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  • How to parse a directory tree in python?

    - by chutsu
    I have a directory called "notes" within the notes I have categories which are named "science", "maths" ... within those folder are sub-categories, such as "Quantum Mechanics", "Linear Algebra". ./notes --> ./notes/maths ------> ./notes/maths/linear_algebra --> ./notes/physics/ ------> ./notes/physics/quantum_mechanics My problem is that I don't know how to put the categories and subcategories into TWO SEPARATE list/array.

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  • Custom constructors for models in Google App Engine (python)

    - by Nikhil Chelliah
    I'm getting back to programming for Google App Engine and I've found, in old, unused code, instances in which I wrote constructors for models. It seems like a good idea, but there's no mention of it online and I can't test to see if it works. Here's a contrived example, with no error-checking, etc.: class Dog(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty(required=True) breeds = db.StringListProperty() age = db.IntegerProperty(default=0) def __init__(self, name, breed_list, **kwargs): db.Model.__init__(**kwargs) self.name = name self.breeds = breed_list.split() rufus = Dog('Rufus', 'spaniel terrier labrador') rufus.put() The **kwargs are passed on to the Model constructor in case the model is constructed with a specified parent or key_name, or in case other properties (like age) are specified. This constructor differs from the default in that it requires that a name and breed_list be specified (although it can't ensure that they're strings), and it parses breed_list in a way that the default constructor could not. Is this a legitimate form of instantiation, or should I just use functions or static/class methods? And if it works, why aren't custom constructors used more often?

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  • python function that returns a function from list of functions

    - by thkang
    I want to make following function: 1)input is a number. 2)functions are indexed, return a function whose index matches given number here's what I came up with: def foo_selector(whatfoo): def foo1(): return def foo2(): return def foo3(): return ... def foo999(): return #something like return foo[whatfoo] the problem is, how can I index the functions (foo#)? I can see functions foo1 to foo999 by dir(). however, dir() returns name of such functions, not the functions themselves. In the example, those foo-functions aren't doing anything. However in my program they perform different tasks and I can't automatically generate them. I write them myself, and have to return them by their name.

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  • Python: eliminating stack traces into library code?

    - by Mark Harrison
    When I get a runtime exception from the standard library, it's almost always a problem in my code and not in the library code. Is there a way to truncate the exception stack trace so that it doesn't show the guts of the library package? For example, I would like to get this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 71, in <module> main() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 66, in main create() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 41, in create headver1[depotFile]=rev TypeError: Data values must be of type string or None. and not this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 71, in <module> main() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 66, in main create() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 41, in create headver1[depotFile]=rev File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/__init__.py", line 276, in __setitem__ _DeadlockWrap(wrapF) # self.db[key] = value File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/dbutils.py", line 68, in DeadlockWrap return function(*_args, **_kwargs) File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/__init__.py", line 275, in wrapF self.db[key] = value TypeError: Data values must be of type string or None.

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  • Python for statement giving an Invalid Syntax error with list

    - by Cold Diamondz
    I have some code in which is throwing an error (I'm using repl.it) import random students = ['s1:0','s2:0','s3:0'] while True: print'\n'*50 print'Ticket Machine'.center(80) print'-'*80 print'1. Clear Student Ticket Values'.center(80) print'2. Draw Tickets'.center(80) menu = raw_input('-'*80+'\nChoose an Option: ') if menu == '1': print'\n'*50 print'CLEARED!' students = ['s1:0','s2:0','s3:0'] raw_input('Press enter to return to the main menu!') elif menu == '2': tickets = [] print'\n'*50 times = int(raw_input('How many tickets to draw? ') for a in students: for i in range(a.split(':')[1]): tickets.append(a.split(':')[0]) for b in range(1,times+1): print str(b) + '. ' + random.choice(tickets) else: print'\n'*50 print'That was not an option!' raw_input('Press enter to return to the main menu!') But it is throwing this error: File "<stdin>", line 19 for a in students: ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax I am planning on using this in a class, but I can't use it until the bug is fixed, also, student names have been removed for privacy reasons.

