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  • Python: import the containing package

    - by guy
    In a module residing inside a package, i have the need to use a function defined within the __init__.py of that package. how can i import the package within the module that resides within the package, so i can use that function? Importing __init__ inside the module will not import the package, but instead a module named __init__, leading to two copies of things with different names... Is there a pythonic way to do this?

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  • Match HTML tags in two strings using regex in Python

    - by jack
    I want to verify that the HTML tags present in a source string are also present in a target string. For example: >> source = '<em>Hello</em><label>What's your name</label>' >> verify_target(’<em>Hi</em><label>My name is Jim</label>') True >> verify_target('<label>My name is Jim</label><em>Hi</em>') True >> verify_target('<em>Hi<label>My name is Jim</label></em>') False

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  • Take the intersection of an arbitrary number of lists in python

    - by thepandaatemyface
    Suppose I have a list of lists of elements which are all the same (i'll use ints in this example) [range(100)[::4], range(100)[::3], range(100)[::2], range(100)[::1]] What would be a nice and/or efficient way to take the intersection of these lists (so you would get every element that is in each of the lists)? For the example that would be: [0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96]

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  • Small Python optional arguments question

    - by ooboo
    I have two functions: def f(a,b,c=g(b)): blabla def g(n): blabla c is an optional argument in function f. If the user does not specify its value, the program should compute g(b) and that would be the value of c. But the code does not compile - it says name 'b' is not defined. How to fix that? Someone suggested: def g(b): blabla def f(a,b,c=None): if c is None: c = g(b) blabla But this doesn't work, because maybe the user intended c to be None and then c will have another value.

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  • implement bank using python programming

    - by prajakta
    Write software for a bank. The program should be menu driven with the facility for bank employees to perform various operations. It should be written using all concepts of Object Oriented programming. You should be able to save your data in a file and read it back (because the bank people will shut down their computers when they go home :p ) Guidelines: The program may select to implement classes like Bank, Account, Savings Account, Fixed Deposit account, Customer, Depositor, Borrower, Transaction, etc.

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  • How to permanently change a variable in a Python game loop

    - by Wehrdo
    I have a game loop like this: #The velocity of the object velocity_x = 0.09 velocity_y = 0.03 #If the location of the object is over 5, bounce off. if loc_x > 5: velocity_x = (velocity_x * -1) if loc_y > 5: velocity_y = (velocity_y * -1) #Every frame set the object's position to the old position plus the velocity obj.setPosition([(loc_x + velocity_x),(loc_y + velocity_y),0]) Basically, my problem is that in the if loops, I change the variable from its original value to the inverse of its old value. But because I declare the variable's value at the beginning of the script, the velocity variables don't stay on what I change it to. I need a way to change the variable's value permanently. Thank you!

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  • finding max in python as per some custom criterion

    - by MK
    Hi, I can do max(s) to find the max of a sequence. But suppose I want to compute max according to my own function , something like so - currmax = 0 def mymax(s) : for i in s : #assume arity() attribute is present currmax = i.arity() if i.arity() > currmax else currmax Is there a clean pythonic way of doing this? Thanks!

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  • Python - List of Lists Slicing Behavior

    - by Dan Dobint
    When I define a list and try to change a single item like this: list_of_lists = [['a', 'a', 'a'], ['a', 'a', 'a'], ['a', 'a', 'a']] list_of_lists[1][1] = 'b' for row in list_of_lists: print row It works as intended. But when I try to use list comprehension to create the list: row = ['a' for range in xrange(3)] list_of_lists = [row for range in xrange(3)] list_of_lists[1][1] = 'b' for row in list_of_lists: print row It results in an entire column of items in the list being changed. Why is this? How can I achieve the desired effect with list comprehension?

