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  • Custom constructors for models in Google App Engine (python)

    - by Nikhil Chelliah
    I'm getting back to programming for Google App Engine and I've found, in old, unused code, instances in which I wrote constructors for models. It seems like a good idea, but there's no mention of it online and I can't test to see if it works. Here's a contrived example, with no error-checking, etc.: class Dog(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty(required=True) breeds = db.StringListProperty() age = db.IntegerProperty(default=0) def __init__(self, name, breed_list, **kwargs): db.Model.__init__(**kwargs) self.name = name self.breeds = breed_list.split() rufus = Dog('Rufus', 'spaniel terrier labrador') rufus.put() The **kwargs are passed on to the Model constructor in case the model is constructed with a specified parent or key_name, or in case other properties (like age) are specified. This constructor differs from the default in that it requires that a name and breed_list be specified (although it can't ensure that they're strings), and it parses breed_list in a way that the default constructor could not. Is this a legitimate form of instantiation, or should I just use functions or static/class methods? And if it works, why aren't custom constructors used more often?

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  • Python: Pickling highly-recursive objects without using `setrecursionlimit`

    - by cool-RR
    I've been getting RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded when trying to pickle a highly-recursive tree object. Much like this asker here. He solved his problem by setting the recursion limit higher with sys.setrecursionlimit. But I don't want to do that: I think that's more of a workaround than a solution. Because I want to be able to pickle my trees even if they have 10,000 nodes in them. (It currently fails at around 200.) (Also, every platform's true recursion limit is different, and I would really like to avoid opening this can of worms.) Is there any way to solve this at the fundamental level? If only the pickle module would pickle using a loop instead of recursion, I wouldn't have had this problem. Maybe someone has an idea how I can cause something like this to happen, without rewriting the pickle module? Any other idea how I can solve this problem will be appreciated.

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  • How to parse a directory tree in python?

    - by chutsu
    I have a directory called "notes" within the notes I have categories which are named "science", "maths" ... within those folder are sub-categories, such as "Quantum Mechanics", "Linear Algebra". ./notes --> ./notes/maths ------> ./notes/maths/linear_algebra --> ./notes/physics/ ------> ./notes/physics/quantum_mechanics My problem is that I don't know how to put the categories and subcategories into TWO SEPARATE list/array.

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  • python need some help

    - by maxt0r
    hi i have my codes i have to do a module def subjects but i cant figure out how can u help me thanks. class Enrol: def init(self, dir): def readFiles(, dir, files): for file in files: if file == "classes.txt": class_list = readtable(dir+"/"+file) for item in class_list: Enrol.class_info_dict[item[0]] = item[1:] if item[1] in Enrol.classes_dict: Enrol.classes_dict[item[1]].append(item[0]) else: Enrol.classes_dict[item[1]] = [item[0]] elif file == "subjects.txt": subject_list = readtable(dir+"/"+file) for item in subject_list: Enrol.subjects_dict[item[0]] = item[1] elif file == "venues.txt": venue_list = readtable(dir+"/"+file) for item in venue_list: Enrol.venues_dict[item[0]] = item[1:] elif file.endswith('.roll'): roll_list = readlines(dir+"/"+file) file = os.path.splitext(file)[0] Enrol.class_roll_dict[file] = roll_list for item in roll_list: if item in Enrol.enrolled_dict: Enrol.enrolled_dict[item].append(file) else: Enrol.enrolled_dict[item] = [file] try: os.walk(dir, _readFiles, None) except: print "directory not properly been recognise error" def subjects(what should i write here??): for name in suject_list: print name, out put should look like import enrol e = enrol.Enrol("/path/to/data") e.subjects() ['bw101', 'bw110', 'bw232', 'bw290', 'bw660']

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  • Unable to open images with Python's Image.open()

    - by ensnare
    My code reads: import Image def generateThumbnail(self, width, height): """ Generates thumbnails for an image """ im = Image.open(self._file) When I call this function, I get an error: ? AttributeError: type object 'Image' has no attribute 'open' However in the console: import Image im = Image.open('test.jpg') I have no problem. Any ideas? Thanks!

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  • Python: eliminating stack traces into library code?

