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• Monitor the shell activity of a user on your Unix system?

  - by Joseph Turian

  Trust, but verify. Let's say I want to hire someone a sysadmin, and give them root access to my Unix system. I want to disable X windows for them, only allow shell usage (through SSH, maybe), so that all operations they perform will be through the shell (not mouse operations). I need a tool that will log to a remote server all commands they issue, as they issue them. So even if they install a back door and cover their tracks, that will be logged remotely. How do I disable everything but shell access? Is there a tool for instantaneously remotely logging commands as they are issued?

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• Where is the best location to keep shared-developer website files in the linux hierarchy?

  - by Tchalvak

  I just started hosting files for a website on my server, and I'm not sure where is an appropriate place to keep them. At the moment, I have them in /var/www/name.of.virtualhost.site/www/. That's obviously not secure because anything below the final public /www/ folder is also available since the /var/www/ contents are already being served up. For example, /var/www/name.of.virtualhost.site/docs/site_policies.txt is accessible via something like defaultsite.com/name.of.virtualhost.site/docs/site_policies.txt. So where is a good place to store the files that make up a website? (when it's a site that only I'm developing, I can obviously just stick them in /home/my_username/sites/name.of.virtualhost.site/, but that doesn't work well when I want other developers to be working on the site's files as well) I'm running a LAMP stack, not that I expect it to matter.

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• Get IP network range after reverse DNS?

  - by Max

  For analytics purposes, I'm looking at large sets of IP addresses in server log files. I'm trying to perform reverse-DNS lookups to understand where traffic is coming from - e.g. what percentage of IPs resolve to corporations, schools, government, international etc. Despite a bunch of optimizations, individually reverse-DNS'ing every IP address still appears to be fairly expensive though. So - is there any way to obtain an entire range of IPs from a reverse-DNS? If yes, this could greatly reduce the number of actual reverse-DNS lookups. Example (numbers slightly obfuscated): Log file contains a request from an IP 128.151.162.17 Reverse DNS resolves to 11.142.152.128.in-addr.arpa 21599 IN PTR alamo.ceas.rochester.edu (So this is a visitor from Rochester University, rochester.edu) Now, would it be safe to assume that all at least all IPs from 128.151.162.* will also resolve to rochester.edu? What about 128.151.*.*? Is there a way to get the exact IP range?

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• Setting multiple Apache2 VirtualHosts with the same DocumentRoot?

  - by sobi3ch

  I'm trying to accomplish something like this DocumentRoot /www/_offline.com <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example1.com ServerAlias www.example1.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example2.com ServerAlias www.example2.com DocumentRoot /www/_offline.com </VirtualHost> Is it possible to have ONE documentRoot for different domains? VirtualHost configuration: wildcard NameVirtualHosts and _default_ servers: *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server localhost (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost localhost (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost aa.atd (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/all-phoenix-domains:2) port 80 namevhost atd.atd (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/all-phoenix-domains:13) port 80 namevhost test (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/test:1) Syntax OK

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• Why does my allow_url_include not work?

  - by autthapone

  Server Information: CentOS 5.7 (Final), PHP Version 5.2.6, Apache/2.2.3 I edit in /etc/php.ini change to allow_url_include = On. Then restart apache. I see configuration on phpinfo() file, but allow_url_include not changed. It's Off yet. Help me, please. My Setting. - http://postimage.org/image/aliuyb9a3/ My phpinfo - http://postimage.org/image/tlsu18b1h/ I can't find other php.ini file. upload_max_filesize also not changed :-( but max_execution_time and memory_limit is changed. Everyone, if issue can't solving now, please guide me about repair/re-install PHP on CentOS.

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• How to use iSCSI inside HyperV VM?

  - by William

  I have 2 Dell R710 servers (intended to set up HyperV cluster) and a MD3000i SAN set up: Server1/Server2: NIC 1: connected to company LAN NIC 2: crossover to the other server's NIC 2 NIC 3: crossover to iSCSI port of SAN controller 1 NIC 4: crossover to iSCSI port of SAN controller 2 I have both servers setup as diskless servers with iSCSI boot from SAN without problem. But how can I access iSCSI from within the VM such that I can set up clustering inbetween the VMs? I can ping from the host to the SAN but found that NIC3/4 cannot be used for virtual network in HyperV? What am I doing wrong?

