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  • Querying for a unique value based on the aggregate of another value while grouping on a third value

    - by Justin Swartsel
    So I know this problem isn't a new one, but I'm trying to wrap my head around it and understand the best way to deal with scenarios like this. Say I have a hypothetical table 'X' that looks like this: GroupID ID (identity) SomeDateTime -------------------------------------------- 1 1000 1/1/01 1 1001 2/2/02 1 1002 3/3/03 2 1003 4/4/04 2 1004 5/5/05 I want to query it so the result set looks like this: ---------------------------------------- 1 1002 3/3/03 2 1004 5/5/05 Basically what I want is the MAX SomeDateTime value grouped by my GroupID column. The kicker is that I DON'T want to group by the ID column, I just want to know the 'ID' that corresponds to the MAX SomeDateTime. I know one pseudo-solution would be: ;WITH X1 as ( SELECT MAX(SomeDateTime) as SomeDateTime, GroupID FROM X GROUP BY GroupID ) SELECT X1.SomeDateTime, X1.GroupID, X2.ID FROM X1 INNER JOIN X as X2 ON X.DateTime = X2.DateTime But this doesn't solve the fact that a DateTime might not be unique. And it seems sloppy to join on a DateTime like that. Another pseudo-solution could be: SELECT X.GroupID, MAX(X.ID) as ID, MAX(X.SomeDateTime) as SomeDateTime FROM X GROUP BY X.GroupID But there are no guarantees that ID will actually match the row that SomeDateTime comes from. A third less useful option might be: SELECT TOP 1 X.GroupID, X.ID, X.SomeDateTime FROM X WHERE X.GroupID = 1 ORDER BY X.SomeDateTime DESC But obviously that only works with a single, known, GroupID. I want to be able to join this result set on GroupID and/or ID. Does anyone know of any clever solutions? Any good uses of windowing functions? Thanks!

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  • php, js - echoing a number based on how many children there are?

    - by benbyford
    Creating a site in with FrogCMS and using alot of jquery to create an all in one screen site. having trouble in php echoing a number for the number of children for a subject in the database which i can then use as a var in js. some things ive tried, but im not really a developer so having issues here is some code frog supplies to show to utilise articles for example, and articles then has childen in the database. find('/articles/'); ? children(array('limit' = 1, 'order' = 'page.created_on DESC')); ? but im not sure how to create a discrete number to use with the jquery concerning the number of children?? thanks

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  • Help needed for writing a Set Based query for finding the highest marks obtained by the students

    - by priyanka.sarkar_2
    I have the below table declare @t table (id int identity, name varchar(50),sub1 int,sub2 int,sub3 int,sub4 int) insert into @t select 'name1',20,30,40,50 union all select 'name2',10,30,40,50 union all select 'name3',40,60,100,50 union all select 'name4',80,30,40,80 union all select 'name5',80,70,40,50 union all select 'name6',10,30,40,80 The desired output should be Id Name Sub1 Sub2 Sub3 Sub4 3 Name3 100 4 Name4 80 80 5 Name5 80 70 6 Name6 80 What I have done so far is ;with cteSub1 as ( select rn1 = dense_rank() over(order by sub1 desc),t.id,t.name,t.sub1 from @t t ) ,cteSub2 as ( select rn2 = dense_rank() over(order by sub2 desc),t.id,t.name,t.sub2 from @t t ) ,cteSub3 as ( select rn3 = dense_rank() over(order by sub3 desc),t.id,t.name,t.sub3 from @t t ) ,cteSub4 as ( select rn4 = dense_rank() over(order by sub4 desc),t.id,t.name,t.sub4 from @t t ) select x1.id,x2.id,x3.id,x4.id ,x1.sub1,x2.sub2,x3.sub3,x4.sub4 from (select c1.id,c1.sub1 from cteSub1 c1 where rn1 =1) as x1 full join (select c2.id,c2.sub2 from cteSub2 c2 where rn2 =1)x2 on x1.id = x2.id full join (select c3.id,c3.sub3 from cteSub3 c3 where rn3 =1)x3 on x1.id = x3.id full join (select c4.id,c4.sub4 from cteSub4 c4 where rn4 =1)x4 on x1.id = x4.id which is giving me the output as id id id id sub1 sub2 sub3 sub4 5 5 NULL NULL 80 70 NULL NULL 4 NULL NULL 4 80 NULL NULL 80 NULL NULL 3 NULL NULL NULL 100 NULL NULL NULL NULL 6 NULL NULL NULL 80 Help needed. Also how can I reduce the number of CTE's?

