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  • calling a function from another function in python

    - by user1040503
    I have written this function that takes to strings in order to see if they are anagrams: def anagram_check(str_x, str_y): x = string1.replace(" ","") y = string2.replace(" ","") lower1 = x.lower() lower2 = y.lower() sorted1 = sorted(lower1) sorted2 = sorted(lower2) if sorted1 == sorted2: return True else: return False this function works fine, the problem is that now I need to use this function in another function in order to find anagrams in a text file. I want to print a list of tuples with all the anagrams in it. this is what i have done so far def anagrams_finder(words_num): anagrams = [] f = open("words.txt") a = list(f) list1 = ([s.replace('\n', '') for s in a]) list2 = ([i.lower() for i in list1]) list3 = list2[0:words_num] #number of words from text that need to be checked. for i in list3: .... I tried using for loops, while loops, appand.... but nothing seems to work. how can I use the first function in order to help me with the second? Please help...

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  • python popen and mysql import

    - by khelll
    I'm doing the following: from subprocess import PIPE from subprocess import Popen file = 'dump.sql.gz' p1 = Popen(["gzip", "-cd" ,file], stdout=PIPE) print "Importing temporary file %s" % file p2 = Popen(["mysql","--default-character-set=utf8", "--user=root" , "--password=something", "--host=localhost", "--port=3306" , 'my_db'],stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=PIPE,stderr=PIPE) err = p1.communicate()[1] if err: print err err = p2.communicate()[1] if err: print err But the db is not being populated. No errors are shown, also I have checked p1.stdout and it has the file contents. Any ideas?

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  • Copying 2D lists in python

    - by SuperString
    Hi I want to copy a 2D list, so that if I modify 1 list, the other is not modified. For 1 D list, I just do this: a = [1,2] b = a[:] And now if I modify b, a is not modified. But this doesn't work for 2D list: a = [[1,2],[3,4]] b = a[:] If I modify b, a gets modified as well. How do I fix this?

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  • Python Tkinter comparing PhotoImage objects

    - by Kyle Schmidt
    In a simple LightsOut game, when I click on a light I need to toggle the image on a button. I'm doing this with Tkinter, so I thought I'd just check and see what image is currently on the button (either 'on.gif' or 'off.gif') and set it to the other one, like this: def click(self,x,y): if self.buttons[x][y].image == self.on: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.off) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.off else: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.on) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.on This ends up always being True - I can turn a lgiht off, but never turn it back on. Did some research, realized that I should probably be using cmp: def click(self,x,y): if cmp(self.buttons[x][y].image,self.on) == 0: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.off) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.off else: self.buttons[x][y].config(image=self.on) self.buttons[x][y].image == self.on But that gave me the exact same result. Both self.on and self.off are PhotoImage objects. Aside from keeping a separate set of lists which tracks what type of light is in each position and redrawing them every click, is there a way to directly compare two PhotoImage objects like this?

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  • Generating Mouse-Keyboard combination events in python

    - by freakazo
    I want to be able to do a combination of keypresses and mouseclicks simultaneously, as in for example Control+LeftClick At the moment I am able to do Control and then a left click with the following code: import win32com, win32api, win32con def CopyBox( x, y): time.sleep(.2) wsh = win32com.client.Dispatch("WScript.Shell") wsh.SendKeys("^") win32api.SetCursorPos((x,y)) win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, x, y, 0, 0) win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, x, y, 0, 0) What this does is press control on the keyboard, then it clicks. I need it to keep the controll pressed longer and return while it's still pressed to continue running the code. Is there a maybe lower level way of saying press the key and then later in the code tell it to lift up the key such as like what the mouse is doing?

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  • XML - python prints extra lines

    - by horse
    `from xml import xpath from xml.dom import minidom xmldata = minidom.parse('model.xml').documentElement for maks in xpath.Evaluate('/cacti/results/maks/text()', xmldata): print maks.nodeValue ` and I get result: 85603399.14 398673062.66 95785523.81 But I needed to be: 85603399.14 NO SPACE 398673062.66 NO SPACE 95785523.81 Can somebody help me, i new at programing :( ?

