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• Delayed evaluation in Clojure

  - by StackedCrooked

  I'm having some trouble understanding how the delay macro works in Clojure. It doesn't seem to do what expect it to do (that is: delaying evaluation). As you can see in this code sample: ; returns the current time (defn get-timestamp [] (.getTime (java.util.Date.))) ; var should contain the current timestamp after calling "force" (def current-time (delay (get-timestamp))) However, calling current-time in the REPL appears to immediately evaluate the expression, even without having used the force macro: user=> current-time #<Delay@19b5217: 1276376485859> user=> (force current-time) 1276376485859 Why was the evaluation of get-timestamp not delayed until the first force call?

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• wrap all lines that are longer than line length

  - by user1919840

  I am writing a program that limits each line to a certain length. this is what i got so far, i am almost done but i still need to cut each line, but i cant figure it out. def main(): filename = input("Please enter the name of the file to be used: ") openFile = open(filename, 'r+') file = openFile.read() lLength = int(input("enter a number between 10 & 20: ")) while (lLength < 10) or (lLength > 20) : print("Invalid input, please try again...") lLength = int(input("enter a number between 10 & 20: ")) wr = textwrap.TextWrapper() wraped = wr.wrap(file) print("Here is your output formated to a max of", lLength, "characters per line: ") wr.width = lLength wr.expand_tabs = True for lines in wraped: print(lines) an example of what the output SHOULD be is this. If the file specified contains this text: hgytuinghdt #here the length is 11 ughtnjuiknshfyth #here the length is 16 nmjhkaiolgytuhngjuin #here the length is 20 and the lLength is specified to 15 then this should print out: hgytuinghdt ughtnjuiknshfyt h nmjhkaiolgytuhng juin Thanks.

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• Is this the right way of handling command line arguments?

  - by shadyabhi

  ask_username = True ask_password = True ask_message = True ask_number = True def Usage(): print '\t-h, --help: View help' print '\t-u, --username: Username' print '\t-p, --password: Password' print '\t-n, --number: numbber to send the sms' print '\t-m, --message: Message to send' sys.exit(1) opts, args = getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'u:p:m:n:h',["username=","password=","message=","number=","help"]) print opts, args for o,v in opts: if o in ("-h", "--help"): Usage() elif o in ("-u", "--username"): username = v ask_username = False elif o in ("-p", "--password"): passwd = v ask_password = False elif o in ("-m", "--message"): message = v ask_message = False elif o in ("-n", "--number"): number = v ask_number = False #Credentials taken here if ask_username: username = raw_input("Enter USERNAME: ") if ask_password: passwd = getpass() if ask_message: message = raw_input("Enter Message: ") if ask_number: number = raw_input("Enter Mobile number: ") I dont think it is, because I am using 4 objects just for checking if command line argument was provided... Guide me with the best way of doing it..

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• Removing words from a file

  - by user1765792

  I'm trying to take a regular text file and remove words identified in a separate file (stopwords) containing the words to be removed separated by carriage returns ("\n"). Right now I'm converting both files into lists so that the elements of each list can be compared. I got this function to work, but it doesn't remove all of the words I have specified in the stopwords file. Any help is greatly appreciated. def elimstops(file_str): #takes as input a string for the stopwords file location stop_f = open(file_str, 'r') stopw = stop_f.read() stopw = stopw.split('\n') text_file = open('sample.txt') #Opens the file whose stop words will be eliminated prime = text_file.read() prime = prime.split(' ') #Splits the string into a list separated by a space tot_str = "" #total string i = 0 while i < (len(stopw)): if stopw[i] in prime: prime.remove(stopw[i]) #removes the stopword from the text else: pass i += 1 # Creates a new string from the compilation of list elements # with the stop words removed for v in prime: tot_str = tot_str + str(v) + " " return tot_str

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• What is an alternative to eval in this situation?

  - by CppLearner

  Many of my view functions do similar things. For the most part, they reverse to a different views upon clicking a button / a text link. So I wrote a helper function render_reverse def render_reverse(f, args): # args are all string type return eval('reverse(' + f + ', ' + args + ')' ) eval is a bad practice, and is pretty slow. It takes 3 seconds to start redirecting, whereas calling reverse directly takes less than 1 second to start redirecting. What alternative do I have? By the way, the function above doesn't work properly. I was modelling after this line (which works) eval('reverse("homepage", args=["abcdefg"])') Thanks.

