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• Client-side certificates

  - by walshms

  My company purchased a wildcard certificate from a vendor. This certificate was successfully configured with Apache 2.2 to secure a subdomain. Everything on the SSL side works. Now I'm required to generate x509 client-side certificates to issue for this subdomain. I'm following along this page: (http://www.vanemery.com/Linux/Apache/apache-SSL.html), starting with "Creating Client Certificates for Authentication". I've generated the p12 files and successfully imported them into Firefox. When I browse to the site now, I get an error in FireFox that says "The connection to the server was reset while the page was loading." I think my problem is coming from not signing the client-side correctly. When I sign the client-side certificate, I'm using the PEM file (RapidSSL_CA_bundle.pem) from RapidSSL (who we bought the certificate from) for the -CA argument. For the -CAkey argument, I'm using the private key of the server. Is this correct?

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• Securing NTP: which method to use?

  - by Harry

  Can someone good at NTP configuration please share which method is the best/easiest to implement a secure, tamper-proof version of NTP? Here are some difficulties... I don't have the luxury of having my own stratum 0 time source, so must rely on external time servers. Should I read up on the AutoKey method or should I try to go the MD5 route? Based on what I know about symmetric cryptography, it seems that the MD5 method relies on a pre-agreed set of keys (symmetric cryptography) between the client and the server, and, so, is prone to man-in-the-middle attack. AutoKey, on the other hand, does not appear to work behind a NAT or a masquerading host. Is this still true, by the way? (This reference link is dated 2004, so I'm not sure what is the state of art today.) 4.1 Are public AutoKey-talking time servers available? I browsed through the NTP book by David Mills. The book looks excellent in a way (coming from the NTP creator after all), but the information therein is also overwhelming. I just need to first configure a secure version of NTP and then may be later worry about its architectural and engineering underpinnings. Can someone please wade me through these drowning NTP waters? Don't necessarily need a working config from you, just info on which NTP mode/config to try and may be also a public time server that supports that mode/config. Many thanks, /HS

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• How to configure mercurial access controls using apache and hgweb?

  - by Gj1

  I have set up a mercurial repo to be served using apache+wsgi+hgweb on OS X. It is now completely open to anyone who stumbles upon my server on the correct port number.. How can I set it up so that only people with a username+password pair that I approve can pull and/or push from the repo? I know how to very easily achieve this using ssh, but in this specific case the requirement is that the solution doesn't require defining full fledged user accounts on the machine for each person whom I'd like to give access to the repo.

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• Icon on user account desktop before the user has logged in.

  - by JHamill

  Currently working on a Windows 7 deployment project and I have a requirement to place an RDP icon on a specific users desktop, lets call this user 'Guest'. The image itself will be completely vanilla and all user accounts will be created using commands in the Unattend file. The 'Guest' account will not be a local admin and so it will not be the account used for autologon during the application of the unattend file. As a result of this, the 'Guest' profile will not have been created so I'm unable to simply place the icon at C:\Users\Guest\Desktop. Is there a way to place an icon on this specific users desktop prior to logging in with it? I know there are ways around this i.e. include this account in the base image and log in with it in order to create the profile but I'd like to keep the base image as vanilla as possible. Any ideas or pointers would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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• Running Radius on a Novell Backbone

  - by YsoL8

  Hello I am a rookie network engineer and I've been asked to create a secure wireless system intergrated with an existing network. So far I'd decided to use 802.1x secuity with a Radius enabled server over a Novell backbone. My question is: does Novell still support this type of server setup? I heard rumours it is at the end of it's supported life and I'd like some confirmation. Also can I get some recommendations on better backbone / server providers. Cheers

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• How to set up Drupal Plugin Manager on MAMP in a secure way?

  - by Andrei

  Hi, I use MAMP PRO as global webserver. First of all, is it a good idea? Secondly, my objective is to run a Drupal website with as easy management as possible. Now I want to use Plugin Manager module to install additional modules and themes for my website. It wants to use ftp for that, and I know that if I open access to FTP port then IT-department guys will come to me and ask to shut it down. So I wonder if there is a way to allow Plugin Manager to install modules, having the port 21 closed somehow?