    - by Mark Harrison
    When I get a runtime exception from the standard library, it's almost always a problem in my code and not in the library code. Is there a way to truncate the exception stack trace so that it doesn't show the guts of the library package? For example, I would like to get this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 71, in <module> main() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 66, in main create() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 41, in create headver1[depotFile]=rev TypeError: Data values must be of type string or None. and not this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 71, in <module> main() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 66, in main create() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 41, in create headver1[depotFile]=rev File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/__init__.py", line 276, in __setitem__ _DeadlockWrap(wrapF) # self.db[key] = value File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/dbutils.py", line 68, in DeadlockWrap return function(*_args, **_kwargs) File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/__init__.py", line 275, in wrapF self.db[key] = value TypeError: Data values must be of type string or None.

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  • Python finding substring between certain characters using regex and replace()

    - by jCuga
    Suppose I have a string with lots of random stuff in it like the following: strJunk ="asdf2adsf29Value=five&lakl23ljk43asdldl" And I'm interested in obtaining the substring sitting between 'Value=' and '&', which in this example would be 'five'. I can use a regex like the following: match = re.search(r'Value=?([^&>]+)', strJunk) >>> print match.group(0) Value=five >>> print match.group(1) five How come match.group(0) is the whole thing 'Value=five' and group(1) is just 'five'? And is there a way for me to just get 'five' as the only result? (This question stems from me only having a tenuous grasp of regex) I am also going to have to make a substitution in this string such such as the following: val1 = match.group(1) strJunk.replace(val1, "six", 1) Which yields: 'asdf2adsf29Value=six&lakl23ljk43asdldl' Considering that I plan on performing the above two tasks (finding the string between 'Value=' and '&', as well as replacing that value) over and over, I was wondering if there are any other more efficient ways of looking for the substring and replacing it in the original string. I'm fine sticking with what I've got but I just want to make sure that I'm not taking up more time than I have to be if better methods are out there.

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  • encapsulation in python list (want to use " instead of ')

    - by Codehai
    I have a list of users users["pirates"] and they're stored in the format ['pirate1','pirate2']. If I hand the list over to a def and query for it in MongoDB, it returns data based on the first index (e.g. pirate1) only. If I hand over a list in the format ["pirate1","pirate"], it returns data based on all the elements in the list. So I think there's something wrong with the encapsulation of the elements in the list. My question: can I change the encapsulation from ' to " without replacing every ' on every element with a loop manually? Short Example: aList = list() # get pirate Stuff # users["pirates"] is a list returned by a former query # so e.g. users["pirates"][0] may be peter without any quotes for pirate in users["pirates"]: aList.append(pirate) aVar = pirateDef(aList) print(aVar) the definition: def pirateDef(inputList = list()): # prepare query col = mongoConnect().MYCOL # query for pirates Arrrr pirates = col.find({ "_id" : {"$in" : inputList}} ).sort("_id",1).limit(50) # loop over users userList = list() for person in pirates: # do stuff that has nothing to do with the problem # append user to userlist userList.append(person) return userList If the given list has ' encapsulation it returns: 'pirates': [{'pirate': 'Arrr', '_id': 'blabla'}] If capsulated with " it returns: 'pirates' : [{'_id': 'blabla', 'pirate' : 'Arrr'}, {'_id': 'blabla2', 'pirate' : 'cheers'}] EDIT: I tried figuring out, that the problem has to be in the MongoDB query. The list is handed over to the Def correctly, but after querying pirates only consists of 1 element... Thanks for helping me Codehai

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  • python function that returns a function from list of functions

    - by thkang
    I want to make following function: 1)input is a number. 2)functions are indexed, return a function whose index matches given number here's what I came up with: def foo_selector(whatfoo): def foo1(): return def foo2(): return def foo3(): return ... def foo999(): return #something like return foo[whatfoo] the problem is, how can I index the functions (foo#)? I can see functions foo1 to foo999 by dir(). however, dir() returns name of such functions, not the functions themselves. In the example, those foo-functions aren't doing anything. However in my program they perform different tasks and I can't automatically generate them. I write them myself, and have to return them by their name.