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• Apache2 alias in virtual host

  - by 0x7c00

  I have multiple virtual host in one server and plan to has some alias setup in one virtualhost. So I add the Alias /foo/ /path/to/foo/ in virtualhost directive,but it has no effect. request of host1/foo/ will return 404. But if I add this to /etc/apache2/mods-available/alias.conf, it works. But the problem is host2 will also share this alias. Is there a way to make the alias work only for host1? B.T.W, I use apache2ctl -l, there's no mod_alias.c listed, weird.

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• How to change aging AD password while connected over VPN from Mac

  - by Franek Kuciapa

  I am connecting to the office from mac via VPN, Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client. I do not know what to do when my AD password on the firm side will age and approach expiration to ensure that my Mac and VPN continue to work afterwards. Is the proper thing to do in this case to connect via VPN and then change the password on Mac via System Preferences, Users & Groups? Will this update the AD on the server side? Will it sync the PointSec as well that is running on the Mac? Or is a better procedure to RDP to a Windows box while connected over VPN and change the password there hoping the Mac will somehow sync up ?? Running Mountain Lion on the Mac.

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• How do I find out original ./configure compile time directives for Apache?

  - by evilknot

  I've inherited an abandoned server, and I need to upgrade Apache/OpenSSL. No one knows the original configure options that were used to compile it, and the original admin is long gone. PHP is not compiled in, so phpinfo()'s out. http -l and httpd -V do some good, but not enough to rebuild all of the ./configure line. I need to get all of the arguments that were used to build it including the "enable" parameters,etc.. Where does phpinfo() get this from? Is there another way to find it? Thanks!

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• How can i get more user debug logging related to kerberos for alfresco?

  - by Maarten

  I am running alfresco community edition 3.4c on a debian linux. I have problems getting the kerberos authentication in order. The biggest problem is that do not seem to have any sort of user logs. what i am using already: log4j.logger.org.alfresco.web.app.servlet.KerberosAuthenticationFilter=debug log4j.logger.org.alfresco.repo.webdav.auth.KerberosAuthenticationFilter=debug log4j.logger.org.alfresco.smb.protocol=debug log4j.logger.org.alfresco.fileserver=debug I've also checked if the users actually reach the server, and they do, (also on a linux firefox outside of domain, i seem to be able to log in). Can anyone help me get more user logging?

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• configure cisco catalyst 3560g with an egress uplink

  - by imaginative

  Currently my setup has our egress uplink connected directly to an external interface on a linux router/firewall/nat gateway. Since the linux box is a single point of failure, I've since setup two openbsd boxes using carp+pf+pfsync in order to gain some additional redundancy. the problem is, I only have one egress uplink (it's still a single point of failure) but need to get it to speak to the active carp node in my openbsd cluster which will server as my new router/firewall/nat cluster. Is there anything specific I need to do on a 3560G in order for me to be able to: 1) Drop the egress uplink into a port 2) Drop one link from the switch to a firewall 2) Drop a second link from a switch to the firewall This is so if one box dies, the other still has the egress link to the switch. Is putting them into one VLAN enough? Anything else that needs to go into the configuration for this setup to work?

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• IIS7 Custom ASP.NET Errors

  - by Nathan

  I'm trying to setup a custom error page for the IIS 7 404.13 (Content length too large) error. Here's the relevant sections of my web.config file: <system.webServer> <httpErrors errorMode="Custom" existingResponse="Replace"> <remove statusCode="404" subStatusCode="13" /> <error statusCode="404" subStatusCode="13" prefixLanguageFilePath="" path="/FileUpload/Test.aspx" responseMode="ExecuteURL" /> </httpErrors> <security> <requestFiltering> <requestLimits maxAllowedContentLength="10240" /> </requestFiltering> </security> </system.webServer> The response that is being sent back to the server is blank. The Test.aspx file is not blank. Any idea what's going on here?