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• OSX - Update "Java for OS X 2012-002" is not mentioned on support.apple.com, is this ok?

  - by snies

  Straight after installing "Java for OS X 2012-001" Software Update asks me to install "Java for OS X 2012-002", which has the exact same size (66.6 MB) and description (including the same two links: HT5055 and HT1222) as the former, which strikes me as odd. The "Java for OS X 2012-001" is described on the apple support pages, but the "Java for OS X 2012-002" is not mentioned anywhere. Also searching on google does not yield any usable results. What is your opinon? Am i paranoid? Did you also see this update?

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• Adjust iptables

  - by madunix

  cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables: # Firewall configuration written by system-config-securitylevel # Manual customization of this file is not recommended. *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0] -A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 51 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -d X.0.0.Y -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp -s X.Y.Z.W --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -s M.M.M.M --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT I have the above following IPtables on my linux web server(Apache/MySQL), I want to have the following: Block any traffic from multiple IP's to my web server IP1:1.2.3.4.5, IP2:6.7.8.9 ..etc Limiting one host to 20 connections to 80 port, which should not affect non-malicious user, but would render slowloris unusable from one host. Limit MYSQL port 3306 access on my server only to the following IP range A.B.C.D/255.255.255.240 Block any ICMP traffic.

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• I am starting to think that Prevx.com isnt a legit site...but heres my long-winded question

  - by cop1152

  I apologize in advance for the long-winded post. I posted it all because I believe its informative and may be useful. Also, I posted my question at the end. Moments ago I was RDC to a file server in my home (from inside my home). I had opened Firefox and Googled for a manufacturers website. Immediately after clicking the link, Firefox abruptly closed. This seemed odd to me to so I checked the running processes and discovered d.exe, e.exe, and f.exe running. I Googled these processes on a different machine and found them belonging to a key-logger/screen-capturer/trojan called defender.exe, which according to the Prevx lives in c:\documents and settings\user\local settings\temp. (Prevx link http://www.prevx.com/filenames/147352809685142526-X1/DEFENDER32.EXE.html) Simultaneously, an obviously-spoofed Windows Firewall popup appeared on the server asking me to click ‘yes’ to update Windows Firewall. At this time I ended all rogue processes, emptied the temp folder, removed defender.exe from startup, and checked my registry and a few other locations. Before deleting Defender.exe I noted that it was created moments ago, just before Firefox crashed. I believe that I was ‘almost’ infected with this malware. I believe that it needed me to click the phony popup in order to complete infection because it wasn’t allowed to execute processes from the temp folder. After cleaning the machine, I restarted it and have been monitoring it for over an hour. I am debating on whether or not to restore the Windows partition (a separate physical drive from the data) or to just watch it for awhle. I should mention that, because of the specs on this machine, I do not run antivirus software, but I know it well and inspect it regularly. It is a very old Compaq with a 400mhz processer and 512mb of ram. I have a static IP and the server is in the DMZ running an FTP client and some HTTP server software. All files transferred to and stored on this machine are scanned for malware before transferring. Usually the machine only runs 19 processes and performs pretty well for its intended purpose. I posted the story so that you could be aware of a possible new piece of malware and how it acts, but I also have a question or two. First, over the last few months I have noticed that PREVX is listed at the top of most of my Google searches when researching malware, especially for new or obscure malware…and they always want you to purchase something. I don’t think they are one of the top AV companies, so it seems odd that they are always the top Google result. Does anyone have any experience with any of their products? Also, what sites do you rely on for malware researching? Recently, I have found it difficult to find good info because of HijackThis-logs and other deadend info cluttering up my searches. And lastly, besides antivirus, third-party firewall, etc, what settings would you use to lock down a machine to make it more secure in instances where a stubborn admin like myself refuses to run AV? Thanks.