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• Functional equivalent of if (p(f(a), f(b)) a else b

  - by oxbow_lakes

  I'm guessing that there must be a better functional way of expressing the following: def foo(i: Any) : Int if (foo(a) < foo(b)) a else b So in this example f == foo and p == _ < _. There's bound to be some masterful cleverness in scalaz for this! I can see that using BooleanW I can write: p(f(a), f(b)).option(a).getOrElse(b) But I was sure that I would be able to write some code which only referred to a and b once. If this exists it must be on some combination of Function1W and something else but scalaz is a bit of a mystery to me! EDIT: I guess what I'm asking here is not "how do I write this?" but "What is the correct name and signature for such a function and does it have anything to do with FP stuff I do not yet understand like Kleisli, Comonad etc?"

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• What is the difference between "a is b" and "id(a) == id(b)" in Python?

  - by bp

  The id() inbuilt function gives... an integer (or long integer) which is guaranteed to be unique and constant for this object during its lifetime. The is operator, instead, gives... object identity So why is it possible to have two objects that have the same id but return False to an is check? Here is an example: >>> class Test(): ... def test(): ... pass >>> a = Test() >>> b = Test() >>> id(a.test) == id(b.test) True >>> a.test is b.test False A more troubling example: (continuing the above) >>> b = a >>> b is a True >>> b.test is a.test False >>> a.test is a.test False

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• RSpec "undefined local variable or method `user'"

  - by Justin

  I have the following test written in RSpec: describe '#create' do ... it 'redirects users to profile page' do response.should redirect_to user_path(user) end ... ... And the following in my UsersController: def create @user = User.new(params[:user]) if @user.save redirect_to user_path(@user) end end Does anyone know why this is returning the following error: NameError: undefined local variable or method 'user' I also tried changing this to be root_url in both cases instead of user_path(user) and it gave a different error saying: Expected response to be a <:redirect>, but was <200> Does anyone know what the issue might be? I have double-checked my code and have seen similar questions posted online, but haven't been able to find a solution. Thanks in advance for any help!

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• Chaining your own method in Ruby on Rails

  - by steven_noble

  In my Rails app, I am used to using syntax like the following in a number of places, including helpers/application_helper.rb: def my_method(x,y) return x+y end I am also used to calling the resulting method from basically anywhere in my app using syntax like this: my_method(2,3) However, I'd like to be able to use syntax like like this: class_from_my_rails_app.my_method(3) How and where do I define my_method so I can use it like this? I'm happy to consult the documentation, but I just don't know what the latter style is called. What do you call it? Many thanks, Steven.

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• How does * work in Python

  - by Deqing

  Just switched from C++ to Python, and found that sometimes it is a little hard to understand ideas behind Python. I guess, a variable is a reference to the real object. For example, a=(1,2,5) meaning a - (1,2,5), so if b=a, then b and a are 2 references pointing to the same (1,2,5). It is a little like pointers in C/C++. If I have: def foo(a,b,c): print a,b,c a=(1,3,5) foo(*a) What does * mean here? Looks like it expands tuple a to a[0], a[1] and a[2]. But why print(*a) is not working while print(a[0],a[1],a[2]) works fine?

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• Access Ruby on Rails 'public' directory without relative path

  - by huntca

  I have a flash object I wish to load and I belive the best place to store that asset is in the public directory. Suppose it's stored in public/flash, there must be a better way to path to the swf than what I've done below. Note the 'data' element, it has a relative path. def create_vnc_object haml_tag :object, :id => 'flash', :width => '100%', :height => '100%', :type => 'application/x-shockwave-flash', :data => '../../flash/flash.swf' do haml_tag :param, :name => 'movie', :value => '../../flash/flash.swf' end end Is there some rails variable that points to public?

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• how can i introspect properties and model fields in django?

  - by shreddd

  I am trying to get a list of all existing model fields and properties for a given object. Is there a clean way to instrospect an object so that I can get a dict of fields and properties. class MyModel(Model) url = models.TextField() def _get_location(self): return "%s/jobs/%d"%(url, self.id) location = property(_get_location) What I want is something that returns a dict that looks like this: { 'id' : 1, 'url':'http://foo', 'location' : 'http://foo/jobs/1' } I can use model._meta.fields to get the model fields, but this doesn't give me things that are properties but not real DB fields.