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  • How to match words as if in a dictionary, based on len-1 or len+1? Python

    - by pearbear
    If I have a word 'raqd', how would I use python to have a spellcheck, so to speak, to find the word 'rad' as an option in 'spellcheck'? What I've been trying to do is this: def isbettermatch(keysplit, searchword): i = 0 trues = 0 falses = 0 lensearchwords = len(searchword) keysplits = copy.deepcopy(keysplit) searchwords = copy.deepcopy(searchword) #print keysplit, searchwords if len(keysplits) == len(searchwords)-1: i = 0 while i < len(keysplits): j = 0 while j < lensearchwords: if keysplits[i] == searchwords[j]: trues +=1 searchwords.pop(j) lensearchwords = len(searchwords) elif keysplits[i] != searchwords[j]: falses +=1 j +=1 i +=1 if trues >= len(searchwords)-1: #print "-------------------------------------------------------", keysplits return True keysplit is a list like ['s', 'p', 'o', 'i', 'l'] for example, and the searchword would be a list ['r', 'a', 'q', 'd']. If the function returns True, then it would print the keyword that matches. Ex. 'rad', for the searchword 'raqd'. I need to find all possible matches for the searchword with a single letter addition or deletion. so ex. 'raqd' would have an option to be 'rad', and 'poted' could be 'posted' or 'potted'. Above is what I have tried, but it is not working well at all. Help much appreciated!

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  • What sort of schema can I use to accommodate manual date based data entries?

    - by meder
    I have an admin where users from multiple properties can enter in monthly statistics for twitter/facebook followers. We do not have access to the real data/db so this is why a manual entry. The form looks like this: Type ( radio, select **one** only ): - Twitter - Facebook Followers/Fans ( textfield ): Property (dropdown): Hotel A, Hotel B Date Start: mm/dd/yyyy (textfield) Date End: mm/dd/yyyy (textfield) Question 1.1: Since I am only keeping track of month per month, the date start/end fields which I have already created might be too specific. Would it be a better idea just to have a start month/year and and month/year if that's the only thing I care about? Question 1.2: What schema could I use for month to month statistics if I were to change the date start and end textfields to start month/year and end month/year dropdowns?

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  • Python vs Groovy vs Ruby? (based on criteria listed in question)

    - by Prembo
    Considering the criteria listed below, which of Python, Groovy or Ruby would you use? Criteria (Importance out of 10, 10 being most important) Richness of API/libraries available (eg. maths, plotting, networking) (9) Ability to embed in desktop (java/c++) applications (8) Ease of deployment (8) Ability to interface with DLLs/Shared Libraries (7) Ability to generate GUIs (7) Community/User support (6) Portability (6) Database manipulation (3) Language/Semantics (2)

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  • SQL grouping query question; evaluating a group of rows based on the value of one field.

    - by user324575
    I've got table vendorparts that lists all my parts and their vendor(s). Parts with multiple vendors have multiple records in this table. I'm trying to write a query that only returns the partid, and vendor of parts that do not have a default vendor assigned. Partid Vendor Defaultflag 1 A 1 2 B 0 2 C 0 3 D 0 3 E 0 3 F 1 4 G 0 I would like to return the following: Partid Vendor 2 A 2 B 4 G I'm obviously having issues with partid 3 and getting the query to see it as having a default vendor assigned.

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  • What is this C function supposed to do based on description?

    - by user1261445
    unsigned int hex_c0c0c0c0(): Allowed operators: + - = & | ~ << ! >> Allowed constants: 1 2 4 8 16 Return 0xc0c0c0c0 The above is the description I have been given and I have to write the code for it. Can someone tell me what exactly the function is supposed to do? All the description says is what I have pasted above, so I'm not sure what my goal is. I'm sure it is an easy enough function to program on my own, but it would help if someone could tell me what the function is supposed to do, and maybe provide sample input/output so that I know my code is working correctly once I program this. Thanks.

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  • How to break an object into chunks based on some property?

