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• Slope requires a real as parameter 2?

  - by Dave Jarvis

  Question How do you pass the correct value to udf_slope's second parameter type? Attempts CAST(Y.YEAR AS FLOAT), but that failed (SQL error). Y.YEAR + 0.0, but that failed, too (see error message). slope(D.AMOUNT, 1.0), failed as well Error Message Using udf_slope fails due to: Can't initialize function 'slope'; slope() requires a real as parameter 2 Code SELECT D.AMOUNT, Y.YEAR, slope(D.AMOUNT, Y.YEAR + 0.0) as SLOPE, intercept(D.AMOUNT, Y.YEAR + 0.0) as INTERCEPT FROM YEAR_REF Y, DAILY D Here, D.AMOUNT is a FLOAT and Y.YEAR is an INTEGER. Create Function The slope function was created as follows: CREATE AGGREGATE FUNCTION slope RETURNS REAL SONAME 'udf_slope.so'; Function Signature From udf_slope.cc: double slope( UDF_INIT* initid, UDF_ARGS* args, char* is_null, char* is_error ) Example Usages Reading the fine manual reveals: UDF intercept() Calculates the intercept of the linear regression of two sets of variables. Function name intercept Input parameter(s) 2 (dependent variable: REAL, independent variable: REAL) Examples SELECT intercept(income,age) FROM customers UDF slope() Calculates the slope of the linear regression of two sets of variables. Function name slope Input parameter(s) 2 (dependent variable: REAL, independent variable: REAL) Examples SELECT slope(income,age) FROM customers Thoughts? Thank you!

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• Setting Nullable Integer to String Containing Nothing yields 0

  - by Brian MacKay

  I've been pulling my hair out over some unexpected behavior from nullable integers. If I set an Integer to Nothing, it becomes Nothing as expected. If I set an Integer? to a String that is Nothing, it becomes 0! Of course I get this whether I explicitly cast the String to Integer? or not. I realize I could work around this pretty easily but I want to know what I'm missing. Dim NullString As String = Nothing Dim NullableInt As Integer? = CType(NullString, Integer?) 'Expected NullableInt to be Nothing, but it's 0! NullableInt = Nothing 'This works -- NullableInt now contains Nothing. How is this EDIT: Previously I had my code up here so without the explicit conversion to 'Integer?' and everyone seemed to be fixated on that. I want to be clear that this is not an issue that would have been caught by Option Strict On -- check out the accepted answer. This is a quirk of the string-to-integer conversion rules which predate nullable types, but still impact them.

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• Is there a general-purpose printf-ish routine defined in any C standard

  - by supercat

  In many C libraries, there is a printf-style routine which is something like the following: int __vgprintf(void *info, (void)(*print_function(void*, char)), const char *format, va_list params); which will format the supplied string and call print_function with the passed-in info value and each character in sequence. A function like fprintf will pass __vgprintf the passed-in file parameter and a pointer to a function which will cast its void* to a FILE* and output the passed-in character to that file. A function like snprintf will create a struct holding a char* and length, and pass the address of that struct to a function which will output each character in sequence, space permitting. Is there any standard for such a function, which could be used if e.g. one wanted a function to output an arbitrary format to a TCP port? A common approach is to allocate a buffer one hopes is big enough, use snprintf to put the data there, and then output the data from the buffer. It would seem cleaner, though, if there were a standard way to to specify that the print formatter should call a user-supplied routine with each character.

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• Serializable object in intent returning as String