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  • Using a Loop to add objects to a list(python)

    - by Will
    Hey guys so im trying to use a while loop to add objects to a list. Heres bascially what i want to do: (ill paste actually go after) class x: blah blah choice = raw_input(pick what you want to do) while(choice!=0): if(choice==1): Enter in info for the class: append object to list (A) if(choice==2): print out length of list(A) if(choice==0): break ((((other options)))) as im doing this i can get the object to get added to the list, but i am stuck as to how to add multiple objects to the list in the loop. Here is my actual code i have so far... print "Welcome to the Student Management Program" class Student: def init (self, name, age, gender, favclass): self.name = name self.age = age self.gender = gender self.fac = favclass choice = int(raw_input("Make a Choice: " )) while (choice !=0): if (guess==1): print("STUDENT") namer = raw_input("Enter Name: ") ager = raw_input("Enter Age: ") sexer = raw_input("Enter Sex: ") faver = raw_input("Enter Fav: ") elif(guess==2): print "TESTING LINE" elif(guess==3): print(len(a)) guess=int(raw_input("Make a Choice: ")) s = Student(namer, ager, sexer, faver) a =[]; a.append(s) raw_input("Press enter to exit") any help would be greatly appreciated!

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  • Python for statement giving an Invalid Syntax error with list

    - by Cold Diamondz
    I have some code in which is throwing an error (I'm using repl.it) import random students = ['s1:0','s2:0','s3:0'] while True: print'\n'*50 print'Ticket Machine'.center(80) print'-'*80 print'1. Clear Student Ticket Values'.center(80) print'2. Draw Tickets'.center(80) menu = raw_input('-'*80+'\nChoose an Option: ') if menu == '1': print'\n'*50 print'CLEARED!' students = ['s1:0','s2:0','s3:0'] raw_input('Press enter to return to the main menu!') elif menu == '2': tickets = [] print'\n'*50 times = int(raw_input('How many tickets to draw? ') for a in students: for i in range(a.split(':')[1]): tickets.append(a.split(':')[0]) for b in range(1,times+1): print str(b) + '. ' + random.choice(tickets) else: print'\n'*50 print'That was not an option!' raw_input('Press enter to return to the main menu!') But it is throwing this error: File "<stdin>", line 19 for a in students: ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax I am planning on using this in a class, but I can't use it until the bug is fixed, also, student names have been removed for privacy reasons.

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  • Using Python read specific (column, row) values from a txt file

    - by user2955708
    I would like to read values from a text file until that is a float value. Lets say I have the following file: 14:53:55 Load 300 Speed 200 Distance,m Fz Fx Speed 0.0000 249 4 6.22 0.0002 247 33 16.29 0.0004 246 49 21.02 0.2492 240 115 26.97 0.2494 241 112 21.78 0.2496 240 109 13.09 0.2498 169 79 0.27 Distance,m Fz Fx Speed 0.0000 249 4 7.22 0.0002 247 33 1.29 0.0004 246 49 271.02 0.2492 240 115 26.97 0.2494 241 112 215.78 0.2496 240 109 13.09 0.2498 169 79 0.27 And I need only the values under the first Distance column. So something like skip the first few rows, then read values from the first column while it is float. Thanks your help in advance

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  • Does my function right on python?

    - by Ali Ismayilov
    Write a function which takes a string argument, and creates and returns an Employee object containing details of the employee specified by the string. The string should be assumed to have the format 12345 25000 Consultant Bart Simpson The first three items in the line will be the payroll number, salary and job title and the rest of the line will be the name. There will be no spaces in the job title but there may be one or more spaces in the name. My function: def __str__(self): return format(self.payroll, "d") + format(self.salary, "d") + ' ' \ + self.jobtitle + self.name

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  • Working with a list, performing arithmetic logic in Python

