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• Python: avoiding fraction simplification

  - by Anthony Labarre

  Hi all, I'm working on a music app' in Python and would like to use the fractions module to handle time signatures amongst other things. My problem is that fractions get simplified, i.e.: >>> from fractions import Fraction >>> x = Fraction(4, 4) >>> x Fraction(1, 1) However, it is important from a musical point of view that 4/4 stays 4/4 even though it equals 1. Is there any built-in way to avoid that behaviour? Thanks!

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• Python - Things I shouldn't be doing?

  - by cornjuliox

  I've got a few questions about best practices in Python. Not too long ago I would do something like this with my code: ... junk_block = "".join(open("foo.txt","rb").read().split()) ... I don't do this anymore because I can see that it makes code harder to read, but would the code run slower if I split the statements up like so: f_obj = open("foo.txt", "rb") f_data = f_obj.read() f_data_list = f_data.split() junk_block = "".join(f_data_list) I also noticed that there's nothing keeping you from doing an 'import' within a function block, is there any reason why I should do that?

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• Visual Studio Optimizations

  - by lomaxx

  Visual studio is a pretty awesome IDE, but sometimes you just wish it would go faster. I was wondering if people have any tips or tricks to help speed up visual studio in day to day use. Things that I'm particularly interested in are speeding up build times and switching aspx files from source to design view seem to bring it to a grinding halt. Having said that, I'd be keen to hear anything that anyone uses to make VS run that little bit faster. Edit: Merged answers from related question, covering VS2008SP1. Please include any optimisations specific to the latest IDE.

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• Python code that needs some overview

  - by fabio

  Hi guys, im currently learning python (in the very begining), so I still have some doubts about good code manners and how should I proceed with it. Today I created this code that should random trought 01 to 60 (but is running from 01 to 69) import random dez = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6'] uni = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'] sort = [] while len(sort) <= 5: random.shuffle(dez) random.shuffle(uni) w = random.choice(dez) z = random.choice(uni) chosen = str(w) + str(z) if chosen != "00" and chosen not in sort: sort.append(chosen) print chosen I'm also in doubt how to make the code stop at "60".

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• syntax error in python:

  - by pecker

  Hello, I'm learning python. It gives syntax error in this script. I'm unable to figure out. import exceptions class FOUND(Exception): pass x = [1,2,3,4,56,73,29,35,12,32,63,12,76,75,89] while True: test = int(raw_input('Enter integer to be checked in list:')) try: count = -1 for y in x: count += 1 if y == test: raise FOUND except ValueError,e: print "Not a valid integer (%d)"%(e) except FOUND: print "Found (%d) at (%d)"%(test,count) else: print "Not found ,Appending (%d) to list at location (%d)"%(test,count+1) x.append(test) finally: print "The List:" print x print " " Invalid syntax & it highlights comma in this line: 'except ValueError,e:'

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• C++ snippet support in visual studio?

  - by Jeremy Bell

  I'm writing code in native C++ (not C++/CLR). I know that there is no built-in support for C++ with regards to the snippet manager and snipper picker interfaces, however I found a utility called "snippy" which supposedly can generate C++ snippets. Here is a c++ snippet that the program generated: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <CodeSnippets xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/2005/CodeSnippet"> <CodeSnippet Format="1.0.0"> <Header> <Title>MySnippet</Title> <Shortcut>MySnippet</Shortcut> <Description>Just a test snippet</Description> <Author>Me</Author> <SnippetTypes> <SnippetType>Expansion</SnippetType> </SnippetTypes> </Header> <Snippet> <Declarations> <Literal Editable="true"> <ID>literal1</ID> <ToolTip>just a placeholder</ToolTip> <Default> </Default> <Function> </Function> </Literal> </Declarations> <Code Language="cpp"><![CDATA[cout << "$literal1$" << std::endl;]]></Code> </Snippet> </CodeSnippet> </CodeSnippets> If there is support in visual C++, even in a limited capacity, for C++ snippets, how do I add them to my environment, and what are the limitations? All I need is support for basic expansion snippets that I can invoke by typing a shortcut and hitting tab, and which supports basic literals that I can tab through (basically, if it supports the above snippet, I'm good). If this can't be done, are there any free add-ons or extensions to visual studio that support snippets for C++? I'm using both visual studio 2010 and 2008, but I mostly write code in 2010 right now.

