footer. The Container itself is therefor scrollable (vertical) to be able to scroll down to the footer. The Carousel can be swiped horizontally to change active item. I want to lock it to do only two thing: If starting to move vertically, only scroll Container If starting to move horizontally, only scroll Carousel If you now grab the Carousel you are able to scroll both ways at the same time. Example code: Ext.define('MyApp.view.MyContainer', { extend: 'Ext.Container', config: { scrollable: true, items: [ { xtype: 'container', items: [ { xtype: 'label', html: 'abc' } ] }, { xtype: 'carousel', height: 200, scrollable: false, items: [ { xtype: 'label', html: 'x' }, { xtype: 'label', html: 'y<br/>y<br/>y<br/>y<br/>y<br/>y<br/>y<br/>y' } ] }, { xtype: 'container', items: [ { xtype: 'label', html: 'def' } ] } ] } }); Using Sencha Touch 2.

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  • Help me refactoring this nasty Ruby if/else statement

    - by Suborx
    Hello, so I have this big method in my application for newsletter distribution. Method is for updating rayons and i need to assigned user to rayon. I have relation n:n through table colporteur_in_rayons witch have attributes since_date and _until_date. I am junior programmer and i know this code is pretty dummy :) I appreciated every suggestion. def update rayon = Rayon.find(params[:id]) if rayon.update_attributes(params[:rayon]) if params[:user_id] != "" unless rayon.users.empty? unless rayon.users.last.id.eql?(params[:user_id]) rayon.colporteur_in_rayons.last.update_attributes(:until_date = Time.now) Rayon.assign_user(rayon.id,params[:user_id]) flash[:success] = "Rayon #{rayon.name} has been succesuly assigned to #{rayon.actual_user.name}." return redirect_to rayons_path end else Rayon.assign_user(rayon.id,params[:user_id]) flash[:success] = "Rayon #{rayon.name} has been successfully assigned to #{rayon.actual_user.name}." return redirect_to rayons_path end end flash[:success] = "Rayon has been successfully updated." return redirect_to rayons_path else flash[:error] = "Rayon has not been updated." return redirect_to :back end end

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  • Returning user data for forms that have errors in when using ModelForms

    - by Sevenearths
    forms.py from django.forms import ModelForm from client.models import ClientDetails, ClientAddress, ClientPhone from snippets.UKPhoneNumberForm import UKPhoneNumberField class ClientDetailsForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = ClientDetails class ClientAddressForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = ClientAddress class ClientPhoneForm(ModelForm): number = UKPhoneNumberField() class Meta: model = ClientPhone views.py from django.shortcuts import render_to_response, redirect from django.template import RequestContext from client.forms import ClientDetailsForm, ClientAddressForm, ClientPhoneForm def new_client_view(request): formDetails = ClientDetailsForm(initial={'marital_status':'u'}) formAddress = ClientAddressForm() formHomePhone = ClientPhoneForm(initial={'phone_type':'home'}) formWorkPhone = ClientPhoneForm(initial={'phone_type':'work'}) formMobilePhone = ClientPhoneForm(initial={'phone_type':'mobi'}) return render_to_response('client/new_client.html', {'formDetails': formDetails, 'formAddress': formAddress, 'formHomePhone': formHomePhone, 'formWorkPhone': formWorkPhone, 'formMobilePhone': formMobilePhone}, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) (the new_client.html is nothing special) How should I write views.py so that if the user's data raises an error, instead of showing them the form again with the errors in but none of their original data, it shows them the form again with the errors AND their original data?

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  • Quering distinct values throught related model

    - by matheus.emm
    Hi! I have a simple one-to-many (models.ForeignKey) relationship between two of my model classes: class TeacherAssignment(models.Model): # ... some fields year = models.CharField(max_length=4) class LessonPlan(models.Model): teacher_assignment = models.ForeignKey(TeacherAssignment) # ... other fields I'd like to query my database to get the set of distinct years of TeacherAssignments related to at least one LessonPlan. I'm able to get this set using Django query API if I ignore the relation to LessonPlan: class TeacherAssignment(models.Model): # ... model's fields def get_years(self): year_values = self.objects.all().values_list('year').distinct().order_by('-year') return [yv[0] for yv in year_values if len(yv[0]) == 4] Unfortunately I don't know how to express the condition that the TeacherAssignment must be related to at least one LessonPlan. Any ideas how I'd be able to write the query? Thanks in advance.