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• Recommendation for email setup for programatically sending lots of emails

  - by jcmoney

  To clarify I have an app that notifies users via email when certain actions take place (I am not spamming as the user has opted in to the notifications and can change that option at any time). Because of number of emails that needs to be sent, Gmail, Yahoo, etc will not work. Unless I am mistaken services like MailChimp, Lyris, etc will also not fit this need since every email is sent one at a time and is very specific to the user and action that took place. What I really want is something that would allow me to be able to call some mail function, give it a recipient, from, message and subject, and not have it be blocked by the email service. This can be a free or paid service. I have server access so I can install something if necessary as well but I don't know much about email services and fear if I do it myself, I'll get blocked by some other player like my VPS host or ISP or something.

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• Remote monitoring with screen capture

  - by Anonymous

  Is there anyway i can perodically take screenshots of a remote computer using nagios? I am experimenting with Nagios, and i am trying to explore different monitoring. So my question is apart from using nagios to monitor cpu usage, bandwidth utilization, uptime etc.. can i monitor my worker's productivity by checking what is he doing on his computer in a form of image output. Being able to monitor processes would not be of much help to me, as i only know if he or she is running firefox.exe for example he maybe using excessive use of firefox for facebook or other stuff but he claims he is troubleshooting and looking for solutions on forums. I saw a check_vnc script but i am unable to install the requsite vnc server anyone succesfully tried the vnc script care to share how to go about it? If not anyother way to try this?

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• Migrated Virtual Machine Shows Up in Both Datastores

  - by Backstage

  Hi, We're using Vsphere client 4.0.0 Build 208111 with Virtual Center Server same version and same build. I have one vm with only one disk that is shown on 2 different datastores. If I look through VMs and Templates I see only 1 vm. If I look through Datastores screen, I see it in datastore-002 and datastore-003. If I go to settings of the virtual machine on datastore-002 and check the disk, I see the path as datastore-003. How can I fix this ?

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• S3200SH error 5220 every boot (CMOS/NVRAM Cleared by jumper)

  - by TechAUmNu

  I have a S3200SH Intel server board with a Intel Xeon 3220 Quad Core. Every time I boot it, I get error 5220 (CMOS/NVRAM Cleared by jumper). The jumper is not installed and I have replaced the lithium battery. The board overheated once, although still seems to work fine apart from this error. Also if I leave the board sitting in the bios for a while it sometimes randomly turns off, with all 4 diagnostic LED's red. I have moved the 2GB DIMM to another slot, which seems to have fixed this problem. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated.

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• How to run node.js app on port 80? Are processes blocking my port?