    - by CurlyFro
    public class InvestorMailing { public string To { get; set; } public IEnumerable<string> Attachments { get; set; } public int AttachmentCount { get; set; } public long AttachmentSize { get; set; } } i have an IList<InvestorMailing> mailingList. if the attachment size is greater than x, then i need to split my object into chunks. is there an easy linq-y way to do this? Edited: this is how i'm generating my mailings: var groupedMailings = mailingList.GroupBy(g => g.GroupBy); var investorMailings = groupedMailings.Select( g => new DistinctInvestorMailing { Id = g.Select(x => x.Id).FirstOrDefault(), To = g.Key.Trim(), From = g.Select(x => x.From).FirstOrDefault(), FromName = g.Select(x => x.FromName).FirstOrDefault(), Bcc = g.Select(x => x.Bcc).FirstOrDefault(), DeliveryCode = g.Select(x => x.DeliveryCode).FirstOrDefault(), Subject = g.Select(x => x.Subject).FirstOrDefault(), Body = g.Select(x => x.Body).FirstOrDefault(), CommentsOnStatus = g.Select(x => x.CommentsOnStatus).FirstOrDefault(), Attachments = g.Select(x => x.AttachmentPath), AttachmentCount = g.Select(x => x.AttachmentPath).Count(), AttachmentSize = g.Sum(x => x.AttachmentSize), MailType = g.Select(x => x.MessageType).FirstOrDefault() } ).ToList();

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  • How can I create dynamically updated views in a tab bar view, based on settings selection?

    - by Diggers
    Hi all, Noob question.... I've created a Tab Bar application. It has four tabs and works fine. Each view is created with a XIB and is effectively static. Each view takes user input and responds on screen. What I need to be able to do is change the input options the user have - in effect remove some UITextFields dependant upon which option the user selects in settings. I've created root.plist and created settings no problem i've also created additional XIBS for the altered UI, but what I don't know how to do, is call these into the tab view controller on demand. Effectively tab one has 3 possible views, tab two 3 possible views etc. But I only want the one that's relevant for the users settings selction to be displayed? Make sense? For reference, if we call the different views - UIInputViewA1, ...A2,....A3 UIInputViewB1,....B2....B3 etc. Hope someone can help, been trawling the net for nights trying to get my head round this. Beggining iPhone Development Bible doesn't help either. If you need any more info, please shout. Cheers Paul.

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  • How to set AssemblyInfo.cs based on the tfs project build number?

    - by Ahok Rudraraju
    The project is hosted on a tfs server and I need to access the build number which I assume is automatically generated when ever you build a project. I need to retrieve that build number and display it on the web pages so that QAs and testing people know exactly which build they are working on. I found how to create customize build numbers in the following link: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa395241(v=vs.100).aspx but it dose not solve my problem as I do not have access to the build definition file. I am looking for some kind of post deployment task which can access the build number or may be generate one and probably write it down to a file, from where I can read it. I don't know if that makes any sense as this is my first time working on .Net

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  • Page specific CSS or a single css file when developing a mobile (webkit) based site?

    - by Mike
    I am working on a mobile site for webkit browsers. I have been trying to find information on using multiple style sheets versus a single css file. There is a lot of information on this topic, but it not a lot of information pertaining to mobile browsers. My site will have a bunch of pages that while have page specific css. For a non-mobile site, it seems like generally people say that a single file will be faster, but that multiple files are easier to develop. However, on a mobile site is that still the case? If you put everything in one file, that will get cached after load, but that will make the first load slower. If you had page specific files, the first page would get loaded quicker, but every other page would then take a hit while making the page specific css http request. Does anyone have any thoughts on this? It sounds like they are saying one file is better as long as its under 1 MB (which my files def will)? http://www.yuiblog.com/blog/2010/07/12/mobile-browser-cache-limits-revisited/

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  • Neural network for aproximation function for board game

    - by Pax0r
    I am trying to make a neural network for aproximation of some unkown function (for my neural network course). The problem is that this function has very many variables but many of them are not important (for example in [f(x,y,z) = x+y] z is not important). How could I design (and learn) network for this kind of problem? To be more specific the function is an evaluation function for some board game with unkown rules and I need to somehow learn this rules by experience of the agent. After each move the score is given to the agent so actually it needs to find how to get max score. I tried to pass the neighborhood of the agent to the network but there are too many variables which are not important for the score and agent is finding very local solutions.

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  • Pros & Cons of separating the controllers using subfolders on an ruby on rails app based?

    - by user293179
    Hi, Need some help gathering thoughts on this issue. Our team is moving ahead with the idea that separating the authenticated and public sections of our app in two separate folders will allow us to be more organized and secured. I have seen this approach for Admin apps within the site but never for authentication. We are currently using Authlogic. What would be the disadvantage of this? Thanks for your help.

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  • SQL Reporting Services 2005 - Date field based on a user entered date?