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  • Rails link from one model to another based on db field?

    - by Danny McClelland
    Hi Everyone, I have a company model and a person model with the following relationships: class Company < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :kases has_many :people def to_s; companyname; end end class Person < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :kases # foreign key in join table belongs_to :company end In the create action for the person, I have a select box with a list of the companies, which assigns a company_id to that person's record: <%= f.select :company_id, Company.all.collect {|m| [m.companyname, m.id]} %> In the show view for the person I can list the company name as follows: <%=h @person.company.companyname %> What I am trying to work out, is how do I make that a link to the company record? I have tried: <%= link_to @person.company.companyname %> but that just outputs the company name inside a href tag but links to the current page. Thanks, Danny

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  • Why won't the following Clojure code tail a file via ssh?

    - by Zubair
    The following code never manages to tail a file. It simply hangs waiting for reader input. Has anyone tried anything similar? (def output (ref [] )) (import 'ch.ethz.ssh2.Connection) (import 'ch.ethz.ssh2.Session) (import 'ch.ethz.ssh2.StreamGobbler) (import 'java.lang.StringBuilder) (import 'java.io.InputStream) (import 'java.io.BufferedReader) (import 'java.io.InputStreamReader) (let [connection (new Connection "hostname")] (. connection connect) (let [ok (. connection authenticateWithPassword "username" "password" ) session (. connection openSession )] (. session execCommand "tail -f filename.txt") (let [sb (StringBuilder.) stdout (StreamGobbler. (. session getStdout)) br (BufferedReader. (InputStreamReader. stdout)) ] (future (loop [line2 (. br readLine)] (if (= line2 nil) nil (do (dosync (ref-set output (conj @output line2))) (recur (. br readLine)))) ) ) ) ) )

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  • Can you explain what's going on in this Ruby code?

    - by samoz
    I'm trying to learn Ruby as well as Ruby on Rails right now. I'm following along with Learning Rails, 1st edition, but I'm having a hard time understanding some of the code. I generally do work in C, C++, or Java, so Ruby is a pretty big change for me. I'm currently stumped with the following block of code for a database migrator: def self.up create_table :entries do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps end end Where is the t variable coming from? What does it actually represent? Is it sort of like the 'i' in a for(i=0;i<5;i++) statement? Also, where is the :entries being defined at? (entries is the name of my controller, but how does this function know about that?)

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  • How to synchronize threads in python?

    - by Eric
    I have two threads in python (2.7). I start them at the beginning of my program. While they execute, my program reaches the end and exits, killing both of my threads before waiting for resolution. I'm trying to figure out how to wait for both threads to finish before exiting. def connect_cam(ip, execute_lock): try: conn = TelnetConnection.TelnetClient(ip) execute_lock.acquire() ExecuteUpdate(conn, ip) execute_lock.release() except ValueError: pass execute_lock = thread.allocate_lock() thread.start_new_thread(connect_cam, ( headset_ip, execute_lock ) ) thread.start_new_thread(connect_cam, ( handcam_ip, execute_lock ) ) In .NET I would use something like WaitAll() but I haven't found the equivalent in python. In my scenario, TelnetClient is a long operation which may result in a failure after a timeout.

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  • compute mean in python for a generator

    - by nmaxwell
    Hi, I'm doing some statistics work, I have a (large) collection of random numbers to compute the mean of, I'd like to work with generators, because I just need to compute the mean, so I don't need to store the numbers. The problem is that numpy.mean breaks if you pass it a generator. I can write a simple function to do what I want, but I'm wondering if there's a proper, built-in way to do this? It would be nice if I could say "sum(values)/len(values)", but len doesn't work for genetators, and sum already consumed values. here's an example: import numpy def my_mean(values): n = 0 Sum = 0.0 try: while True: Sum += next(values) n += 1 except StopIteration: pass return float(Sum)/n X = [k for k in range(1,7)] Y = (k for k in range(1,7)) print numpy.mean(X) print my_mean(Y) these both give the same, correct, answer, buy my_mean doesn't work for lists, and numpy.mean doesn't work for generators. I really like the idea of working with generators, but details like this seem to spoil things. thanks for any help -nick

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  • Python: how to run several scripts (or functions) at the same time under windows 7 multicore processor 64bit