  - by B_

  In my application, I am trying to pass a serializable object through an intent to another activity. The intent is not entirely created by me, it is created and passed through a search suggestion. In the content provider for the search suggestion, the object is created and placed in the SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_EXTRA_DATA column of the MatrixCursor. However, when in the receiving activity I call getIntent().getSerializableExtra(SearchManager.EXTRA_DATA_KEY), the returned object is of type String and I cannot cast it into the original object class. I tried making a parcelable wrapper for my object that calls out.writeSerializable(...) and use that instead but the same thing happened. The string that is returned is like a generic Object toString(), i.e. com.foo.yak.MyAwesomeClass@4350058, so I'm assuming that toString() is being called somewhere where I have no control. Hopefully I'm just missing something simple. Thanks for the help! Edit: Some of my code This is in the content provider that acts as the search authority: //These are the search suggestion columns private static final String[] COLUMNS = { "_id", // mandatory column SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_TEXT_1, SearchManager.SUGGEST_COLUMN_INTENT_EXTRA_DATA }; //This places the serializable or parcelable object (and other info) into the search suggestion private Cursor getSuggestions(String query, String[] projection) { List<Widget> widgets = WidgetLoader.getMatches(query); MatrixCursor cursor = new MatrixCursor(COLUMNS); for (Widget w : widgets) { cursor.addRow(new Object[] { w.id w.name w.data //This is the MyAwesomeClass object I'm trying to pass }); } return cursor; } This is in the activity that receives the search suggestion: public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); Object extra = getIntent().getSerializableExtra(SearchManager.EXTRA_DATA_KEY); //extra.getClass() returns String, when it should return MyAwesomeClass, so this next line throws a ClassCastException and causes a crash MyAwesomeClass mac = (MyAwesomeClass)extra; ... }

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• Paging using Linq-To-Sql based on two parameters in asp.net mvc...

  - by Pandiya Chendur

  As two parameters i say currentPage and pagesize .....I thus far used sql server stored procedures and implemented paging like this, GO ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[GetMaterialsInView] -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here @CurrentPage INT, @PageSize INT AS BEGIN -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT statements. SET NOCOUNT ON; SELECT *,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY Id) AS Row FROM ( SELECT *,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY Id) AS Row FROM InTimePagingView ) AS InTimePages WHERE Row >= (@CurrentPage - 1) * @PageSize + 1 AND Row <= @CurrentPage*@PageSize SELECT COUNT(*) as TotalCount FROM InTimePagingView SELECT CEILING(COUNT(*) / CAST(@PageSize AS FLOAT)) NumberOfPages FROM InTimePagingView END Now i am using Linq-to-sql and i use this, public IQueryable<MaterialsObj> FindAllMaterials() { var materials = from m in db.Materials join Mt in db.MeasurementTypes on m.MeasurementTypeId equals Mt.Id where m.Is_Deleted == 0 select new MaterialsObj() { Id = Convert.ToInt64(m.Mat_id), Mat_Name = m.Mat_Name, Mes_Name = Mt.Name, }; return materials; } Now i want to return the records,TotalCount where i use Total count to generate pagenumbers..... Is this possible... Any suggestion... EDIT: Just found this... NorthWindDataContext db = new NorthWindDataContext(); var query = from c in db.Customers select c.CompanyName; //Assuming Page Number = 2, Page Size = 10 int iPageNum = 2; int iPageSize = 10; var PagedData = query.Skip((iPageNum - 1) * iPageSize).Take(iPageSize); ObjectDumper.Write(PagedData);

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• C# Type conversion between two similar Datatable objects

  - by Ali

  I have .NET project with sync framework and two separate Datasets for MS SQL and Compact SQL. in my base class I have a generic DataTable object. in my derived classed I assign Typed DataTable to the generic object based on whether the application is operating online or offline: example: if (online) _dataTable = new MSSQLDataSet.Customer; else _dataTable = new CompactSQLDataSet.Customer; Now every where in my code i have to check and do a cast based on the current network mode like this: public void changeCustomerID(int ID) { if (online) (MSSQLDataSet.CustomerDataTable)_dataTable)[i].CustomerID = value; else (CompactMSSQLDataSet.CustomerDataTable)_dataTable)[i].CustomerID = value; } but I don't think this is very efficient and I believe it can be done in a smarter way to only use one line of code by dynamically getting the Type of _dataTable on the run time. my problem is at the design time, in order to acess datatable porperties such as "CustomerID" it has to be casted to either MSSQLDataSet.CustomerDataTable or CompactMSSQLDataSet.CustomerDataTable. Is there a way to have a function or a operator to convert the _datatable to its runtime type but still be able to use it's design time properties which are the same between the two types? something like: ((aType)_dataTable)[i].CustomerID = value; //or GetRuntimeType(_dataTable)[i].CustomerID = value;

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• Upcasting without any added data fields.

