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• Restoring GRUB2 on Software RAID 0 after Windows 7 wiped it using LiveCD

  - by unknownthreat

  I have installed Ubuntu 10.10 on my system. However, I need to install Windows 7 back, and I expect that it would alter GRUB and it did. Right now, my partition on my Software RAID 0 looks like this: nvidia_acajefec1 is Ubuntu 10.10 and nvidia_acajefec3 is Windows 7. I've been following some guides around and I am always stuck at GRUB not able to detect the usual RAID content. I've tried running: sudo grub > root (hd0,0) GRUB complains it couldn't find my hard disk. So I tried: find (hd0,0) And it complains that it couldn't find anything. So I tried: find /boot/grub/stage1 It said "file not found". Here's the text from the console: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ grub Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time. [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible completions of a device/filename. ] grub> root (hd0,0) root (hd0,0) Error 21: Selected disk does not exist grub> find /boot/grub/stage1 find /boot/grub/stage1 Error 15: File not found Fortunately, I got one person suggesting that what I've been trying to do is for GRUB Legacy, not GRUB2. So I went to the suggested website, ** (http://grub.enbug.org/Grub2LiveCdInstallGuide) **try to look around, and try: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Unable to seek on /dev/sda This is just the step 2 of the instruction in the http://grub.enbug.org/Grub2LiveCdInstallGuide and I cannot proceed because it cannot seek /dev/sda. However, ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmraid -r /dev/sdb: nvidia, "nvidia_acajefec", stripe, ok, 488397166 sectors, data@ 0 /dev/sda: nvidia, "nvidia_acajefec", stripe, ok, 488397166 sectors, data@ 0 So what now? Do you have an idea for how to make fdisk see my RAID array on live cd (Ubuntu 10.10)? Honestly, I am lost, very lost in trying to restore GRUB2 on this software RAID 0 system right now.

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• Help in decide the partition to install ubuntu

  - by G.Ashwin kumar

  I have a PC running with windows 7 ultimate 64 bit version with 4 gig Ram. I have a 320 gig hard disk , in which I have allocated 120 gig for windows 7, 100 gig for NY files(named ashwin in windows) and rest 80-90 gig partitioned but empty NTFS partition.Now where do I install Ubuntu so that windows and data is safe. I got the option install with windows I selected it , it then shows select drive(SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) -320.1 GB ATA WDC WD3200AAJS-6) and allocate driver by dragging the divider below which shows 66.5gb and 59.3 GB respectively. Which one do I go with? I clicked advance partitioning it shows five devices: device , type, m.point ,size.(mb), used(mb)......... /dev/sda1, NTFS, 104 , 35 (windows 7 loader) /dev/sda2, NTFS, 104752, 23604 /dev/sda3, NTFS, 125829, 10161 /dev/sda5, NTFS, 89382, 3221 when I checked size in properties it showed name of drive according to windows, used.Gb, free, total. ashwin, 10.2, 115.7, 125.8 c drive, 23.6, 81.1, 104.8 new volume, 92.6mb, 89.3, 89.4 except mentioned everything in gigabytes.ignore the last dots. I want to install it in new volume or using that space how do I do it? Explain in detail I'm a beginner.

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• Can no longer boot with rEFIt and Grub on early 2006 MacBook Pro

  - by Don Quixote

  I don't know what happened to cause this. I have Snow Leopard, Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal and Windows XP SP3 on my early 2006 MacBook Pro. It is a Core Duo unit, NOT Core 2 Duo, so it is 32-bit only - Model Identifier MacBookPro1,1. I use rEFIt 0.14 for my boot menu. For some reason neither XP nor Ubuntu would boot anymore. I'd just get a black screen with a rapidly flashing underscore in the top-left corner. Having both those OSes failing to boot suggested a problem with the boot loader in my MBR. The rEFIT partition tool verified that my MBR partitions were still synced with my GPT partitions, so I rewrote my MBR partition table with fdisk while booted from Parted Magic: # fdisk /dev/sda (fdisk warns about the disk having a GPT. I press on anyway.) p (Print the existing partition table to make sure it's OK.) w (Write the old partition table back to disk. This also writes a new MBR boot loader.) After this XP would boot but Ubuntu would not, with the same symptom. Now I used update-grub while chrooted into Ubuntu from Parted Magic: # mount /dev/sda3 /mnt # mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev # mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys # mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc # chroot /mnt Chroot issues some warnings about not being able to identify some group IDs. I don't know why that happens, or whether it is a problem. At this point while I am still booted off of Parted Magic's kernel, I am running from Natty's filesystem. # update-grub Update-grub detects each of my operating systems then claims to complete successfully, but still won't boot. I asked this same question over at rEFIt's Sourceforge support forum but there have been no replies yet. I also Googled quite a bit, and see many who have the same black screen problem, but none of their situations seem quite like mine. Thanks for any help you can give me. -- Don Quixote