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• Complicated parsing in python

  - by Quazi Farhan

  I have a weird parsing problem with python. I need to parse the following text. Here I need only the section between(not including) "pre" tag and column of numbers (starting with 205 4 164). I have several pages in this format. <html> <pre> A Short Study of Notation Efficiency CACM August, 1960 Smith Jr., H. J. CA600802 JB March 20, 1978 9:02 PM 205 4 164 210 4 164 214 4 164 642 4 164 1 5 164 </pre> </html>

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• Reading a triangle of numbers into a 2d array of ints in Python

  - by Gabriel Silk

  I want to read a triangle of integer values from a file into a 2D array of ints using Python. The numbers would look like this: 75 95 64 17 47 82 18 35 87 10 20 04 82 47 65 ... The code I have so far is as follows: f = open('problem18.input', 'r') arr = [] for i in range(0, 15): arr.append([]) str = f.readline() a = str.split(' ') for tok in a: arr[i].append(int(tok[:2])) print arr I have a feeling this could be done in a tighter, more Pythonesque way. How would you do it?

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• How to use OpenCV in Python?

  - by Roman

  I have just installed OpenCV on my Windows 7 machine. As a result I get a new directory: C:\OpenCV2.2\Python2.7\Lib\site-packages In this directory I have two files: cv.lib and cv.pyd. Then I try to use the opencv from Python. I do the following: import sys sys.path.append('C:\OpenCV2.2\Python2.7\Lib\site-packages') import cv As a result I get the following error message: File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found. What am I doing wrong? ADDED As it was recommended here, I have copied content of C:\OpenCV2.0\Python2.6\Lib\site-packages to the C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages. It did not help.

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• Automatic logout in python web app

  - by Ali

  I have a web application in python wherein the user submits their email and password. These values are compared to values stored in a mysql database. If successful, the script generates a session id, stores it next to the email in the database and sets a cookie with the session id, with allows the user to interact with other parts of the sight. When the user clicks logout, the script erases the session id from the database and deletes the cookie. The cookie expires after 5 hours. My concern is that if the user doesnt log out, and the cookie expires, the script will force him to login, but if he has copied the session id from before, it can still be validated. How do i automatically delete the session id from the mysql database after 5 hours?

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• Problem about python import with error

  - by xiao

  Hello, I have write a small python module with one class and two functions. The skeleton of the module is as following: #file name: test_module.py class TestClass: @classmethod def method1(cls, param1): #to do something pass def __init__(self, param1): #to do something ... def fun1(*params): #to do something ... def fun2(*params): #to do something ... Another py file is a small script which imports function and class from the module, as following: import sys from test_module import TestClass, fun1, fun2 def main(sys_argv): li = range(5) inst1 = TestClass(li) fun1(inst1) fun2(inst1) return if __name__ == "__main__": main(sys.argv) But when I execute the script, it is broken with following message: ./script.py: line 4: syntax error near unexpected token `(' ./script.py: line 4: `def main(sys_argv):' I am not sure what the problem is. Is it a problem with import? But when I try to import the module in ipython, everything is just ok.

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• Load JSON in Python as header character set

  - by mridang

  Hi everyone, I've always found character sets and encodings complicated to understand and here I'm faced with another problem. My apologies for any inaccuracies. I'll do my best. I'm requesting data from a server which returns JSON. In the HTTP headers it also returns the character set like so: Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 I'm using the JSON library in Python to load the JSON using the json.loads method. When I pass it the returned JSON, it gives me a dictionary in Unicode. I've Googled around and I know that JSON should return Unicode as JavaScript strings are Unicode objects. How can I load the JSON as UTF-8? I would like to use the same encoding as specified in the response header. I've read this post but it didn't help. Thank you.