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• Our server hosting provider asked for our root password

  - by Andreas Larsson

  I work at a company that develops and hosts a small business critical system. We have an "Elastic cloud server" from a professional hosting provider. I recently got an email from them saying that they've had some problems with their backup solution and that they needed to install a new kernel. And they wanted us to send them the root password so they could do this work. I know that the email came from them. It's not [email protected] or anything like that. I called them and asked them about this, and they were like "yep, we need the password to do this". It just seems odd to send the root password over email like this. Do I have any reason to be concerned?

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• Password protect a folder

  - by Lee Treveil

  What are the available options for password protecting a folder? I'm talking about requiring a password to actually access the folder, not just user access rights. Is the third-party software out there secure and stable? What are the recommendations?

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• Why obfuscating a serial number of a device? What is the risk?

  - by Horst Walter

  In one of my xx.stackexchange questions I've got an answer, in which the user has obfuscated his disk's SN (serial number). Recently I have seen this in several photos as well, the SN was blurred out. I' am just curious, because I have never paid attention to this. What could be the potential risk in publishing a device's SN? I do see some sense when it comes to a MAC address, OK, this could be used for tracking. But a SN of a disk, iPad, whatsoever? Maybe there is an important reason for not publishing it, which I haven't seen so far.

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• What is the right iptables rule to allow apt-get to download programs?

  - by anthony01

  When I type something like sudo apt-get install firefox, everything work until it asks me: After this operation, 77 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y Then error messages are displayed: Failed to fetch: <URL> My iptables rules are as follows: -P INPUT DROP -P OUTPUT DROP -P FORWARD DROP -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT What should I add to allow apt-get to download updates? Thanks

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• Windows Console .exe won't run if it's downloaded from the internet

  - by Jason Kester

  I have a nightly job on Windows Server 2003 that automatically updates itself by downloading its .exe from Amazon S3. I've noticed that when it performs the download and tries to run the newly downloaded .exe, it is immediately kicked back to the command line without actually running anything. I can verify this by sticking the new version of the code directly on the server and watching it execute successfully, then uploading it to the "update" server, running the bootstrapper then running the .exe and observing it fail to execute. I can only assume that this is due to Windows protecting me from running code from outside its trusted zone. How does a fella go about configuring it to allow code from this particular external location to execute? Thanks!

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• tftpd starts randomly

  - by Mutant

  A few days ago my Little Snitch filter starts popping up tftpd. I'd never seen this before, so I immediately start freaking out thinking my Mac has been compromised. I can't find anything unusual on the system. The process usually dies before I can trace it (little snitch never allowed the connection just left the popup up). I finally caught it once, and found this: [10:32]: sudo lsof -nlP | fgrep tftp Password: tftpd 1924 18446744 cwd DIR 1,3 1326 2 / tftpd 1924 18446744 txt REG 1,3 29856 163979456 /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd 1924 18446744 txt REG 1,3 600576 163686622 /usr/lib/dyld tftpd 1924 18446744 txt REG 1,3 303300608 189014898 /private/var/db/dyld/dyld_shared_cache_x86_64 tftpd 1924 18446744 0u IPv4 0x34a76100fcbb06e3 0t0 UDP *:55818 tftpd 1924 18446744 2u IPv4 0x34a76100f1113c53 0t0 UDP *:69 [10:32]: ps ax | fgrep 1924 1924 ?? S 0:00.00 /usr/libexec/tftpd -i /private/tftpboot 1949 s000 S+ 0:00.00 fgrep 1924 For the life of me I can't figure out what is starting this. Nothing in cron, launchdaemons, etc. Google searches haven't yielded much either. The connection IP is different each time. So my question is: Has anyone seen anything like this before?