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• HTTP download not working on Rails 3

  - by Test Test

  I have this in my Rails controller: def download_clip send_file "public/output.mp4", :type=>"video/mp4", :filename => "output.mp4", :disposition => 'attachment' end and in my HTML code I have this: <a href="download_clip/"></a> Now could somebody tell me why Firefox's download window will NOT pou up, but chrome downloads the file fine? Instead firefox opens a new window and starts playing the file. I WANT THE DOWNLOAD BOX to POPUP. I have spend too much time on it

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• Object directing to a property when accessed as an iterable

  - by ThE_JacO

  I'm trying to figure out if there's an elegant and concise way to have a class accessing one of its own properties when "used" as a dictionary, basically redirecting all the methods that'd be implemented in an ordered dictionary to one of its properties. Currently I'm inheriting from IterableUserDict and explicitly setting its data to another property, and it seems to be working, but I know that UserDict is considered sort of old, and I'm concerned I might be overlooking something. What I have: class ConnectionInterface(IterableUserDict): def __init__(self, hostObject): self._hostObject= hostObject self.ports= odict.OrderedDict() self.inputPorts= odict.OrderedDict() self.outputPorts= odict.OrderedDict() self.data= self.ports This way I expect the object to behave and respond (and be used) the way I mean it to, except I want to get a freebie ordered dictionary behaviour on its property "ports" when it's iterated, items are gotten by key, something is looked up ala if this in myObject, and so on. Any advice welcome, the above seems to be working fine, but I have an odd itch that I might be missing something. Thanks in advance.

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• Calculate sum of objects for each unique object property in Ruby

  - by macek

  I was helping with an answer in this question and it sparked a question of my own. Pie is an object that has a pieces array made of of PiePiece objects. Each PiePiece has a flavor attribute How do I create a hash that looks like this: # flavor => number of pieces { :cherry => 3 :apple => 1 :strawberry => 2 } This works, but I think it could be improved def inventory hash = {} pieces.each do |p| hash[p.flavor] ||= 0 hash[p.flavor] += 1 end hash end Any ideas?

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• Controller path for nested resource - undefined method `<controller>_path'

  - by owilde1900

  I'm having trouble displaying my form at /users/2/friends/new. I'm receiving undefined method `friends_path' for #<#<Class:0x21f0c14>:0x21ef364> Here is the beginning of the form <% form_for(@friend) do |f| %> And the friends controller def new @user = User.find(params[:user_id]) @friend = @user.friends.build end This is the route resources :users do resources :friends end And the relevant path from "rake routes" users/:user_id/friends/new(.:format) {:controller=>"friends", :action=>"new"} Any help or insight is greatly appreciated. This is my first rails 3 app.

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• Array Flatten does not work (Instance variable nil)

  - by Nick

  I was trying to write a simple array flatten method, but it does not work using instance variable. It works only using class variables. Can anyone tell me why? and how to make it work using instance variables. class Array @y = [] def flatten_array self.each do |x| if x.class.to_s != 'Array' @y << x else x.flatten_array end end return @y end end a = [1,2,3,4,5] b = [6,7,8] c = [9,10] a1 = [12,13,a,b,c] puts a1.inspect b1 = a1.flatten_array puts b1.inspect

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• ruby on rails named scopes (searching)

  - by houlahan

  I have a named scope (name) combination of first and last name and I'm wanting to use this in a search box. I have the code below: named_scope :full_name, lambda { |fn| {:joins => :actor, :conditions => ['first_name LIKE ? OR second_name LIKE ?', "%#{fn}%", "%#{fn}%"]} } def self.search(search) if search self.find(:all, :conditions => [ 'full_name LIKE ?', "%#{search}%"]) else find(:all) end end but this doesn't work as it gives the following error: SQLite3::SQLException: no such column: full_name: SELECT * FROM "actors" WHERE (full_name LIKE '%eli dooley%') Thanks in advance Houlahan

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• nested has_many

  - by Nick Vanderbilt

  I am using Rails 2.3.5. Class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :phones end class Phone < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :frequency_bands end I want to get all the frequency_bands for a user. I know I can write a method def freq_bands for User but I would like to know if it is possible to have has_many freq_bands for a User. In this way I can chain the call. What I would like to have is class User < ActiveRecor::Base has_many :frequence_bands, :through => phones end I think it is possible to have nested has_many using this plugin http://github.com/ianwhite/nested_has_many_through However if possible I would like to avoid using another plugin and rely solely on rails.

