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• Fail rate of EBS snapshots and AMIs?

  - by user784637

  According to Amazon the fail rate of EBS volumes is: As an example, volumes that operate with 20 GB or less of modified data since their most recent Amazon EBS snapshot can expect an annual failure rate (AFR) of between 0.1% – 0.5%, where failure refers to a complete loss of the volume http://aws.amazon.com/ebs/ However, I was curious to know the fail rate of EBS snapshots and private AMIs that a system admin would take. Since the EBS snapshots and AMIs are stored in Amazon s3, is it safe to assume that the likelihood you cannot rollback to a previous snapshot or AMI the same likelihood that a file gets lost in s3? Amazon S3’s standard storage is: ... Designed to provide 99.999999999% durability and 99.99% availability of objects over a given year. http://aws.amazon.com/s3/

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• mysql spitting lots of "table marked as crashed" errors

  - by Shawn

  Hi, I have a mysql server(version: 5.5.3-m3-log Source distribution ) and it keeps showing lots of 110214 3:01:48 [ERROR] /usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Table './mydb/tablename' is marked as crashed and should be repaired 110214 3:01:48 [Warning] Checking table: './mydb/tablename' I'm wondering what can be the possible casues and how to fix it. Here is a full list mysql configuration : connect_errors = 6000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet = 32M sort_buffer_size = 2G max_length_for_sort_data = 2G join_buffer_size = 256M thread_cache_size = 300 #thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 512M query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k default-storage-engine = MyISAM thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 246M max_heap_table_size = 246M long_query_time = 3 log-slave-updates = 1 log-bin = /data/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog binlog_cache_size = 4M binlog_format = MIXED max_binlog_cache_size = 8M max_binlog_si ze = 1G relay-log-index = /data/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog relay-log-info-file = /data/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog relay-log = /data/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog expire_logs_days = 30 key_buffer_size = 1G read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 2G myisam_max_sort_file_size = 5G myisam_repair_threads = 1 max_binlog_size = 1G interactive_timeout = 64 wait_timeout = 64 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396 The box is running on centos-5.5. Thanks for your help.

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• USB Thumb Drive not recognized in Hyper-V Manager

  - by Vazgen

  I have the free, standalone core Hyper-V Server 2012 running on my physical machine. I set up remote management from my Windows 8 client. When I proceed to create a virtual machine I would like to install the OS from a usb thumb drive but it is not recognized in Hyper-V Manager on my client (when the USB is plugged into the physical server) nor is it recognized in Server Manager under File and Storage Services Volumes Is there a role needed to recognize external usb flash drives? Because I think this standalone version is just core Hyper-V role and that's it... but this is such a basic functionality. Can anybody comment.

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• Nexenta/OpenSolaris filer kernel panic/crash

  - by ewwhite

  I've an x4540 Sun storage server running NexentaStor Enterprise. It's serving NFS over 10GbE CX4 for several VMWare vSphere hosts. There are 30 virtual machines running. For the past few weeks, I've had random crashes spaced 10-14 days apart. This system used to open OpenSolaris and was stable in that arrangement. The crashes trigger the automated system recovery feature on the hardware, forcing a hard system reset. Here's the output from mdb debugger: panic[cpu5]/thread=ffffff003fefbc60: Deadlock: cycle in blocking chain ffffff003fefb570 genunix:turnstile_block+795 () ffffff003fefb5d0 unix:mutex_vector_enter+261 () ffffff003fefb630 zfs:dbuf_find+5d () ffffff003fefb6c0 zfs:dbuf_hold_impl+59 () ffffff003fefb700 zfs:dbuf_hold+2e () ffffff003fefb780 zfs:dmu_buf_hold+8e () ffffff003fefb820 zfs:zap_lockdir+6d () ffffff003fefb8b0 zfs:zap_update+5b () ffffff003fefb930 zfs:zap_increment+9b () ffffff003fefb9b0 zfs:zap_increment_int+68 () ffffff003fefba10 zfs:do_userquota_update+8a () ffffff003fefba70 zfs:dmu_objset_do_userquota_updates+de () ffffff003fefbaf0 zfs:dsl_pool_sync+112 () ffffff003fefbba0 zfs:spa_sync+37b () ffffff003fefbc40 zfs:txg_sync_thread+247 () ffffff003fefbc50 unix:thread_start+8 () Any ideas what this means?