  - by Lucas

  I believe the port 80 on my remote instance is blocked, and I am trying to run a node.js app using port 80. I have experimented with ports 3000 and 3002, and both ports are working fine, but I get an error when running on port 80. I suspect port 80 is blocked from my output of netstat -an below, but how can I find the process id's of the addresses that are blocking port 80 below? [lucas@ecoinstance]~/node/nodetest1$ netstat -an Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 127.0.0.1:51108 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:51106 127.0.0.1:27017 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 127.0.0.1:51106 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:51107 127.0.0.1:27017 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.240.241.116:3002 174.61.171.61:36583 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 127.0.0.1:51109 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.240.241.116:42423 169.254.169.254:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:51108 127.0.0.1:27017 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 532 10.240.241.116:22 174.61.171.61:56824 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 127.0.0.1:51107 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.240.241.116:42412 169.254.169.254:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:51109 127.0.0.1:27017 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:51105 127.0.0.1:27017 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.240.241.116:42422 169.254.169.254:80 TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 127.0.0.1:51105 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:49948 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 10.240.241.116:123 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:123 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:123 0.0.0.0:* udp6 0 0 :::12151 :::* udp6 0 0 :::123 :::* Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 405680 /tmp/ssh-KdkxJfFLpKTC/agent.22 813 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 408230 /tmp/ssh-ofUeNNEwAqtP/agent.22 243 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 416227 /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] SEQPACKET LISTENING 3692 /run/udev/control unix 7 [ ] DGRAM 5286 /dev/log unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5318 /var/run/acpid.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16170 /tmp//tmux-1000/default unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 414450 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socke And here is the log when trying to run on port 80 with node.js: [lucas@ecoinstance]~/node/nodetest1$ npm start > [email protected] start /home/lucas/node/nodetest1 > node ./bin/www events.js:72 throw er; // Unhandled 'error' event ^ Error: listen EACCES at errnoException (net.js:904:11) at Server._listen2 (net.js:1023:19) at listen (net.js:1064:10) at Server.listen (net.js:1138:5) at Function.app.listen (/home/lucas/node/nodetest1/node_modules/express/lib/applicati on.js:532:24) at Object.<anonymous> (/home/lucas/node/nodetest1/bin/www:7:18) at Module._compile (module.js:456:26) at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10) at Module.load (module.js:356:32) at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12) npm ERR! [email protected] start: `node ./bin/www` npm ERR! Exit status 8 npm ERR! npm ERR! Failed at the [email protected] start script. npm ERR! This is most likely a problem with the nodetest1 package, npm ERR! not with npm itself. npm ERR! Tell the author that this fails on your system: npm ERR! node ./bin/www npm ERR! You can get their info via: npm ERR! npm owner ls nodetest1 npm ERR! There is likely additional logging output above. npm ERR! System Linux 3.13-0.bpo.1-amd64 npm ERR! command "/usr/local/bin/node" "/usr/local/bin/npm" "start" npm ERR! cwd /home/lucas/node/nodetest1 npm ERR! node -v v0.10.28 npm ERR! npm -v 1.4.9 npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE npm ERR! npm ERR! Additional logging details can be found in: npm ERR! /home/lucas/node/nodetest1/npm-debug.log npm ERR! not ok code 0 And sudo netstat -lnp does not return any matching port 80's: [lucas@ecoinstance]~/node/nodetest1$ sudo netstat -lnp [48/648] Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Progr am name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29160/mon god tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1976/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1976/sshd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:49948 0.0.0.0:* 1604/dhcl ient udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 1604/dhcl ient udp 0 0 10.240.241.116:123 0.0.0.0:* 2076/ntpd udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:123 0.0.0.0:* 2076/ntpd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:123 0.0.0.0:* 2076/ntpd udp6 0 0 :::12151 :::* 1604/dhcl ient udp6 0 0 :::123 :::* 2076/ntpd Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 405680 22814/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-K dkxJfFLpKTC/agent.22813 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 408230 24049/ssh-agent /tmp/ssh-o fUeNNEwAqtP/agent.22243 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 416227 29160/mongod /tmp/mongo db-27017.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] SEQPACKET LISTENING 3692 284/udevd /run/udev/ control unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5318 1798/acpid /var/run/a cpid.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 16170 5177/tmux /tmp//tmux -1000/default unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 414450 28213/dbus-daemon /var/run/d bus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 404225 22324/1 /tmp/ssh-9 TlDmu4bjl/agent.22324

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• Does anyone using godaddy shared windows webhosting, have multiple websites on it and faced this pro

  - by Amr ElGarhy

  I have multiple website on the same shared hosting on godaddy server, its Deluxe Hosting - Windows plan. I asked before a question about this: http://serverfault.com/questions/13906/how-to-fix-subfolders-iis7-functionality But i feel that no one is facing this problem except me, so i want to know what i am doing wrong or if someone had the same problem please tell me. all my website are in subfolders from the root folder, the problem that all links are showing like this: www.example.com/example/...., www.anotherwebsite.com/anotherwebsite/.... such as this http://amrelgarhy.com/ Means the folder name is showing in the URL, i did all what i can and discussed with godaddy a lot, but they always tell that its a IIS7 problem. Did you face this problem before or know a solution for?

