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• Is there a local yubnub.org replacement?

  - by Justin Keogh

  I use yubnub very often... every google search I do by just (in firefox) "ctrl-t" - (now in the url bar) "y g searchterms" [Enter] "y" in this case is a search keyword I added by right clicking in the yubnub.org command box it's really fast, and I just do it automatically now... but the problem is now I am stuck with whatever the yubnub command that I am so used to using does. I cant change it... for example, what if I dont want to use google... but I still want to use the "g" command to search? or say I want to use google's https search... ect... I suppose this would be kinda trivial to implement locally... but I would hate to re-invent the code if it's allready done and in use... ideas? Also a local yubnub.org replacement would save me the DNS lookup and traffic to yubnub.org. I dont expect to be able to import all commands from yubnub.org but that would be cool if possible.

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• ssh Password-less login to multiple machines when you already have one

  - by tandu

  I'm a little bit confused about setting up a password-less login for multiple machines to begin with, but I think I could do it from scratch. The problem is I already have it set up for one machine and I don't want that to be blown away when I try to set it up for the other machine. Let's clarify: Machine A: the machine I'm connecting from Machine B: the machine I'm connecting to. Password required Machine C: the machine I'm connecting to. Password-less ssh I have read some tutorials on setting up password-less ssh to a certain site, but they usually start with "move id_rsa out of the way so it doesn't get blown away," but then at the end of the tutorial it's not moved back. If I had no help at all, here is what I would do: Log into B ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/id_rsa.other scp id_rsa.other.pub A:~/.ssh echo "Host A \n Identity File ~/.ssh/id_rsa.other" > ~/.ssh/config (Note that I realize these commands may not be exactly correct, but this is just the idea). What I'm not quite clear on is if I need to update the config for A, B, or both. I'm fairly certain to do a password-less login from A to B, it is A that needs the public key .. but I also suppose I need B to use the correct id_rsa file for that public key. Finally, I don't want the password-less login for C to be affected at all .. it's using id_rsa. Am I going wrong anywhere?

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• Can't do anything with Ext. HDD, ".Trashes" is probably the boogyman. (On a MAC!)

  - by Sander Schaeffer

  I bought a external Harddrive today, A Samsung. But I'm not able to do anything with it A few notes on that. I can't put anything on the harddrive. It keeps on 'preparing copying files' I can delete anything on the harddrive system files, except the folder ".Trashes". It gives error 'Unexpected error: -50' I've tried to empty my own trashcan, no changes. I've set the file permission on the .Trashes to read/write everyone, doesn;t change a thing Trying to format the whole drive with DiskUtility, but quits at start, because the drive cannot be deactivated I've tried a few terminal commands sudo -s -r rf /Volumes/Untitled\ 1/.Trashes - Directory not empty -r rf /Volumes/Untitled\ 1/.Trashes - no permissions Also cd /Volumes ls -al cd name_of_partition ls -al -rm -rf .Trashes Again: Permission error. Also: I can't change drive permissions via Disk Utility, via the button 'recover drive permissions', because it is 'blank' I really can't figure out how to delete .Trashes, format the drive or get the damn thing working. Any suggestions? p.s. If this is the wrong Stack Exchange site: Please redirect me!

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• Gnome, open with, custom command, filename reference

  - by Tergiver

  I want to execute this custom command on a file from the Gnome File Browser: hexdump -C $f > $f.dump That would create a hexdump of the file with the file's name + .dump in the directory that the file exists in. When I say $f above I mean something that would substitute the name of the file that was opened. So I've tried "Open with", "Use a custom command". I can't get it to work. I've tried a number of symbols in place of $f. Is it even possible? Before you suggest getting a GUI hexdump program, this is just one example. I have the need to do this sort of thing for many terminal-type programs. Am I the only person on Earth who wishes for a hybrid File-Browser-slash-Command-Terminal? That would be a file browser which contained a terminal pane who's current directory always matched that of the file browser. One could execute shell commands in the context of what they were viewing in the browser.

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• VM load and ping problems after replacing server motherboard

  - by Andre

  Recently, we had to replace the motherboard of one of our servers. The procedure was done by IBM as it had guarantee. The server runs ESXi 5.1, with several virtual machines, including our main mail server (Domino) and a file server. After the replacing the motherboard and staring the VMs, ESXi asked us if we had moved it or copied (different motherboard is like a different computer). We clicked the latter. We started each machine and after some basic reconfiguration, all of them were up. However, we have been having problems with the mail server, it has been acting really slow at times (this could be when it syncs with the secondary mail server) and we have been checking with Centreon (a Nagios frontend) that its CPU load has been a bit high at times and ping response too. There was a moment this morning in which I tried connecting via SSH console and it was really slow to show login and basic commands like ifconfig and top. This particular mail server is a CentOS 4.4.7 64-bit. The little configuring we had to do after restarting it was to configure the network connection as it was resolving through DHCP. Our mail software is Lotus Notes server 9. Do you know of any way in which this replacement may be causing these difficulties, and how to fix it? Thanks.