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  • Python: Pickling highly-recursive objects without using `setrecursionlimit`

    - by cool-RR
    I've been getting RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded when trying to pickle a highly-recursive tree object. Much like this asker here. He solved his problem by setting the recursion limit higher with sys.setrecursionlimit. But I don't want to do that: I think that's more of a workaround than a solution. Because I want to be able to pickle my trees even if they have 10,000 nodes in them. (It currently fails at around 200.) (Also, every platform's true recursion limit is different, and I would really like to avoid opening this can of worms.) Is there any way to solve this at the fundamental level? If only the pickle module would pickle using a loop instead of recursion, I wouldn't have had this problem. Maybe someone has an idea how I can cause something like this to happen, without rewriting the pickle module? Any other idea how I can solve this problem will be appreciated.

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  • using Python reduce over a list of pairs

    - by user248237
    I'm trying to pair together a bunch of elements in a list to create a final object, in a way that's analogous to making a sum of objects. I'm trying to use a simple variation on reduce where you consider a list of pairs rather than a flat list to do this. I want to do something along the lines of: nums = [1, 2, 3] reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, nums) except I'd like to add additional information to the sum that is specific to each element in the list of numbers nums. For example for each pair (a,b) in the list, run the sum as (a+b): nums = [(1, 0), (2, 5), (3, 10)] reduce(lambda x, y: (x[0]+x[1]) + (y[0]+y[1]), nums) This does not work: >>> reduce(lambda x, y: (x[0]+x[1]) + (y[0]+y[1]), nums) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<stdin>", line 1, in <lambda> TypeError: 'int' object is unsubscriptable Why does it not work? I know I can encode nums as a flat list - that is not the point - I just want to be able to create a reduce operation that can iterate over a list of pairs, or over two lists of the same length simultaneously and pool information from both lists. thanks.

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  • encapsulation in python list (want to use " instead of ')

    - by Codehai
    I have a list of users users["pirates"] and they're stored in the format ['pirate1','pirate2']. If I hand the list over to a def and query for it in MongoDB, it returns data based on the first index (e.g. pirate1) only. If I hand over a list in the format ["pirate1","pirate"], it returns data based on all the elements in the list. So I think there's something wrong with the encapsulation of the elements in the list. My question: can I change the encapsulation from ' to " without replacing every ' on every element with a loop manually? Short Example: aList = list() # get pirate Stuff # users["pirates"] is a list returned by a former query # so e.g. users["pirates"][0] may be peter without any quotes for pirate in users["pirates"]: aList.append(pirate) aVar = pirateDef(aList) print(aVar) the definition: def pirateDef(inputList = list()): # prepare query col = mongoConnect().MYCOL # query for pirates Arrrr pirates = col.find({ "_id" : {"$in" : inputList}} ).sort("_id",1).limit(50) # loop over users userList = list() for person in pirates: # do stuff that has nothing to do with the problem # append user to userlist userList.append(person) return userList If the given list has ' encapsulation it returns: 'pirates': [{'pirate': 'Arrr', '_id': 'blabla'}] If capsulated with " it returns: 'pirates' : [{'_id': 'blabla', 'pirate' : 'Arrr'}, {'_id': 'blabla2', 'pirate' : 'cheers'}] EDIT: I tried figuring out, that the problem has to be in the MongoDB query. The list is handed over to the Def correctly, but after querying pirates only consists of 1 element... Thanks for helping me Codehai

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  • Python + Expat: Error on &#0; entities

    - by clacke
    I have written a small function, which uses ElementTree and xpath to extract the text contents of certain elements in an xml file: #!/usr/bin/env python2.5 import doctest from xml.etree import ElementTree from StringIO import StringIO def parse_xml_etree(sin, xpath): """ Takes as input a stream containing XML and an XPath expression. Applies the XPath expression to the XML and returns a generator yielding the text contents of each element returned. >>> parse_xml_etree( ... StringIO('<test><elem1>one</elem1><elem2>two</elem2></test>'), ... '//elem1').next() 'one' >>> parse_xml_etree( ... StringIO('<test><elem1>one</elem1><elem2>two</elem2></test>'), ... '//elem2').next() 'two' >>> parse_xml_etree( ... StringIO('<test><null>&#0;</null><elem3>three</elem3></test>'), ... '//elem2').next() 'three' """ tree = ElementTree.parse(sin) for element in tree.findall(xpath): yield element.text if __name__ == '__main__': doctest.testmod(verbose=True) The third test fails with the following exception: ExpatError: reference to invalid character number: line 1, column 13 Is the � entity illegal XML? Regardless whether it is or not, the files I want to parse contain it, and I need some way to parse them. Any suggestions for another parser than Expat, or settings for Expat, that would allow me to do that?