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• Kernel panic on reboot after failed logical volume resize

  - by Derek

  I attempted to do a logical volume resize yesterday using the follwoing commands $sudo pvdisplay "/dev/sda8" is a new physical volume of "113.11 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda8 VG Name PV Size 113.11 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID jwyO1o-b2ap-CW51-kx7O-kf26-arim-SM8V6m $sudo vgextend vg /dev/sda8 sudo vgdisplay vg --- Volume group --- VG Name vg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 9 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 5 Open LV 5 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 131.74 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 33725 Alloc PE / Size 4769 / 18.63 GiB Free PE / Size 28956 / 113.11 GiB VG UUID AhusW2-pzFv-3W32-mpv2-s5VG-FN7S-kVSadx $sudo lvresize -L +20GB /dev/mapper/vg-var So as you can see, it looks like adding the physical volume to the vg worked, because i see free space available there. When I typed the lvresize command, it never returned. I let this run overnight in the background, but this morning I still couldnt successfully do a "pvdisplay" or "lvdisplay" because I think it was waiting on a lock or something, so the command never returned. When i went to log onto the server's console, I saw a bunch of messages like: rcu_sched_state detected stall on cpu 2 Now when I boot, I get a kernel panic error, and a message about not being able to mount /mapper/vg-root cannot open root device "mapper/vg-root" or unknown_block(0,0) Kernel Panic -not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root file system on unknown_block(0,0) What should I do to get my system back up and running? Did I attempt to do the logical volume resize correctly? Thanks

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• Installing BURG (NO MBR!)

  - by StepTNT

  I'd like to install BURG but I don't want it to overwrite my MBR. That's because I've got two bootloader in my system : 1) Default Windows 7 bl in my MBR 2) Grub in /dev/sda2 With the first power button, it will boot as Grub is not installed, so it simply loads Windows, with the second button it boots from /dev/sda2, loading Grub and then Kubuntu. Now I want to replae Grub with Burg. I've installe Burg with burg-install /dev/sda2 --force because I don't want my MBR to be overwritten (pressing the first power button MUST load Windows and avoid showing any sign of Linux things). Setup was completed without errors, and everything seems to work fine : if I open burg-manager it loads my settings, allowing me to change them and to test everything with burg-emu (that works as I want to). So, everything seems fine, Burg's installed, I've changed my settings but.. If I use the second power button, it still loads Grub! (Even a different version from the default Kubuntu one). So, here's the question : How can I replace GRUB that's on /dev/sda2 with BURG and WITHOUT writing it to my MBR? Thanks :)

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• Recovering data from /

  - by Abhijit Gavas

  I accidentally installed Ubuntu to one of my data drives from Windows. The drive was a NTFS drive and contained about 80 GB of important data. The size of the drive is 110 GB. Its new file system is ext4. In an attempt to recover the data, I downloaded foremost and tried the following commands: foremost -i / -o /media/281C8DB01C8D7998/Recovery/ -T -v foremost -i /dev/sda7 -o /media/281C8DB01C8D7998/Recovery/ -T -v (sda7 is the drive in question.) It appears that with either command, foremost gets stuck reading some file. Here is the console output: abhi@abi-PC:/dev$ foremost -i /dev/sda7 -o /media/281C8DB01C8D7998/Recovery/ -T -v Foremost version 1.5.7 by Jesse Kornblum, Kris Kendall, and Nick Mikus Audit File Foremost started at Fri Sep 28 20:58:00 2012 Invocation: foremost -i /dev/sda7 -o /media/281C8DB01C8D7998/Recovery/ -T -v Output directory: /media/281C8DB01C8D7998/Recovery_Fri_Sep_28_20_58_00_2012 Configuration file: /etc/foremost.conf Processing: stdin |------------------------------------------------------------------ File: stdin Start: Fri Sep 28 20:58:00 2012 Length: Unknown Num Name (bs=512) Size File Offset Comment Killed As you can see I have to kill it from system monitor. This approach does not seem to be working. What else could I try to recover the files? Please help. The files are very important and I will be devastated if I cannot recover them.