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• Apache 2.2 on Mountain Lion ignoring ProxyPass and sending request to DocumentRoot

  - by James H

  I have sickbeard running at 127.0.0.1:8081/sickbeard ProxyRequests Off ProxyPass /sickbeard http://127.0.0.1:8081/sickbeard ProxyPassReverse /sickbeard http://127.0.0.1:8081/sickbeard in httpd.conf And yet when I try and access http://example.com/sickbeard/ it gives me a 404, with this in the error log. File does not exist: /Library/Server/Web/Data/Sites/Default/sickbeard Which I think means it's ignoring the ProxyPass and ProxyPassReverse directives? Anyone know why this may be? For what it's worth, this setup used to work under Lion. I have the following modules loaded: LoadModule proxy_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy.so LoadModule proxy_connect_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_connect.so LoadModule proxy_ftp_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_ftp.so LoadModule proxy_http_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_http.so LoadModule proxy_scgi_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_scgi.so LoadModule proxy_ajp_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_ajp.so LoadModule proxy_balancer_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_balancer.so Thanks for your time!

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• iptables to play nice with tor and ntpd

  - by directedition

  I'm setting up a server to operate as a tor relay and nothing else. I setup iptables to only allow talk on port 9001 and it worked fine, but there was an issue, the clock needs to be properly set and maintained for the relay to work properly, so I needed ntpd setup and running, but for some reason I can't get iptables to work as I want it. I'm trying to have it allow only tor and ntpd to talk over the network, but when I set it up to allow port 123 using udp, suddenly it ignores my -A OUTPUT ! -s 127.0.0.1 -j DROP and allows everything through. How should I go about this? Please excuse my ignorance, I've brand new to iptables.

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• OSX Snow Leopard - Multiple httpd/apache instances for PHP 5.2 & 5.3 together

  - by iongion

  I need to run Apache with both php 5.2 and 5.3, without other webservers such as nginx, lighttpd, etc. Just Apache HTTPD. The easiest way to have both PHP 5.2 and PHP 5.3 on Apache, on the same machine, is to have them run in different webservers (or at least different webserver instances). I already do this on windows, it works flawlessly because it is easy to specify the conf file that a specific instance loads. But how can this be achieved on Mac OSX, without ditching the web server that OSX comes with built in ? The basic is to create N-ip addresses that each apache instance will bind to, for example: 192.168.0.52 - This is for apache httpd with PHP 5.2 192.168.0.53 - This is for apache httpd with PHP 5.3 (each apache will bind to its own ip address) On OSX, i don't know how to configure HTTPD to start as multiple service/daemon, with different startup httpd.conf files!

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• Tool needed for remote software deployment to Windows PC's over internet

  - by user56527

  Hi Can anyone recommend a commercial software package that enables automated rollouts of a bespoke software package across the internet? We are looking at approximately 1000 remote PC's that our organisation owns, geographically scattered and with varying bandwidths available from a central site. The PC's are not manned, they are used as server machines. The tool needs to have some scripting facilities too. The tool needs to be able to push software to the remote site in an automated way. We also need it to be able to reboot the remote machine too. Any ideas anyone? thanks.

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• Why does iis produce 500 response on all requests?

  - by HMR

  In IIS 7.5 on Windows webserver 2008 I get a 500 response on any request. Checking in firebug if I'm being forwarded but the request is made and no forwarding, just get 500 response with a page that looks like Symfony response page. Disabled all url re writes and requested index.html (still get 500) checked error pages under featured settings and detailed errors is checked. Checked the php error log and no writes have been made for several days. I think someone has fiddled with the IIS server settings and got it to return 500 for any request (even locally) but I'm not able to find what it is. [UPDATE] While I was writing this and listing things I've tried I tried selecting detailed error messages at the root node, not the site node. Looks like some idiot changed file permissions so that IIS can no longer read the config file.