    - by Pierce
    Hi, I have a report in report services 2005 that has two date fields. The problem is that if users run this for a large section of time it uses too much resources on our server. It is possible to only allow the end user to enter the start date and then the end date be auto populated/derived from this field (for example they enter the 1st of a month and this automatically change the end date to the last of a month.)

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  • Inheritance issue

    - by VenkateshGudipati
    hi Friends i am facing a issue in Inheritance i have a interface called Irewhizz interface irewhzz { void object save(object obj); void object getdata(object obj); } i write definition in different class like public user:irewhzz { public object save(object obj); { ....... } public object getdata(object obj); { ....... } } this is antoher class public client:irewhzz { public object save(object obj); { ....... } public object getdata(object obj); { ....... } } now i have different classes like public partial class RwUser { #region variables IRewhizzDataHelper irewhizz; IRewhizzRelationDataHelper irewhizzrelation; private string _firstName; private string _lastName; private string _middleName; private string _email; private string _website; private int _addressId; private string _city; private string _zipcode; private string _phone; private string _fax; //private string _location; private string _aboutMe; private string _username; private string _password; private string _securityQuestion; private string _securityQAnswer; private Guid _user_Id; private long _rwuserid; private byte[] _image; private bool _changepassword; private string _mobilephone; private int _role; #endregion //IRewhizz is the interface and its functions are implimented by UserDataHelper class //RwUser Class is inheriting the UserDataHelper Properties and functions. //Here UserDataHelper functions are called with Irewhizz Interface Object but not with the //UserDataHelper class Object It will resolves the unit testing conflict. #region Constructors public RwUser() : this(new UserDataHelper(), new RewhizzRelationalDataHelper()) { } public RwUser(IRewhizzDataHelper repositary, IRewhizzRelationDataHelper relationrepositary) { irewhizz = repositary; irewhizzrelation = relationrepositary; } #endregion #region Properties public int Role { get { return _role; } set { _role = value; } } public string MobilePhone { get { return _mobilephone; } set { _mobilephone = value; } } public bool ChangePassword { get { return _changepassword; } set { _changepassword = value; } } public byte[] Image { get { return _image; } set { _image = value; } } public string FirstName { get { return _firstName; } set { _firstName = value; } } public string LastName { get { return _lastName; } set { _lastName = value; } } public string MiddleName { get { return _middleName; } set { _middleName = value; } } public string Email { get { return _email; } set { _email = value; } } public string Website { get { return _website; } set { _website = value; } } public int AddressId { get { return _addressId; } set { _addressId = value; } } public string City { get { return _city; } set { _city = value; } } public string Zipcode { get { return _zipcode; } set { _zipcode = value; } } public string Phone { get { return _phone; } set { _phone = value; } } public string Fax { get { return _fax; } set { _fax = value; } } //public string Location //{ // get // { // return _location; // } // set // { // _location = value; // } //} public string AboutMe { get { return _aboutMe; } set { _aboutMe = value; } } public string username { get { return _username; } set { _username = value; } } public string password { get { return _password; } set { _password = value; } } public string SecurityQuestion { get { return _securityQuestion; } set { _securityQuestion = value; } } public string SecurityQAnswer { get { return _securityQAnswer; } set { _securityQAnswer = value; } } public Guid UserID { get { return _user_Id; } set { _user_Id = value; } } public long RwUserID { get { return _rwuserid; } set { _rwuserid = value; } } #endregion #region MemberFunctions // DataHelperDataContext db = new DataHelperDataContext(); // RewhizzDataHelper rwdh=new RewhizzDataHelper(); //It saves user information entered by user and returns the id of that user public object saveUserInfo(RwUser userObj) { userObj.UserID = irewhizzrelation.GetUserId(username); var res = irewhizz.saveData(userObj); return res; } //It returns the security questions for user registration } public class Agent : RwUser { IRewhizzDataHelper irewhizz; IRewhizzRelationDataHelper irewhizzrelation; private int _roleid; private int _speclisationid; private int[] _language; private string _brokaragecompany; private int _loctionType_lk; private string _rolename; private int[] _specialization; private string _agentID; private string _expDate; private string _regstates; private string _selLangs; private string _selSpels; private string _locations; public