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  • Should I use DTOs as my data models in MVVM?

    - by JonC
    I'm currently working on what will be my first real foray into using MVVM and have been reading various articles on how best to implement it. My current thoughts are to use my data models effectively as data transfer objects, make them serializable and have them exist on both the client and server sides. It seems like a logical step given that both object types are really just collections of property getters and setters and another layer in between seems like complete overkill. Obviously there would be issues with INotifyPropertyChanged not working correctly on the server side as there is no ViewModel to which to communicate, but as long as we are careful about constructing our proper domain model objects from data models in the service layer and not dealing the the data models on the server side I don't think it should be a big issue. I haven't found too much info about this approach in my reading, so I would like to know if this is a pretty standard thing, is this just assumed to be the de facto way of doing MVVM in a multi-tier environment? If I've got completely the wrong idea about things then thoughts on other approaches would be appreciated too.

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  • What is the best way to interoperably serialize a message?

    - by iwein
    I'm considering message serialization support for spring-integration. This would be useful for various wire level transports to implement guaranteed delivery, but also to allow interoperability with other messaging systems (e.g. through AMQP). The fundamental problem that arises is that a message containing Java object in it's payload and headers should be converted to a byte[] and/or written to a stream. Java's own serialization is clearly not going to cut it because that is not interoperable. My preference would be to create an interface that allows the user to implement the needed logic for all Objects that take part in serialization. Is this a sensible idea and what would the interface look like? Is there a standard interoperable way to serialize Objects that would make sense in this context?

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  • django m2m how can i get m2m table elements in a view

    - by dana
    i have a model using m2m feature: class Classroom(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name = 'classroom_creator') classname = models.CharField(max_length=140, unique = True) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) open_class = models.BooleanField(default=True) members = models.ManyToManyField(User,related_name="list of invited members", through = 'Membership') and i want to take all members of one class in a view and display them using the template system. In the view, i'm trying to take all the members from a classroom like that: def inside_classroom(request,classname): try: theclass = Classroom.objects.get(classname = classname) members = Members.objects.all() etc but it doesn't work,(though the db_table is named Classroom_Members) i guess i have to use another query for getting all the members from the classroom classname. also, i want to verify if the request.user is a member using (if request.user in members) how can i het those members? Thanks in advance!

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  • FileInputStream for a generic file System

    - by Akhil
    I have a file that contains java serialized objects like "Vector". I have stored this file over Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS). Now I intend to read this file (using method readObject) in one of the map task. I suppose FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("hdfs/path/to/file"); wont' work as the file is stored over HDFS. So I thought of using org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem class. But Unfortunately it does not have any method that returns FileInputStream. All it has is a method that returns FSDataInputStream but I want a inputstream that can read serialized java objects like vector from a file rather than just primitive data types that FSDataInputStream would do. Please help!

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  • how to wrap a function that only takes individual elements to make it take a list

    - by stevejb
    Hello, Say I have a function handed to me that I cannot change and must use as is. This function takes several objects in the form of oldFunction( object1, object2, object3, ...) where ... are other arguments. I want to write a wrapper to take a list of objects. My idea was this. sjb.ListWrapper <- function(myList,...) { lLen <- length(myList) myStr <- "" for( i in 1:lLen) { myStr <- paste(myStr, "myList[[", i , "]],",sep="") } myCode <- paste("oldFunction(", myStr, "...)") eval({myCode}) } However, the issue is that I want to use this from Sweave and I need the output of oldFunction to be printed. What is the right way to do this? Thanks.