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  • Python - werid behavior

    - by orokusaki
    I've done what I shouldn't have done and written 4 modules (6 hours or so) without running any tests along the way. I have a method inside of /mydir/__init__.py called get_hash(), and a class inside of /mydir/utils.py called SpamClass. /mydir/utils.py imports get_hash() from /mydir/__init__. /mydir/__init__.py imports SpamClass from /mydir/utils.py. Both the class and the method work fine on their own but for some reason if I try to import /mydir/, I get an import error saying "Cannot import name get_hash" from /mydir/__init__.py. The only stack trace is the line saying that __init__.py imported SpamClass. The next line is where the error occurs in in SpamClass when trying to import get_hash. Why is this?

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  • python logparse search specific text

    - by krisdigitx
    hi, I am using this function in my code to return the strings i want from reading the log file, I want to grep the "exim" process and return the results, but running the code gives no error, but the output is limited to three lines, how can i just get the output only related to exim process.. #output: {'date': '13', 'process': 'syslogd', 'time': '06:27:33', 'month': 'May'} {'date': '13', 'process': 'exim[23168]:', 'time': '06:27:33', 'month': 'May'} {'May': ['syslogd']} #function: def generate_log_report(logfile): report_dict = {} for line in logfile: line_dict = dictify_logline(line) print line_dict try: month = line_dict['month'] date = line_dict['date'] time = line_dict['time'] #process = line_dict['process'] if "exim" in line_dict['process']: process = line_dict['process'] break else: process = line_dict['process'] except ValueError: continue report_dict.setdefault(month, []).append(process) return report_dict

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  • Can't iterate over a list class in Python

    - by Vicky
    I'm trying to write a simple GUI front end for Plurk using pyplurk. I have successfully got it to create the API connection, log in, and retrieve and display a list of friends. Now I'm trying to retrieve and display a list of Plurks. pyplurk provides a GetNewPlurks function as follows: def GetNewPlurks(self, since): '''Get new plurks since the specified time. Args: since: [datetime.datetime] the timestamp criterion. Returns: A PlurkPostList object or None. ''' offset = jsonizer.conv_datetime(since) status_code, result = self._CallAPI('/Polling/getPlurks', offset=offset) return None if status_code != 200 else \ PlurkPostList(result['plurks'], result['plurk_users'].values()) As you can see this returns a PlurkPostList, which in turn is defined as follows: class PlurkPostList: '''A list of plurks and the set of users that posted them.''' def __init__(self, plurk_json_list, user_json_list=[]): self._plurks = [PlurkPost(p) for p in plurk_json_list] self._users = [PlurkUser(u) for u in user_json_list] def __iter__(self): return self._plurks def GetUsers(self): return self._users def __eq__(self, other): if other.__class__ != PlurkPostList: return False if self._plurks != other._plurks: return False if self._users != other._users: return False return True Now I expected to be able to do something like this: api = plurk_api_urllib2.PlurkAPI(open('api.key').read().strip(), debug_level=1) plurkproxy = PlurkProxy(api, json.loads) user = plurkproxy.Login('my_user', 'my_pass') ps = plurkproxy.GetNewPlurks(datetime.datetime(2009, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0)) print ps for p in ps: print str(p) When I run this, what I actually get is: <plurk.PlurkPostList instance at 0x01E8D738> from the "print ps", then: for p in ps: TypeError: __iter__ returned non-iterator of type 'list' I don't understand - surely a list is iterable? Where am I going wrong - how do I access the Plurks in the PlurkPostList?

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  • How to fix this python program?

    - by Phenom
    import math def p(n): return 393000*((288200/393000)^n * math.exp(-(288200/393000)))/math.factorial(n) print p(3) When I run it, I get the following error message: Traceback (most recent call last): File "poisson.py", line 6, in <module> print p(3) File "poisson.py", line 4, in p return 393000*((288200/393000)^n * math.exp(-(288200/393000)))/math.factoria l(n) TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ^: 'int' and 'float'

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  • Python decorator question

    - by nsharish
    decorator 1: def dec(f): def wrap(obj, *args, **kwargs): f(obj, *args,**kwargs) return wrap decorator 2: class dec: def __init__(self, f): self.f = f def __call__(self, obj, *args, **kwargs): self.f(obj, *args, **kwargs) A sample class, class Test: @dec def disp(self, *args, **kwargs): print(*args,**kwargs) The follwing code works with decorator 1 but not with decorator 2. a = Test() a.disp("Message") I dont understand why decorator 2 is not working here. Can someone help me with this?