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  • Have no idea with python-excel read data file

    - by Protoss Reed
    I am a student and haven't a big expirence to do this work. So problem is next. I have a part of code: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from pylab import * import cmath def sf(prompt): """ """ error_message = "Value must be integer and greater or equal than zero" while True: val = raw_input(prompt) try: val = float(val) except ValueError: print(error_message) continue if val <= 0: print(error_message) continue return val def petrogen_elements(): """Input and calculations the main parameters for pertogen elements""" print "Please enter Petrogen elements: \r" SiO2 = sf("SiO2: ") Al2O3= sf("Al2O3: ") Na2O = sf("Na2O: ") K2O = sf("K2O: ") petro = [SiO2,TiO2,Al2O3,] Sum = sum(petro) Alcal = Na2O + K2O TypeA lcal= Na2O / K2O Ka= (Na2O + K2O)/ Al2O3 print '-'*20, "\r Alcal: %s \r TypeAlcal: %s \ \r Ka: %s \r" % (Alcal, TypeAlcal,Ka,) petrogen_elements() So the problem is next. I have to load and read excel file and read all data in it. After that program have to calculate for example Alcaline, Type of Alcaline etc. Excel file has only this structure 1 2 3 4 5   1 name1 SiO2 Al2O3 Na2O K2O 2 32 12 0.21 0.1 3 name2 SiO2 Al2O3 Na2O K2O 4 45 8 7.54 5 5 name3 SiO2 Al2O3 Na2O K2O 6. … …. …. … … … All excel file has only 5 columns and unlimited rows. User has choice input data or import excel file. First part of work I have done but it stays a big part Finally I need to read all file and calculate the values. I would be so grateful for some advice

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  • Python GUI does not update until entire process is finished

    - by ccwhite1
    I have a process that gets a files from a directory and puts them in a list. It then iterates that list in a loop. The last line of the loop being where it should update my gui display, then it begins the loop again with the next item in the list. My problem is that it does not actually update the gui until the entire process is complete, which depending on the size of the list could be 30 seconds to over a minute. This gives the feeling of the program being 'hung' What I wanted it to do was to process one line in the list, update the gui and then continue. Where did I go wrong? The line to update the list is # Populate listview with drive contents. The print statements are just for debug. def populateList(self): print "populateList" sSource = self.txSource.Value sDest = self.txDest.Value # re-intialize listview and validated list self.listView1.DeleteAllItems() self.validatedMove = None self.validatedMove = [] #Create list of files listOfFiles = getList(sSource) #prompt if no files detected if listOfFiles == []: self.lvActions.Append([datetime.datetime.now(),"Parse Source for .MP3 files","No .MP3 files in source directory"]) #Populate list after both Source and Dest are chosen if len(sDest) > 1 and len(sDest) > 1: print "-iterate listOfFiles" for file in listOfFiles: sFilename = os.path.basename(file) sTitle = getTitle(file) sArtist = getArtist(file) sAlbum = getAblum(file) # Make path = sDest + Artist + Album sDestDir = os.path.join (sDest, sArtist) sDestDir = os.path.join (sDestDir, sAlbum) #If file exists change destination to *.copyX.mp3 sDestDir = self.defineDestFilename(os.path.join(sDestDir,sFilename)) # Populate listview with drive contents self.listView1.Append([sFilename,sTitle,sArtist,sAlbum,sDestDir]) #populate list to later use in move command self.validatedMove.append([file,sDestDir]) print "-item added to SourceDest list" else: print "-list not iterated"

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  • python iterators and thread-safety

    - by Igor
    I have a class which is being operated on by two functions. One function creates a list of widgets and writes it into the class: def updateWidgets(self): widgets = self.generateWidgetList() self.widgets = widgets the other function deals with the widgets in some way: def workOnWidgets(self): for widget in self.widgets: self.workOnWidget(widget) each of these functions runs in it's own thread. the question is, what happens if the updateWidgets() thread executes while the workOnWidgets() thread is running? I am assuming that the iterator created as part of the for...in loop will keep some kind of reference to the old self.widgets object? So I will finish iterating over the old list... but I'd love to know for sure.