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  • How to find full module path of a class to import in other file

    - by Pooya
    I have method that returns module path of given class name def findModulePath(path, className): attributes = [] for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path): for source in (s for s in files if s.endswith(".py")): name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(source))[0] full_name = os.path.splitext(source)[0].replace(os.path.sep, '.') m = imp.load_module(full_name, *imp.find_module(name, [root])) try: attr = getattr(m, className) attributes.append(attr) except: pass if len(attributes) <= 0: raise Exception, "Class %s not found" % className for element in attributes: print "%s.%s" % (element.__module__, className) but it does not return the full path of the module, For example I have a python file named "objectmodel" in objects package,and it contains a Model class, So I call findModulePath(MyProjectPath,"Model"). it prints objectmodel.Model but I need objects.objectmodel.Model

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  • Track/Display Array Index As Part Of Cout (C++)

    - by John Smith
    Hi, I have a command line C++ program that lets you enter basic information about a person (ID number, name, age, etc.) and I want to output to a console in the following manner: ------------------------------------------------------------------- Index ID # First Name Last Name Age ------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1234 John Smith 25 The person objects are stored in an array of Persons and I've overload the ostream (<<) operator to print out all of the fields like you see. The dashed lines and header come from a displayHdg() function. Anyhow, I have not been able to figure out how to get the proper index value for the array. Ideally, I'd like to generate the indices for each line, but all my attempts have failed. The array is looped through and each object printed in the main() function, and the ostream is overloaded in a person class, so I tried to use global variables as well as static variables, and all of those produce incorrect numbering (i.e. show 0, 1 the first time (for 2 objects), then change to 1, 2 on the next display). Any ideas?

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  • ACCESS 2003 Excel 2003 : VBA for opening Excel file from Access and copying a pictre from excel the

    - by Justin
    So I have an excel workbook that has a nice global map of shaperange objects. With some very simple code I can change the colors, group and ungroup collections of countries into arrays, etc...and it works pretty well. However, I would like to bring this into Access. So I could copy and paste all the shapes into an access form manually, but then they become pictures and I cannot change the colors of the countries (shaperange objects) to have the map act interactively as I can in excel. So I am thinking that I know how to use excel functions from access, and how to open excel from access. Is there a way to copy an object from excel (I know the file name and the shape name that i mean to copy everytime), and bringing it back to access to paste on a form? Atypical, I know, all my Access questions are. Thanks!

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  • what is a performance way to 'tree-walking' through my Entity Framework data

    - by Greg
    Hi, I have a Entity Framework design with a few tables that define a "graph". So there can be a large chain of relationships between objects in the few tables via concept of parent/child relationships. What is a performance way to 'tree-walking' through my Entity Framework data? That is I assume I wouldn't want to load the full set of all NODES and RELATIONSHIPS from the database for the purpose of walking the tree, where the end result may only be identifying leaf nodes? Or would this be OK with the way lazy loading may work at the column/parameter level? Else how could I load just the skeleton of the objects and then when needing to refer to any attributes have them lazy load then?

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  • More strict query yields more results?

    - by Mark
    I've got a query that looks like this affiliates = User.objects.annotate(referral_count=Count('referrals')).filter(referral_count__gt=0) But when I restrict it more by adding referrals__user__date_joined__gt=start_date to the filter, I get even higher referral counts. I'm trying to count the number of people a user has referred within a time period. The relevant model looks like this: class Profile(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True, related_name='profile') referred_by = models.ForeignKey(User, null=True, blank=True, related_name='referrals') In contrast, when I try it like this: affiliates = User.objects \ .exclude(referrals__user__date_joined__lte=sd, referrals__user__date_joined__gt=ed) \ .annotate(referral_count=Count('referrals')) \ .filter(referral_count__gt=0) The exclude statement seems to do nothing... the counts don't change (should be 0 if no referred users have joined within that time period, but it isn't).