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  • Problem with dictionary key in Python

    - by Hossein
    Hi all, For some project I have to make a dictionary in which the keys are urls,among which I have this url: http://www.microsoft.com/isapi/redir.dll prd=windows&sbp=mediaplayer&ar=Media&sba=Guide&pver=6.2 the url is too long to fit in here I guess in one single line. there is a space between .dll and prd. I can build a dictionary without any errors this url is also a key. but for some reason when I want to extract the values associated to this key(url). I cannot, I get and error "error key:...." Does someone know what is wrong with this url? Are dictionary keys sensitive to some stuff? thanks

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  • Python: Embed Chaco in PyQt4 Mystery

    - by random guy
    How do i go about adding Chaco to an existing PyQt4 application? Hours of searches yielded little (search for yourself). So far i've figured i need the following lines: import os os.environ['ETS_TOOLKIT']='qt4' i could not find PyQt4-Chaco code anywhere on the internets i would be very grateful to anyone filling in the blanks to show me the simplest line plot possible (with 2 points) from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui import sys import os os.environ['ETS_TOOLKIT']='qt4' from enthought <blanks> : : app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) main_window = QtGui.QMainWindow() main_window.setCentralWidget(<blanks>) main_window.show() app.exec_() print('bye') what Chaco/Enthought class inherits from QWidget ?

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  • Python: Created nested dictionary from list of paths

    - by sberry2A
    I have a list of tuples the looks similar to this (simplified here, there are over 14,000 of these tuples with more complicated paths than Obj.part) [ (Obj1.part1, {<SPEC>}), (Obj1.partN, {<SPEC>}), (ObjK.partN, {<SPEC>}) ] Where Obj goes from 1 - 1000, part from 0 - 2000. These "keys" all have a dictionary of specs associated with them which act as a lookup reference for inspecting another binary file. The specs dict contains information such as the bit offset, bit size, and C type of the data pointed to by the path ObjK.partN. For example: Obj4.part500 might have this spec, {'size':32, 'offset':128, 'type':'int'} which would let me know that to access Obj4.part500 in the binary file I must unpack 32 bits from offset 128. So, now I want to take my list of strings and create a nested dictionary which in the simplified case will look like this data = { 'Obj1' : {'part1':{spec}, 'partN':{spec} }, 'ObjK' : {'part1':{spec}, 'partN':{spec} } } To do this I am currently doing two things, 1. I am using a dotdict class to be able to use dot notation for dictionary get / set. That class looks like this: class dotdict(dict): def __getattr__(self, attr): return self.get(attr, None) __setattr__ = dict.__setitem__ __delattr__ = dict.__delitem__ The method for creating the nested "dotdict"s looks like this: def addPath(self, spec, parts, base): if len(parts) > 1: item = base.setdefault(parts[0], dotdict()) self.addPath(spec, parts[1:], item) else: item = base.setdefault(parts[0], spec) return base Then I just do something like: for path, spec in paths: self.lookup = dotdict() self.addPath(spec, path.split("."), self.lookup) So, in the end self.lookup.Obj4.part500 points to the spec. Is there a better (more pythonic) way to do this?