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• how to pre-create directories on linux for file storage

  - by Erik Sorensen

  Hi - looking for a way to pre-create directories on linux to be used to store a large number of files. We will be generating file ids using a GUID - I need to keep a copy of these files on a linux web server. I plan on using subdirectories to split up the files (it's ext3)... so for example, the filename 055c102b-62fb-4671-a3c7-68b9515ec53e.swf would live in /data/files/0/5/5/055c102b-62fb-4671-a3c7-68b9515ec53e.swf (taking the first 3 characters as directory names) My question is - how to create the /data/files/?/?/?/ directories ahead of time? Where ? could be a-z or 0-9

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• rm on a directory with millions of files

  - by BMDan

  Background: physical server, about two years old, 7200-RPM SATA drives connected to a 3Ware RAID card, ext3 FS mounted noatime and data=ordered, not under crazy load, kernel 2.6.18-92.1.22.el5, uptime 545 days. Directory doesn't contain any subdirectories, just millions of small (~100 byte) files, with some larger (a few KB) ones. We have a server that has gone a bit cuckoo over the course of the last few months, but we only noticed it the other day when it started being unable to write to a directory due to it containing too many files. Specifically, it started throwing this error in /var/log/messages: ext3_dx_add_entry: Directory index full! The disk in question has plenty of inodes remaining: Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/sda3 60719104 3465660 57253444 6% / So I'm guessing that means we hit the limit of how many entries can be in the directory file itself. No idea how many files that would be, but it can't be more, as you can see, than three million or so. Not that that's good, mind you! But that's part one of my question: exactly what is that upper limit? Is it tunable? Before I get yelled at--I want to tune it down; this enormous directory caused all sorts of issues. Anyway, we tracked down the issue in the code that was generating all of those files, and we've corrected it. Now I'm stuck with deleting the directory. A few options here: rm -rf (dir)I tried this first. I gave up and killed it after it had run for a day and a half without any discernible impact. unlink(2) on the directory: Definitely worth consideration, but the question is whether it'd be faster to delete the files inside the directory via fsck than to delete via unlink(2). That is, one way or another, I've got to mark those inodes as unused. This assumes, of course, that I can tell fsck not to drop entries to the files in /lost+found; otherwise, I've just moved my problem. In addition to all the other concerns, after reading about this a bit more, it turns out I'd probably have to call some internal FS functions, as none of the unlink(2) variants I can find would allow me to just blithely delete a directory with entries in it. Pooh. while [ true ]; do ls -Uf | head -n 10000 | xargs rm -f 2/dev/null; done ) This is actually the shortened version; the real one I'm running, which just adds some progress-reporting and a clean stop when we run out of files to delete, is: export i=0; time ( while [ true ]; do ls -Uf | head -n 3 | grep -qF '.png' || break; ls -Uf | head -n 10000 | xargs rm -f 2/dev/null; export i=$(($i+10000)); echo "$i..."; done ) This seems to be working rather well. As I write this, it's deleted 260,000 files in the past thirty minutes or so. Now, for the questions: As mentioned above, is the per-directory entry limit tunable? Why did it take "real 7m9.561s / user 0m0.001s / sys 0m0.001s" to delete a single file which was the first one in the list returned by "ls -U", and it took perhaps ten minutes to delete the first 10,000 entries with the command in #3, but now it's hauling along quite happily? For that matter, it deleted 260,000 in about thirty minutes, but it's now taken another fifteen minutes to delete 60,000 more. Why the huge swings in speed? Is there a better way to do this sort of thing? Not store millions of files in a directory; I know that's silly, and it wouldn't have happened on my watch. Googling the problem and looking through SF and SO offers a lot of variations on "find" that obviously have the wrong idea; it's not going to be faster than my approach for several self-evident reasons. But does the delete-via-fsck idea have any legs? Or something else entirely? I'm eager to hear out-of-the-box (or inside-the-not-well-known-box) thinking. Thanks for reading the small novel; feel free to ask questions and I'll be sure to respond. I'll also update the question with the final number of files and how long the delete script ran once I have that. Final script output!: 2970000... 2980000... 2990000... 3000000... 3010000... real 253m59.331s user 0m6.061s sys 5m4.019s So, three million files deleted in a bit over four hours.

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