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  • Adding functions to Java class libraries

    - by Eric
    I'm using a Java class library that is in many ways incomplete: there are many classes that I feel ought to have additional member functions built in. However, I am unsure of the best practice of adding these member functions. Lets call the insufficient base class A. class A { public A(/*long arbitrary arguments*/) { //... } public A(/*long even more arbitrary arguments*/) { //... } public int func() { return 1; } } Ideally, I would like to add a function to A. However, I can't do that. My choice is between: class B extends A { //Implement ALL of A's constructors here public int reallyUsefulFunction() { return func()+1; } } and class AddedFuncs { public int reallyUsefulFunction(A a) { return a.func()+1; } } The way I see it, they both have advantages and disadvantages. The first choice gives a cleaner syntax than the second, and is more logical, but has problems: Let's say I have a third class, C, within the class library. class C { public A func() { return new A(/*...*/); } } As I see it, there is no easy way of doing this: C c; int useful = c.func().reallyUsefulFunction(); as the type returned by C.func() is an A, not a B, and you can't down-cast. So what is the best way of adding a member function to a read-only library class?

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  • Const Discards Qualifers: C++

    - by user991673
    I'm using OpenGL to render camera perspectives, and a one point in my code I'm trying to take the direction of the light (shown here as type "Vector4") and multiply it by a matrix of type "Matrix4x4" that represents the Modelview transformation (sorry if this is not making any sense, this is for a school project, as such I'm still learning about this stuff) Anyway, my code goes as follows... Vector4 lightDirection = data->dir * follow->getModelviewMatrix().getInverse().getTranspose(); data->dir = lightDirection; setLight(*data); this give me the following error: passing 'const vec4<double>' as 'this' argument of 'vec4<T>& vec4<T>::operator=(const vec4<T>&)[with T = double]' discards qualifiers Again, much of this code is prewritten for the class (namely the vector and matrix types) but if someone could just help me decipher what the error means it would be much appreciated! I can give more information as needed. I figured 'data' or 'data-dir' were const, however I can find no mention of either of them to be. 'dir' is of type SceneLightData, and when its added on I'm doing this: void Scene::addLight(const SceneLightData &sceneLight) { SceneLightData light = sceneLight; m_lights.push_back(&light); } The error occurs on this line: data->dir = lightDirection; EDIT problem solved. thanks everyone! solution: void Scene::addLight(const SceneLightData &sceneLight) { SceneLightData* light = new SceneLightData; *light = sceneLight; m_lights.push_back(light); } and SceneLightData* data = m_lights[i]; data->dir = data->dir * follow->getModelviewMatrix().getInverse().getTranspose(); setLight(*data);

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  • Allowing Xform controls for optional XML elements

    - by Cam
    Hi, In designing an XForm interface to an XML database (using eXist and XSLTForms), I'd like to include an input control for an optional element. The XML data records already exist and while some contain the optional element, others don't. To update a record, I'm using the existing XML record as the model instance. The problem is that the form control is not displayed when the optional element is not present, which is logical, but presents a problem when a user wants to add data to the optional element. To be more explicit, here's an example data record, data.xml: <a> <b>content</b> </a> with RNC schema: start = element a { element b { text }, element notes { text }? } XForms model: <xf:model> <xf:instance xmlns="" src="data.xml"/> <xf:submission id="save" method="post" action="update.xq" /> </xf:model> And control: <xf:input ref="/a/notes"> <xf:label>Notes (optional): </xf:label> </xf:input> The problem is that the 'Notes' input control is simply not displayed. An obvious solution is to add a trigger button to allow the user to insert the element if needed, but it is preferable to just have the input control appear, and be empty. My question is: is there some subtle combination of lesser-know attributes/binds/multiple instances/xpath expressions that will cause the control to always be displayed? Thanks

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  • How to easily apply a function to a collection in C++

    - by Jesse Beder
    I'm storing images as arrays, templated based on the type of their elements, like Image<unsigned> or Image<float>, etc. Frequently, I need to perform operations on these images; for example, I might need to add two images, or square an image (elementwise), and so on. All of the operations are elementwise. I'd like get as close as possible to writing things like: float Add(float a, float b) { return a+b; } Image<float> result = Add(img1, img2); and even better, things like complex ComplexCombine(float a, float b) { return complex(a, b); } Image<complex> result = ComplexCombine(img1, img2); or struct FindMax { unsigned currentMax; FindMax(): currentMax(0) {} void operator(unsigned a) { if(a > currentMax) currentMax = a; } }; FindMax findMax; findMax(img); findMax.currentMax; // now contains the maximum value of 'img' Now, I obviously can't exactly do that; I've written something so that I can call: Image<float> result = Apply(img1, img2, Add); but I can't seem to figure out a generic way for it to detect the return type of the function/function object passed, so my ComplexCombine example above is out; also, I have to write a new one for each number of arguments I'd like to pass (which seems inevitable). Any thoughts on how to achieve this (with as little boilerplate code as possible)?