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• MySQL permissions error when showing databases

  - by Tony

  I was trying to install homebrew and very very stupidly did this: sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local The Homebrew instructions say to do this and I'm not much of a sysadmin so I took their word for it. Lesson learned (although I wouldn't really know how to test this...seems like an "undo" script would be super valuable here) Anyway, what is done is done, but now I get this error: $ mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 548 Server version: 5.1.33 Source distribution Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> show databases; ERROR 1018 (HY000): Can't read dir of '.' (errno: 13) I tried chown-ing back to root with no avail. Does anyone know how I can fix this without reinstalling mysql? Optionally, if I have to reinstall mysql, how can I dump my databases without access to the command line so I don't lose all of my data. Thanks!

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• Howto align partitions in Linux + NetApp

  - by santisaez

  NetApp support has suggested us aligning partitions to improve performance, in short: starting sector must be divisible by 8. How can I move the start point in a misaligned partition -in production, with ext3- under Linux? A screenshot with a misaligned (start=63s) and aligned (start=64s) partition is available at: http://filesocial.com/lkwvvn2 (If anyone is interested in this topic, NetApp has a good document explaining performance issues in misaligned partitions, search for "tr-3747": Best Practices for File System Alignment in Virtual Environments.) I have tried using parted "resize + move" commands, but when moving start point a get this error: (parted) resize Partition number? 1 Start? [64s]? End? [419425019s]? 419425018 (parted) move Partition number? 1 Start? 65 End? [419425019s]? 419425019 Error: Can't move a partition onto itself. Try using resize, perhaps? Using fdisk 'b' command in expert mode ('move beginning of data in a partition') works, but it doesn't move the file system.. thanks!!

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• rsync per-site configuration file?

  - by Scott

  I know how to configure a per-site entry for ssh, but is there any kind of a client configuration for rsync that allows per-site configuration options and aliases or similar shortcuts like the .ssh/config? I'm curious because I have a minimal ssh server installed on my android phone and I also have a minimal rsync tool on it as well. I'm getting tired of having to root login onto the phone and sym-link both tools to standard places the android OS looks for executables as the ssh server is bare bones and has a typical *bear multi-link binary for the basic unix commands (that does not include rsync) I end up having to include --rsync-path=/path/to/rsync/android/files/rsync every time I want to do any rsyncing of the files on my phone, but this path is always the same. I've gotten around it in the meantime with a glob approach in a shell script wrapper, but this sometimes limits the customization I can do with the rsync call. I'm just wondering if there is anything similar to the .ssh/config file where I can create an alias for my phone (e.g. 'android') where specifying rsync android:/mnt/sdcard will automatically assume --rsync-path=/blah/blah/blah --no-g --no-p --no-t etc. Tre`

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• Cannot get at data in my NAS

  - by Ben

  I've got a bit of an issue that I'm hoping you can help me with. I have an Iomega ix4 as my NAS. This runs Linux and each drive in the box has 2 partitions: one for the OS and RAID info, and the second for the actual data. I had it configured as RAID5. Recently one of the drives failed. At this point all of the data was available, it was just reporting a failed drive. I had a drive of the same capacity (although not the exact same spec) which I swapped in place of the failed drive. It recognised it, and started to rebuild the data protection. So far so good ... or so I thought. The next day, after data protection had finished reconstructing, the NAS was telling me that 4 new drives had been added, and wanted confirmation to overwrite the data. Obviously I declined to do this. I swapped the failed drive back in again, in the hope that it would return to its previous state of the data being accessible, but one failed disk. However it didn't - it still tells me that the NAS has 4 new drives in it. I am hopeful that the actual data is untouched, so what I need to do is get it to rebuild the RAID without touching the data on the disks. I have ssh access, and have run stuff like mdadm --examine to see what I can find. The mdadm.conf file has no entry in the "definitions of existing MD arrays" section. I have not run any actual rebuilding commands as yet, because this is entering an area which I am out of my depth in. Please can someone advise the best way of getting my data? Thanks.