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  • what is this 'map' mean..in django

    - by zjm1126
    this is the code: def create(request, form_class=MapForm, template_name="maps/create.html"): map_form = form_class(request.POST or None) if map_form.is_valid(): map = map_form.save(commit=False) and the map_form is : class MapForm(forms.ModelForm): slug = forms.SlugField(max_length=20, help_text = _("a short version of the name consisting only of letters, numbers, underscores and hyphens."), #error_message = _("This value must contain only letters, numbers, underscores and hyphens.")) ) def clean_slug(self): if Map.objects.filter(slug__iexact=self.cleaned_data["slug"]).count() > 0: raise forms.ValidationError(_("A Map already exists with that slug.")) return self.cleaned_data["slug"].lower() def clean_name(self): if Map.objects.filter(name__iexact=self.cleaned_data["name"]).count() > 0: raise forms.ValidationError(_("A Map already exists with that name.")) return self.cleaned_data["name"] class Meta: model = Map fields = ('name', 'slug', 'description')

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  • Ruby efficient way of building an array from an array of arrays

    - by randombits
    I have an array of ActiveRecord objects, each one which has its own respective errors array. I want to flatten it all out and get only the unique values into one array. So the top level array might look like: foo0 = Foo.new foo1 = Foo.new foo2 = Foo.new foo3 = Foo.new arr = [foo0, foo1, foo2, foo3] Each one of those objects could potentially have an array of errors, and I'd like to get just the unique message out of them and put them in another array, say called error_arr. How would you do it the "Ruby" way?

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  • How does Hibernate detect dirty state of an entity object?

    - by ???'Lenik
    Is it using some kind of byte codes modification to the original classes? Or, maybe Hibernate get the dirty state by compare the given object with previously persisted version? I'm having a problem with hashCode() and equals() methods for complicated objects. I feel it would be very slow to compute hash code if the object has collection members, and cyclic references are also a problem. If Hibernate won't use hashCode()/equals() to check the dirty state, I guess I should not use equals()/hashCode() for the entity object (not value object), but I'm also afraid if the same operator (==) is not enough. So, the questions are: How does Hibernate know if a property of an object is changed? Do you suggest to override the hashCode()/equals() methods for complicated objects? What if they contains cyclic references? And, also, Would hashCode()/equals() with only the id field be enough?

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  • How to analyse contents of binary serialization stream?

    - by Tao
    I'm using binary serialization (BinaryFormatter) as a temporary mechanism to store state information in a file for a relatively complex (game) object structure; the files are coming out much larger than I expect, and my data structure includes recursive references - so I'm wondering whether the BinaryFormatter is actually storing multiple copies of the same objects, or whether my basic "number of objects and values I should have" arithmentic is way off-base, or where else the excessive size is coming from. Searching on stack overflow I was able to find the specification for Microsoft's binary remoting format: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc236844(PROT.10).aspx What I can't find is any existing viewer that enables you to "peek" into the contents of a binaryformatter output file - get object counts and total bytes for different object types in the file, etc; I feel like this must be my "google-fu" failing me (what little I have) - can anyone help? This must have been done before, right??

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  • What explains the term orthogonal in a more non-nerd fashion?

    - by dontWatchMyProfile
    For example: Cardinality and optionality are orthogonal properties of a relationship. You can specify that a relationship is optional, even if you have specified upper and/or lower bounds. This means that there do not have to be any objects at the destination, but if there are then the number of objects must lie within the bounds specified. What exactly does "orthogonal" mean? I bet it's just a fancy soundig nerd-style word for something that could be expressed a lot easier to understand for average people ;) From wikipedia: In mathematics, two vectors are orthogonal if they are perpendicular, i.e., they form a right angle. The word comes from the Greek ????? (orthos), meaning "straight", and ????a (gonia), meaning "angle". Anyone?

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  • Python: Repeat elements in a list comprehension?

    - by User
    I have the following list comprehension which returns a list of coordinate objects for each location. coordinate_list = [Coordinates(location.latitude, location.longitude) for location in locations] This works. Now suppose the location object has a number_of_times member. I want a list comprehension to generate n Coordinate objects where n is the number_of_times for the particular location. So if a location has number_of_times = 5 then the coordinates for that location will be repeated 5 times in the list. (Maybe this is a case for a for-loop but I'm curious if it can be done via list comprehensions)

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  • How to keep historic details of modification in a database (Audit trail)?