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  • Using a regex to match IP addresses in Python

    - by MHibbin
    I'm trying to make a test for checking whether a sys.argv input matches the regex for an IP address... As a simple test, I have the following... import re pat = re.compile("\d{1,3}.\d{1,3}.\d{1,3}.\d{1,3}") test = pat.match(hostIP) if test: print "Acceptable ip address" else: print "Unacceptable ip address" However when I pass random values into it, it returns "Acceptable ip address" in most cases, except when I have an "address" that is basically equivalent to \d+ Any thoughts welcome. Cheers Matt

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  • Redirect print in Python: val = print(arg) to output mixed iterable to file

    - by emcee
    So lets say I have an incredibly nested iterable of lists/dictionaries. I would like to print them to a file as easily as possible. Why can't I just redirect print to a file? val = print(arg) gets a SyntaxError. Is there a way to access stdinput? And why does print take forever with massive strings? Bad programming on my side for outputting massive strings, but quick debugging--and isn't that leveraging the strength of an interactive prompt? There's probably also an easier way than my gripe. Has the hive-mind an answer?

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  • Python: For loop problem

    - by Yasmin
    I have a simple for loop problem, when i run the code below it prints out series of 'blue green' sequences then a series of 'green' sequences. I want the output to be; if row[4] is equal to 1 to print blue else print green. for row in rows: for i in `row[4]`: if i ==`1`: print 'blue ' else: print 'green ' Any help would be grateful thanks Yas

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  • Best practice for Python Assert

    - by meade
    Is there a performance or code maintenance issue with using assert as part of the standard code instead of using it just for debugging purposes? Is assert x >= 0, 'x is less then zero' and better or worse then if x < 0: raise Exception, 'x is less then zero' Also, is there anyway to set a business rule like if x < 0 raise error that is always checked with out the try, except, finally so, if at anytime throughout the code x is < 0 an error is raised, like if you set assert x < 0 at the start of a function, anywhere within the function where x becomes less then 0 an exception is raised?

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  • Parsing text file in python

    - by Ockonal
    Hello, I have html-file. I have to replace all text between this: [%anytext%]. As I understand, it's very easy to do with BeautifulSoup for parsing hmtl. But what is regular expression and how to remove&write back text data?

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  • Get Path of Uploaded File using Python

    - by Ali
    Is it possible to get the full path of the file on the user's computer being uploaded to my site? Using os.path.abspath(fileitem.filename) simply gets me the address of where my script is executing from on my shared hosting server. FYI: fileitem = form['file'] and form = cgi.FieldStorage()

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  • ListCtrl - wxPython / Python

    - by Francisco Aleixo
    Hello everyone. My question is if we can assign/bind some value to a certain item and hide that value(or if we can do the same thing in another way). Example: Lets say the columns on ListCtrl are "Name" and "Description": self.lc = wx.ListCtrl(self, -1, style=wx.LC_REPORT) self.lc.InsertColumn(0, 'Name') self.lc.InsertColumn(1, 'Description') And when I add a item I want them to show the Name parameter and the description: num_items = self.lc.GetItemCount() self.lc.InsertStringItem(num_items, "Randomname") self.lc.SetStringItem(num_items, 1, "Some description here") Now what I want to do is basically assign something to that item that is not shown so I can access later on the app. So I would like to add something that is not shown on the app but is on the item value like: hiddendescription = "Somerandomthing" Still didn't undestand? Well lets say I add a button to add a item with some other TextCtrls to set the parameters and the TextCtrls parameters are: "Name" "Description" "Hiddendescription" So then the user fills this textctrls out and clicks the button to create the item, and I basically want only to show the Name and Description and hide the "HiddenDescription" but to do it so I can use it later. Sorry for explaining more than 1 time on this post but I want to make sure you understand what I pretend to do.

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  • How to loop over nodes with xmlfeed using scrapy python

    - by Kour ipm
    Hi i working on scrapy and trying xml feeds first time, below is my code class TestxmlItemSpider(XMLFeedSpider): name = "TestxmlItem" allowed_domains = {"http://www.nasinteractive.com"} start_urls = [ "http://www.nasinteractive.com/jobexport/advance/hcantexasexport.xml" ] iterator = 'iternodes' itertag = 'job' def parse_node(self, response, node): title = node.select('title/text()').extract() job_code = node.select('job-code/text()').extract() detail_url = node.select('detail-url/text()').extract() category = node.select('job-category/text()').extract() print title,";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;" print job_code,";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;" item = TestxmlItem() item['title'] = node.select('title/text()').extract() ....... return item result: File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.3-py2.7.egg/scrapy/item.py", line 56, in __setitem__ (self.__class__.__name__, key)) exceptions.KeyError: 'TestxmlItem does not support field: title' Totally there are 200+ items so i need to loop over and assign the node text to item but here all the results are displaying at once when we print, actually how can we loop over on nodes in scraping xml files with xmlfeedspider