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• Parsing files with python

  - by iHeartDucks

  My input file is going to be something like this key "value" key "value" ... the above lines repeat What I do is read the file contents, populate an object with the data and return it. There are only a set number of keys that can be present in the file. Since I am a beginner in python, I feel that my code to read the file is not that good My code is something like this ObjInstance = CustomClass() fields = ['key1', 'key2', 'key3'] for field in fields: for line in f: if line.find(field) >= 0: if pgn_field == 'key1': objInstance.DataOne = get_value_using_re(line) elif pgn_field == 'key2': objInstance.DataTwo = get_value_using_re(line) return objInstance; The function "get_value_using_re" is very simple, it looks for a string in between the double quotes and returns it. I fear that I will have multiple if elif statements and I don't know if this is the right way or not. Am I doing the right thing here?

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• How to disable UAC in visual stuio 2010?

  - by Sein Kraft

  How to diable UAC in Visual Studio 2010 to run the compiled app without problems and witout using virtualization?

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• Python: Elegant way to check if at least one regex in list matches a string

  - by houbysoft

  Hi. I have a list of regexes in python, and a string. Is there an elegant way to check if the at least one regex in the list matches the string? By elegant, I mean something better than simply looping through all of the regexes and checking them against the string and stopping if a match is found. Basically, I had this code: list = ['something','another','thing','hello'] string = 'hi' if string in list: pass # do something else: pass # do something else Now I would like to have some regular expressions in the list, rather than just strings, and I am wondering if there is an elegant solution to check for a match to replace if string in list:. Thanks in advance.

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• Python namespace in between builtins and global?

  - by Paul

  Hello, As I understand it python has the following outermost namespaces: Builtin - This namespace is global across the entire interpreter and all scripts running within an interpreter instance. Globals - This namespace is global across a module, ie across a single file. I am looking for a namespace in between these two, where I can share a few variables declared within the main script to modules called by it. For example, script.py: import Log from Log import foo from foo log = Log() foo() foo.py: def foo(): log.Log('test') # I want this to refer to the callers log object I want to be able to call script.py multiple times and in each case, expose the module level log object to the foo method. Any ideas if this is possible? It won't be too painful to pass down the log object, but I am working with a large chunk of code that has been ported from Javascript. I also understand that this places constraints on the caller of foo to expose its log object. Thanks, Paul

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• Building a minimal plugin architecture in Python.

  - by dF

  I have an application, written in Python, which is used by a fairly technical audience (scientists). I'm looking for a good way to make the application extensible by the users, i.e. a scripting/plugin architecture. I am looking for something extremely lightweight. Most scripts, or plugins, are not going to be developed and distributed by a third-party and installed, but are going to be something whipped up by a user in a few minutes to automate a repeating task, add support for a file format, etc. So plugins should have the absolute minimum boilerplate code, and require no 'installation' other than copying to a folder (so something like setuptools entry points, or the Zope plugin architecture seems like too much.) Are there any systems like this already out there, or any projects that implement a similar scheme that I should look at for ideas / inspiration?

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• python: list modules within the package

  - by ak

  I have a package with a few modules, each module has a class (or a few classes) defined within it. I need to get the list of all modules within the package. Is there an API for this in python? Here is the file structure: \pkg\ \pkg\__init__.py \pkg\module1.py -> defines Class1 \pkg\module2.py -> defines Class2 \pkg\module3.py -> defines Class3 and Class31 from within module1 I need to get the list of modules within pkg, and then import all the classes defined in these modules Thanks ak

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• Changing folder names in Visual Studio when using SVN

  - by Piers Myers

  I am using VS2008/VS2010 with Resharper 5, TortoiseSVN 1.6.8.19260-x64, and AnkhSVN 2.1.8420.8. Most operations I do in Visual Studio are reflected fine in SVN, however, renaming folders in a project can cause problems when I try to submit my changes. Also all the namespaces in the C# source files under the renamed folder need to be updated to reflect the name change. What is the best way to rename the main project folder or any sub folders and ensure there are no issues with SVN? Should it be done outside Visual Studio? What is the best way to update all the namespace changes? Is search/replace the only way? Are there any best practices regarding folder names and their contents?

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• Problem with Classes in Python..