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• All files on automounted NTFS partition are marked as executable

  - by MHC

  I have set up an NTFS partition to automount via fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda7 during installation UUID=e63fa8a2-432f-4749-b9db-dab328807d04 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda4 during installation UUID=e9ad1bb4-7c1f-4ea9-a6a5-799dfad71c0a /boot ext4 defaults 0 2 # /home was on /dev/sda8 during installation UUID=eda8c755-5448-4de8-b58c-9cb75823c22d /home ext4 defaults 0 2 # swap was on /dev/sda9 during installation UUID=804ff3a7-e5dd-406a-b63c-e8f3c635fbc5 none swap sw 0 0 #Windows-Partition UUID=368CEBC57807FDCD /media/Share ntfs defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000,noexec 0 0 As you can see I have added the noexec bit to the configuration. Why? Because any file I create on or move to the partition is automatically marked as executable. The problem is that there is no way of changing that through nautilus. I cannot uncheck the "Allow executing file as program" option. The noexec option doesn't help, unfortunately. It only prevents nautilus from displaying the "run" or "read" dialog but doesn't change the executable flag. Is there any way I can fix this?

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• Restoring GRUB2 on Software RAID 0 using LiveCD after Windows 7 wiped it

  - by unknownthreat

  I have installed Ubuntu 10.10 on my system. However, I need to install Windows 7 back, and I expect that it would alter GRUB and it did. Right now, my partition on my Software RAID 0 looks like this: nvidia_acajefec1 is Ubuntu 10.10 and nvidia_acajefec3 is Windows 7. I've been following some guides around and I am always stuck at GRUB not able to detect the usual RAID content. I've tried running: sudo grub > root (hd0,0) GRUB complains it couldn't find my hard disk. So I tried: find (hd0,0) And it complains that it couldn't find anything. So I tried: find /boot/grub/stage1 It said "file not found". Here's the text from the console: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ grub Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time. [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible completions of a device/filename. ] grub> root (hd0,0) root (hd0,0) Error 21: Selected disk does not exist grub> find /boot/grub/stage1 find /boot/grub/stage1 Error 15: File not found Fortunately, I got one person suggesting that what I've been trying to do is for GRUB Legacy, not GRUB2. So I went to the suggested website, ** (http://grub.enbug.org/Grub2LiveCdInstallGuide) **try to look around, and try: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Unable to seek on /dev/sda This is just the step 2 of the instruction in the http://grub.enbug.org/Grub2LiveCdInstallGuide and I cannot proceed because it cannot seek /dev/sda. However, ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmraid -r /dev/sdb: nvidia, "nvidia_acajefec", stripe, ok, 488397166 sectors, data@ 0 /dev/sda: nvidia, "nvidia_acajefec", stripe, ok, 488397166 sectors, data@ 0 So what now? Do you have an idea for how to make fdisk see my RAID array on live cd (Ubuntu 10.10)? Honestly, I am lost, very lost in trying to restore GRUB2 on this software RAID 0 system right now.

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• Unable to mount NTFS Partition after resizing

  - by sam

  I was having only 15 GB space allocated to LINUX. I wanted to have more space available to linux. So I just re sized one of my ntfs partition using GParted. But after resizing I am not able to open the partition neither in Ubuntu nor in windows. OS: Dual Boot Win7/Ubuntu 10.10 The error message i get is the following: Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 12: Failed to read last sector (395458824): Invalid argument HINTS: Either the volume is a RAID/LDM but it wasn't setup yet, or it was not setup correctly (e.g. by not using mdadm --build ...), or a wrong device is tried to be mounted, or the partition table is corrupt (partition is smaller than NTFS), or the NTFS boot sector is corrupt (NTFS size is not valid). Failed to mount '/dev/sda5': Invalid argument The device '/dev/sda5' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS. Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?

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• "Missing Operating System" after installing Ubuntu 12.04 from a CD on a Macbook Pro

  - by Pierre

  I followed this guide to install Ubuntu 12.04 on my Macbook Pro 8,2 (late 2011): https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MactelSupportTeam/AppleIntelInstallation I used a CD. I synced the partition table on rEFIt, and it went fine. I do have an icon to boot on Linux, but when I launch it, after a few seconds I have "Missing Operating System" displayed, and that's all... How can I fix that? The only thing I see is, in the guide, it is mentioned this: On the last dialog of the installer, be sure to click the “Advanced” button and choose to install the boot loader (grub) to your root Ubuntu partition, for example /dev/sda3. This will be the only partition with the EXT4 file system. In Ubuntu 12.04 installation process, there is not such an option, but there is a dropdown menu to select where the grub bootloader should be installed. It was /dev/sda by default, but I selected my root Ubuntu partition (in my case, /dev/sda5). I got a warning message (but actually, it was the same warning message even when I selected /dev/sda), and I continued the installation... Thanks in advance for your help!