string Locations { get { return _locations; } set { _locations = value; } } public string SelectedLanguages { get { return _selLangs; } set { _selLangs = value; } } public string SelectedSpecialization { get { return _selSpels; } set { _selSpels = value; } } public string RegisteredStates { get { return _regstates; } set { _regstates = value; } } //private string _registeredStates; public string AgentID { get { return _agentID; } set { _agentID = value; } } public string ExpDate { get { return _expDate; } set { _expDate = value; } } private int[] _registeredStates; public SelectList RegisterStates { set; get; } public SelectList Languages { set; get; } public SelectList Specializations { set; get; } public int[] RegisterdStates { get { return _registeredStates; } set { _registeredStates = value; } } //public string RegisterdStates //{ // get // { // return _registeredStates; // } // set // { // _registeredStates = value; // } //} public int RoleId { get { return _roleid; } set { _roleid = value; } } public int SpeclisationId { get { return _speclisationid; } set { _speclisationid = value; } } public int[] Language { get { return _language; } set { _language = value; } } public int LocationTypeId { get { return _loctionType_lk; } set { _loctionType_lk = value; } } public string BrokarageCompany { get { return _brokaragecompany; } set { _brokaragecompany = value; } } public string Rolename { get { return _rolename; } set { _rolename = value; } } public int[] Specialization { get { return _specialization; } set { _specialization = value; } } public Agent() : this(new AgentDataHelper(), new RewhizzRelationalDataHelper()) { } public Agent(IRewhizzDataHelper repositary, IRewhizzRelationDataHelper relationrepositary) { irewhizz = repositary; irewhizzrelation = relationrepositary; } public void inviteclient() { //Code related to mailing } //DataHelperDataContext dataObj = new DataHelperDataContext(); //#region IRewhizzFactory Members //public List<object> getAgentInfo(string username) //{ // var res=dataObj.GetCompleteUserDetails(username); // return res.ToList(); // throw new NotImplementedException(); //} //public List<object> GetRegisterAgentData(string username) //{ // var res= dataObj.RegisteredUserdetails(username); // return res.ToList(); //} //public void saveAgentInfo(string username, string password, string firstname, string lastname, string middlename, string securityquestion, string securityQanswer) //{ // User userobj=new User(); // var result = dataObj.rw_Users_InsertUserInfo(firstname, middlename, lastname, dataObj.GetUserId(username), securityquestion, securityquestionanswer); // throw new NotImplementedException(); //} //#endregion public Agent updateData(Agent objectId) { objectId.UserID = irewhizzrelation.GetUserId(objectId.username); objectId = (Agent)irewhizz.updateData(objectId); return objectId; } public Agent GetAgentData(Agent agentodj) { agentodj.UserID = irewhizzrelation.GetUserId(agentodj.username); agentodj = (Agent)irewhizz.getData(agentodj); if (agentodj.RoleId != 0) agentodj.Rolename = (string)(string)irewhizzrelation.getValue(agentodj.RoleId); if (agentodj.RegisterdStates.Count() != 0) { List<SelectListItem> list = new List<SelectListItem>(); string regstates = ""; foreach (int i in agentodj.RegisterdStates) { SelectListItem listitem = new SelectListItem(); listitem.Value = i.ToString(); listitem.Text = (string)irewhizzrelation.getValue(i); list.Add(listitem); regstates += (string)irewhizzrelation.getValue(i) + ","; } SelectList selectlist = new SelectList(list, "Value", "Text"); agentodj.RegisterStates = selectlist; if(regstates!=null) agentodj.RegisteredStates = regstates.Remove(regstates.Length - 1); } if (agentodj.Language.Count() != 0) { List<SelectListItem> list = new List<SelectListItem>(); string selectedlang = ""; foreach (int i in agentodj.Language) { SelectListItem listitem = new SelectListItem(); listitem.Value = i.ToString(); listitem.Text = (string)irewhizzrelation.getValue(i); list.Add(listitem); selectedlang += (string)irewhizzrelation.getValue(i) + ","; } SelectList selectlist = new SelectList(list, "Value", "Text"); agentodj.Languages = selectlist; // agentodj.SelectedLanguages = selectedlang; } if (agentodj.Specialization.Count() != 0) { List<SelectListItem> list = new List<SelectListItem>(); string selectedspel = ""; foreach (int i in agentodj.Specialization) { SelectListItem listitem = new SelectListItem(); listitem.Value = i.ToString(); listitem.Text = (string)irewhizzrelation.getValue(i); list.Add(listitem); selectedspel += (string)irewhizzrelation.getValue(i) + ","; } SelectList selectlist = new SelectList(list, "Value", "Text"); agentodj.Specializations = selectlist; //agentodj.SelectedSpecialization = selectedspel; } return agentodj; } public void SaveImage(byte[] pic, String username) { irewhizzrelation.SaveImage(pic, username); } } now the issue is when ever i am calling agent class it is given error like null reference exception for rwuser class can any body give the solution thanks in advance