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• How do you enable webcam support in facebook for ubuntu 10.04?

  - by Jonathan

  I think I have finally arrived at an insolvable equation: Chromium v.7 + Ubuntu 10.04 + Sun Java 6 + Webcam + Facebook + Flash 10 = non-functional All of those items listed above are potential points of failure in this situation, and any help narrowing them down would be fantastic. I am simply trying to enable webcame support directly through Facebooks website. Forum searches and the usual googling turn up few posts related to this specific equation. Two of the major suggestions include: 1) Installing the Sun (I refuse to say oracle sob)-provided Java implementation instead of the OpenJDK normally installed in ubuntu. And yes, after installing it, I did update all my default supports to use the sun commands over the openjdk. 2) Somehow enabling Facebook as a permitted site to access my webcam using Flash settings. I have not been able to explore option 2 because I cannot find a way to adjust the Flash settings in chromium 7. Other factors that do not help include the fact that I am pretty sure facebook changes its webcam interface every 10 seconds just to keep troubleshooters and support personnel on their toes. If anyone has a OTP that informs us of the next shift in the app, a leak would be greatly appreciated! Cheers!

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• Azure VM won't boot after sysprep; integration tools installed

  - by Mark Williams

  I have installed the Azure Integration Components and used sysprep on a Windows 2012 VM. Now the machine won't start up. I uploaded the VHD to Azure - it failed there too. When I start up the VM I get a PowerShell window that hangs out for a bit; eventually I get the following error, after which the machine restarts. New-Object: The dependency service or group failed to start. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x8007042C) At line1: char:1 New-Object -comobject WaAgent.WindowsSetupComponent | % { $_.HandleSetupError() ... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +CategoryInfo : ResourceUnavailable (:) [New-Object], COMException +FullyQualifiedErrorId: NoCOMClassIdentified,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.NewObjectCommand I have tried renaming unattended.xml and turning on bootlogging. Neither of those yielded much help. Is there a way I can disable the Azure components that run during OOBE? That seems to be the source of the problem. Mounting the VHD is easy. 0x8007042C looks like a firewall issue, based on my googling. Unfortunately I can't get the machine to boot so I can figure that issue out. Also, I can't get around this problem by booting into safe mode. Thanks for your help, guys.

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• Is there any functional-like unix shell?

  - by Caruccio

  I'm (really) newbie to functional programming (in fact only had contact with it using python) but seems to be a good approach for some list-intensive tasks in a shell environment. I'd love to do something like this: $ [ git clone $host/$repo for repo in repo1 repo2 repo3 ] Is there any Unix shell with these kind of feature? Or maybe some feature to allow easy shell access (commands, env/vars, readline, etc...) from within python (the idea is to use python's interactive interpreter as a replacement to bash). EDIT: Maybe a comparative example would clarify. Let's say I have a list composed of dir/file: $ FILES=( build/project.rpm build/project.src.rpm ) And I want to do a really simple task: copy all files to dist/ AND install it in the system (it's part of a build process): Using bash: $ cp ${files[*]} dist/ $ cd dist && rpm -Uvh $(for f in ${files[*]}; do basename $f; done)) Using a "pythonic shell" approach (caution: this is imaginary code): $ cp [ os.path.join('dist', os.path.basename(file)) for file in FILES ] 'dist' Can you see the difference ? THAT is what i'm talking about. How can not exits a shell with these kind of stuff build-in yet? It's a real pain to handle lists in shell, even its being a so common task: list of files, list of PIDs, list of everything. And a really, really, important point: using syntax/tools/features everybody already knows: sh and python. IPython seams to be on a good direction, but it's bloated: if var name starts with '$', it does this, if '$$' it does that. It's syntax is not "natural", so many rules and "workarounds" ([ ln.upper() for ln in !ls ] -- syntax error)

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• Recovering data from an external hard drive