    - by Gianni
    sorry for this question because there are several examples in Stackoverflow. I am writing in order to clarify some of my doubts because I am quite new in Python language. i wrote a function: def clipmyfile(inFile,poly,outFile): ... # doing something with inFile and poly and return outFile Normally I do this: clipmyfile(inFile="File1.txt",poly="poly1.shp",outFile="res1.txt") clipmyfile(inFile="File2.txt",poly="poly2.shp",outFile="res2.txt") clipmyfile(inFile="File3.txt",poly="poly3.shp",outFile="res3.txt") ...... clipmyfile(inFile="File21.txt",poly="poly21.shp",outFile="res21.txt") I had read in this example Run several python programs at the same time and i can use (but probably i wrong) from multiprocessing import Pool p = Pool(21) # like in your example, running 21 separate processes to run the function in the same time and speed my analysis I am really honest to say that I didn't understand the next step. Thanks in advance for help and suggestion Gianni

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  • My Ruby Code: How can I improve? (Java to Ruby guy)

    - by steve
    Greetings, I get the feeling that I'm using ruby in an ugly way and possibly missing out on tonnes of useful features. I was wondering if anyone could point out a cleaner better way to write my code which is pasted here. The code itself simply scrapes some data from yelp and processes it into a json format. The reason I'm not using hash.to_json is because it throws some sort of stack error which I can only assume is due to the hash being too large (It's not particularly large). Response object = a hash text = the output which saves to file Anyways guidance appreciated. def mineLocation client = Yelp::Client.new request = Yelp::Review::Request::GeoPoint.new(:latitude=>13.3125,:longitude => -6.2468,:yws_id => 'nicetry') response = client.search(request) response['businesses'].length.times do |businessEntry| text ="" response['businesses'][businessEntry].each { |key, value| if value.class == Array value.length.times { |arrayEntry| text+= "\"#{key}\":[" value[arrayEntry].each { |arrayKey,arrayValue| text+= "{\"#{arrayKey}\":\"#{arrayValue}\"}," } text+="]" } else text+="\"#{arrayKey}\":\"#{arrayValue}\"," end } end end

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  • how to get day name in datetime in python

    - by gadss
    how can I get the day name (such as : Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday) in datetime in python?... here is my code in my handlers.py from django.utils.xmlutils import SimplerXMLGenerator from piston.handler import BaseHandler from booking.models import * from django.db.models import * from piston.utils import rc, require_mime, require_extended, validate import datetime class BookingHandler(BaseHandler): allowed_method = ('GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE') fields = ('id', 'date_select', 'product_name', 'quantity', 'price','totalcost', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'contact', 'product') model = Booking def read(self, request, id, date_select): if not self.has_model(): return rc.NOT_IMPLEMENTED try: prod = Product.objects.get(id=id) prod_quantity = prod.quantity merge = [] checkDateExist = Booking.objects.filter(date_select=date_select) if checkDateExist.exists(): entered_date = Booking.objects.values('date_select').distinct('date_select').filter(date_select=date_select)[0]['date_select'] else: entered_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_select, '%Y-%m-%d') entered_date = entered_date.date() delta = datetime.timedelta(days=3) target_date = entered_date - delta day = 1 for x in range(0,7): delta = datetime.timedelta(days=x+day) new_date = target_date + delta maximumProdQuantity = prod.quantity quantityReserve = Booking.objects.filter(date_select=new_date, product=prod).aggregate(Sum('quantity'))['quantity__sum'] if quantityReserve == None: quantityReserve = 0 quantityAvailable = prod_quantity - quantityReserve data1 = {'maximum_guest': maximumProdQuantity, 'available': quantityAvailable, 'date': new_date} merge.append(data1) return merge except self.model.DoesNotExist: return rc.NOT_HERE in my code: this line sets the date: for x in range(0,7): delta = datetime.timedelta(days=x+day) new_date = target_date + delta

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  • Array::include? on ActiveRecord collection not calling op== ?

    - by tribalvibes
    Given a collection of named Foos from ActiveRecord, why does Array.include? not seem to call Foo.== but yet index does? class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base def ==(s) self.name == s end end class Bar < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :foos end bar.foos << Foo.new( :name = 'hmm' ) bar.foos.all.include?('hmm') # does select all from db every time = true bar.foos.include?('hmm') # does not go to db, but does not find the Foo! = false bar.foos.index('hmm') # does not go to db, but does find the Foo[0] ! = 0 bar.foos.index('eh') # no such object = nil I understand shallow about the proxies, but (without a detour into the AR source) why is index seemingly behaving correctly but include? is not !? Is this a bug in the proxy behavior, and/or is this behavior documented somewhere ? Thanks.