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• How to access a fake raid?

  - by maaartinus

  I have a fake raid, which I wanted to access using mdadm /dev/md0 -A -c 128 -l stripe --verbose /dev/sda /dev/sdc which should be right, as far as I understand the man page. But I get the message mdadm: option -l not valid in assemble mode leaving the offending option out leads to mdadm: failed to create /dev/md0 and (despite verbose) no more information. I'm assuming that -A requires some mdadm-specific header which is obviously missing. I probably need to use "build" instead of assemble, but from the description I'm really unsure whether this is a non-destructive operation. Is it? What should I exactly do? UPDATE I see I haven't made clear, that the array already exists as a fake-raid (I can't give the details about my mainboard now). It looks like doing nothing except for interleaving blocks, so I hoped it could be easily done using mdadm, too. Maybe I'm completely wrong, but all the info I've found was concerned with booting from fake-raid, what I don't really need. I'd be happy with a read access for now.

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• Ubuntu Server 11.10 boot, white terminal with garbled black text

  - by SpeedCrazy

  I just installed Ubuntu server 11.10 and the install went fine. This system is running on an Intel Pentium II board with onboard graphics. However when I try to boot into Ubuntu I get a white terminal with garbled black text. I have tried various grub 'fixes' as googling the issue seemed to suggest it was a res or grub related issue. I cannot ssh in so the issue does affect Linux as well. I have had no luck with anything thus far and am at my wits end. This was my first Ubuntu excursion as my friend told me it was better for servers than CentOS because it was easier... Not so much.... Does anyone have any ideas as to what the issue could be? When answering bear in mind I am an Ubuntu noob and Linux novice. As of 1/26/12 I have tried to add the console=ttyl line to the /etc/default/grub and run update-grub. This results in the line in the boot parameters that normally reads: linux /vmlunz-3.0.0-12-generic-pae root=/dev/mapper/dev-root rovt.handoff=7 now reads: linux /vmlunz-3.0.0-12-generic-pae root=/dev/mapper/dev-root ro console=ttyl vt.handoff=7 This does not work. Is there anyway to have console=ttyl inserted on a line by itself? I am at my wits ends, Thanks for all your help, Speed

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• Repair ext4 filesystem on USB drive

  - by phineas

  Yet another filesystem question. I wanted to use a USB drive that I hadn't mounted for a month or so and was surprised by the fact Ubuntu was unable to mount it. I looked it up in the disk utility and it said it discovered a device with 17 MB instead of 2 GB. The hardware looks intact, I hope for the best for repairing the ext4 filesystem. I followed the instructions from HOWTO: Repair a broken Ext4 Superblock in Ubuntu, but I wasn't successful. # fsck.ext4 -v /dev/sdb e2fsck 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012) ext2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block fsck.ext4: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... fsck.ext4: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdb The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 Filesystem blocks are invalid, however when I run the recommended solution to try the alternate superblock, I get the following output: # e2fsck -b 8193 /dev/sdb e2fsck 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012) e2fsck: Invalid argument while trying to open /dev/sdb plus the same error message as in the last paragraph above. Any ideas how to recover the drive? Thank you very much! Edit: testdisk won't help. I'm still stunned why the tools only discover 17 MB.

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• Existing laravel 4 project gives 404 in browser

  - by Richard A

  I'm trying to set up a development environment on a virtual machine running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS using Nginx and HHVM. To do this, I followed the tutorial here. This goes well with a new installation of Laravel. But when I import an existing Laravel 4 project and try to open that on my actual machine (which will serve as the client running Windows 7), I'm getting a 404 File Not Found error on the screen while connecting to http://sav.savrichard.dev. I did add this to the hosts file with the correct IP Address. The virtual machine is receiving the request and responds with a 404 error. How do I solve this error? I'm pretty new to Ubuntu so I'm not exactly sure what's wrong. The project is located at /var/www/sav.savrichard.net The server configuration is as follow: server { listen 80 default_server; root /var/www/sav.savrichard.net/public; index index.html index.htm index.php; server_name sav.savrichard.dev; access_log /var/log/nginx/localhost.sav.savrichard.dev-access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/localhost.sav.savrichard.dev-error.log error; charset utf-8; location / { try_files \$uri \$uri/ /index.php?\$query_string; } location = /favicon.ico { log_not_found off; access_log off; } location = /robots.txt { log_not_found off; access_log off; } error_page 404 /index.php; include hhvm.conf; # Deny .htaccess file access location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } And the hhvm.conf file is: location ~ \.(hh|php)$ { fastcgi_keep_conn on; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }

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• MySQL Workbench 5.2.43 GA released

  - by Alfredo Kojima

  The MySQL developer tools team announces the availability of version 5.2.43 of the MySQL Workbench GUI tool. This version contains various fixes and minor enhancements and includes 53 resolved bugs. With this version, Fedora 15 packages are replaced with Fedora 17. Also, Gatekeeper in Mac OS X Mountain Lion is now properly handled. For a full list of issues fixed in this release, see http://dev.mysql.com/doc/workbench/en/changes-5.2.x.html Please get your copy from our Downloads site. In Windows, you can also use the MySQL Windows Installer to update Workbench. Sources and binary packages are available for several platforms, including Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench/ Workbench Documentation can be found here. http://dev.mysql.com/doc/workbench/en/index.html Utilities Documentation can be found here. http://dev.mysql.com/doc/workbench/en/mysql-utilities.html If you need any additional info or help please get in touch with us. Post in our forums or leave comments on our blog pages. - The MySQL Workbench Team

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• How do I understand the partition table? (I want to start over.)

  - by Sammy Black

  I have Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid installed through wubi on my laptop (it came with Windows 7 preinstalled). This was my first foray into Linux, and I'm here to stay. I have no use for Windows, and yet I must manually choose not to boot into it! Should I shrink the Windows partition to something negligible and grow the Linux one using something like gparted or fdisk, and just be content that everything runs? In that case, I need to understand the filesystems. Which is which? Here's the output of $ df -h: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/loop0 17G 11G 4.5G 71% / none 1.8G 300K 1.8G 1% /dev none 1.8G 376K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm none 1.8G 316K 1.8G 1% /var/run none 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /var/lock none 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/sda3 290G 50G 240G 18% /host I would prefer to start over with a clean install of 10.10 Maverick, but I fear what I may lose. Certainly, I will backup my home directory tree (gzip?), but what about various pieces of software that I've acquired from the repositories? Can I keep a record of them? By the way, I asked a similar question over on Ubuntu forums.

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• Re-installing Ubuntu without losing files, how to?

  - by moraleida

  Sometime back i bought a second PC to serve as my backup machine, but i've never managed to have it as i would like. Now i want to start over, but i've messed so much with it's disks that i'm kinda afraid to lose something on the way, thus this question. Right now, I have a 1Tb disk partitioned like this (as per GParted): /dev/sda1 (ext4) 346.12Gb - Is almost full, has an old install of Ubuntu 11.10. It no longer boots, ever since i installed Windows7 on /sda3. Everything that matters to me is tucked into /var/www/ all the rest can just go. /dev/sda2 (ext4) 196.45Gb - has an old install of 12.04 and nothing important, it's pretty much empty and also doesn't boot. /dev/sda3 (ntfs) 377.97Gb - is my boot partition with Windows 7, some important files and I'd like to keep it untouched. /dev/sda4 (extended) 10.97Gb - was created when i first installed Ubuntu, i think. In my ideal world, I'd like to safely reinstall Ubuntu from the 12.04 liveUSB and merge sda1 and sda2 without losing any files. Is that possible? How?

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• How can I install from a 9.04 live USB/DVD?

  - by bstpierre

  I have a 9.04 (Jaunty) ISO burned to a USB stick; it appears to be a "live DVD". When I boot from it, I get a GRUB menu listing: Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-generic (This matches the system currently installed on the HDD?) Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.35-generic (recovery mode) Memory test Ubuntu 9.04, kernel 2.6.28-11-generic (on /dev/sda1) Ubuntu 9.04, kernel 2.6.28-11-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/sda1) Ubuntu 9.04, memtest86+ (on /dev/sda1) When I select Ubuntu 9.04, kernel 2.6.28-11-generic (on /dev/sda1), I arrive at the desktop of a 9.04 system. I want to wipe the HDD clean and install 9.04. (Upgrading to something newer is not an option; this version is required by a legacy application.) How can I install from this live USB image? I vaguely remember some incantation that I should be able to use in the booted system, but my google-fu is broken at the moment. I'm comfortable with low-level commands, so if you want to recommend a more hard-core strategy, I'm willing to roll with it without requiring a ton of detail...