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  • Good C++ array class for dealing with large arrays of data in a fast and memory efficient way?

    - by Shane MacLaughlin
    Following on from a previous question relating to heap usage restrictions, I'm looking for a good standard C++ class for dealing with big arrays of data in a way that is both memory efficient and speed efficient. I had been allocating the array using a single malloc/HealAlloc but after multiple trys using various calls, keep falling foul of heap fragmentation. So the conclusion I've come to, other than porting to 64 bit, is to use a mechanism that allows me to have a large array spanning multiple smaller memory fragments. I don't want an alloc per element as that is very memory inefficient, so the plan is to write a class that overrides the [] operator and select an appropriate element based on the index. Is there already a decent class out there to do this, or am I better off rolling my own? From my understanding, and some googling, a 32 bit Windows process should theoretically be able address up to 2GB. Now assuming I've 2GB installed, and various other processes and services are hogging about 400MB, how much usable memory do you think my program can reasonably expect to get from the heap? I'm currently using various flavours of Visual C++.

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  • Use of Java [Interfaces / Abstract classes]

    - by Samuel
    Hello, Lately i decided to take a look at Java so i am still pretty new to it and also to the approach of OO programming, so i wanted to get some things straight before learning more, (i guess it's never to soon to start with good practices). I am programming a little 2D game for now but i think my question applies to any non trivial project. For the simplicity i'll provide examples from my game. I have different kinds of zombies, but they all have the same attributes (x, y, health, attack etc) so i wrote an interface Zombie which i implement by WalkingZombie, RunningZombie TeleportingZombie etc. Is this the best thing to do? Am i better of with an abstract class? Or with a super class? (I am not planning to partially implement functions - therefor my choice for an interface instead of an abstract class) I have one class describing the main character (Survivor) and since it is pretty big i wanted to write an interface with the different functions, so that i can easily see and share the structure of it. Is it good practice? Or is it simply a waste of space and time? I hope this question will not be rated as subjective because i thought that experienced programmers won't disagree about this kind of topic since the use of interfaces / super classes / abstract classes follows logical rules and is thereby not simply a personal choice. Thank you for your time -Samuel

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  • Is it possible to access the SMIL timer from javascript?

    - by Will
    I'm trying to use SMIL to animate the typing of text into a field embedded in a SVG. I tried the following code in both Chrome and a SMIL-enable Firefox nightly, but it has no effect: <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <foreignObject> <html:input type="text" value=""> <set attributeName="value" to="Hello World" begin="0" dur="10s" fill="freeze" /> </html:input> </foreignObject> </svg> The text field appears, but remains empty. So, I thought I would register for the beginEvent and do the substitution manually. To test the events, I added: <rect id="rect" x="0" y="0" width="10" height="10"> <animate id="dx" attributeName="x" attributeType="XML" begin="0s" dur="1s" fill="freeze" from="0" to="-10" /> </rect> As well as the javascript that made sense from the event model: window.addEventListener( 'load', function() { function listen( id ) { var elem = document.getElementById( id ) elem.addEventListener( 'beginEvent', function() { console.log( 'begin ' + id ) }, false ) elem.addEventListener( 'endEvent', function() { console.log( 'end ' + id ) }, false ) } listen( 'rect' ) listen( 'dx' ) }) But there's no events fired on either the rect or the animate in either browser. The next logical step seems to be to simulate the animation (ala. FakeSmile), but I want to use the browser's animation timer if at all possible.

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  • How can I compare the performance of log() and fp division in C++?