  - by CCallaghan

  I have a WD Elements 2GB hard drive (formatted NTFS). I accidentally kicked out the USB cable while writing data to the disk, and now I can't access most of the data. Although this was ostensibly my backup drive, there is a great deal of important material on there which was only on there. I realise how idiotic this makes me. (So, formatting is not an option.) Things I've tried/information I've gathered: Windows Explorer will recognise the drive itself. However, it will not access most directories therein (and will sometimes crash when exploring). I can access all of the directories through the command line, but the dir command will often report that it can't read any files in most of the directories. The situation was similar when I hooked it up to an Ubuntu machine: the file explorer crashed, but I could access directories - but not files in those directories - via terminal commands. Several files I tried to copy out either resulted in an I/O error being reported or resulted in the command line crashing. The Disk Management utility on Windows reports a healthy disk formatted as NTFS and not RAW. It also indicates the correct amount of space used up and its capacity (so it seems that the files are not deleted). I've tried to run chkdsk, but that hangs on Step 2 (checking indexes) at 74%. Step 1 reported no bad sectors. I tried Recuva, but that didn't seem to work (stalled at 0% for half an hour). I should also note that the disk doesn't seem to be spinning smoothly; it seems to be chopping back, like it's reading the same sector over and over again. I noticed this after I kicked out the cable. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Update: It would seem the problem has taken a turn for the worse. The external hard drive now shows up on my computer as a local disk and is not mountable by Linux.

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• Is there an Installer Analyser tool that can list what Registry Keys will be created?

  - by EvoGamer

  I can think of 3 ways to achieve my goal: Create a clean VPC, install a given piece of software, and compare the before and after states. Somehow reverse-engineer the installer. Somehow redirect the output of the installer in question so that all registry calls and copy/move file commands are recorded, but not executed. The first option can be done manually, or potentially automated, but I feel it's rather OTT for my needs. The second could cause all sorts of licencing issues, not to mention it may not always return a correct result. Also, without delving into hex editing, I can't think of a way that it would be possible to do manually (some installers - eg Anti-Virus software - may react unfavourably on automated attempts to investigate the installer). The third option shows the most promise, although if the first could be stripped down into a lightweight throwaway environment, it would work pretty much the same way. However, I'm not sure how to do it. So my question is: What tools are available (if any) and/or how could I find out this information manually? I'm not looking to reverse-engineer anything (if I can help it), but I just want to know exactly what changes are being made to my PC by a given piece of software.

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• What is the --daemon option?

  - by Pascal Dimassimo

  I was installing Solr with Jetty using these instructions. Basically, those instructions made you download the Jetty startup script and copy it to /etc/init.d/jetty. But it was not working. Each time I was starting Jetty, I had a "FAILED" message and nothing to understand why it was happening. I decided to open up the /etc/init.d/jetty script to understand what was happening. I saw that this script was using start-stop-daemon to launch jetty. After a couple of time of debugging, I discovered that removing the --daemon option at the end of the start-stop-daemon call was fixing my problem. I did a couple of research and discovered that this guy had the same problem and resolved it like I did: my removing the --daemon option. What is weird is that the switch does not seem to be specific to start-stop-daemon, because it is not documented in the man page. Also, I've seen it used for other commands. So what is that --daemon option doing? And why removing it resolved my problem? Note that I am working on Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS.

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• OpenVZ container is running but does not show in vzlist nor can I find the private/conf files for the container

  - by Kakeakeai

  I was creating a new OpenVZ container on one of our VPS Nodes while the power went out for that machine. After bringing the machine back online I could no longer access the container CTID=101. I could not destroy it using "vzctl destroy 101", I can not enter or control it, and "vzlist -a" does NOT display any containers at all (this was a fresh node and the first container was being created). I decided to create a new container at this point assuming that the old container just was not saved for some reason. However when I go to add the ip/host to the new container I get a warning that the IP is already in use. After doing a ping to the IP I realized there was a machine on that IP. I SSH into the machine and discover it is the OLD container that some how is orphaned. I can not find it on the filesystem, I can not find it using VZ commands, and It is set to start on Node boot so it is impossible to shutdown (even ssh in and typing the "shutdown now" command just reboots the container not shut it down). Is this a flaw in OpenVZ or am I missing something? I have all the outputs and logs if needed. Thank you all so much in advance.

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• Is there a way to use VirtualBox without using it's resource registry?

  - by Catskul

  Summary VirtualBox seems to want everything to be "registered" which makes it much more annoying to work with on the command line. I'm attempting to create an automated script which will create, move, start, stop, and destroy virtual machines and virtual disks. Requiring registration will complicate the task for the following reasons. leaves state information around that can cause unpredicted edgecases causing scripts to fail. creates potential name space collisions for multiple process creating VMs with the same name moving/copying resources on the same machine is more complicated because references in the registry need to be updated copying resources (disk + vm combination) to another machine require reconfiguration once they reach their target machine, and require the transfer of extra meta data to do the reconfiguration. If something unexpectedly fails, and an unregister thus fails to happen, left over configuration information can cause problems in subsequent runs. Use Case My specific use case is for a continuous integration server which creates and destroys VMs and Disk images potentially with the same name, and would require more logic to deal with the registry's statefulness. Imaginary Example It seems that I should just be able to for example (using some imaginary and/or incorrect commands): mkdir foobar customdiskimg_script ./foo/foo.vdi vboxmanage createvm --name "foo" --ostype Linux --basefolder ./foo/foo.xml vboxmanage storagectl ./foo/foo.xml --name foo --add ide vboxmanage storageattach --storagectl foo --medium ./foo/foo.vdi ./foo/foo.xml vboxmanage startvm ./foo/foo.xml TLDR Is there a way to use virtualbox without "registering" harddisks and VMs?

