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• Looking for a non-cryptographic hash function that returns a single character

  - by makerofthings7

  Suppose I have a dictionary of ASCII words stored in uppercase. I also want to save those words into separate files so that the total word count of each file is approximately the same. By simply looking at the word I need to know which file it should be in (if it's there at all). Duplicate words should go into the same file and overwrite the last one. My first attempt at solving this problem is to use .NET's object.GetHashCode() function and .Trim() to get one of the "random" characters that pop up. I asked a similar question here If I only use one character of object.GetHashCode() I would get a hash code character of A..Z or 0..9. However saving the result of GetHashCode to disk is a no-no so I need a substitute. Question: What algorithm (or subset of an algorithm) is appropriate for pigeonholing strings into a single character or range of characters (Like hex 0..F offers 16 chars)? Real world usage: I'll use this answer to modify the Partition key used in Azure Table storage as described here

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• Creating a SQL Azure Database Should be Easier

  - by Ken Cox [MVP]

  Every time I try to create a database + tables + data for Windows Azure SQL I get errors.  One of them is 'Filegroup reference and partitioning scheme' is not supported in this version of SQL Server.' It’s partly due to my poor memory (since I’ve succeeded before) and partly due to the failure of tools that should be helping me. For example, when I want to create a script from an existing database on my local workstation, I use SQL Server Management Studio (currently v 11.0.2100.60).  I go to Tasks > Generate Scripts which brings up the nice Generate and Publish Scripts wizard. When I go into the Advanced button, under Script for Server Version, why don’t I see SQL Azure as an option by now? The tool should be sorting this out for me, right? Maybe this is available in SQL Server Data Tools? I haven’t got into that yet. Just merge the functionality with SSMS, please. Anyway, I pick an older version of SQL for the target and still need to tweak it for Azure. For example, I take out all the “[dbo].” stuff. Why is it put there by the wizard? I also have to get rid of "ON [PRIMARY]"  to deal with the error I noted at the top. Yes, there’s information on what a table needs to look like in SQL Azure but the tools should know this so I don’t have to mess with it.

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• Windows 7 doesnt boot after installing Ubuntu 12.10 (Asus Zenbook Prime / UEFI problem)

  - by jpdus

  Today I installed Ubuntu and since then i cannot boot into Windows anymore. I used the "standard" option (didnt change any partitions manually, just entered the size) but used the UEFI-mode. At first the GRUB entries for Windows did not work at all, after reading this thead i was able to add a new Grub entry - now i can get into the "windows-loading" screen for a few seconds but then i always see some kind of bluescreen for a fraction of a second and the laptop reboots. I can get into the windows recovery partition but the only option there is to reset everything to factory settings (+erase all data). I have no idea how to get into the Windows 7 repair mode which was mentioned here (tried everything else in this thread too - no success). My boot info can be found here: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1411573/ I have no idea what went wrong (there is even an extra page for the Zenbook Prime where no installation problems are mentioned). I would appreciate any help/ideas, many thanks!

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• Failure to start grub with Wubi

  - by Marco Ceppi

  My laptop battery ran down and died while using Ubuntu 10.04 with Wubi. Upon recharge (and restart) selecting Ubuntu from the Windows Boot menu brings me to the typical prompt which says (and I paraphrase): Trying hd(0,0) on Disk... After that the screen flickers to white (for a split second) then black. No grub menu comes up (as I would expect) no cursor, no grub sh prompt. Nothing. I've tried switching TTYs to no avail. As there are no logs, I can't trouble shoot anything. I've run a check disk from windows (on the NTFS partition the root.disk is stored) with no luck. What is causing this failure to load grub (and, by association Ubuntu) - How can I restore my setup and get Ubuntu via Wubi working?

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• FGLRX Drivers Keep Crashing | "Installation Media" reads Natty even though I'm in Precise

  - by Tom Thorogood

  I recently switched back to Ubuntu after a year or so of hardly touching my Ubuntu partition, and upgraded from Natty. Every time I start up, i get the "A problem has occurred..." popup, but it won't let me report it because Precise is not in beta. The details on the report show a segfault, and going through all the details, I notice that it lists Natty under "InstallationMedia" -- I just installed these drivers, so I'm really unsure why it's saying this. I wish I could copy this entire error report, but I see no way of doing that (is it stored somewhere in /var/log?). I'm new to the Unity interface (it's why I stopped using Ubuntu to begin with, but now that I'm getting used to it I'm liking it better). Thanks.