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  • How to select data in JSON based on other JSON data? Javascript

    - by user1699030
    Is it possible to select certain data in a JSON Object using other data in the same JSON Object. Similar to MySQL. For example: myObj = {"elements" : [ { "name" : "Hydrogen", "symbol" : "H" }, { "name" : "Silver", "symbol" : "Ag" }]}; I want to select "Hydrogen" where the symbol is "H". Instead of having to put in something like this: document.getElementByID("TEST").innerHTML = myObj.elements[0].name; Thank you in advance.

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  • How do I select a class element based on its id in jQuery?

    - by Michael
    I have multiple dynamically generated buttons with a class name of ".button". Each of these are given an unknown ID value used to uniquely identify them. In jQuery I must select one and alert the values. <div class="button" id="3"></div> The ID value is dynamically generated, therefore I do not know it. I'm new to jQuery but am basically looking for something like this: $(".button").attr("id").val(); How do I target one button when there are many? Thanks!

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  • How do I create new variables based on the size of a List?

    - by GK
    I have a List with say size n, and i have to dynamically create n variables ie i want to dynamically create the variables depending upon the size of the list. How can i achieve this? Say i have List as List year with n elements in it; then i have to create the n Integer variables from the above list. thanks.

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  • Can we overload a function based on only whether a parameter is a value or a reference?

    - by skydoor
    I got the answer NO! Because passing by value and passing by reference looks identical to the caller. However, the code below compiles right class A { public: void f(int i) {} void f(int& i) {} }; But when I try to use it, there is compile error. int main () { A a; int i = 9; int& j = i; a.f(1); a.f(i); a.f(j); return 0; } Why does not the compiler disable it even without knowing it is going to be used?

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  • Using Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center to Update Solaris via Live Upgrade