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• Ubuntu 12.04 takes too long to boot

  - by msPeachy

  I've recently encountered the following error message: mount: mounting /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f7f5cd9d-6ea3-4da7-b5ec-**** on /root failed: Invalid argument mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /proc on /root/proc failed: No such file or directory Target file system doesn't have /sbin/init. No init found. Try passing init= bootarg. Busybox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs) _ I run sudo fsck /dev/sda2 which is the Ubuntu ext4 root partition via LiveCD. It checked and fixed the file system. The next time I boot, Ubuntu started to load with the Ubuntu logo and the dots underneath for several hours (with the mouse pointer active on the screen), I even let the computer on overnight but still it did not successfully boot or got to the login screen in the morning. I booted again with the LiveCD and checked the NTFS partitions with ntfsfix and again the NTFS partitions was checked and fixed successfully. I also edited my fstab and commented out the lines that auto-mounts the NTFS partitions. The next time I boot, it took almost 20 minutes for Ubuntu to get to the login screen, after typing the password it took an additional 10 minutes for Ubuntu to get to the desktop. On the desktop, it take several minutes to open any program, displaying the Dash alone takes 5 minutes! Is there a fix for this without having to reinstall Ubuntu? I don't see or get any errors, Ubuntu is just taking too long to boot and to run programs. Please help!

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• Quitting a small start-up where you are a primary developer?

  - by programmx10

  Just curious to hear from other people who may have been in similar situations. I work for a small startup (very small) where I am the main developer for a major part of the app they are building, the other dev they have does a different area of work than I do so couldn't take over my part. I've been with the company 5 months, or so, but I am looking at going to a more stable company soon because its just getting to be too much stress, overtime, pressure, etc for too little benefit and I miss working with other developers who can help out on a project. The guy is happy with my work and I think I've helped them get pretty far but I've realized I just don't like being this much "on the edge" as its hard to tell what the direction of the company is going to be since its so new. Also, even though I'm the main dev for the project, I would still only consider myself a mid-level dev and am selling myself as such for the new job search. Just to add more detail, I'm not a partner or anything in the company and this was never discussed, so I just work on a W2 (with no benefits of course). I work at home so that makes it easier to leave, I guess, but I don't want to just screw the guy over but also don't want to be tied in for too long. Obviously I would plan to give 2 weeks notice at least, but should I give more? How should I bring up the subject because I know its going to be a touchy thing to bring up. Any advice is appreciated UPDATE: Thanks everyone for posting on this, I have now just completed the process of accepting an offer with a larger company and quitting the startup. I have given 2 weeks notice and have offered to make myself available after that if needed, basically its a really small company at this point so it would only be 1 dev that I would have to deal with... anyways, it looks like it may work out well as far as me maintaining a good relationship with the founder for future work together, I made it out to be more of a personal / lifestyle issue than about their flaws / shortcomings which definitely seems to help in leaving on a good note

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• Issue with increasing the root partition from the swap

  - by user211761

  I have an issue with increase the size of my root partition. I have ElementaryOS Luna, and while installing it asked me how much space I want to use. I choosed 15 GB for it, because I want to use this as an alternative system. The issue is that after the installation was complete, I found out that my root partition is only 7 GB big, and SWAP is 8 GB which is useless cuz I have 8 GB of RAM. Now I want to shrink the swap and increase the size of my root partition, so I booted the LiveCD and used GParted. I shrinked the swap without any problems, but now I cant add that free space to any partition. I also turned Swap off. I would add a picture, but I need at least 10 reputation to post images ( Stupid ) Its also worth mentioning that in Gparted its showing my partition in a different way. I would post an image BUT I CANT, so I need to write it down. Its something like this [Pointing arrow down] /dev/sda4 Extended /dev/sda5 ntfs /dev/sda6 ext4 (Which is my main partition) /dev/sda7 linux-swap unallocated Picture:

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• Apache strace to hunt down a memory leak