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• Ubuntu runs really slow on netbook

  - by Tim

  so I installed Ubuntu through Wubi in my netbook (Compaq Mini, 1.6 GHZ Atom, 1 GB RAM, 250 HDD, Windows 7 Starter) and decided to keep the original OS and run both... The thing is that, after I installed Ubuntu (really hyped: a couple of friends told me this OS was amazing, much faster and eaiser to use than Windows) and selecting it from the boot menu, I find that it runs really slow, sometimes freezing for a sec... For what I know, there must me be a partition in C:/ and a lot of HDD space for the Installation Size to make things faster, but I am sure I got those things right... Any help?? Also, why doesn't Wubi ask you for the DVD or bootable USB drive?? I'm just new in all this guys...

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• Higher screen resolution in VirtualBox?

  - by pelms

  I've just installed Ubuntu 10.04 into VirtualBox on Windows 7. Unfortunately the only options showing for screen resolution are 640x480 and 800x600 and the monitor is showing as 'Unknown'. How would I go about upping the resolution to 1280x1024 (I'm on a 1600x1200 monitor)? Update I tried mounting the VirtualBox 'Guest Additions' ISO (from the VBox 'Devices' menu) and doing sudo sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions-x86.run from the mounted drive, which gave 2 new listed resolutions after a reboot (1024x768 and the 16:9 version of that resolution). These worked when I selected them but disappeared when I switched back to another resolution. I tried rebooting and running VBoxLinuxAdditions-x86.run again but onlu the 2 low res options listed this time. I think I'm going to reinstall... Seems to be a VBox problem rather than an Ubuntu problem as after reinstalling 10.4 overwriting the original virtual partition, sudo sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions-x86.run now has no affect at all.

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• username mapped to a different account

  - by Ubuntuser

  I had 4 accounts on UBuntu 11.10. The /home folder is in a separate partition. Now, after I reinstalled Ubuntu 12.04 beta 2, I manually created the remaining 3 usernames so that it can use the existing home locations. However, after creating the users i found that the usernames have got mapped to the other home folders. For example user A got mapped to home folder of user B User B got mapped to home folder of user C User C got mapped to home folder of user A How do I change this so that the users get mapped to their correct account.

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• Running Server With minimum core OS with VM

  - by user170019

  I want to start a server but all my application will be in a virtual partition. Therefore, I need just a very minimal core OS that can support virtualbox as there will no usage of core OS other than start up the virtualbox. Any OS that is suitable for this situation? Tried JEOS and Fedora minimal installation which is only CLI. However, I cant make those 2 OS to support virtualbox. Please help. Sorry Im totally new to Unix and CLI. Thanks

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• removing ubuntu from a laptop (corrupted ubuntu)

  - by Ron

  I wanted to update my (very old) Ubuntu installation on my dual boot laptop. The other OS is win7. However, when I tried to boot into it I got: \ubuntu\winboot\wubildr.mbr cannot be loaded. Status 0xE0000000C. I assume the mbr is the master boot record for the Ubuntu installation. I looked at my C: drive and there's a WUBILDR and WUBILDR.MBR file there. Is it as simple as deleting them? ALSO, I just noticed there is no UBUNTU partition. If I delete these files and then get rid of the startup option for Ubuntu, is that all I have to do? (My goal is to have an up-to-date Ubuntu OS alongside Win 7).

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• cannot boot Ubuntu after fresh install

  - by Jonathan

  I just installed Ubuntu on a Lenovo v570, and cannot boot into the system. All I get is a loop, where some (bios) info is displayed, and then the computer asks me where I would like to boot from. I tried reinstalling, reinstalling with a custom partition scheme, and boot -repair after the install. None of these work. I can see the files on my harddisk have been copied. I have installed many Ubuntus in the past, as well other distros where custom partitioning is required. I don't know where to find any useful information since I don't even get too the grub menu. One odd thing I noticed. The bios now had options to boot USB, OpenSuse,Fedora, or the HD. I am not dual booting. I also realized that the boot info is for a network boot, which means the computer is not recognizing what to boot. It is boot an HD problem, because I can install other OSs just fine. I am completely stumped. I would like to settle this, and end up with a tutorial, that explains to me what happened.

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• Is it possible to install Ubuntu 10.10 and/or Ubuntu 11.04 on a late 2009 iMac?