  - by Benjamin Manns

  In my project I have a generic Packet class. I would like to be able to upcast to other classes (like LoginPacket or MovePacket). The base class contains a command and arguments (greatly simplified): public class Packet { public String Command; public String[] Arguments; } I would like to have be able to convert from Packet to LoginPacket (or any other) based on a check if Packet.Command == "LOGIN". The login packet would not contain any new data members, but only methods for accessing specific arguments. For example: public class LoginPacket : Packet { public String Username { get { return Arguments[0]; } set { Arguments[0] == value; } } public String Password { get { return Arguments[1]; } set { Arguments[1] == value; } } } It would be great if I could run a simple code that would cast from Packet to LoginPacket with something like LoginPacket _Login = (LoginPacket)_Packet;, but that throws a System.InvalidCastException. It seems like this would be an easy task, as no new data is included, but I can't figure out any other way than copying everything from the Packet class to a new LoginPacket class.

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• Trying to write priority queue in Java but getting "Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastEx

  - by Dan

  For my data structure class, I am trying to write a program that simulates a car wash and I want to give fancy cars a higher priority than regular ones using a priority queue. The problem I am having has something to do with Java not being able to type cast "Object" as an "ArrayQueue" (a simple FIFO implementation). What am I doing wrong and how can I fix it? public class PriorityQueue<E> { private ArrayQueue<E>[] queues; private int highest=0; private int manyItems=0; public PriorityQueue(int h) { highest=h; queues = (ArrayQueue[]) new Object[highest+1]; <----problem is here } public void add(E item, int priority) { queues[priority].add(item); manyItems++; } public boolean isEmpty( ) { return (manyItems == 0); } public E remove() { E answer=null; int counter=0; do { if(!queues[highest-counter].isEmpty()) { answer = queues[highest-counter].remove(); counter=highest+1; } else counter++; }while(highest-counter>=0); return answer; } }

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• Some questions about the .NET Entity Framework and Stored Procedures

  - by Bara

  Hey everyone, I had a couple of questions relating to the .NET Entity Framework and using stored procedures. Here goes: I know that we can right click a stored procedure and choose Function Import to be able to use with code. Is there a way to do this for many stored procedures at once? When doing a Function Import, I can create a new Complex type or use an existing Complex type. Well, how can I access Complex types/objects that are outside of the edmx file? That is, if I have a class in my project, is it possible to access it while doing a Function Import? When calling the stored procedure from code, it returns an IEnumerable of the Complex type I set it as. However, sometimes these complex types do not have all of the properties that I need, so I create a new class in my project that inherits from the complex type used in the stored procedure. Problem is, I can't seem to cast the complex type returned from the stored procedure to the new class I created. Any reason why I can't do this? What I ended up doing is looping through the IEnumerable and adding each item to a new list of the class that I created. But this feels and looks messy. Bara

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• doesn't parse xml when it's a single node

  - by tag

  my script.php returns this XML <all> <item> <field1>value1</field1> <field2>value2</field2> </item> <item> <field1>value1</field1> <field2>value2</field2> </item> </all> The HTTPService uses the default resultFormat="object" but I don't declare it since it's the default. Then I bind it to a List dataProvider="{getDataHTTP.lastResult.all.item}" I get no problems when the number of item returned is more than 1. But when it's only 1 item I get an error cannot convert XMLList to mx.collections.IList. I tried different solutions including trying to cast it as XMLListCollection but it still gives an error for single items. Does anyone know of a way to possibly solve this?

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• creating new instance fails PHP

  - by as3isolib

  I am relatively new to PHP and having some decent success however I am running into this issue: If I try to create a new instance of the class GenericEntryVO, I get a 500 error with little to no helpful error information. However, if I use a generic object as the result, I get no errors. I'd like to be able to cast this object as a GenericEntryVO as I am using AMFPHP to communicate serialize data with a Flex client. I've read a few different ways to create constructors in PHP but the typical 'public function Foo()' for a class Foo was recommended for PHP 5.4.4 //in my EntryService.php class public function getEntryByID($id) { $link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "root", "BabyTrackingAppDB"); if (mysqli_connect_errno()) { printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error()); exit(); } $query = "SELECT * FROM Entries WHERE id = '$id' LIMIT 1"; if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) { // $entry = new GenericEntryVO(); this is where the problem lies! while ($row = mysqli_fetch_row($result)) { $entry->id = $row[0]; $entry->entryType = $row[1]; $entry->title = $row[2]; $entry->description = $row[3]; $entry->value = $row[4]; $entry->created = $row[5]; $entry->updated = $row[6]; } } mysqli_free_result($result); mysqli_close($link); return $entry; } //my GenericEntryVO.php class <?php class GenericEntryVO { public function __construct() { } public $id; public $title; public $entryType; public $description; public $value; public $created; public $updated; // public $properties; } ?>