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• Why did my Cisco router hang?

  - by Mike Pennington

  We have a Cisco 1841 in our storage IDF that was originally running a 12.4(1) IP-BASE image; I wanted to upgrade to an advancedservicesk9-mz image, but the flash did not have enough space, so I deleted the running image. Later I tried inserting a larger CF from a Catalyst4500, which crashed the 1841 router (now without a bootable image). Using another 1800 series router, I loaded the 12.4(25g) advancedservicesk9 image and verified the image checksums. I set the confreg to 0x2102 from rommon and booted the new image; however the 1841 now hangs indefinitely after printing the IOS export control banner. I have tried four other images, all with the same results. What is wrong with this router? UPDATE 1: I tried loading images from a FAT16-formatted USB, but this didn't work either. I also tried tftpdnld from rommon, but got a get_mac_address(): Search T_IDPROM_MACADDR (0xc3) failed Illegal MAC address. error and the file would not load.

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• Find and free disk space that is unused but unavailable (due to file system error, etc.)

  - by Voyagerfan5761

  Sometimes I get the feeling that if an app such as μTorrent allocates files on my FAT32-formatted flash drive, but then is killed or crashes (as happens more than a few times a month), that space just disappears from my file system. Whether or not that is the case, sometimes I do get a chill from wondering if I've lost hundreds of MB in available storage due to carelessness or malfunctions. Checking my disk with WinDirStat just makes it worse, because I see the huge "<Unknown>" item at the disk root staring at me, eating up well over a gigabyte. It might be FS inefficiency (due to 32 or 64kb sector/cluster size and a lot of tiny files) or it might be a glitch... Is there a tool I can download and run to check my file system and make sure that there aren't any unused allocated blocks on the disk? I want to make sure I'm not losing any disk space to I/O errors, etc.

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• Symmetrix gatekeepers on Solaris 10

  - by Milner

  I have some Solaris machines that are connected to EMC Symmetrix for SAN storage. Apparently the Symm has a gatekeeper device that is used with the symmetrix CLI. We don't need the CLI, but I have these gatekeeper devices that constantly fill /var/adm/messages and the like with corrupt label errors. Is there anything I can do (short of deleting the devices on machine start) to get rid of them? Or should I just try to get our SAN guy to get the installer for the CLI? These things are getting annoying, and the devfsadmd daemon keeps rediscovering them on boot.

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• Oracle on NFS vmdk beats native NFS!?

  - by fletch00

  Hi, my colleagues are pursuing this with Netapp and Oracle - but I thought I'd post here on the off chance someone else has seen this We have a RedHat 5 VM (fully up2date) running Oracle 11i with data disks mounted via the VM's linux kernel NFS using Oracle's recommended mount options and the performance is very inconsistent (Querys that should take < 2 seconds sometimes take 60 seconds) Funny thing is we can run the same queries perfectly consistently < 2 seconds on a VMDK residing on SAME NetApp NFS datastore! Makes me wish Oracle and NetApp collaborated as closely as VMware and NetApp did on the Virtual Storage Console we used to perfectly set the NFS options and keep them in compliance... We have tried a few Linux NFS options others have posted and not seen improvement so far. We are now creating VMDK's for the VM to replace the Linux NFS mounted and workaround the issue as our developers need consistent performance ASAP.

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• How to use qcow2 disk image in Linux?

  - by sauparna

  I have a large qcow2 formatted disk image, which I use as storage. Often I need to move data to and from this disk image. I mount the disk using the qemu-nbd tool as follows: modprobe nbd max_part=63 qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0 /host/disk100G.img mount /dev/nbd0p1 /home/rup/disk But disk access fails every now and then in the midst of some I/O operation with an "Input/output error". At that point I have to manually unmount the disk and re-mount it so that I can run the program again: qemu-nbd -d /dev/nbd0 umount joborkhaki/ What could be the reason for this? Is there a better tool that I can use to maintain a qcow2 disk image?