  - by Oliver

  I would like to install Ubuntu on my iMac 10,1 (21.5 inch display). I would prefer to instal Natty Narwhal, but would surely settle for Maverick Meerkat (which I have a install dvd of). I have an install of OS X Snow Leopard AND a Bootcamp Partition of Windows 7. I would like to keep all these partitions and setup a triple boot system. If it can work, I'm also wondering if it'd be safe to install all updates from the update manager once it's installed. Thank you in advance. :)

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• Restoring Virtualbox machine images from old hard drive

  - by memilanuk

  I recently replaced the HDD in my laptop, and re-installed Windows & Ubuntu. Now I want to restore the various virtual machines I had set up on the old HDD, which is mounted in an external USB enclosure. I can read the HDD okay, and the 'bad' spots seemed to be in the Windows partition... but whenever I try to restore the VDI files the copy errors out. I've tried drag-n-drop in Nautilus, I've tried grsync, etc. Always bombs out on the VDI files. I've copied over multi-GB dvd iso images with no problem, but the VDI files always fail the checksums. Any ideas? TIA, Monte

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• Why not sync folders outside home with Ubuntu One?

  - by peer

  It took me a while to find out that with Ubuntu One I can sync only folders in my home folder. On all other folders the Ubuntu One option is available in preferences, but the actual actions are greyed out. The Ubuntu One FAQ is quite clear on that: No, currently you can only select to synchronize folders inside your home directory. But I actually wonder why and if this is going to change and if there is a trick around it (an other one than setting my home to /) ? I personally don't have any important data in my home folder other than the program configs. All documents, pictures, music are on a folder called /data that is actually on a different partition. That makes it much easier when one wants to reinstall Ubuntu.

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• Is it possible to power down my external via the eject button?

  - by beanaroo

  I'm trying to convert from Windows 7 to Ubuntu 12.10 with Gnome 3.6. Using the notification area's eject icon, I notice the partition is unmounted but the drive is still powered and spinning... I understand the latter can be taken care of by means of udisks --detach /dev/sdb I really don't want to have to run a command everytime I eject. Windows does the whole process when ejecting a medium via the systray. Is there a way I could add in the command to the eject button? Is there an appropriate place I could file a feature request? Little things like this are making it hard for me to swap back over to Linux. Thanks for the support!

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• Windows 7/Ubuntu 12 dual boot deleted for Windows 8 installation. How to make grub rescue go away?

  - by dimious

  I had a Windows 7/Ubuntu 12 dual boot and I decided to clean install Windows 8 over them. The problem is that after I deleted all partitions and installed windows I was getting an "Operation system not found", however after an "enter" the system will normally boot into Windows 8. I realized that Windows did their trick and put the system (not partition anymore?!?) "tag" (Disk Management) on my media hard drive. After trying to fix the boot/mbr to be able to boot from my main drive the "Operation system not found" changed to the "grub rescue" prompt. I know that I cannot use that because I have killed the grub files. Windows can still boot as long as I choose to boot from the media drive. The question is, is there any way to move the "system", whatever it is now, to the main drive and have the PC boot from there, while making grub disappear? And if that is possible after that, can I just make the Media drive inactive or I will have to somehow remove the "system" tag?

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• How to boot into Live USB/CD with UEFI on latest Vaio S series?

  - by user76528

  I am unable to boot from USB/CD into a live Ubuntu session to proceed with install. Esc or F12 didn't work and I can't seem to be able to enter the bios settings. Sony Vaio S w/ Ivy Bridge (just one month old, Insyde H2O EFI?) I have read about: creating /EFI/boot on a fat16 stick http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=12071096&postcount=2 installing rEFInd using the Alternate install CD (supposedly in order not to mess with W7 UEFI boot partition) It's pretty clear what I have to do afterwards http://askubuntu.com/a/157062 but I am at loss on how to simply boot into a Live Session then install. Thank you

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• bootloader install failed

  - by user211860

  I have lenovo u510 with windows 8. This ultrabook has 24GB SSD and I tried to install Ubuntu 12.04.3 in it. I changed bios from UEFI to legacy and I used a LiveDVD. I created a 17GB partition when I was in windows from this SSD and I tried both manualy or with the "install alongside" but was allways without success because bootloader install failed and was unable to install GRUB. I tried also to use the "recommended repair" from Boot-Repair but it says that my laptop can only with UEFI boot. I changed it but the same thing happens my laptop boot in windows 8.