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  • Using Python read specific (column, row) values from a txt file

    - by user2955708
    I would like to read values from a text file until that is a float value. Lets say I have the following file: 14:53:55 Load 300 Speed 200 Distance,m Fz Fx Speed 0.0000 249 4 6.22 0.0002 247 33 16.29 0.0004 246 49 21.02 0.2492 240 115 26.97 0.2494 241 112 21.78 0.2496 240 109 13.09 0.2498 169 79 0.27 Distance,m Fz Fx Speed 0.0000 249 4 7.22 0.0002 247 33 1.29 0.0004 246 49 271.02 0.2492 240 115 26.97 0.2494 241 112 215.78 0.2496 240 109 13.09 0.2498 169 79 0.27 And I need only the values under the first Distance column. So something like skip the first few rows, then read values from the first column while it is float. Thanks your help in advance

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  • Working with a list, performing arithmetic logic in Python

    - by haea ohoh
    Suppose I have made a large list of numbers, and I want to make another one which I will add, pairwise, with the first list. Here's the first list, A: [109, 77, 57, 34, 94, 68, 96, 72, 39, 67, 49, 71, 121, 89, 61, 84, 45, 40, 104, 68, 54, 60, 68, 62, 91, 45, 41, 118, 44, 35, 53, 86, 41, 63, 111, 112, 54, 34, 52, 72, 111, 113, 47, 91, 107, 114, 105, 91, 57, 86, 32, 109, 84, 85, 114, 48, 105, 109, 68, 57, 78, 111, 64, 55, 97, 85, 40, 100, 74, 34, 94, 78, 57, 77, 94, 46, 95, 60, 42, 44, 68, 89, 113, 66, 112, 60, 40, 110, 89, 105, 113, 90, 73, 44, 39, 55, 108, 110, 64, 108] And here's B: [35, 106, 55, 61, 81, 109, 82, 85, 71, 55, 59, 38, 112, 92, 59, 37, 46, 55, 89, 63, 73, 119, 70, 76, 100, 49, 117, 77, 37, 62, 65, 115, 93, 34, 107, 102, 91, 58, 82, 119, 75, 117, 34, 112, 121, 58, 79, 69, 68, 72, 110, 43, 111, 51, 102, 39, 52, 62, 75, 118, 62, 46, 74, 77, 82, 81, 36, 87, 80, 56, 47, 41, 92, 102, 101, 66, 109, 108, 97, 49, 72, 74, 93, 114, 55, 116, 66, 93, 56, 56, 93, 99, 96, 115, 93, 111, 57, 105, 35, 99] How might I generate the arithmatic addition logic, processing each pairwise value one by one (A[0] and B[0], through A[99], B[99]) and producing the list C (A[0] + B[0] through A[99]+ B[99])?

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  • python and palindromes

    - by tekknolagi
    i recently wrote a method to cycle through /usr/share/dict/words and return a list of palindromes using my ispalindrome(x) method here's some of the code...what's wrong with it? it just stalls for 10 minutes and then returns a list of all the words in the file def reverse(a): return a[::-1] def ispalindrome(a): b = reverse(a) if b.lower() == a.lower(): return True else: return False wl = open('/usr/share/dict/words', 'r') wordlist = wl.readlines() wl.close() for x in wordlist: if not ispalindrome(x): wordlist.remove(x) print wordlist

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  • Finding most recently edited file in python

    - by zztpp5521
    I have a set of folders, and I want to be able to run a function that will find the most recently edited file and tell me the name of the file and the folder it is in. Folder layout: root Folder A File A File B Folder B File C File D etc... Any tips to get me started as i've hit a bit of a wall.