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• PostgreSQL server: 10k RPM SAS or Intel 520 Series SSD drives?

  - by Vlad

  We will be expanding the storage for a PostgreSQL server and one of the things we are considering is using SSDs (Intel 520 Series) instead of rotating discs (10k RPM). Price per GB is comparable and we expect improved performance, however we are concerned about longevity since our database usage pattern is quite write-heavy. We are also concerned about data corruption in case of power failure (due to SSDs write cache not flushing properly). We currently use RAID10 with 4 active HDDs (10k 146GB) and 1 spare configured in the controller. It's a HP DL380 G6 server with P410 Smart Array Controller and BBWC. What makes more sense: upgrading the drives to 300GB 10k RPM or using Intel 520 Series SSDs (240GB)?

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• Windows XP Installation issue - cannot find hard disk

  - by Marco

  A friend of mine gave me a laptop with Windows 8 installed and nothing else. I don't like it so I am trying to remove it by installing Windows XP. I have a windows XP installation CD that I have used before and worked fine, but didn't work when I tried to install it on the Windows 8 machine. It keeps telling me I don't have a drive to install to. Then I log into Windows 8 again and install check partitions. I found 2 and tried to make a new one but it will only let me make one of 69mb. Next, I tied to find a way to go back to XP with BCD install and try to set the boot loader for XP but it wasnt there. Somehow I deleted the bootloader for Windows 8 and now it asks me for a recovery tool for media. I am not familiar with the laptop specs, but it is a Toshiba with about 250GB storage, and above 1GHz processor.

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• Setting up a Windows Server 2008 R2 DC + Fileserver : native or virtual?

  - by user126890

  I want to deploy a new DC + Fileserver using Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Standard Edition on a Dell PowerEdge R410 and iSCSI storage for a small business (~30 people). Should I install the system native on the server or use a virt layer? I don't have a budget for virtualization so i gotta go with something free... What's a better working routine, taking snapshots of vm's or taking backups (Acronis/CloneZilla) of systems? If I use a virt system, I need a GUI for some people in the business to reset the system to a earlier state in emergency situations. I wanted to install phpVirtualBox once but never finished, is it suitable in a productive environment? server specs: Intel Xeon E5620 CPU (2,40GHz, 4C, 12MB Cache) 8GB RAM Dual Rank LV RDIMMs 1333MHz 2x 1TB SATA 7,2K 3,5, RAID1

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• How can I get data off of a Corsair SSD?

  - by user1870398

  My Corsair SSD won't work and I have some critical data on it that I didn't back up (I needed to create a copy of my mechanical storage device, just forgot). The drive isn't detected by the OS or BIOS. I also tried it on another system, but all that happened was the OS failed to load (my guess was that it knew the drive was there, just couldn't read it). I tried powering it on without the data cable for a bit of time to see if it'd work again, but it didn't. Any ideas of how I can get the data off of this drive without having to send it in?

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• PCs using certain IP addresses cannot ping out

  - by Steve McCall

  I'm having a very strange problem which I just can't get past. The way our network is set up, we have 2 locations. The main office with all our PCs, and servers/ We are then joined to a local ISP via microwave link and they provide our internet gateway and house an additional storage server for us. All of the network infrastructure is within our office The problem is... When some PCs (and servers) are assigned IP addresses, they cannot ping the gateway or remote server however the remote server can ping the PC. Most of our internal IP addresses work fine but specific ones (e.g. .29) has this problem all the time. There is nothing else using the ip address and no other network problems. When we switch the IP on the PC, it works fine. Please help, I'm going mad. Thanks, Steve

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• Why are they putting "processors" on hard drives?