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• Get the "source network address" in Event ID 529 audit entries on Windows XP

  - by Make it useful Keep it simple

  In windows server 2003 when an Event 529 (logon failure) occures with a logon type of 10 (remote logon), the source network IP address is recorded in the event log. On a windows XP machine, this (and some other details) are omitted. If a bot is trying a brute force over RDP (some of my XP machines are (and need to be) exposed with a public IP address), i cannot see the originating IP address so i don't know what to block (with a script i run every few minutes). The DC does not log this detail either when the logon attempt is to the client xp machine and the DC is only asked to authenticate the credentials. Any help getting this detail in the log would be appreciated.

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• Fix Fatal Error Condition showing system path

  - by JMC

  I've noticed there are a large number of servers running Magento Commerce that will return a fatal error showing the system path: Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'File '/usr/local/www/magento/data1702/media/css' does not exists.' in /usr/local/www/magento/data1702/lib/Varien/File/Transfer/Adapter/Http.php:96 Stack trace: #0 /usr/local/www/magento/data1702/get.php(205): Varien_File_Transfer_Adapter_Http->send('/usr/local/www/...') #1 /usr/local/www/magento/data1702/get.php(165): sendFile('/usr/local/www/...') #2 {main} thrown in /usr/local/www/magento/data1702/lib/Varien/File/Transfer/Adapter/Http.php on line 96 Magento as an application is generally good about supressing error messages. How can a linux server running apache be configured to avoid returning this error message since the app has problems suppressing it.

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• How to secure Apache for shared hosting environment? (chrooting, avoid symlinking...)

  - by Alessio Periloso

  I'm having problems dealing with Apache configuration: the problem is that I want to limit each user to his own docroot (so, a chroot() would be what I'm looking for), but: Mod_chroot works only globally and not for each virtualhost: i have the users in a path like the following one /home/vhosts/xxxxx/domains/domain.tld/public_html (xxxxx is the user), and can't solve the problem chrooting /home/vhosts, because the users would still be allowed to see each other. Using apache-mod-itk would slow down the websites too much, and I'm not sure if it would solve anything Without using any of the previous two, I think the only thing left is avoiding symlinking, not allowing the users to link to something that doesn't belong to them. So, I think I'm going to follow the third point but... how to efficiently avoid symlinking while still keeping mod_rewrite working?! The php has already been chrooted with php-fpm, so my only concern is about Apache itself.

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• Efficient way to secure tomcat database connections

  - by Greymeister

  Our customer has a problem with database information in plaintext within a server.xml or context.xml file on the Tomcat server. I've looked at several sites like OWASP and it seems like there's no obvious solution. I've also seen things like this wordpress blog which describe implementing a custom Tomcat extension to do this. There must exist some standard implementation(s) already without having to roll your own. Does anyone have experience with such a solution?

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• How to detect which process is doing a port scan

  - by Rick

  I have Linux server running a unauthorized process (which I do not know the name of) which is doing a port scan from the server out to the internet. How do I find out which process this is and kill it! Thanks!

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• Unix Server Protection from Physical Access?

  - by Isabella Wilcox

  I'm working to license our software to some buyer. Our software will be ran from an unix server that is physically controlled by the buyer. Is there any way to prevent the buyer who have physical access to your server to access contents on the drive? We want to protect our intellectual property because if the buyer steals our software, we won't have enough legal resources to pursue a claim internationally.

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• Strange ssh login

  - by Hikaru

  I am running debian server and i have received a strange email warning about ssh login It says, that user mail logged in using ssh from remote address: Environment info: USER=mail SSH_CLIENT=92.46.127.173 40814 22 MAIL=/var/mail/mail HOME=/var/mail SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/7 LOGNAME=mail TERM=xterm PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/games LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SHELL=/bin/sh KRB5CCNAME=FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_8 PWD=/var/mail SSH_CONNECTION=92.46.127.173 40814 my-ip-here 22 I looked in /etc/shadow and find out, that password for is not set mail:*:15316:0:99999:7::: I found this lines for login in auth.log n 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2090]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): getting password (0x00000388) Jun 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2090]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): pam_get_item returned a password Jun 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2091]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): user 'mail' granted access Jun 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2091]: Accepted password for mail from 92.46.127.173 port 45194 ssh2 Jun 3 02:57:09 gw sshd[2091]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user mail by (uid=0) Jun 3 02:57:10 gw CRON[2051]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root and lots of auth failures for this user. There is no lines with COMMAND string for this user. Nothing was found with "rkhunter" and with "ps aux" process inspection, also there is no suspicious connections was found with "netstat" (as I can see) Can anyone tell me how it is possible and what else should be done? Thanks in advance.