    - by Ventzi Zhechev
    Hi, I’m using a log-based class in C++ to store very small floating-point values (as the values otherwise go beyond the scope of double). As I’m performing a large number of multiplications, this has the added benefit of converting the multiplications to sums. However, at a certain point in my algorithm, I need to divide a standard double value by an integer value and than do a *= to a log-based value. I have overloaded the *= operator for my log-based class and the right-hand side value is first converted to a log-based value by running log() and than added to the left-hand side value. Thus the operations actually performed are floating-point division, log() and floating-point summation. My question whether it would be faster to first convert the denominator to a log-based value, which would replace the floating-point division with floating-point subtraction, yielding the following chain of operations: twice log(), floating-point subtraction, floating-point summation. In the end, this boils down to whether floating-point division is faster or slower than log(). I suspect that a common answer would be that this is compiler and architecture dependent, so I’ll say that I use gcc 4.2 from Apple on darwin 10.3.0. Still, I hope to get an answer with a general remark on the speed of these two operators and/or an idea on how to measure the difference myself, as there might be more going on here, e.g. executing the constructors that do the type conversion etc. Cheers!

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  • How to do a partial database backup and restore?

    - by Workshop Alex
    Simple problem. I'm working on a single SQL Server database which is shared between several offices. Each office has their own schema inside this database, thus dividing the database in logical pieces. (Plus one schema that is shared between multiple offices.) The database is stored on a dedicated server and we use a single database to keep the backup/restore procedure easier. The problem, however, is that the Accounting Office might be modifying a lot of data and then the Secretary Office makes a mistake which requires restoration of a backup. Unfortunately, restoring the backup means that Accounting will lose their recently added data. So, the alternative solution is by restoring the backup into a new database, remove the data from the old accounting schema and move the data for accounting only from the backup top the original database. This is the current solution and it's time-consuming and error-prone. So, is there a way to make backups of a single schema, possibly through code? And then to restore just that schema, probably through code too?

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  • Can't see anything wrong with simple code

    - by melee
    Here is my implementation file: using namespace std; #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> #include <stack> //line 5 #include "proj05.canvas.h" //----------------Constructor----------------// Canvas::Canvas() //line 10 { Title = ""; Nrow = 0; Ncol = 0; image[][]; // line 15 PixelCoordinates.r = 0; PixelCoordinates.c = 0; } //-------------------Paint------------------// line 20 void Canvas::Paint(int R, int C, char Color) { cout << "Paint to be implemented" << endl; } The errors I'm getting are these: proj05.canvas.cpp: In function 'std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, Canvas&)': proj05.canvas.cpp:11: error: expected `;' before '{' token proj05.canvas.cpp:22: error: a function-definition is not allowed here before '{' token proj05.canvas.cpp:24: error: expected `}' at end of input proj05.canvas.cpp:24: error: expected `}' at end of input These seem like simple syntax errors, but I am not sure what's wrong. Could someone decode these for me? I'd really appreciate it, thanks for your time!

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  • Best way to import a pack or "system" of new classes??

    - by Joe Blow
    Here's an Advanced question for Advanced developers. So I've written a largish "subsystem". It is essentially a UIViewController called CleverViewController which is a UIViewController. Now, there are a large number of supporting classes (about ten) that do the hard work: perform math functions, image processing, purely logical functions, build images or what have you with thousands of lines of code. (To do this, I simply started a new XCode project / app "Scratchpad" which does little other than load and launch the CleverViewController. So currently it works as an app, which launches CleverViewController. The ten or so classes I mention that are part of the "subsystem" simply sit there in that project/app.) So now, we will use CleverViewController, the new technology generally, in various apps. (Or perhaps friends would want to use it, etc.) What's the best way to "do" this? Have I screwed everything up, and really it should just be ONE (pretty big) class rather than a dozen classes? (I could understand that then as I would simply add that new (big) class where needed, like adding any other class.) Do I have to make a "framework" like the Apple frameworks? (If so, what the hell are they, how do you do it, etc?!?) In fact, do you just have to lamely include all of the dozen classes and that's that (obviously perhaps putting them in a grouped subfolder). What about all the headers and so on? (Currently I just have the dozen includes in the pch file of the scratchpad project.) Shouldn't it be easy to "maintain" this "subsystem" separately and so on? I'm afraid I know nothing about this: if the answer is obvious, hit me over the head and let me know. Thank you for any info on this !

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  • Should programmers use boolean variables to "document" their code?

    - by froadie
    I'm reading McConell's Code Complete, and he discusses using boolean variables to document your code. For example, instead of: if((elementIndex < 0) || (MAX_ELEMENTS < elementIndex) || (elementIndex == lastElementIndex)){ ... } He suggests: finished = ((elementIndex < 0) || (MAX_ELEMENTS < elementIndex)); repeatedEntry = (elementIndex == lastElementIndex); if(finished || repeatedEntry){ ... } This strikes me as logical, good practice, and very self-documenting. However, I'm hesitant to start using this technique regularly as I've almost never come across it; and perhaps it would be confusing just by virtue of being rare. However, my experience is not very vast yet, so I'm interested in hearing programmers' opinion of this technique, and I'd be curious to know if anyone uses this technique regularly or has seen it often when reading code. Is this a worthwhile convention/style/technique to adopt? Will other programmers understand and appreciate it, or consider it strange?