    - by LeonShaner
    Introduction: This Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center blog entry provides tips for using Ops Center to update Solaris using Live Upgrade on Solaris 10 and Boot Environments on Solaris 11. Why use Live Upgrade? Live Upgrade (LU) can significantly reduce downtime associated with patching Live Upgrade avoids dropping to single-user mode for long periods of time during patching Live Upgrade relies on an Alternate Boot Environment (ABE)/(BE), which is patched while in multi-user mode; thereby allowing normal system operations to continue with the active BE, while the alternate BE is being patched Activating an newly patched (A)BE is essentially a reboot; therefore the downtime is ~= reboot Admins can easily revert to the prior Boot Environment (BE) as a safeguard / fallback. Why use Ops Center to patch via Live Upgrade, Alternate Boot Environments, and Solaris 11 equivalents? All the benefits of Ops Center's extensive patch and package knowledge base can be leveraged on top of Live Upgrade Ops Center can orchestrate patching based on Live Upgrade and Solaris 11 features, which all works together to minimize downtime Ops Centers advanced inventory and reporting features assurance that each OS is updated to a verifiable, consistent standard, rather than relying on ad-hoc (error prone) procedures and scripts Ops Center gives admins control over the boot environment specifications or they can let Ops Center decide when a BE is necessary, thereby reducing complexity and lowering the opportunity for user error Preparing to use Live Upgrade-like features in Solaris 11 Requirements and information you should know: Global Zone Root file-systems must be separate from Solaris Container / Zone filesystems Solaris 11 has features which are similar in concept to Live Upgrade on Solaris 10, but differ greatly in implementationImportant distinctions: Solaris 11 assumes ZFS root Solaris 11 adds Boot Environments (BE's) as an integrated feature (see beadm) Solaris 11 BE's avoid single-user patching (vs. Solaris 10 w/ ZFS snapshot=ABE). Solaris 11 Image Packaging System (IPS) has hooks for BE creation, as needed Solaris 11 allows pkgs to be installed + upgraded in alternate BE (e.g. instead of the live system) but it is controlled on a per-pkg basis Boot Environments are activated across a reboot; instead of spending long periods installing + upgrading packages in single user mode. Fallback to a prior BE is a function of the BE infrastructure (a la beadm). (Generally) Reboot + BE activation can be much much faster on Solaris 11 Preparing to use Live Upgrade on Solaris 10 Requirements and information you should know: Global Zone Root file-systems must be separate from Solaris Container / Zone filesystems Live Upgrade Pre-requisite patches must be applied before the first Live Upgrade Alternate Boot Environments are created (see "Pre-requisite Patches" section, below...) Solaris 10 Update 6 or newer on ZFS root is the practical starting point for Live Upgrade Live Upgrade with ZFS root is far more straight-forward than any scheme based on Alternative Boot Environments in slices or temporarily breaking mirrors Use Solaris best practices to upgrade the OS to at least Solaris 10 Update 4 (outside of Ops Center) UFS root can (technically) be used, but it is significantly more involved (e.g. discouraged) -- there are many reasons to move to ZFS while going through the process to update to Solaris 10 Update 6 or newer (out side of Ops Center) Recommendation: Start with Solaris 10 Update 6 or newer on ZFS root Recommendation: Start with Ops Center 12c or newer Ops Center 12c can automatically create your ABE's for you, without the need for custom scripts Ops Center 12c Update 2 avoids kernel panic on unpatched Solaris 10 update 9 (and older) -- unrelated to Live Upgrade, but more on the issue, below. NOTE: There is no magic!  If you have systems running Solaris 10 Update 5 or older on UFS root, and you don't know how to get them updated to Solaris 10 on ZFS root, then there are services available from Oracle Advanced Customer Support (ACS), which specialize in this area. Live Upgrade Pre-requisite Patches (Solaris 10) Certain Live Upgrade related patches must be present before the first Live Upgrade ABE's are created on Solaris 10.Use the following MOS Search String to find the “living document” that outlines the required patch minimums, which are necessary before using any Live Upgrade features: Solaris Live Upgrade Software Patch Requirements(Click above – the link is valid as of this writing, but search in MOS for the same "Solaris Live Upgrade Software Patch Requirements" string if necessary) It is a very good idea to check the document periodically and adapt to its contents, accordingly.IMPORTANT:  In case it wasn't clear in the above document, some direct patching of the active OS, including a reboot, may be required before Live Upgrade can be successfully used the first time.HINT: You can use Ops Center to determine what to expect for a given system, and to schedule the “pre-patching” during a maintenance window if necessary. Preparing to use Ops Center Discover + Manage (Install + Configure the Ops Center agent in) each Global Zone Recommendation:  Begin by using OCDoctor --agent-prereq to determine whether OS meets OC prerequisites (resolve any issues) See prior requirements and recommendations w.r.t. starting with Solaris 10 Update 6 or newer on ZFS (or at least Solaris 10 Update 4 on UFS, with caveats) WARNING: Systems running unpatched Solaris 10 update 9 (or older) should run the Ops Center 12c Update 2 agent to avoid a potential kernel panic The 12c Update 2 agent will check patch minimums and disable certain process accounting features if the kernel is not sufficiently patched to avoid the panic SPARC: 142900-05 Obsoleted by: 142900-06 SunOS 5.10: kernel patch 10 Oracle Solaris on SPARC (32-bit) X64: 142901-05 Obsoleted by: 142901-06 SunOS 5.10_x86: kernel patch 10 Oracle Solaris on x86 (32-bit) OR SPARC: 142909-17 SunOS 5.10: kernel patch 10 Oracle Solaris on SPARC (32-bit) X64: 142910-17 SunOS 5.10_x86: kernel patch 10 Oracle Solaris on