  - by Zipp

  We have a server with a memory issue: the server keeps allocating itself memory and doesn't release it. We're running Apache. I set MaxReqsPerClient to a really low value just so the threads don't hold a lot of memory, but has anyone seen calls like this? Am I wrong in thinking that it's probably Drupal pulling too much data back from the cache in DB? read(52, "h_index\";a:2:{s:6:\"weight\";i:1;s"..., 6171) = 1368 read(52, "\";a:2:{s:6:\"author\";a:3:{s:5:\"la"..., 4803) = 1368 read(52, ":\"description\";s:19:\"Term name t"..., 3435) = 1368 read(52, "abel\";s:4:\"Name\";s:11:\"descripti"..., 2067) = 1368 read(52, "ions\";a:2:{s:4:\"form\";a:3:{s:4:\""..., 16384) = 708 brk(0x2ab554396000) = 0x2ab5542f5000 mmap(NULL, 1048576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2ab55f653000 brk(0x2ab554356000) = 0x2ab5542f5000 mmap(NULL, 1048576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2ab55f753000 brk(0x2ab554356000) = 0x2ab5542f5000 mmap(NULL, 1048576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2ab55f853000 brk(0x2ab554356000) = 0x2ab5542f5000 mmap(NULL, 1048576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2ab55f953000 brk(0x2ab554356000) = 0x2ab5542f5000 mmap(NULL, 1048576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2ab55fa53000 brk(0x2ab554356000) = 0x2ab5542f5000 mmap(NULL, 1048576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2ab55fb53000 brk(0x2ab554356000) = 0x2ab5542f5000 mmap(NULL, 1048576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2ab55fc53000 poll([{fd=52, events=POLLIN|POLLPRI}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout) write(52, "d\0\0\0\3SELECT cid, data, created, "..., 104) = 104 read(52, "\1\0\0\1\5E\0\0\2\3def\23drupal_database_nam"..., 16384) = 1368 read(52, ";s:11:\"granularity\";a:5:{s:4:\"ye"..., 34783) = 1368 read(52, ":4:\"date\";}s:9:\"datestamp\";a:9:{"..., 33415) = 1368 read(52, "\";i:0;s:15:\"display_default\";i:0"..., 32047) = 1368 read(52, "e as an integer value.\";s:8:\"set"..., 30679) = 1368 read(52, "label' pairs, i.e. 'Fraction': 0"..., 29311) = 1368 top (the procs just keep growing in memory..): 12845 apache 15 0 581m 246m 37m S 0.0 4.1 0:17.39 httpd 12846 apache 15 0 571m 235m 37m S 0.0 4.0 0:12.13 httpd 12833 apache 15 0 420m 117m 37m S 0.0 2.0 0:06.04 httpd 12851 apache 15 0 412m 113m 37m S 0.0 1.9 0:05.32 httpd 13871 apache 15 0 409m 109m 37m S 0.0 1.8 0:04.90 httpd 12844 apache 15 0 407m 108m 37m S 0.0 1.8 0:04.50 httpd 13870 apache 15 0 407m 108m 37m S 0.3 1.8 0:03.50 httpd 14903 apache 15 0 402m 103m 37m S 0.3 1.7 0:01.29 httpd 14850 apache 15 0 397m 100m 37m S 0.0 1.7 0:02.08 httpd 14907 apache 15 0 390m 93m 36m S 0.0 1.6 0:01.32 httpd 13872 apache 15 0 386m 91m 37m S 0.0 1.5 0:03.13 httpd 12843 apache 15 0 373m 81m 37m S 0.0 1.4 0:02.51 httpd 14901 apache 15 0 370m 75m 33m S 0.0 1.3 0:00.78 httpd 14904 apache 15 0 335m 29m 15m S 0.0 0.5 0:00.26 httpd

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• How to get same cookie to control two different folders on same site.

  - by Incandescent

  I am using the below cookie javascript to run a background color changer on my site. I want to also use it for the background color of my forum which is in a separate folder (http://lightbulbchoice.com/forum). I currently have it working on both the site and forum but you have to set each separately, i.e., each is setting it's own cookie. How do I get the forum to locate the main site cookie and not set it's own? // Cookie Functions - Second Helping (21-Jan-96) // Written by: Bill Dortch, hIdaho Design // The following functions were released to the public domain by him. function getCookieVal (offset) { var endstr = document.cookie.indexOf (";", offset); if (endstr == -1) endstr = document.cookie.length; return unescape(document.cookie.substring(offset, endstr)); } function GetCookie (name) { var arg = name + "="; var alen = arg.length; var clen = document.cookie.length; var i = 0; while (i < clen) { var j = i + alen; if (document.cookie.substring(i, j) == arg) return getCookieVal (j); i = document.cookie.indexOf(" ", i) + 1; if (i == 0) break; } return null; } function SetCookie (name, value) { var argv = SetCookie.arguments; var argc = SetCookie.arguments.length; var expires = (argc > 2) ? argv[2] : null; var path = (argc > 3) ? argv[3] : null; var domain = (argc > 4) ? argv[4] : null; var secure = (argc > 5) ? argv[5] : false; document.cookie = name + "=" + escape (value) + ((expires == null) ? "" : ("; expires=" + expires.toGMTString())) + ((path == null) ? "" : ("; path=" + path)) + ((domain == null) ? "" : ("; domain=" + domain)) + ((secure == true) ? "; secure" : ""); } // --> </script>