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  • What rules govern the copying of variables in Javascript closures?

    - by int3
    I'd just like to check my understanding of variable copying in Javascript. From what I gather, variables are passed/assigned by reference unless you explicitly tell them to create a copy with the new operator. But I'm a little uncertain when it comes to using closures. Say I have the following code: var myArray = [1, 5, 10, 15, 20]; var fnlist = []; for (var i in myArray) { var data = myArray[i]; fnlist.push(function() { var x = data; console.log(x); }); } fnlist[2](); // returns 20 I gather that this is because fnlist[2] only looks up the value of data at the point where it is invoked. So I tried an alternative tack: var myArray = [1, 5, 10, 15, 20]; var fnlist = []; for (var i in myArray) { var data = myArray[i]; fnlist.push(function() { var x = data; return function() { console.log(x); } }()); } fnlist[2](); // returns 10 So now it returns the 'correct' value. Am I right to say that it works because a function resolves all variable references to their 'constant' values when it is invoked? Or is there a better way to explain it? Any explanations / links to explanations regarding this referencing / copying business would be appreciated as well. Thanks!

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  • C++ Template Iterator error

    - by gprime
    I am going over some code i wrote in 2006 as an undergrad. It's a simple genetic algorithm library written in C++ using templates. It use to work in 2006 when i coded it with visual studio, but now when i am trying to run it in xcode i get compile errors. This function is giving me errors: friend bool operator==(const TSPGenome<T> & t1, const TSPGenome<T> & t2) { // loop through each interator and check to see if the two genomes have the same values if(t1.genome_vec->size() != t2.genome_vec->size()) return false; else { // iterate through each vector<T>::iterator it_t1; vector<T>::iterator it_t2; it_t1 = t1.genome_vec->begin(); for(it_t2 = t2.genome_vec->begin(); it_t2 != t2.genome_vec->end(); ++it_t2, ++it_t1) { if(*it_t2 != *it_t1) return false; } } // everything seems good return true; } xcode complains about these two lines not having ; before it_t1 and it_t2. vector<T>::iterator it_t1; vector<T>::iterator it_t2; Is it because the vector type it T? I declared it in the class as follows: template <typename T> class TSPGenome : public Genome { Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!

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  • A good way to write unit tests

    - by bobobobo
    So, I previously wasn't really in the practice of writing unit tests - now I kind of am and I need to check if I'm on the right track. Say you have a class that deals with math computations. class Vector3 { public: // Yes, public. float x,y,z ; // ... ctors ... } ; Vector3 operator+( const Vector3& a, const Vector3 &b ) { return Vector3( a.x + b.y /* oops!! hence the need for unit testing.. */, a.y + b.y, a.z + b.z ) ; } There are 2 ways I can really think of to do a unit test on a Vector class: 1) Hand-solve some problems, then hard code the numbers into the unit test and pass only if equal to your hand and hard-coded result bool UnitTest_ClassVector3_operatorPlus() { Vector3 a( 2, 3, 4 ) ; Vector3 b( 5, 6, 7 ) ; Vector3 result = a + b ; // "expected" is computed outside of computer, and // hard coded here. For more complicated operations like // arbitrary axis rotation this takes a bit of paperwork, // but only the final result will ever be entered here. Vector3 expected( 7, 9, 11 ) ; if( result.isNear( expected ) ) return PASS ; else return FAIL ; } 2) Rewrite the computation code very carefully inside the unit test. bool UnitTest_ClassVector3_operatorPlus() { Vector3 a( 2, 3, 4 ) ; Vector3 b( 5, 6, 7 ) ; Vector3 result = a + b ; // "expected" is computed HERE. This // means all you've done is coded the // same thing twice, hopefully not having // repeated the same mistake again Vector3 expected( 2 + 5, 6 + 3, 4 + 7 ) ; if( result.isNear( expected ) ) return PASS ; else return FAIL ; } Or is there another way to do something like this?

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  • Memory fragmentation @ boost::asio ?