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  • is this a correct way to generate rsa keys?

    - by calccrypto
    is this code going to give me correct values for RSA keys (assuming that the other functions are correct)? im having trouble getting my program to decrypt properly, as in certain blocks are not decrypting properly this is in python: import random def keygen(bits): p = q = 3 while p == q: p = random.randint(2**(bits/2-2),2**(bits/2)) q = random.randint(2**(bits/2-2),2**(bits/2)) p += not(p&1) # changes the values from q += not(q&1) # even to odd while MillerRabin(p) == False: # checks for primality p -= 2 while MillerRabin(q) == False: q -= 2 n = p * q tot = (p-1) * (q-1) e = tot while gcd(tot,e) != 1: e = random.randint(3,tot-1) d = getd(tot,e) # gets the multiplicative inverse while d<0: # i can probably replace this with mod d = d + tot return e,d,n one set of keys generated: e = 3daf16a37799d3b2c951c9baab30ad2d d = 16873c0dd2825b2e8e6c2c68da3a5e25 n = dc2a732d64b83816a99448a2c2077ced

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  • Unix: millionth number in the serie 2 3 4 6 9 13 19 28 42 63 ... ?

    - by HH
    It takes about minute to achieve 3000 in my comp but I need to know the millionth number in the serie. The definition is recursive so I cannot see any shortcuts except to calculate everything before the millionth number. How can you fast calculate millionth number in the serie? Serie Def n_{i+1} = \floor{ 3/2 * n_{i} } and n_{0}=2. Interestingly, only one site list the serie according to Goolge: this one. Too slow Bash code #!/bin/bash function serie { n=$( echo "3/2*$n" | bc -l | tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's@\\@@g' -e 's@ @@g' ); # bc gives \ at very large numbers, sed-tr for it n=$( echo $n/1 | bc ) #DUMMY FLOOR func } n=2 nth=1 while [ true ]; #$nth -lt 500 ]; do serie $n # n gets new value in the function throught global value echo $nth $n nth=$( echo $nth + 1 | bc ) #n++ done

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  • Documenting preprocessor defines in Doxygen

    - by Fire Lancer
    Is it possible to document preprocessor defines in Doxygen? I expected to be able to do it just like a variable or function, however the Doxygen output appears to have "lost" the documentation for the define, and does not contain the define its self either. I tried the following /**My Preprocessor Macro.*/ #define TEST_DEFINE(x) (x*x) and /**@def TEST_DEFINE My Preprocessor Macro. */ #define TEST_DEFINE(x) (x*x) I also tried putting them within a group (tried defgroup, addtogroup and ingroup) rather than just at the "file scope" however that had no effect either (although other items in the group were documented as intended). I looked through the various Doxygen options, but couldn't see anything that would enable (or prevent) the documentation of defines.

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  • Scriptom (groovy) leaves Excel process running - am I doing something wrong?

    - by Alex Stoddard
    I am using the Scriptom extension to Groovy 1.7.0 to automate some processing using Excel 2007 under Windows XP. This always seems to leave an Excel process running despite my calling quit on the excel activeX object. (There is a passing reference to this phenomenon in the Scriptom example documentation too.) Code looks like: import org.codehaus.groovy.scriptom.ActiveXObject; def xls = new ActiveXObject("Excel.Application") xls.Visible = true // do xls stuff xls.Quit() The visible excel window does disappear but an EXCEL process is left in the task manager (and more processes pile up with each run of the script). There are no error message or exceptions. Can anyone explain why the Excel process is left behind and is there any way to prevent it from happening?

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  • Generating Mouse-Keyboard combination events in python

    - by freakazo
    I want to be able to do a combination of keypresses and mouseclicks simultaneously, as in for example Control+LeftClick At the moment I am able to do Control and then a left click with the following code: import win32com, win32api, win32con def CopyBox( x, y): time.sleep(.2) wsh = win32com.client.Dispatch("WScript.Shell") wsh.SendKeys("^") win32api.SetCursorPos((x,y)) win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, x, y, 0, 0) win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, x, y, 0, 0) What this does is press control on the keyboard, then it clicks. I need it to keep the controll pressed longer and return while it's still pressed to continue running the code. Is there a maybe lower level way of saying press the key and then later in the code tell it to lift up the key such as like what the mouse is doing?

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