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• My Hard Disk Drive is not visible until I use it

  - by Matthew

  So, suddenly something went wrong. At the beggining of my Ubuntu usage it was all right, but from about 2-4 weeks I've got this problem: Whenever I try to reach my HDD, i have to open it first by files explorer. Example: I use text editor. Last file fails to load, so I got to open it manually. It's in bookmarked file. I want to reach my bookmark, which is on HDD(partition for both Ubuntu and Windows , NTFS). If i want to reach my bookmark, i have to go there manually(or at least to HDD, then bookmarks pops up). It also doesn't appear at my side bar until i use it. It kinda looks like it wasn't mounted till then, I don't know. It would be nice if I could deal with it, let's say, automatically. Thanks in advance.

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• License validation and calling home

  - by VitalyB

  I am developing an application that, when bought, can be activated using a license. Currently I am doing offline validation which is a bit troubling to me. I am aware there is nothing to do against cracks (i.e modified binaries), however, I am thinking to trying to discourage license-key pirating. Here is my current plan: When the user activates the software and after offline validation is successful, it tries to call home and validate the license. If home approves of the license or if home is unreachable, or if the user is offline, the license gets approved. If home is reached and tells the license is invalid, validation fails. Licensed application calls home the same way every time during startup (in background). If license is revoked (i.e pirated license or generated via keygen), the license get deactivated. This should help with piracy of licenses - An invalid license will be disabled and a valid license that was pirated can be revoked (and its legal owner supplied with new license). Pirate-users will be forced to use cracked version which are usually version specific and harder to reach. While it generally sounds good to me, I have some concerns: Users tend to not like home-calling and online validation. Would that kind of validation bother you? Even though in case of offline/failure the application stays licensed? It is clear that the whole scheme can be thwarted by going offline/firewall/etc. I think that the bother to do one of these is great enough to discourage casual license sharing, but I am not sure. As it goes in general with licensing and DRM variations, I am not sure the time I spend on that kind of protection isn't better spent by improving my product. I'd appreciate your input and thoughts. Thanks!

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• Can't mount external hard drive

  - by tezza

  i have a problem accessing the data on my external hard drive. I recently did a fresh install but mistakenly left my external hard drive plugged in. When I tried to access the data on the external HDD, it says "no files" but recognizes that there is 290 GiB of data on it. The HDD is 350GB big. I checked the drive with Disk Utility and it showed that the hard drive had a bootable flag. So, in the edit partition, I unchecked this bootablity. Now it won't mount in Ubuntu and now my XP can't recognize it at all, whereas I could access the data on the XP machine before. In disk utility, it doesn't give me the option to check the bootable box in again and I can't access the data on XP either. Any ideas on how to fix it?

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• Fail to load Ubuntu11.10 onto ASUS PC 1015PX

  - by strugglingbadly

  My new ASUS 1015PX has the usual windows on the SDA1 partition - 100Gb, followed by SDA2 - 15Gb - with the recovery for windows, SDA3 with 183Gb for drive 'D' for windows. ASUS uses SDA4 - 19Mb for it's own use. 11.10 on an USB will load Ubuntu on a try basis and it seems OK, but every time I attempt an install, Ubuntu quickly shuts down and the restart process begins. Repeat endlessly. I've tried 10.4 netbook but that will not boot at all with the machine reporting - unknown keyword in config file gfxboot vesamenu.c32: not a COM32R image. I've gone through the above about 6 times each with the same results. I have also tried the above with the partitioning unchanged, and using gparted, with SDA3 formatted to ext4, windows 'D' reduced to 8Gb providing a 175Gb unallocated space - all to no avail. Please help

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• Ubuntu 12.04 wont install on Macbook

  - by user92325

  I've installed Ubuntu on my Macbook before but something went wrong with the updater. So, I had to backup my HDD and format it and reinstall OS X Lion. But here's the thing: Ever since I re-installed my OS I've been trying to get Ubuntu back on the HDD. I partitioned it to 40 GB and set the file system to Ext4. I also recently created a swap partition too and it seems to install correctly. After i installed rEFIt it just has this cute little penguin sitting there. I rebooted and tried to go back to Ubuntu and the penguin still shows up but this time a black screen pops up and it asks me to insert a bootable device and press any key. I'm not sure why this is happening. This is probably the 5th time I've tried to install it. I've even used a different Ubuntu ISO but it still won't boot after the installation.