  - by Gui

  Ok guys, I'm really new at python (and programming itself) so sorry for my ignorance, but I really needed to ask this. So im doing a wxPython project where I added several tabs for a notebook (each tab of the notebook = a class) and there is one tab where I added a checkbox (in a tab, lets call it for example Tab1), and what I want is that when someone checks it, a button that exists in other tab (class called for example tab2) gets hidden where previously it was being shown. Well I see that it isn't hard to accomplish this, but my problem is the classes (tab1 and tab2, in this example). I've been trying to figure it out by searching but I guess im not searching hard enough because I just can't get it right. If they were in the same class I wouldn't have a problem, but as they are in different classes, im having a huge struggle with this. Hope someone can help me, and sorry for my ignorance once again.

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• sampling integers uniformly efficiently in python using numpy/scipy

  - by user248237

  I have a problem where depending on the result of a random coin flip, I have to sample a random starting position from a string. If the sampling of this random position is uniform over the string, I thought of two approaches to do it: one using multinomial from numpy.random, the other using the simple randint function of Python standard lib. I tested this as follows: from numpy import * from numpy.random import multinomial from random import randint import time def use_multinomial(length, num_points): probs = ones(length)/float(length) for n in range(num_points): result = multinomial(1, probs) def use_rand(length, num_points): for n in range(num_points): rand(1, length) def main(): length = 1700 num_points = 50000 t1 = time.time() use_multinomial(length, num_points) t2 = time.time() print "Multinomial took: %s seconds" %(t2 - t1) t1 = time.time() use_rand(length, num_points) t2 = time.time() print "Rand took: %s seconds" %(t2 - t1) if __name__ == '__main__': main() The output is: Multinomial took: 6.58072400093 seconds Rand took: 2.35189199448 seconds it seems like randint is faster, but it still seems very slow to me. Is there a vectorized way to get this to be much faster, using numpy or scipy? thanks.

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• Load JSON in Python as header chracterset

  - by mridang

  Hi everyone, I've always found character-sets and encodings complicated to understand and here I'm faced with another problem. My apologies for any inaccuracies. I'll do my best. I'm requesting data from a server which returns JSON. In the HTTP headers it also returns the character.set like so: Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 I'm using the JSON library in python to load the JSON using the json.loads method. When I pass it the returned JSON, it gives me a dictionary in Unicode. I've Googled around and I know that JSON should return Unicode as JavaScript strings are Unicode objects. How can I load the JSON as UTF-8. I would like to use the same encoding as specified in the response header. I've read this post but it didn't help. Thank you.

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• Testing with Unittest Python

  - by chrissygormley

  Hello, I am runninig test's with Python Unittest. I am running tests but I want to do negative testing and I would like to test if a function throw's an exception, it passes but if no exception is thrown the test fail's. The script I have is: try: result = self.client.service.GetStreamUri(self.stream, self.token) self.assertFalse except suds.WebFault, e: self.assertTrue else: self.assertTrue This alway's passes as True even when the function work's perfectly. I have also tried various other way's including: try: result = self.client.service.GetStreamUri(self.stream, self.token) self.assertFalse except suds.WebFault, e: self.assertTrue except Exception, e: self.assertTrue Does anyone have any suggestions? Thanks

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• A Python IDE with Debugging and iPython Integration?

  - by skibum1981

  Does anyone know of a python IDE that has iPython as the interpreter? Using the standard interpreter just drives me nuts, as I've just grown to love using iPython and all the features it provides. To be honest, I'd rather code with a simple text editor + ipython than an IDE, but I love being able to set breakpoints with a click of a mouse, etc., so I'd like to combine both. Sorry if there's something out there and this is common knowledge. Any information/tips you can provide is GREATLY appreciated. Thanks!

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• erroneous Visual C float / double conversion?

  - by RED SOFT ADAIR

  In Visual C++ i wrote the following sample in a C++ program: float f1 = 42.48f; double d1 = 42.48; double d2 = f1; I compiled the program with Visual Studio 2005. In the debugger i see the following values: f1 42.480000 float d1 42.479999999999997 double d2 42.479999542236328 double d1 by my knowledege is OK, but d2 is wrong. The problem occurs as well with /fp=precise as with /fp=strict as with /fp=fast. Whats the problem here? Any hint how to avoid this Problem? This leads to serious numerical problems.

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