x86 (32-bit) Ops Center 12c (initial release) and 12c Update 1 agent can also be safely used with a workaround (to be performed BEFORE installing the agent): # mkdir -p /etc/opt/sun/oc # echo "zstat_exacct_allowed=false" > /etc/opt/sun/oc/zstat.conf # chmod 755 /etc/opt/sun /etc/opt/sun/oc # chmod 644 /etc/opt/sun/oc/zstat.conf # chown -Rh root:sys /etc/opt/sun/oc NOTE: Remove the above after patching the OS sufficiently, or after upgrading to the 12c Update 2 agent Using Ops Center to apply Live Upgrade-related Pre-Patches (Solaris 10)Overview: Create an OS Update Profile containing the minimum LU-related pre-patches, based on the Solaris Live Upgrade Software Patch Requirements, previously mentioned. SIMULATE the deployment of the LU-related pre-patches Observe whether any of the LU-related pre-patches will require a reboot The job details for each Global Zone will advise whether a reboot step will be required ACTUALLY deploy the LU-related pre-patches, according to your change control process (e.g. if no reboot, maybe okay to do now; vs. must do later because of the reboot). You can schedule the job to occur later, during a maintenance window Check the job status for each node, resolving any issues found Once the LU-related pre-patches are applied, you can Ops Center to patch using Live Upgrade on Solaris 10 Using Ops Center to patch Solaris 10 with LU/ABE's -- the GOODS!(this is the heart of the tip): Create an OS Update Profile containing the patches that make up your standard build Use Solaris Baselines when possible Add other individual patches as needed ACTUALLY deploy the OS Update Profile Specify the appropriate Live Upgrade options, e.g. Synchronize the active BE to the alternate BE before patching Do not activate the BE after patching Check the job status for each node, resolving any issues found Activate the newly patched BE according to your change control process Activate = Reboot to the ABE, making the ABE the new active BE Ops Center does not separate LU activate from reboot, so expect a reboot! Check the job status for each node, resolving any issues found Examples (w/Screenshots) Solaris 10 and Live Upgrade: Auto-Create the Alternate Boot Environment (ZFS root only) ABE to be created on ZFS with name S10_12_07REC (Example) Uses built in feature to call “lucreate -n S10_12_07REC” behind scenes if not already present NOTE: Leave “lucreate” params blank (if you do specify options, the will be appended after -n $ABEName) Solaris 10 and Live Upgrade: Alternate Boot Environment Creation via Operational Profile (script) The Alternate Boot Environment is to be created via custom, user-supplied script, which does whatever is needed for the system where Live Upgrade will be used. Operational Profile, which provides the script to create an ABE: Very similar to the automatic case, but with a Script (Operational Profile), which is used to create the ABE Relies on user-supplied script in the form of an Operational Profile Could be used to prepare an ABE based on a UFS root in a slice, or on a separate device (e.g. by breaking a mirror first) – it is up to the script author to do the right thing! EXAMPLE: Same result as the ZFS case, but illustrating the Operational Profile (e.g. script) approach to call: # lucreate -n S10_1207REC NOTE: OC special variable is $ABEName Boot Environment Profile, which references the Operational Profile Script = Operational Profile on this screen Refers to Operational Profile shown in the previous section The user-supplied S10_Create_BE Operational Profile will be run The Operational Profile must send a non-zero exit code if there is a problem (so that the OS Update job will not proceed) Solaris 10 OS Update Profile (to provide the actual patch specifications) Solaris 10 Baseline “Recommended” chosen for “Install” Solaris 10 OS Update Plan (two-steps in this case) “Create a Boot Environment” + “Update OS” are chosen. Using Ops Center to patch Solaris 11 with Boot Environments (as needed) Create a Solaris 11 OS Update Profile containing the packages that make up your standard build ACTUALLY deploy the Solaris 11 OS Update Profile BE will be created if needed (or you can stipulate no BE) BE name will be auto-generated (if needed), or you may specify a BE name Check the job status for each node, resolving any issues found Check if a BE was created; if so, activate the new BE Activate = Reboot to the BE, making the new BE the active BE Ops Center does not separate BE activate from reboot NOTE: Not every Solaris 11 OS Update will require a new BE, so a reboot may not be necessary. Solaris 11: Auto BE Create (as Needed -- let Ops Center decide) BE to be created as needed BE to be named automatically Reboot (if necessary) deferred to separate step Solaris 11: OS Profile Solaris 11 “entire” chosen for a particular SRU Solaris 11: OS Update Plan (w/BE)  “Create a Boot Environment” + “Update OS” are chosen. Summary: Solaris 10 Live Upgrade, Alternate Boot Environments, and their equivalents on Solaris 11 can be very powerful tools to help minimize the downtime associated with updating your servers.  For very old Solaris, there are some important prerequisites to adhere to, but once the initial preparation is complete, Live Upgrade can be used going forward.  For Solaris 11, the built-in Boot Environment handling is leveraged directly by the Image Packaging System, and the result is a much more straight forward way to patch, and far fewer prerequisites to satisfy in getting there.  Ops Center simplifies using either approach, and helps you improve consistency from system to system, which ultimately helps you improve the overall up-time across all the Solaris systems in your environment. Please let us know what you think?  Until next time...\Leon-- Leon Shaner | Senior IT/Product ArchitectSystems Management | Ops Center Engineering @ Oracle The views expressed on this [blog; Web site] are my own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Oracle. For more information, please go to Oracle Enterprise Manager  web page or  follow us at :  Twitter | Facebook | YouTube | Linkedin | Newsletter

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