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  • compute mean in python for a generator

    - by nmaxwell
    Hi, I'm doing some statistics work, I have a (large) collection of random numbers to compute the mean of, I'd like to work with generators, because I just need to compute the mean, so I don't need to store the numbers. The problem is that numpy.mean breaks if you pass it a generator. I can write a simple function to do what I want, but I'm wondering if there's a proper, built-in way to do this? It would be nice if I could say "sum(values)/len(values)", but len doesn't work for genetators, and sum already consumed values. here's an example: import numpy def my_mean(values): n = 0 Sum = 0.0 try: while True: Sum += next(values) n += 1 except StopIteration: pass return float(Sum)/n X = [k for k in range(1,7)] Y = (k for k in range(1,7)) print numpy.mean(X) print my_mean(Y) these both give the same, correct, answer, buy my_mean doesn't work for lists, and numpy.mean doesn't work for generators. I really like the idea of working with generators, but details like this seem to spoil things. thanks for any help -nick

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  • I want to design a html form in python

    - by VaIbHaV-JaIn
    when user will enter details in the text box on the html from <h1>Please enter new password</h1> <form method="POST" enctype="application/json action="uid"> Password<input name="passwd"type="password" /><br> Retype Password<input name="repasswd" type="password" /><br> <input type="Submit" /> </form> </body> i want to post the data in json format through http post request and also i want to set content-type = application/json

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  • Optimizing python code performance when importing zipped csv to a mongo collection

    - by mark
    I need to import a zipped csv into a mongo collection, but there is a catch - every record contains a timestamp in Pacific Time, which must be converted to the local time corresponding to the (longitude,latitude) pair found in the same record. The code looks like so: def read_csv_zip(path, timezones): with ZipFile(path) as z, z.open(z.namelist()[0]) as input: csv_rows = csv.reader(input) header = csv_rows.next() check,converters = get_aux_stuff(header) for csv_row in csv_rows: if check(csv_row): row = { converter[0]:converter[1](value) for converter, value in zip(converters, csv_row) if allow_field(converter) } ts = row['ts'] lng, lat = row['loc'] found_tz_entry = timezones.find_one(SON({'loc': {'$within': {'$box': [[lng-tz_lookup_radius, lat-tz_lookup_radius],[lng+tz_lookup_radius, lat+tz_lookup_radius]]}}})) if found_tz_entry: tz_name = found_tz_entry['tz'] local_ts = ts.astimezone(timezone(tz_name)).replace(tzinfo=None) row['tz'] = tz_name else: local_ts = (ts.astimezone(utc) + timedelta(hours = int(lng/15))).replace(tzinfo = None) row['local_ts'] = local_ts yield row def insert_documents(collection, source, batch_size): while True: items = list(itertools.islice(source, batch_size)) if len(items) == 0: break; try: collection.insert(items) except: for item in items: try: collection.insert(item) except Exception as exc: print("Failed to insert record {0} - {1}".format(item['_id'], exc)) def main(zip_path): with Connection() as connection: data = connection.mydb.data timezones = connection.timezones.data insert_documents(data, read_csv_zip(zip_path, timezones), 1000) The code proceeds as follows: Every record read from the csv is checked and converted to a dictionary, where some fields may be skipped, some titles be renamed (from those appearing in the csv header), some values may be converted (to datetime, to integers, to floats. etc ...) For each record read from the csv, a lookup is made into the timezones collection to map the record location to the respective time zone. If the mapping is successful - that timezone is used to convert the record timestamp (pacific time) to the respective local timestamp. If no mapping is found - a rough approximation is calculated. The timezones collection is appropriately indexed, of course - calling explain() confirms it. The process is slow. Naturally, having to query the timezones collection for every record kills the performance. I am looking for advises on how to improve it. Thanks. EDIT The timezones collection contains 8176040 records, each containing four values: > db.data.findOne() { "_id" : 3038814, "loc" : [ 1.48333, 42.5 ], "tz" : "Europe/Andorra" } EDIT2 OK, I have compiled a release build of http://toblerity.github.com/rtree/ and configured the