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  • How to read a file with variable multi-row data in Python

    - by dr.bunsen
    I have a file that is about 100Mb that looks like this: #meta data 1 skadjflaskdjfasljdfalskdjfl sdkfjhasdlkgjhsdlkjghlaskdj asdhfk #meta data 2 jflaksdjflaksjdflkjasdlfjas ldaksjflkdsajlkdfj #meta data 3 alsdkjflasdjkfglalaskdjf This file contains one row of meta data that corresponds to several, variable length data containing only alpha-numeric characters. What is the best way to read this data into a simple list like this: data = [[#meta data 1, skadjflaskdjfasljdfalskdjflsdkfjhasdlkgjhsdlkjghlaskdjasdhfk], [#meta data 2, jflaksdjflaksjdflkjasdlfjasldaksjflkdsajlkdfj], [#meta data 3, alsdkjflasdjkfglalaskdjf]] My initial idea was to use the read() method to read the whole file into memory and then use regular expressions to parse the data into the desired format. Is there a better more pythonic way? All metadata lines start with an octothorpe and all data lines are all alpha-numeric. Thanks!

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  • Access class instance "name" dynamically in Python

    - by user328317
    In plain english: I am creating class instances dynamically in a for loop, the class then defines a few attributes for the instance. I need to later be able to look up those values in another for loop. Sample code: class A: def init(self, name, attr): self.name=name self.attr=attr names=("a1", "a2", "a3") x=10 for name in names: name=A(name, x) x += 1 ... ... ... for name in names: print name.attr How can I create an identifier for these instances so they can be accessed later on by "name"? I've figured a way to get this by associating "name" with the memory location: class A: instances=[] names=[] def init(self, name, attr): self.name=name self.attr=attr A.instances.append(self) A.names.append(name) names=("a1", "a2", "a3") x=10 for name in names: name=A(name, x) x += 1 ... ... ... for name in names: index=A.names.index(name) print "name: " + name print "att: " + str(A.instances[index].att) This has had me scouring the web for 2 days now, and I have not been able to find an answer. Maybe I don't know how to ask the question properly, or maybe it can't be done (as many other posts seemed to be suggesting). Now this 2nd example works, and for now I will use it. I'm just thinking there has to be an easier way than creating your own makeshift dictionary of index numbers and I'm hoping I didn't waste 2 days looking for an answer that doesn't exist. Anyone have anything? Thanks in advance, Andy Update: A coworker just showed me what he thinks is the simplest way and that is to make an actual dictionary of class instances using the instance "name" as the key.

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  • How do I calculate percentiles with python/numpy?

    - by Uri
    Is there a convenient way to calculate percentiles for a sequence or single-dimensional numpy array? I am looking for something similar to Excel's percentile function. I looked in NumPy's statistics reference, and couldn't find this. All I could find is the median (50th percentile), but not something more specific.

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  • Plotting 3D Polygons in python-matplotlib

    - by Developer
    I was unsuccessful browsing web for a solution for the following simple question: How to draw 3D polygon (say a filled rectangle or triangle) using vertices values? I have tried many ideas but all failed, see: from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D from matplotlib.collections import PolyCollection import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig = plt.figure() ax = Axes3D(fig) x = [0,1,1,0] y = [0,0,1,1] z = [0,1,0,1] verts = [zip(x, y,z)] ax.add_collection3d(PolyCollection(verts),zs=z) plt.show() I appreciate in advance any idea/comment. Updates based on the accepted answer: import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d as a3 import matplotlib.colors as colors import pylab as pl import scipy as sp ax = a3.Axes3D(pl.figure()) for i in range(10000): vtx = sp.rand(3,3) tri = a3.art3d.Poly3DCollection([vtx]) tri.set_color(colors.rgb2hex(sp.rand(3))) tri.set_edgecolor('k') ax.add_collection3d(tri) pl.show() Here is the result:

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