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• How to track when full access rights were issued in Exchange 2007?

  - by ashln

  Hi Does anyone know if there is a way to see when a user had been issued full mailbox rights in Exchange 2007. Or is there a way to check which commands were issued when and by whom? Thanks ashln

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• Looking for a new, free firewall (Sunbelt has a huge hole)

  - by Jason

  I've been using Sunbelt Personal Firewall v. 4.5 (previously Kerio). I've discovered that blocking Firefox connections in the configuration doesn't stop EXISTING Firefox connections. (See my post here yesterday http://superuser.com/questions/132625/sunbelt-firewall-4-5-wont-block-firefox) The "stop all traffic" may work on existing connections - but I'm done testing, as I need to be able to be selective, at any time. I was using the free version, so the "web filtering" option quit working after some time (mostly blocking ads and popups), but I didn't use that anyway. I used the last free version of Kerio before finally having to go to Sunbelt, because Kerio had an unfixed bug where you'd eventually get the BSOD and have to reset Kerio's configuration and start over (configure everything again). So I'm looking for a new Firewall. I don't like ZoneAlarm at all (no offense to all it's users that may be here - personal taste). I need the following: (Sunbelt has all these, except *) - 1. Be able to block in/out to localhost (trusted)/internet selectively for each application with a click (so there's 4 click boxes for each application) [*that effects everything immediately, regardless of what's already connected]. When a new application attempts a connection, you get an allow/deny/remember windows. - 2. Be able to easily set up filter rules for 'individual application'/'all applications,' by protocol, port/address (range), local, remote, in, out. [*Adding a filter rule also doesn't block existing connections in Sunbelt. That needs to work too.] - 3. Have an easy-to-get-to way to "stop all traffic" (like a right click option on the running icon in the task bar). - 4. Be able to set trusted/internet in/out block/allowed (4 things per item) for each of IGMP, ping, DNS, DHCP, VPN, and broadcasts. - 5. Define locahost as trusted/untrusted, define adapter connections as trusted/untrusted. - 6. Block incoming connetions during boot-up and shutdown. - 7. Show existing connections, including local & remote ip/port, protocol, current speed, total bytes transferred, and local ports opened for Listening. - 8. An Intrusion Prevention System which blocks (optionally select each one) known intrustions (long list). - 9. Block/allow applications from starting other applications (deny/allow/remember window). Wish list: A way of knowing what svchost.exe is doing - who is actually using it/calling it. I allowed it for localhost, and selectively allowed it for internet each time the allow/deny window came up. Thanks for any help/suggestions. (I'm using Windows XP SP3.)

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• linux intrusion detection software

  - by Sam Hammamy

  I have an Ubuntu VPS that I use for practice and deploying prototypes as I am a python developer. I recently started teaching my self sys admin tasks, like installing OpenLDAP. I happened to turn off the ufw firewall for just a minute, and when I ran an netstat command, I saw a foreign ip connected to ssh that I traced to china. I'd like to know a few things: 1) Is there any good network intrusion detection software, such that if any IP that's outside a specific range connects to the VPN, I can be notified? -- I am thinking about scripting this, but I'm pretty sure there's something useful out there and I believe in the wisdom of crowds. 2) How did this person gain access to my server? Is it because my firewall was down? Or is it because they browsed my LDAP directory and from there figured out a way to connect (there was a clear text password in the tree but it wasn't one used by the server's sshd)?

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