    - by Poni
    I'm pretty much stuck with a question I never got an answer for, a question which addresses an extremely important issue; memory fragmentation at boost::asio. Found nothing at the documentation nor here at SO. The functions at boost::asio, for example async_write() & async_read_some() always allocate something. (in my case it's 144 & 96 bytes respectively, in VC9 Debug build). How do I know about it? I connect a client to the "echo server" example provided with this library. I put a breakpoint at "new.cpp" at the code of "operator new(size_t size)". Then I send "123". Breakpoint is hit! Now using the stack trace I can clearly see that the root to the "new" call is coming from the async_write() & async_read_some() calls I make in the function handlers. So memory fragmentation will come sooner or later, thus I can't use ASIO, and I wish I could! Any idea? Any helpful code example?

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  • Equvalent c++0x program withought using boost threads..

    - by Eternal Learner
    I have the below simple program using boost threads, what would be the changes needed to do the same in c++0X #include<iostream> #include<boost/thread/thread.hpp> boost::mutex mutex; struct count { count(int i): id(i){} void operator()() { boost::mutex::scoped_lock lk(mutex); for(int i = 0 ; i < 10000 ; i++) { std::cout<<"Thread "<<id<<"has been called "<<i<<" Times"<<std::endl; } } private: int id; }; int main() { boost::thread thr1(count(1)); boost::thread thr2(count(2)); boost::thread thr3(count(3)); thr1.join(); thr2.join(); thr3.join(); return 0; }

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  • Lucene Search Returning Extra, Undesired Records

    - by Brandon
    I have a Lucene index that contains a field called 'Name'. I escape all special characters before inserting a value into my index using QueryParser.Escape(value). In my example I have 2 documents with the following names respectively: Test Test (Test) They get inserted into my index as such (I can confirm this using Luke): [test] [test] [\(test\)] I insert these values as TOKENIZED and using the StandardAnalyzer. When I perform a search, I use the QueryParser.Escape(searchString) against my search string input to escape special characters and then use the QueryParser with my 'Name' field and the StandardAnalyzer to perform my search. When I perform a search for 'Test', I get back both documents in my index (as expected). However, when I perform a search for 'Test (Test)', I am getting back both documents still. I realize that in both examples it matches on the 'test' term in the index, but I am confused in my 2nd example why it would not just pull back the document with the value of 'Test (Test)' because my search should create two terms: [test] and [\(test\)] I would imagine it would perform some sort of boolean operator where BOTH terms must match in that situation so I would get back just one record. Is there something I am missing or a trick to make the search behave as desired?

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  • Boolean comparison of array of strings in Ruby

    - by Kyle Kaitan
    I've got an array in Ruby that essentially represents a square boolean matrix. Dots represent zeroes, while any other character represents ones. Example: irb(main):044:0> g => [".b", "m."] # This grid has two '1' values and two '0' values. I'd like to perform a specified logical operation (say, OR) on this array with another similar array to get a third result. For example, if h is ["q.", "r."], then something akin to g.perform_or(h) should yield a new array ["qb", "r."]. (The choice of r to represent the result of 'm' || 'r' is arbitrary and not relevant; any other non-'.' character can be there.) How might I do this? Edit: I made an error in my example. Apologies!

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  • Search for values in nested array

    - by dardub
    I have an array as follows array(2) { ["operator"] => array(2) { ["qty"] => int(2) ["id"] => int(251) } ["accessory209"] => array(2) { ["qty"] => int(1) ["id"] => int(209) } ["accessory211"] => array(2) { ["qty"] => int(1) ["id"] => int(211) } } I'm trying to find a way to verify an id value exists within the array and return bool. I'm trying to figure out a quick way that doesn't require creating a loop. Using the in_array function did not work, and I also read that it is quite slow. In the php manual someone recommended using flip_array() and then isset(), but I can't get it to work for a 2-d array. doing something like if($array['accessory']['id'] == 211) would also work for me, but I need to match all keys containing accessory -- not sure how to do that Anyways, I'm spinning in circles, and could use some help. This seems like it should be easy. Thanks.

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  • Which of the following Java coding fragments is better?