    - by mada
    I'm a J2EE developer & we are using hibernate mapping with a PostgreSQL database. We have to keep track of any changes occurs in the database, in others words all previous & current values of any field should be saved. Each field can be any type (bytea, int, char...) With a simple table it is easy but we a graph of objects things are more difficult. So we have, speaking in a UML point of view, a graph of objects to store in the database with every changes & the user. Any idea or pattern how to do that?

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  • Using Core Data Concurrently and Reliably

    - by John Topley
    I'm building my first iOS app, which in theory should be pretty straightforward but I'm having difficulty making it sufficiently bulletproof for me to feel confident submitting it to the App Store. Briefly, the main screen has a table view, upon selecting a row it segues to another table view that displays information relevant for the selected row in a master-detail fashion. The underlying data is retrieved as JSON data from a web service once a day and then cached in a Core Data store. The data previous to that day is deleted to stop the SQLite database file from growing indefinitely. All data persistence operations are performed using Core Data, with an NSFetchedResultsController underpinning the detail table view. The problem I am seeing is that if you switch quickly between the master and detail screens several times whilst fresh data is being retrieved, parsed and saved, the app freezes or crashes completely. There seems to be some sort of race condition, maybe due to Core Data importing data in the background whilst the main thread is trying to perform a fetch, but I'm speculating. I've had trouble capturing any meaningful crash information, usually it's a SIGSEGV deep in the Core Data stack. The table below shows the actual order of events that happen when the detail table view controller is loaded: Main Thread Background Thread viewDidLoad Get JSON data (using AFNetworking) Create child NSManagedObjectContext (MOC) Parse JSON data Insert managed objects in child MOC Save child MOC Post import completion notification Receive import completion notification Save parent MOC Perform fetch and reload table view Delete old managed objects in child MOC Save child MOC Post deletion completion notification Receive deletion completion notification Save parent MOC Once the AFNetworking completion block is triggered when the JSON data has arrived, a nested NSManagedObjectContext is created and passed to an "importer" object that parses the JSON data and saves the objects to the Core Data store. The importer executes using the new performBlock method introduced in iOS 5: NSManagedObjectContext *child = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc] initWithConcurrencyType:NSPrivateQueueConcurrencyType]; [child setParentContext:self.managedObjectContext]; [child performBlock:^{ // Create importer instance, passing it the child MOC... }]; The importer object observes its own MOC's NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification and then posts its own notification which is observed by the detail table view controller. When this notification is posted the table view controller performs a save on its own (parent) MOC. I use the same basic pattern with a "deleter" object for deleting the old data after the new data for the day has been imported. This occurs asynchronously after the new data has been fetched by the fetched results controller and the detail table view has been reloaded. One thing I am not doing is observing any merge notifications or locking any of the managed object contexts or the persistent store coordinator. Is this something I should be doing? I'm a bit unsure how to architect this all correctly so would appreciate any advice.

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  • How do I handle the Maybe result of at in Control.Lens.Indexed without a Monoid instance