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• Howto use predicates in LINQ to Entities for Entity Framework objects

  - by user274947

  I'm using LINQ to Entities for Entity Framework objects in my Data Access Layer. My goal is to filter as much as I can from the database, without applying filtering logic on in-memory results. For that purpose Business Logic Layer passes a predicate to Data Access Layer. I mean Func<MyEntity, bool> So, if I use this predicate directly, like public IQueryable<MyEntity> GetAllMatchedEntities(Func<MyEntity, Boolean> isMatched) { return qry = _Context.MyEntities.Where(x => isMatched(x)); } I'm getting the exception [System.NotSupportedException] --- {"The LINQ expression node type 'Invoke' is not supported in LINQ to Entities."} Solution in that question suggests to use AsExpandable() method from LINQKit library. But again, using public IQueryable<MyEntity> GetAllMatchedEntities(Func<MyEntity, Boolean> isMatched) { return qry = _Context.MyEntities.AsExpandable().Where(x => isMatched(x)); } I'm getting the exception Unable to cast object of type 'System.Linq.Expressions.FieldExpression' to type 'System.Linq.Expressions.LambdaExpression' Is there way to use predicate in LINQ to Entities query for Entity Framework objects, so that it is correctly transformed it into a SQL statement. Thank you.

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• How Optimize sql query make it faster

  - by user502083

  Hello every one : I have a very simple small database, 2 of tables are: Node (Node_ID, Node_name, Node_Date) : Node_ID is primary key Citation (Origin_Id, Target_Id) : PRIMARY KEY (Origin_Id, Target_Id) each is FK in Node Now I write a query that first find all citations that their Origin_Id has a specific date and then I want to know what are the target dates of these records. I'm using sqlite in python the Node table has 3000 record and Citation has 9000 records, and my query is like this in a function: def cited_years_list(self, date): c=self.cur try: c.execute("""select n.Node_Date,count(*) from Node n INNER JOIN (select c.Origin_Id AS Origin_Id, c.Target_Id AS Target_Id, n.Node_Date AS Date from CITATION c INNER JOIN NODE n ON c.Origin_Id=n.Node_Id where CAST(n.Node_Date as INT)={0}) VW ON VW.Target_Id=n.Node_Id GROUP BY n.Node_Date;""".format(date)) cited_years=c.fetchall() self.conn.commit() print('Cited Years are : \n ',str(cited_years)) except Exception as e: print('Cited Years retrival failed ',e) return cited_years Then I call this function for some specific years, But it's crazy slowwwwwwwww :( (around 1 min for a specific year) Although my query works fine, it is slow. would you please give me a suggestion to make it faster? I'd appreciate any idea about optimizing this query :) I also should mention that I have indices on Origin_Id and Target_Id, so the inner join should be pretty fast, but it's not!!!

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• Adding integer value to a list from XML file

  - by Pramodh

  I've an Xml file like <SampleFile> <Data> <Element Val="8" /> <Element Val="10" /> <Element Val="12" /> <Element Val="14" /> <Element Val="16" /> <Element Val="9" /> <Element Val="11" /> <Element Val="13" /> <Element Val="15" /> <Element Val="17" /> </Data> </SampleFile> i need to read the attribute value of" Val" and convert it to Int32 , then sort and then add to the list now i'm using like: List<Int32> lst = (XDocument.Load("\\Sample.xml").Descendants("Element").Select(l_Temp => l_Temp.Attribute("Val").Value.ToString()).Cast<Int32>().OrderBy(nTemp => nTemp)).ToList(); but its not working properly please give me a better solution

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• Java Receive Attachment problem ?