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• Mounting ddrescue image after recovery (in over my head)

  - by BorgDomination

  I'm having problems mounting the recovery image. I've tried to mount the image multiple ways. quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo mount -t ext4 /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img /mnt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo mount -r -o loop /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img recover mount: you must specify the filesystem type quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo mount /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img mnt mount: you must specify the filesystem type It doesn't even give me detailed information on the file I just made, nautilus says it's 160gb. quark@DS9 ~ $ file /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img: data quark@DS9 ~ $ mmls /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img Cannot determine partition type I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong or if I started this process incorrectly from the beginning. I've outlined what I've done so far below. I'm clueless, I'd appreciate if someone had some input for me. What I have done from the beginning My laptop has two hard drives. One has the dual boot Win7 / Linux Mint system files. Secondary one contained my /home folder. The laptop was jarred and the /home disk was broken. I tried a LiveCD recovery, it failed. Wouldn't even load a Live session with the disk installed. So I turned to ddrescue. quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009fc18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 112642047 56320000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 138033152 312580095 87273472 83 Linux /dev/sda3 112644094 138033151 12694529 5 Extended /dev/sda5 112644096 132173823 9764864 83 Linux /dev/sda6 132175872 138033151 2928640 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdb: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002a8ea Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 312576704 156288321 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xed6d054b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 1953520064 976760001 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT sda - 160g internal, holds all system files and all computer functions. sdb - 160g internal, BROKEN, contains about 140g of data I'd like to recover. sdc - 1T external, contains recovery image. Only place that has space to do all this. From this site, https://apps.education.ucsb.edu/wiki/Ddrescue I used this script to create an image of the broken hard drive. I changed the destination to the external USB drive. #!/bin/sh prt=sdb1 src=/dev/$prt dst=/media/jump1/1recover/$prt.img log=$dst.log sudo time ddrescue --no-split $src $dst $log sudo time ddrescue --direct --max-retries=3 $src $dst $log sudo time ddrescue --direct --retrim --max-retries=3 $src $dst $log Everything looked like it came off without a hitch: quark@DS9 ~ $ sudo bash recover1 Press Ctrl-C to interrupt Initial status (read from logfile) rescued: 0 B, errsize: 0 B, errors: 0 Current status rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 4096 B, current rate: 35588 B/s ipos: 3584 B, errors: 1, average rate: 22859 kB/s opos: 3584 B, time from last successful read: 0 s Finished 12.78user 1060.42system 1:56:41elapsed 15%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4944maxresident)k 312580958inputs+0outputs (1major+601minor)pagefaults 0swaps Press Ctrl-C to interrupt Initial status (read from logfile) rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 4096 B, errors: 1 Current status rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 1024 B, current rate: 0 B/s ipos: 1536 B, errors: 1, average rate: 13 B/s opos: 1536 B, time from last successful read: 1.3 m Finished 0.00user 0.00system 3:43.95elapsed 0%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4944maxresident)k 238inputs+0outputs (3major+374minor)pagefaults 0swaps Press Ctrl-C to interrupt Initial status (read from logfile) rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 1024 B, errors: 1 Current status rescued: 160039 MB, errsize: 1024 B, current rate: 0 B/s ipos: 1536 B, errors: 1, average rate: 0 B/s opos: 1536 B, time from last successful read: 3.7 m Finished 0.00user 0.00system 3:43.56elapsed 0%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 4944maxresident)k 8inputs+0outputs (0major+376minor)pagefaults 0swaps It looks like, from where I'm standing it worked perfectly. Here's the log: # Rescue Logfile. Created by GNU ddrescue version 1.14 # Command line: ddrescue --direct --retrim --max-retries=3 /dev/sdb1 /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img /media/jump1/1recover/sdb1.img.log # current_pos current_status 0x00000600 + # pos size status 0x00000000 0x00000400 + 0x00000400 0x00000400 - 0x00000800 0x254314FC00 + I'm not sure how to proceed. Does this mean all of my data is lost???????? Appreciate ANY input!

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• HP dv2700 series, Wifi not working in Ubuntu 12.10, Wifi Button always disabled

  - by Chicoscience

  I have a HP dv2745se laptop. I always had Ubuntu with the Native Windows Vista and Wifi worked fine. Suddenly my Ubuntu wouldn't load anymore, I tried fixing it for a week and eventually I formatted its partition and just installed Ubuntu 12.10 This laptop has a Wifi switch that works fine in Vista disabling / enabling the wireless connection. HP Wireless Assistant in Windows say Wireless is on. However, whenever I log in Ubuntu the Wifi button is always orange (disabled) and Wireless never works. I had this problem once when I had Ubuntu 12.04 and I fixed it by verifying in Windows that the Wireless Assistant showed the Wireless LAN in "On" mode. However, the same does not work now. I've seen some possible solutions that involve updating the firmware with apt-get. There comes my 2nd problem, my network adapter card is not working and thus I have no internet at all. Any suggestions? Thanks!

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