    - by Matthias Hörmann
    I recently discovered the lens package on Hackage and have been trying to make use of it now in a small test project that might turn into a MUD/MUSH server one very distant day if I keep working on it. Here is a minimized version of my code illustrating the problem I am facing right now with the at lenses used to access Key/Value containers (Data.Map.Strict in my case) {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings, GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving, TemplateHaskell #-} module World where import Control.Applicative ((<$>),(<*>), pure) import Control.Lens import Data.Map.Strict (Map) import qualified Data.Map.Strict as DM import Data.Maybe import Data.UUID import Data.Text (Text) import qualified Data.Text as T import System.Random (Random, randomIO) newtype RoomId = RoomId UUID deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Read, Random) newtype PlayerId = PlayerId UUID deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Read, Random) data Room = Room { _roomId :: RoomId , _roomName :: Text , _roomDescription :: Text , _roomPlayers :: [PlayerId] } deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Read) makeLenses ''Room data Player = Player { _playerId :: PlayerId , _playerDisplayName :: Text , _playerLocation :: RoomId } deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Read) makeLenses ''Player data World = World { _worldRooms :: Map RoomId Room , _worldPlayers :: Map PlayerId Player } deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Read) makeLenses ''World mkWorld :: IO World mkWorld = do r1 <- Room <$> randomIO <*> (pure "The Singularity") <*> (pure "You are standing in the only place in the whole world") <*> (pure []) p1 <- Player <$> randomIO <*> (pure "testplayer1") <*> (pure $ r1^.roomId) let rooms = at (r1^.roomId) ?~ (set roomPlayers [p1^.playerId] r1) $ DM.empty players = at (p1^.playerId) ?~ p1 $ DM.empty in do return $ World rooms players viewPlayerLocation :: World -> PlayerId -> RoomId viewPlayerLocation world playerId= view (worldPlayers.at playerId.traverse.playerLocation) world Since rooms, players and similar objects are referenced all over the code I store them in my World state type as maps of Ids (newtyped UUIDs) to their data objects. To retrieve those with lenses I need to handle the Maybe returned by the at lens (in case the key is not in the map this is Nothing) somehow. In my last line I tried to do this via traverse which does typecheck as long as the final result is an instance of Monoid but this is not generally the case. Right here it is not because playerLocation returns a RoomId which has no Monoid instance. No instance for (Data.Monoid.Monoid RoomId) arising from a use of `traverse' Possible fix: add an instance declaration for (Data.Monoid.Monoid RoomId) In the first argument of `(.)', namely `traverse' In the second argument of `(.)', namely `traverse . playerLocation' In the second argument of `(.)', namely `at playerId . traverse . playerLocation' Since the Monoid is required by traverse only because traverse generalizes to containers of sizes greater than one I was now wondering if there is a better way to handle this that does not require semantically nonsensical Monoid instances on all types possibly contained in one my objects I want to store in the map. Or maybe I misunderstood the issue here completely and I need to use a completely different bit of the rather large lens package?

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  • Best practices for extending third party databases?

    - by Eric Watkins
    I have a situation where our developers extended a Third party database (MS SQL) by adding tables, views, stored procedures, and functions. Recently when the vender issued updates to the database they dropped all of our custom objects. The question now is what are some best practices that will allow us to extend the third party database but keep our objects safe from future updates? My first thought is to create a separate database but then I’m stuck with fully qualifying all the references back to the original database which may cause issues promoting database changes from test to production.

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  • How to manually manage Core Data relationships when deleting

    - by Simon
    I have a Core Data entity, which contains a relationship to another entity. Under certain circumstances, I need to delete the managed objects in the relationship, and at other times no action needs to be taken. I have the Delete Rule on the entity is No Action because of this manual management. The problem I have is, where is the best place to enforce these rules? I cannot see any suitable messages to override on NSManagedObject (something that might notify the object it has been deleted and should clear up its relationships). I would rather not do it higher up in the application logic, because the entity objects can get deleted from array controllers and at different points in the applications, making it necessary to stuff relationship update code at all those levels.

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  • what is this 'content_type' mean..

    - by zjm1126
    content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Map) maps = maps.extra(select=SortedDict([ ('member_count', MEMBER_COUNT_SQL), ('topic_count', TOPIC_COUNT_SQL), ]), select_params=(content_type.id,)) and the ContentType is: class ContentType(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) app_label = models.CharField(max_length=100) model = models.CharField(_('python model class name'), max_length=100) objects = ContentTypeManager() class Meta: verbose_name = _('content type') verbose_name_plural = _('content types') db_table = 'django_content_type' ordering = ('name',) unique_together = (('app_label', 'model'),) def __unicode__(self): return self.name def model_class(self): "Returns the Python model class for this type of content." from django.db import models return models.get_model(self.app_label, self.model) def get_object_for_this_type(self, **kwargs): """ Returns an object of this type for the keyword arguments given. Basically, this is a proxy around this object_type's get_object() model method. The ObjectNotExist exception, if thrown, will not be caught, so code that calls this method should catch it. """ return self.model_class()._default_manager.using(self._state.db).get(**kwargs) def natural_key(self): return (self.app_label, self.model) i want to know: what is the 'content_type' used for ??