    - by Simon
    This isn't meant to be subjective, I am looking for reasons based on resource utilisation, compiler performance, GC performance etc. rather than elegance. Oh, and the position of brackets doesn't count, so no stylistic comments please. Take the following loop; Integer total = new Integer(0); Integer i; for (String str : string_list) { i = Integer.parse(str); total += i; } versus... Integer total = 0; for (String str : string_list) { Integer i = Integer.parse(str); total += i; } In the first one i is function scoped whereas in the second it is scoped in the loop. I have always thought (believed) that the first one would be more efficient because it just references an existing variable already allocated on the stack, whereas the second one would be pushing and popping i each iteration of the loop. There are quite a lot of other cases where I tend to scope variables more broadly than perhaps necessary so I thought I would ask here to clear up a gap in my knowledge. Also notice that assignment of the variable on initialisation either involving the new operator or not. Do any of these sorts of semi-stylistic semi-optimisations make any difference at all?

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  • Designing for varying mobile device resolutions, i.e. iPhone 4 & iPhone 3G

    - by Josh
    As the design community moves to design applications & interfaces for mobile devices, a new problem has arisen: Varying Screen DPI's. Here's the situation: Touch: * iPhone 3G/S ~ 160 dpi * iPhone 4 ~ 300 dpi * iPad ~ 126 dpi * Android device @ 480p ~ 200 dpi Point / click: * Laptop @ 720p ~ 96 dpi * Desktop @ 720p ~ 72 dpi There is certainly a clear distinction between desktop and mobile so having two separate front-ends to the same app is logical, especially when considering one is "touch"-based and the other is "point/click"-based. The challenge lies in designing static graphical elements that will scale between, say, 160 dpi and 300+ dpi, and get consistent and clean design across zoom levels. Any thoughts on how to approach this? Here are some scenarios, but each has drawbacks as well: * Design a single set of assets (high resolution), then adjust zoom levels based on detected resolution / device o Drawbacks: Performance caused by code layering, varying device support of Zoom * Develop & optimize multiple variations of image and CSS assets, then hide / show each based on device o Drawbacks: Extra work in design & QA. Anyone have thoughts or experience on how to deal with this? We should certainly be looking at methods that use / support HTML5 and CSS3.

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  • Singleton pattern in C++

    - by skydoor
    I have a question about the singleton pattern. I saw two cases concerning the static member in the singleton class. First it is an object, like this class CMySingleton { public: static CMySingleton& Instance() { static CMySingleton singleton; return singleton; } // Other non-static member functions private: CMySingleton() {} // Private constructor ~CMySingleton() {} CMySingleton(const CMySingleton&); // Prevent copy-construction CMySingleton& operator=(const CMySingleton&); // Prevent assignment }; One is an pointer, like this class GlobalClass { int m_value; static GlobalClass *s_instance; GlobalClass(int v = 0) { m_value = v; } public: int get_value() { return m_value; } void set_value(int v) { m_value = v; } static GlobalClass *instance() { if (!s_instance) s_instance = new GlobalClass; return s_instance; } }; What's the difference between the two cases? Which one is correct?

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  • Creating a assertClass() method in JUnit

    - by Mike
    Hi, I'm creating a test platform for a protocol project based on Apache MINA. In MINA when you receive packets the messageReceived() method gets an Object. Ideally I'd like to use a JUnit method assertClass(), however it doesn't exist. I'm playing around trying to work out what is the closest I can get. I'm trying to find something similar to instanceof. Currently I have: public void assertClass(String msg, Class expected, Object given) { if(!expected.isInstance(given)) Assert.fail(msg); } To call this: assertClass("Packet type is correct", SomePacket.class, receivedPacket); This works without issue, however in experimenting and playing with this my interest was peaked by the instanceof operator. if (receivedPacket instanceof SomePacket) { .. } How is instanceof able to use SomePacket to reference the object at hand? It's not an instance of an object, its not a class, what is it?! Once establishing what type SomePacket is at that point is it possible to extend my assertClass() to not have to include the SomePacket.class argument, instead favouring SomePacket?

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  • Variable Scoping in a method and its persistence in C++

    - by de costo
    Consider the following public method that adds an integer variable to a vector of ints(private member) in a class in C++. KoolMethod() { int x; x = 10; KoolList.Add(x); } Vector<int>KoolList; But is this a valid addition to a vector ??? Upon calling the method, it creates a local variable. The scope of this local variable ends the moment the execution control leaves the method. And since this local variable is allocated on a stack(on the method call), any member of KoolList points to an invalid memory location in deallocated stack which may or may not contain the expected value of x. Is this an accurate description of above mechanism ?? Is there a need for creating an int in heap storage using "new" operator everytime a value needs to be added to the vector like described below ????: KoolMethod() { int *x = new int(); *x = 10; KoolList.Add(x); } Vector<int*>KoolList;

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