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• Using a method defined in appliciaton_controller.rb in application_controller.rb

  - by E.E.33

  I want to change my layout based on whether or not the current user is an admin. So I made a simple method to check if current user is admin, I then call that method in application controller. I keep getting the following error: undefined method `is_admin?' for ApplicationController:Class My code looks like this: class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base protect_from_forgery helper_method :current_user, :is_admin? if is_admin? layout 'admin' end ..... protected ..... def is_admin? if current_user.user_role == 'admin' return true end end end How should I be doing this? Thanks

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• Ruby ActiveRecord + Mongrel going slow

  - by stel

  I have a class like this: class Router :: Mongrel::HttpHandler def process(req, res) status, header, body = [200, {"Content-type"="text/html"}, Model.all.to_xml] res.start(status) do |head, out| header.each_pair { |key, value| head[key] = value } out.write body end end end It's an server and I use an ActiveResource front end on the other side. Every 3rd request is very slow (about 5 seconds, 1st and 2nd is ok, about 0.01 sec). The problem in Model.all.to_xml (it is ActiveRecord - SQLite). Why it is too slow? It only happens when I use it in Mongrel::HttpHandler.. This 100.times do a = Time.now Car.all.to_xml puts "#{Time.now - a}" sleep(1) end is always works good.

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• speeding up parsing of files

  - by user248237

  the following function parses a CSV file into a list of dictionaries, where each element in the list is a dictionary where the values are indexed by the header of the file (assumed to be the first line.) this function is very very slow, taking ~6 seconds for a file that's relatively small (less than 30,000 lines.) how can I speed it up? def csv2dictlist_raw(filename, delimiter='\t'): f = open(filename) header_line = f.readline().strip() header_fields = header_line.split(delimiter) dictlist = [] # convert data to list of dictionaries for line in f: values = map(tryEval, line.strip().split(delimiter)) dictline = dict(zip(header_fields, values)) dictlist.append(dictline) return (dictlist, header_fields) thanks.

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• No route matches - after login attempt - even though the route exists?

  - by datorum

  I am working on a rails application and added a simple login system according to a book. I created the controller admin: rails generate controller admin login logout index It added the following routes to routes.db get "admin/login" get "admin/logout" get "admin/index" I can got to http://localhost:3000/admin/login there is no problem at all. But when I try to login I get: No route matches "/admin/login"! Now, the first confusing part is that the "login" method of my AdminController is not executed at all. The second confusing part is that this code works like a charm - redirects everything to /admin/login: def authorize unless User.find_by_id(session[:user_id]) flash[:notice] = "you need to login" redirect_to :controller => 'admin', :action => 'login' end end Sidenotes: I restarted the server several times. I tried a different browser - to be sure there is no caching problem.

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• OpenId + Bort + google

  - by zakurahime

  Hi I'm new in using ruby and i wanted to implement the openid feature that came with the bort template... I used the google openid url https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/id in the sign up but it cant get the email that i used in the openid login.. here's a part of my code... its the standard code from the bort template def create logout_keeping_session! if using_open_id? authenticate_with_open_id(params[:openid_url], :return_to => open_id_create_url, :required => [:nickname, :email]) do |result, identity_url, registration| if result.successful? create_new_user(:identity_url => identity_url, :login => registration['nickname'], :email => registration['email']) else failed_creation(result.message || "Sorry, something went wrong") end end else create_new_user(params[:user]) end end i will really appreciate any help on this.. i've been stuck with this for a few days now.. thanks

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• Feedback on implementation of function which compares integer signs in Python.

  - by John Magistr

  Hi all. I've made a small function which, given a tuple, compares if all elements in this tuple is of the same sign. E.g., tuple = [-1, -4, -6, -8] is good, while [-1, -4, 12, -8] is bad. I am not sure I've made the smartest implementation, so I know this is the place to ask. def check_consistent_categories(queryset): try: first_item = queryset[0].amount if first_item < 0: for item in queryset: if item > 0: return False return True else: for item in queryset: if item < 0: return False return True except: return False

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