  - by Celeritas

  What does it mean when they have a processor on the hard drive, how does it work, and what benfit does it have? I don't understand - the CPU is the processor and the hard drive transfers it's contents to RAM. Do have additional processors, preprocess the data some how? Here's some examples Western Digital WD Black WD1002FAEX 1TB "Dual processor speed" NETGEAR ReadyNAS 312 2-Bay Diskless Network Attached Storage "Dual-core Intel 2.1GHz processor and 2GB on-board memory" and routers now have processors too, why's that nescecary? I guess it sort of makes sense - some logic needs to happen for the packets to be read in to know which ports to send them out on, but why did old routers not need them? Example or wireless router with processor: "Dual-core processor"

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• SQL Server 2008 Hardware Recommendation;

  - by Jay

  Hi,I work for a large fortune 500 company. We have several SQL 2005 Servers running on DELL Poweredge 2950 with 8 GB RAM and 4 CPU's. Storage is DMX RAID 10. We are in the process of migrating to sql 2008. We are planning on consolidating multiple sql 2005 into single SQL 2008 Server.If anyone can suggest hardware I would appreciate. We have looked at DELL R710, I was wondering if there are other servers that are good for running SQL 2008. Thanks

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• Setting up a NetApp as a simple FC LUN carver

  - by MikeyB

  For a particular application, I want to configure a NetApp filer (7-mode) to be as close as possible to an old-fashioned storage subsystem without snapshots or fancy features. vol create vol_ESX -s volume aggr1 1500M vol options vol_ESX nosnap on vol options vol_ESX nosnapdir on vol options vol_ESX fractional_reserve 0 snap sched vol_ESX 0 0 0 snap reserve vol_ESX 0 # Ensure no snapshots exist on vol_ESX snap list vol_ESX # Create a LUN or multiple LUNs that take up the entire volume lun create -s 1565523968 -t vmware /vol/vol_ESX/lun0 lun map /vol/vol_ESX/lun0 challenger Is this safe? Is this the Best Way of doing what I'm trying to accomplish? Is there anything else I should set?

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• Configuring apache and php to handle many connections

  - by Marc

  My preliminary setup is like this. Two QuadCore 8GB servers running debian 6, with php and apache, One QuadCore 16GB server running debian 6, with mysql My plan is to have one 8Gb server to act as a proxy server, using vertx java to handle connections. I will let vertx use HttpClient to send web requests to the second 8GB server. This would have apache installed and use php to deliver any information that it gets from the mysql server on the third, 16GB server. The main reason I want this setup is to have things separated, so the "proxy" will be the only way to access the system, as the other two server will only be reachable from the local network. I can have the vertx proxy handle 5000+ concurrent connections, but, I don't know how to configure apache to handle all the requests coming from the proxy. Php will connect over mysqli with persistent connection pool of 500-800 connections, the mysql server seems not to have any issues on this part. In previous projects, the apache part was always causing issues, no matter how I set it up. I might not fully understand how to setup apache, since normally apache should handle many concurrent connections, but it does seem to now.

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• Windows xp mapped drives disconnect from Windows 7 on Peer to Peer network

  - by Kathryn Codo

  I have a 5 user peer to peer network. 2-XP machines, 3- Windows 7 machines and a Windows 7 machine acting as the file server. I have NO issues with the Windows 7 machines staying connected via the mapped drives to the "server". However, once a day the 2 XP machines will not connect to the Windows 7 machine "server" via the mapped drives. I must restart the "server" in order to see the server and access the files via the mapped drives or Explorer. I have tried the persistent : yes command in NET USE, on the XP machines and also setting a static IP address on the "server". I've turned the firewall off on the "server:, no difference so I turned the firewall back on. No interruption occurs with the internet when this happens, just can't see the server. Again, the Windows 7 users are unaffected. I have gone into the advanced network settings on the "server" and added read/write permissions for Everyone as well as the users of the XP machines. I have double checked that we are all on the same WORKGROUP. I'm at a loss. It seems to happen around mid-day and I've not been able to find any activity that is happening at this time (Like someone plugging in a thumbdrive). Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated as my client is running old XP software he no longer has the disks for and needs for his engineering firm.

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• Clone remote CentOS server to local test server?