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  • VB.net: Custom ' TODO: List on an Interface

    - by Shiftbit
    How do I add my own todo and comments list to appear on Interfaces? I want it to pop up like IDisposable does: Public Class Foo : Implements IDisposable Private disposedValue As Boolean = False ' To detect redundant calls ' IDisposable Protected Overridable Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean) If Not Me.disposedValue Then If disposing Then ' TODO: free other state (managed objects). End If ' TODO: free your own state (unmanaged objects). ' TODO: set large fields to null. End If Me.disposedValue = True End Sub #Region " IDisposable Support " ' This code added by Visual Basic to correctly implement the disposable pattern. Public Sub Dispose() Implements IDisposable.Dispose ' Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean) above. Dispose(True) GC.SuppressFinalize(Me) End Sub #End Region End Class Whenever I enter my own comments and todo list they are never autogenerated like IDisposable Interface does. I would like my own Interfaces to preserve the comments so that I can share my Interfaces with in source documentation.

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  • objective C convert NSString to unsigned

    - by user1501354
    I have changed my question. I want to convert an NSString to an unsigned int. Why? Because I want to do parallel payment in PayPal. Below I have given my coding in which I want to convert the NSString to an unsigned int. My query is: //optional, set shippingEnabled to TRUE if you want to display shipping //options to the user, default: TRUE [PayPal getPayPalInst].shippingEnabled = TRUE; //optional, set dynamicAmountUpdateEnabled to TRUE if you want to compute //shipping and tax based on the user's address choice, default: FALSE [PayPal getPayPalInst].dynamicAmountUpdateEnabled = TRUE; //optional, choose who pays the fee, default: FEEPAYER_EACHRECEIVER [PayPal getPayPalInst].feePayer = FEEPAYER_EACHRECEIVER; //for a payment with multiple recipients, use a PayPalAdvancedPayment object PayPalAdvancedPayment *payment = [[PayPalAdvancedPayment alloc] init]; payment.paymentCurrency = @"USD"; // A payment note applied to all recipients. payment.memo = @"A Note applied to all recipients"; //receiverPaymentDetails is a list of PPReceiverPaymentDetails objects payment.receiverPaymentDetails = [NSMutableArray array]; NSArray *emailArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"[email protected]",@"[email protected]", nil]; for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++) { PayPalReceiverPaymentDetails *details = [[PayPalReceiverPaymentDetails alloc] init]; // Customize the payment notes for one of the three recipient. if (i == 2) { details.description = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Component %d", i]; } details.recipient = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",[emailArray objectAtIndex:i-1]]; unsigned order; if (i==1) { order = [[feeArray objectAtIndex:0] unsignedIntValue]; } if (i==2) { order = [[amountArray objectAtIndex:0] unsignedIntValue]; } //subtotal of all items for this recipient, without tax and shipping details.subTotal = [NSDecimalNumber decimalNumberWithMantissa:order exponent:-4 isNegative:FALSE]; //invoiceData is a PayPalInvoiceData object which contains tax, shipping, and a list of PayPalInvoiceItem objects details.invoiceData = [[PayPalInvoiceData alloc] init]; //invoiceItems is a list of PayPalInvoiceItem objects //NOTE: sum of totalPrice for all items must equal details.subTotal //NOTE: example only shows a single item, but you can have more than one details.invoiceData.invoiceItems = [NSMutableArray array]; PayPalInvoiceItem *item = [[PayPalInvoiceItem alloc] init]; item.totalPrice = details.subTotal; [details.invoiceData.invoiceItems addObject:item]; [payment.receiverPaymentDetails addObject:details]; } [[PayPal getPayPalInst] advancedCheckoutWithPayment:payment]; Can anybody tell me how to do this conversion? Thanks and regards in advance.

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