    - by haea ohoh
    Suppose I have made a large list of numbers, and I want to make another one which I will add, pairwise, with the first list. Here's the first list, A: [109, 77, 57, 34, 94, 68, 96, 72, 39, 67, 49, 71, 121, 89, 61, 84, 45, 40, 104, 68, 54, 60, 68, 62, 91, 45, 41, 118, 44, 35, 53, 86, 41, 63, 111, 112, 54, 34, 52, 72, 111, 113, 47, 91, 107, 114, 105, 91, 57, 86, 32, 109, 84, 85, 114, 48, 105, 109, 68, 57, 78, 111, 64, 55, 97, 85, 40, 100, 74, 34, 94, 78, 57, 77, 94, 46, 95, 60, 42, 44, 68, 89, 113, 66, 112, 60, 40, 110, 89, 105, 113, 90, 73, 44, 39, 55, 108, 110, 64, 108] And here's B: [35, 106, 55, 61, 81, 109, 82, 85, 71, 55, 59, 38, 112, 92, 59, 37, 46, 55, 89, 63, 73, 119, 70, 76, 100, 49, 117, 77, 37, 62, 65, 115, 93, 34, 107, 102, 91, 58, 82, 119, 75, 117, 34, 112, 121, 58, 79, 69, 68, 72, 110, 43, 111, 51, 102, 39, 52, 62, 75, 118, 62, 46, 74, 77, 82, 81, 36, 87, 80, 56, 47, 41, 92, 102, 101, 66, 109, 108, 97, 49, 72, 74, 93, 114, 55, 116, 66, 93, 56, 56, 93, 99, 96, 115, 93, 111, 57, 105, 35, 99] How might I generate the arithmatic addition logic, processing each pairwise value one by one (A[0] and B[0], through A[99], B[99]) and producing the list C (A[0] + B[0] through A[99]+ B[99])?

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  • using Python reduce over a list of pairs

    - by user248237
    I'm trying to pair together a bunch of elements in a list to create a final object, in a way that's analogous to making a sum of objects. I'm trying to use a simple variation on reduce where you consider a list of pairs rather than a flat list to do this. I want to do something along the lines of: nums = [1, 2, 3] reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, nums) except I'd like to add additional information to the sum that is specific to each element in the list of numbers nums. For example for each pair (a,b) in the list, run the sum as (a+b): nums = [(1, 0), (2, 5), (3, 10)] reduce(lambda x, y: (x[0]+x[1]) + (y[0]+y[1]), nums) This does not work: >>> reduce(lambda x, y: (x[0]+x[1]) + (y[0]+y[1]), nums) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<stdin>", line 1, in <lambda> TypeError: 'int' object is unsubscriptable Why does it not work? I know I can encode nums as a flat list - that is not the point - I just want to be able to create a reduce operation that can iterate over a list of pairs, or over two lists of the same length simultaneously and pool information from both lists. thanks.

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  • python and palindromes

    - by tekknolagi
    i recently wrote a method to cycle through /usr/share/dict/words and return a list of palindromes using my ispalindrome(x) method here's some of the code...what's wrong with it? it just stalls for 10 minutes and then returns a list of all the words in the file def reverse(a): return a[::-1] def ispalindrome(a): b = reverse(a) if b.lower() == a.lower(): return True else: return False wl = open('/usr/share/dict/words', 'r') wordlist = wl.readlines() wl.close() for x in wordlist: if not ispalindrome(x): wordlist.remove(x) print wordlist

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  • python unit testing os.remove fails file system

    - by hwjp
    Am doing a bit of unit testing on a function which attempts to open a new file, but should fail if the file already exists. when the function runs sucessfully, the new file is created, so i want to delete it after every test run, but it doesn't seem to be working: class MyObject_Initialisation(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): if os.path.exists(TEMPORARY_FILE_NAME): try: os.remove(TEMPORARY_FILE_NAME) except WindowsError: #TODO: can't figure out how to fix this... #time.sleep(3) #self.setUp() #this just loops forever pass def tearDown(self): self.setUp() any thoughts? The Windows Error thrown seems to suggest the file is in use... could it be that the tests are run in parallel threads? I've read elsewhere that it's 'bad practice' to use the filesystem in unit testing, but really? Surely there's a way around this that doesn't invole dummying the filesystem?

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  • In Python, are there builtin functions for elementwise map of boolean operators over tuples of lists

    - by bshanks
    For example, if you have n lists of bools of the same length, then elementwise boolean AND should return another list of that length that has True in those positions where all the input lists have True, and False everywhere else. It's pretty easy to write, i just would prefer to use a builtin if one exists (for the sake of standardization/readability). Here's an implementation of elementwise AND: def eAnd(*args): return [all(tuple) for tuple in zip(*args)] example usage: >>> eAnd([True, False, True, False, True], [True, True, False, False, True], [True, True, False, False, True]) [True, False, False, False, True] thx

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