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• Hook IDispatch v-table in C++

  - by monoceres

  I'm trying to modify the behavior of an IDispatch interface already present in the system. To do this my plan was to hook into the objects v-table during runtime and modify the pointers so it points to a custom hook method instead. If I can get this to work I can add new methods and properties to already existing objects. Nice. First I tried hooking into the v-table for IUnknown (from which IDispatch inherits from) and that worked fine. However trying to change entires in IDispatch doesn't work at all. Nothing happens at all, the code works just as it did without the hook. Here's the code, it's very simple so it shouldn't be any problems to understand #include <iostream> #include <windows.h> #include <Objbase.h> #pragma comment (lib,"Ole32.lib") using namespace std; HRESULT __stdcall typecount(IDispatch *self,UINT*u) { cout << "hook" << endl; *u=1; return S_OK; } int main() { CoInitialize(NULL); // Get clsid from name CLSID clsid; CLSIDFromProgID(L"shell.application",&clsid); // Create instance IDispatch *obj=NULL; CoCreateInstance(clsid,NULL,CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,__uuidof(IDispatch),(void**)&obj); // Get vtable and offset in vtable for idispatch void* iunknown_vtable= (void*)*((unsigned int*)obj); // There are three entries in IUnknown, therefore add 12 to go to IDispatch void* idispatch_vtable = (void*)(((unsigned int)iunknown_vtable)+12); // Get pointer of first emtry in IDispatch vtable (GetTypeInfoCount) unsigned int* v1 = (unsigned int*)iunknown_vtable; // Change memory permissions so address can be overwritten DWORD old; VirtualProtect(v1,4,PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,&old); // Override v-table pointer *v1 = (unsigned int) typecount; // Try calling GetTypeInfo count, should now be hooked. But isn't works as usual UINT num=0; obj->GetTypeInfoCount(&num); /* HRESULT hresult; OLECHAR FAR* szMember = (OLECHAR*)L"MinimizeAll"; DISPID dispid; DISPPARAMS dispparamsNoArgs = {NULL, NULL, 0, 0}; hresult = obj->GetIDsOfNames(IID_NULL, &szMember, 1, LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT, &dispid) ; hresult = obj->Invoke(dispid,IID_NULL,LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT,DISPATCH_METHOD,&dispparamsNoArgs, NULL, NULL, NULL); */ } Thanks in advance!

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• What is wrong with my PHP/MySQL code?

  - by James

  I am building a navigation menu which lists all my categories and subcategories. The problem is it returns only one of these and not all. I have the categories echoed inside the while loop so I'm not sure why it's only showing one result and not all: <?php $query = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM categories_parent"); while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($query)) { $id = $row['id']; $name = $row['name']; $slug = $row['slug']; $childStatus = $row['child_status']; // if has child categories if ($childStatus == "1") { echo "<li class='dir'><a href='category.php?slug=$slug'>$name</a>"; echo "<ul id='dropdown'>"; $query = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM categories_child WHERE parent=$id"); while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($query)) { $id = $row['id']; $name = $row['name']; $slug = $row['slug']; echo "<li><a href='category.php?slug=$slug'>$name</a></li>"; } echo "</ul>"; echo "</li>"; } // if singular parent else { echo "<li><a href='category.php?slug=$slug'>$name</a></li>"; } } ?> My database tables: -- -- Table structure for table `categories_child` -- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `categories_child` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(1000) NOT NULL, `slug` varchar(1000) NOT NULL, `parent` int(11) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=139 ; -- -- Dumping data for table `categories_child` -- INSERT INTO `categories_child` (`id`, `name`, `slug`, `parent`) VALUES (138, 'Britney Spears', 'category/celiberties/britney-spears/', 137), (136, 'Tigers', 'category/animals/tigers/', 136), (137, 'Horses', 'category/animals/horses/', 136), (135, 'Lions', 'category/animals/lions/', 136); -- -- Table structure for table `categories_parent` -- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `categories_parent` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(1000) NOT NULL, `slug` varchar(1000) NOT NULL, `child_status` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=139 ; -- -- Dumping data for table `categories_parent` -- INSERT INTO `categories_parent` (`id`, `name`, `slug`, `child_status`) VALUES (137, 'Celiberties', 'category/celiberties/', 1), (138, 'TV Shows', 'category/tv-shows/', 0), (136, 'Animals', 'category/animals/', 1);

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