  - by Karthick RM

  Hi to all.I use the following code to download the attachment from the mail .But it gives the ClassCastException on the Multipart declaration Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: com.sun.mail.imap.IMAPInputStream cannot be cast to javax.mail.Multipart at ReadAttachment.main(ReadAttachment.java:52) How do I handle IMAPInputStream? Thanks in advance !!! Message messages[] = inbox.getMessages(); for (int j = 0; j < messages.length; j++) { String mailType = messages[j].getContentType(); System.out.println("------------ Message " + (j + 1) + " ------------"); System.out.println("SentDate : " + messages[j].getSentDate()); System.out.println("From : " + messages[j].getFrom()[0]); System.out.println("Subject : " + messages[j].getSubject()); System.out.println("Type :" + messages[j].getContentType()); System.out.println("Attachment :" + messages[j].getFileName()); Multipart mp = (Multipart) messages[j].getContent(); ........... .............. System.out.println(); }

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• How can I extend a LINQ-to-SQL class without having to make changes every time the code is generated

  - by csharpnoob

  Hi, Update from comment: I need to extend linq-to-sql classes by own parameters and dont want to touch any generated classes. Any better suggestes are welcome. But I also don't want to do all attributes assignments all time again if the linq-to-sql classes are changing. so if vstudio generates new attribute to a class i have my own extended attributes kept separate, and the new innerited from the class itself Original question: i'm not sure if it's possible. I have a class car and a class mycar extended from class car. Class mycar has also a string list. Only difference. How can i cast now any car object to a mycar object without assigning all attributes each by hand. Like: Car car = new Car(); MyCar mcar = (MyCar) car; or MyCar mcar = new MyCar(car); or however i can extend car with own variables and don't have to do always Car car = new Car(); MyCar mcar = new MyCar(); mcar.name = car.name; mcar.xyz = car.xyz; ... Thanks.

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• I'm graduating with a Computer Science degree but I don't feel like I know how to program.

  - by Wendy Peters

  I'm graduating with a Computer Science degree but I see websites like Stackoverflow and search engines like Google and don't know where I'd even begin to write something like that. During one summer I worked as a iPhone developer, but I felt like I was mostly gluing together libraries that other people had written with little understanding of what's happening underneath the hood. I'm trying to improve my knowledge by studying algorithms, but it is a long and painful process. I find algorithms difficult and at the rate I am working through my book it will a decade will have passed before I will finish. Given my current situation, I've spent a month looking for work but my skills (C, Python, Objective-C) are not so desirable in the local market, where C#, Java, and web development are much higher in demand. My GPA is ok (3.0) but it's not high enough to apply to the large companies or return for graduate studies and I don't have a good network of friends. Basically I'm graduating with a Computer Science degree but I don't feel like I know how to program. I thought that joining a company and programming full-time would give me a chance to develop my skills and learn from those more experienced than myself, but I'm struggling to find work and am starting to get really frustrated. I am going to cast my net wider and look beyond the city I've grown up in, but what have other people in similar situation tried to do?

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• StructureMap Open Generic Types

  - by Shane Fulmer

  I have the following classes: public interface IRenderer<T> { string Render(T obj); } public class Generic<T> { } public class SampleGenericRenderer<T> : IRenderer<Generic<T>> { public string Render(Generic<T> obj) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } I would like to be able to call StructureMap with ObjectFactory.GetInstance<IRenderer<Generic<string>>>(); and receive SampleGenericRenderer<string>. I'm currently using the following registration and receiving this error when I call GetInstance. "Unable to cast object of type 'ConsoleApplication1.SampleGenericRenderer'1[ConsoleApplication1.Generic'1[System.String]]' to type 'ConsoleApplication1.IRenderer'1[ConsoleApplication1.Generic'1[System.String]]'." public class CoreRegistry : Registry { public CoreRegistry() { Scan(assemblyScanner => { assemblyScanner.AssemblyContainingType(typeof(IRenderer<>)); assemblyScanner.AddAllTypesOf(typeof(IRenderer<>)); assemblyScanner.ConnectImplementationsToTypesClosing(typeof(IRenderer<>)); }); } } Is there any way to configure StructureMap so that it creates SampleGenericRenderer<string> instead of SampleGenericRenderer<Generic<string>>?

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• Linq to xml, retreaving generic interface-based list

  - by Rita

  I have an xml document that looks like this <Elements> <Element> <DisplayName /> <Type /> </Element> </Elements> I have an interface, interface IElement { string DisplayName {get;} } and a couple of derived classes: public class AElement: IElement public class BElement: IElement What I want to do, is to write the most efficient query to iterate through the xml and create a list of IElement, containing AElement or BElement, based on the 'Type' property in the xml. So far I have this: IEnumerable<AElement> elements = from xmlElement in XElement.Load(path).Elements("Element") where xmlElement.Element("type").Value == "AElement" select new AElement(xmlElement.Element("DisplayName").Value); return elements.Cast<IElement>().ToList(); But this is only for AElement, is there a way to add BElement in the same query, and also make it generic IEnumerable? Or would I have to run this query once for each derived type?