  - by dannymcc

  We have a dedicated server running ContOS 5.5. The server runs our Magento store and a basic php website with mysql. I have a spare rack server in my office (HP ProLiant DL360 G4) that has more than enough storage space to store a duplicate of our dedicated server. I would like to clone the dedicated server entirely and have a local duplicate. It wouldn't need to be kept in sync because I can do that with GIT. The reason I want to do this is simple; learn more about the dedicated server and CentOS. Is this possible? I have SSH access to the dedicated server and obviously complete access to the local server.

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• Best way to replicate / mirror 100s of databases in SQL 2005

  - by mrwayne

  Hi, I currently host around 400-500 SQL 2005 databases of varying sizes (1-10 gig) each. I am aware of most of the different methods available and the general pros/cons of mirroring, log shipping, replication and clustering, but i am not aware of how well they tend to perform when its employed at the size i have specified (400-500 unique databases). Does anyone have any good advice on what is likely the best method for having the ability to fail over to another server with this sort of setup? Fail over does not need to be immediate, i'm just looking for something better than taking backups every day and moving them to storage. I'm preferably looking for something that would also makes it easy to manage the databases in bulk (as opposed to one at a time). Thanks for your input!

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• How to mount /tmp in /mnt on EC2?

  - by Claudio Poli

  I was wondering what is the best way to mount the /tmp endpoint in the ephemeral storage /mnt on an EC2 instance and give the ubuntu user default write permissions. Some suggest editing /etc/rc.local this way: mkdir -p /mnt/tmp && mount --bind -o nobootwait /mnt/tmp /tmp However that doesn't work for me (files differs). I tried editing the default fstab entry: /dev/xvdb /mnt auto defaults,nobootwait,comment=cloudconfig 0 2 replacing /mnt with /tmp and and giving it a umask=0777, however it doesn't work because of cloudconfig. I'm using Ubuntu 12.04. Thanks.

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• How can I capture a one-time full backup of a server using AMANDA?

  - by Daemon

  Suppose I have a preconfigured AMANDA server running automated network backups of directories specified in my disklists file. Normally, AMANDA will backup targets disks to /dumps/amanda. Is there any single command or method to perform a manual, one-time, full backup dump to another destination drive? I ask since I'm investigating the possibility of introducing rotating external hard-drive backups for offsite storage and I want to leverage our existing backup strategies wherever possible. Ideally, a full backup restore should be achievable from only any one of these offsite backup discs.

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• How to use multiple SkyDrive accounts on one computer?

  - by user1563721

  Is there any way how to use multiple SkyDrive accounts on one computer running MAC OS X or Windows 8? I would like to sync data from different accounts to different folder and not to merge these accounts to one. The reason is that every SkyDrive has it's storage limits and I'm using every account for different work data. The result should be the following: I have a number of SkyDrive accounts every for different work, let's say: S1 S2 S3 I would like to sync exactly the same number of folders on computer using different accounts to sync them: SkyDriveS1Folder - (folder on computer which syncing the content of S1 SkyDrive) SkyDriveS2Folder - (folder on computer which syncing the content of S2 SkyDrive) SkyDriveS3Folder - (folder on computer which syncing the content of S3 SkyDrive) Is it possible somehow? I found a workaround for Windows machines (http://superuser.com/questions/525932/running-multiple-instances-of-microsoft-skydrive) but is there anything for MAC OS X machines? Or is it possible through any third party application?

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• How do you create large, growable, shared filesystems on Linux at AWS?

  - by Reece

  What are acceptable/reasonable/best ways to provide large, growable, shared storage at AWS, exposed as a single filesystem? We're currently making 1TB EBS volumes ~biweekly and NFS exporting with no_subtree_check and nohide. In this setup, distinct exports appear under a single mount on the client. This arrangement does not scale well. The options we've considered: LVM2 with ext4. resize2fs is too slow. Btrfs on Linux. not obviously ready for prime time yet. ZFS on Linux. not obviously ready for prime time yet (although LLNL uses it) ZFS on Solaris. future of this combo is uncertain (to me), and new OS in the mix glusterfs. heard mostly good but two scary (and maybe old?) stories. The ideal solution would provide sharing, a single fs view, easy expandability, snapshots, and replication. Thanks for sharing ideas and experience.

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