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  • Does my function right on python?

    - by Ali Ismayilov
    Write a function which takes a string argument, and creates and returns an Employee object containing details of the employee specified by the string. The string should be assumed to have the format 12345 25000 Consultant Bart Simpson The first three items in the line will be the payroll number, salary and job title and the rest of the line will be the name. There will be no spaces in the job title but there may be one or more spaces in the name. My function: def __str__(self): return format(self.payroll, "d") + format(self.salary, "d") + ' ' \ + self.jobtitle + self.name

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  • python unit testing os.remove fails file system

    - by hwjp
    Am doing a bit of unit testing on a function which attempts to open a new file, but should fail if the file already exists. when the function runs sucessfully, the new file is created, so i want to delete it after every test run, but it doesn't seem to be working: class MyObject_Initialisation(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): if os.path.exists(TEMPORARY_FILE_NAME): try: os.remove(TEMPORARY_FILE_NAME) except WindowsError: #TODO: can't figure out how to fix this... #time.sleep(3) #self.setUp() #this just loops forever pass def tearDown(self): self.setUp() any thoughts? The Windows Error thrown seems to suggest the file is in use... could it be that the tests are run in parallel threads? I've read elsewhere that it's 'bad practice' to use the filesystem in unit testing, but really? Surely there's a way around this that doesn't invole dummying the filesystem?

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  • How to run a program in python?

    - by Luka Mihaldinec
    this is my code. I'm trying to make a script which would run an .exe file from my computer. And this one isn't working :/ I think I'm using the wrong command.. I tried all the other commands like import os, os.startfile, but they won't work too. I think my code is just wrong :P loop=0 while loop==0: answer=raw_input("coded by: Narralol\n\n" "Pick a task:\n" "1) Start Minecraft.exe\n" "2) Start Minecraft_Server.jar\n" "3) Backup your server\n" "4) Copy the backup to your desktop\n" "5) Exit\n") if answer==1: execfile('D:\Games\Minecraft\Minecraft.exe') elif answer==2: execfile('D:\Games\Minecraft\Minecraft_server.jar') elif answer==5: loop=1

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  • displaying a colored 2d array in matplotlib in Python

    - by user248237
    I'd like to plot a 2-d matrix from numpy as a colored matrix in Matplotlib. I have the following 9-by-9 array: my_array = diag(ones(9)) # plot the array pcolor(my_array) I'd like to set the first three elements of the diagonal to be a certain color, the next three to be a different color, and the last three a different color. I'd like to specify the color by a hex code string, like "#FF8C00". How can I do this? Also, how can I set the color of 0-valued elements for pcolor?

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  • In Python, are there builtin functions for elementwise map of boolean operators over tuples of lists

    - by bshanks
    For example, if you have n lists of bools of the same length, then elementwise boolean AND should return another list of that length that has True in those positions where all the input lists have True, and False everywhere else. It's pretty easy to write, i just would prefer to use a builtin if one exists (for the sake of standardization/readability). Here's an implementation of elementwise AND: def eAnd(*args): return [all(tuple) for tuple in zip(*args)] example usage: >>> eAnd([True, False, True, False, True], [True, True, False, False, True], [True, True, False, False, True]) [True, False, False, False, True] thx

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  • printing dynamically string in one line in python

    - by EngHamoud
    I'm trying to print strings in one line. I've found solutions but they don't works with windows correctly. I have text file contains names and I want to print them like this name=john then change john to next name and keep name=, I've made this code but didn't work correctly with windows: op = open('names.txt','r') print 'name=', for i in op.readlines(): print '\r'+i.strip('\n') thank you for your time

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  • Python what's the data structure for triple data

    - by Paul
    I've got a set of data that has three attributes, say A, B, and C, where A is kind of the index (i.e., A is used to look up the other two attributes.) What would be the best data structure for such data? I used two dictionaries, with A as the index of each. However, there's key errors when the query to the data doesn't match any instance of A.

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