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• Strongly typed dynamic Linq sorting

  - by David

  I'm trying to build some code for dynamically sorting a Linq IQueryable<. The obvious way is here, which sorts a list using a string for the field name http://dvanderboom.wordpress.com/2008/12/19/dynamically-composing-linq-orderby-clauses/ However I want one change - compile time checking of field names, and the ability to use refactoring/Find All References to support later maintenance. That means I want to define the fields as f=f.Name, instead of as strings. For my specific use I want to encapsulate some code that would decide which of a list of named "OrderBy" expressions should be used based on user input, without writing different code every time. Here is the gist of what I've written: var list = from m Movies select m; // Get our list var sorter = list.GetSorter(...); // Pass in some global user settings object sorter.AddSort("NAME", m=m.Name); sorter.AddSort("YEAR", m=m.Year).ThenBy(m=m.Year); list = sorter.GetSortedList(); ... public class Sorter ... public static Sorter GetSorter(this IQueryable source, ...) The GetSortedList function determines which of the named sorts to use, which results in a List object, where each FieldData contains the MethodInfo and Type values of the fields passed in AddSort: public SorterItem AddSort(Func field) { MethodInfo ... = field.Method; Type ... = TypeOf(TKey); // Create item, add item to diction, add fields to item's List // The item has the ThenBy method, which just adds another field to the List } I'm not sure if there is a way to store the entire field object in a way that would allow it be returned later (it would be impossible to cast, since it is a generic type) Is there a way I could adapt the sample code, or come up with entirely new code, in order to sort using strongly typed field names after they have been stored in some container and retrieved (losing any generic type casting)

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• Need opinions on LaTeX and ever upgrading

  - by yCalleecharan

  Hi, I've been using LaTeX since 2005 with the TeXLive distribution and I've been upgrading as each new TeXLive distribution comes out. In the recent years I noticed an increase in new packages, updated packages and in one instance a new package bearing a different name replacing an old one by the same package author. A LaTeX document which relies heavily on packages and which has been produced a few years back may start to get some warnings and error messages on present-day LaTeX compilation. The primary reason I switched to LaTeX is because of its reliability and robustness to create big documents easily, not to mention the adorable typographic quality. With LaTeX one doesn't have to worry about how to open a docx in an old program supporting only doc for instance. Now, when there are so much continual changes in the packages in a LaTeX distribution, I tend to wonder when will this madness end. Not that having enhanced and new features are bad in packages, but not all updated packages are backward compatible. Eventually one would like to be able to compile a LaTeX file in 10 years time that he/she is working on at present and not get any compilation warnings/error messages due to some unpredictable behavior of updated packages or due to a package that has been cast-off from a LaTeX distribution. If I understand correctly CTAN do keep a database with all packages from different versions. I would like to know how you LaTeX users handle this issue. Thanks a lot...

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• Weird compile-time behavior when trying to use primitive type in generics

  - by polygenelubricants

  import java.lang.reflect.Array; public class PrimitiveArrayGeneric { static <T> T[] genericArrayNewInstance(Class<T> componentType) { return (T[]) Array.newInstance(componentType, 0); } public static void main(String args[]) { int[] intArray; Integer[] integerArray; intArray = (int[]) Array.newInstance(int.class, 0); // Okay! integerArray = genericArrayNewInstance(Integer.class); // Okay! intArray = genericArrayNewInstance(int.class); // Compile time error: // cannot convert from Integer[] to int[] integerArray = genericArrayNewInstance(int.class); // Run time error: // ClassCastException: [I cannot be cast to [Ljava.lang.Object; } } I'm trying to fully understand how generics works in Java. Things get a bit weird for me in the 3rd assignment in the above snippet: the compiler is complaining that Integer[] cannot be converted to int[]. The statement is 100% true, of course, but I'm wondering WHY the compiler is making this complaint. If you comment that line, and follow the compiler's "suggestion" as in the 4th assignment, the compiler is actually satisfied!!! NOW the code compiles just fine! Which is crazy, of course, since like the run time behavior suggests, int[] cannot be converted to Object[] (which is what T[] is type-erased into at run time). So my question is: why is the compiler "suggesting" that I assign to Integer[] instead for the 3rd assignment? How does the compiler reason to arrive to that (erroneous!) conclusion?