rtree package. Then I have created an rtree dat/idx pair of files corresponding to my timezones collection. So, instead of calling collection.find_one I call index.intersection. Surprisingly, not only there is no improvement, but it works even more slowly now! May be rtree could be fine tuned to load the entire dat/idx pair into RAM (704M), but I do not know how to do it. Until then, it is not an alternative. In general, I think the solution should involve parallelization of the task. EDIT3 Profile output when using collection.find_one: >>> p.sort_stats('cumulative').print_stats(10) Tue Apr 10 14:28:39 2012 ImportDataIntoMongo.profile 64549590 function calls (64549180 primitive calls) in 1231.257 seconds Ordered by: cumulative time List reduced from 730 to 10 due to restriction <10> ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function) 1 0.012 0.012 1231.257 1231.257 ImportDataIntoMongo.py:1(<module>) 1 0.001 0.001 1230.959 1230.959 ImportDataIntoMongo.py:187(main) 1 853.558 853.558 853.558 853.558 {raw_input} 1 0.598 0.598 370.510 370.510 ImportDataIntoMongo.py:165(insert_documents) 343407 9.965 0.000 359.034 0.001 ImportDataIntoMongo.py:137(read_csv_zip) 343408 2.927 0.000 287.035 0.001 c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pymongo\collection.py:489(find_one) 343408 1.842 0.000 274.803 0.001 c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pymongo\cursor.py:699(next) 343408 2.542 0.000 271.212 0.001 c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pymongo\cursor.py:644(_refresh) 343408 4.512 0.000 253.673 0.001 c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pymongo\cursor.py:605(__send_message) 343408 0.971 0.000 242.078 0.001 c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pymongo\connection.py:871(_send_message_with_response) Profile output when using index.intersection: >>> p.sort_stats('cumulative').print_stats(10) Wed Apr 11 16:21:31 2012 ImportDataIntoMongo.profile 41542960 function calls (41542536 primitive calls) in 2889.164 seconds Ordered by: cumulative time List reduced from 778 to 10 due to restriction <10> ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function) 1 0.028 0.028 2889.164 2889.164 ImportDataIntoMongo.py:1(<module>) 1 0.017 0.017 2888.679 2888.679 ImportDataIntoMongo.py:202(main) 1 2365.526 2365.526 2365.526 2365.526 {raw_input} 1 0.766 0.766 502.817 502.817 ImportDataIntoMongo.py:180(insert_documents) 343407 9.147 0.000 491.433 0.001 ImportDataIntoMongo.py:152(read_csv_zip) 343406 0.571 0.000 391.394 0.001 c:\python27\lib\site-packages\rtree-0.7.0-py2.7.egg\rtree\index.py:384(intersection) 343406 379.957 0.001 390.824 0.001 c:\python27\lib\site-packages\rtree-0.7.0-py2.7.egg\rtree\index.py:435(_intersection_obj) 686513 22.616 0.000 38.705 0.000 c:\python27\lib\site-packages\rtree-0.7.0-py2.7.egg\rtree\index.py:451(_get_objects) 343406 6.134 0.000 33.326 0.000 ImportDataIntoMongo.py:162(<dictcomp>) 346 0.396 0.001 30.665 0.089 c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pymongo\collection.py:240(insert) EDIT4 I have parallelized the code, but the results are still not very encouraging. I am convinced it could be done better. See my own answer to this question for details.

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  • Global variables in Python

    - by rejinacm
    A global variable created in one function cannot be used in another function directly. Instead I need to store the global variable in a local variable of the function which needs its access. Am I correct? Why is it so?

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  • Logical python question - handeling directories and files in them

    - by Konstantin
    Hello! I'm using this function to extract files from .zip archive and store it on the server: def unzip_file_into_dir(file, dir): import sys, zipfile, os, os.path os.makedirs(dir, 0777) zfobj = zipfile.ZipFile(file) for name in zfobj.namelist(): if name.endswith('/'): os.mkdir(os.path.join(dir, name)) else: outfile = open(os.path.join(dir, name), 'wb') outfile.write(zfobj.read(name)) outfile.close() And the usage: unzip_file_into_dir('/var/zips/somearchive.zip', '/var/www/extracted_zip') somearchive.zip have this structure: somearchive.zip 1.jpeg 2.jpeg another.jpeg or, somethimes, this one: somearchive.zip somedir/ 1.jpeg 2.jpeg another.jpeg Question is: how do I modify my function, so that my extracted_zip catalog would always contain just images, not images in another subdirectory, even if images are stored in somedir inside an archive.

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