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• Generic that takes only numeric types (int double etc)?

  - by brandon

  In a program I'm working on, I need to write a function to take any numeric type (int, short, long etc) and shove it in to a byte array at a specific offset. There exists a Bitconverter.GetBytes() method that takes the numeric type and returns it as a byte array, and this method only takes numeric types. So far I have: private void AddToByteArray<T>(byte[] destination, int offset, T toAdd) where T : struct { Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(toAdd), 0, destination, offset, sizeof(toAdd)); } So basically my goal is that, for example, a call to AddToByteArray(array, 3, (short)10) would take 10 and store it in the 4th slot of array. The explicit cast exists because I know exactly how many bytes I want it to take up. There are cases where I would want a number that is small enough to be a short to really take up 4 bytes. On the flip side, there are times when I want an int to be crunched down to just a single byte. I'm doing this to create a custom network packet, if that makes any ideas pop in to your heads. If the where clause of a generic supported something like "where T : int || long || etc" I would be ok. (And no need to explain why they don't support that, the reason is fairly obvious) Any help would be greatly appreciated! Edit: I realize that I could just do a bunch of overloads, one for each type I want to support... but I'm asking this question because I want to avoid precisely that :)

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• Casting Type array to Generic array?

  - by George R

  The short version of the question - why can't I do this? I'm restricted to .NET 3.5. T[] genericArray; // Obviously T should be float! genericArray = new T[3]{ 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f }; // Can't do this either, why the hell not genericArray = new float[3]{ 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f }; Longer version - I'm working with the Unity engine here, although that's not important. What is - I'm trying to throw conversion between its fixed Vector2 (2 floats) and Vector3 (3 floats) and my generic Vector< class. I can't cast types directly to a generic array. using UnityEngine; public struct Vector { private readonly T[] _axes; #region Constructors public Vector(int axisCount) { this._axes = new T[axisCount]; } public Vector(T x, T y) { this._axes = new T[2] { x, y }; } public Vector(T x, T y, T z) { this._axes = new T[3]{x, y, z}; } public Vector(Vector2 vector2) { // This doesn't work this._axes = new T[2] { vector2.x, vector2.y }; } public Vector(Vector3 vector3) { // Nor does this this._axes = new T[3] { vector3.x, vector3.y, vector3.z }; } #endregion #region Properties public T this[int i] { get { return _axes[i]; } set { _axes[i] = value; } } public T X { get { return _axes[0];} set { _axes[0] = value; } } public T Y { get { return _axes[1]; } set { _axes[1] = value; } } public T Z { get { return this._axes.Length (Vector2 vector2) { Vector vector = new Vector(vector2); return vector; } public static explicit operator Vector(Vector3 vector3) { Vector vector = new Vector(vector3); return vector; } #endregion }

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• OOP design issue: Polymorphism

  - by Graham Phillips

  I'm trying to solve a design issue using inheritance based polymorphism and dynamic binding. I have an abstract superclass and two subclasses. The superclass contains common behaviour. SubClassA and SubClassB define some different methods: SubClassA defines a method performTransform(), but SubClassB does not. So the following example 1 var v:SuperClass; 2 var b:SubClassB = new SubClassB(); 3 v = b; 4 v.performTransform(); would cause a compile error on line 4 as performTransform() is not defined in the superclass. We can get it to compile by casting... (v as SubClassA).performTransform(); however, this will cause a runtime exception to be thrown as v is actually an instance of SubClassB, which also does not define performTransform() So we can get around that by testing the type of an object before casting it: if( typeof v == SubClassA) { (cast v to SubClassA).performTransform(); } That will ensure that we only call performTransform() on v's that are instances of SubClassA. That's a pretty inelegant solution to my eyes, but at least its safe. I have used interface based polymorphism (interface meaning a type that can't be instantiated and defines the API of classes that implement it) in the past, but that also feels clunky. For the above case, if SubClassA and SubClassB implemented ISuperClass that defined performTransform, then they would both have to implement performTransform(). If SubClassB had no real need for a performTransform() you would have to implement an empty function. There must be a design pattern out there that addresses the issue.

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