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• Quick introduction to Linux needed

  - by 0xDEAD BEEF

  Hi guys! I have to get into Linux ASAP and realy mean ASAP. I have installed Cygwin but as allways - things dont go as easy as one would like. First problem i enconter was - i choose KDE package, but there is no sign of KDE files anywhere in cygwin folder. How do i run KDE windows. Currently startx fires, but all looks ugly! My desire is to download and run Qt Creator. Seems that there is no cygwin package, but downloading source and compiling is good to go. Only that i have forgoten every linux command i ever knew! :D Please - what are default commands u use on linux? What does exec do? what ./ stands for? What is directory strucutre and why there is such mess in bin folder? Thanks god - i have windows over cygwin, so downloading files is not a problem, but again -how do i unpack them in linux style and how to i build? simply issue "make" command from folder, where i extracted files? Please help!

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• Giving the root user priority to maintain Debian (while server collapsing under heavy load)

  - by Saix

  Is there any way to setup Debian to prioritize any or specific root's activity before every other? For instance, several times per year something gets wrong (usually man's fault by overstressing apache/mysql) and system gets unresponsive under heavy load like 200 (8-core cpu). I know there are limits for php scripts to run then kill, but that's not the way because this limit has to be at least 45 minutes long. The problem is, until I'm able to login via SSH and let apache/mysql restart under this server stress, it nearly hits these 45 minutes anyway. Also hardware restart causing usually to run fsck at boot time on all harddrives since it's usually pretty long the box haven't been restarted. I was told it's really not good idea disabling fsck but then again, it takes more then hour to complete. What is the fastest way to restart apache/mysql? Is there any way to give ssh users or root user higher priority so the logging in and completing these restarts (rather stops though) commands wouldn't take so long? One comes to my mind.. use NICE for apache/mysql but no way. I can't risk limiting those two vital apps 24/7 or could I? I'm a little bit scared if any other system process wouldn't slow the pages down too much. Any backup process, swap (if any) etc. There is pretty heavy PHP framework with 20k visits a day, so it needs every hw/sw resource available. I can't throttle it the whole time, just in certain points when system gets unresponsive, so I could maintain it.

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• How do I connect to and factory reset a Catalyst 3560 Switch?

  - by Josh

  My company just bought another company. In their server room they had some older hardware, which I would like to repurpose. One of these is a Cisco Switch: C3560G-48TS-S. I found some instructions about this switch here but this is not a guide for a beginner. I have no idea how to connect to this thing to begin running the commands. It says Configure the PC terminal emulation software for 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, and no flow control. But I can't find anything on how to do this (assuming with telnet?) or even what program to use. I also don't know how to find the IP address of the device to connect to it. My research also says once I get in there, I need to run clear config all Is this the right command? Also, what if I can't get the username and password for these devices? Is there some way to factory reset (my only experience is with devices that have a hardware reset button) EDIT: I should note that when I push the button on the front the three lights blink, which according to the documentation indicated the switch is configured and "not available for express setup"

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• Plesk Uninstall Memory issue

  - by user115079

  I am trying to uninstall plesk from my VPS by running following command: yum remove sw-* psa-* plesk-* when i run this command i get following error: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test memory alloc (4 bytes) returned NULL. First time when i run above command, this mem alloc (4 bytes) was very big number like (67864987). then i googled it, got some clear/ulimit commands. executed them. rebooted my system. stopped all process and executed this command again. but still getting 4 byte issue. dont know how to get rid of it. I also tried ulimit after reboot but no success and Yes. No swap attached. these are stats of my system [root@vps ~]# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 384 67 316 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 67 316 Swap: 0 0 0 top - 21:01:07 up 3:12, 1 user, load average: 0.24, 0.08, 0.03 Tasks: 31 total, 2 running, 29 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 393216k total, 69832k used, 323384k free, 0k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached is there any other alternative to achieve my goal to uninstall plesk? thanks.

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• How to prevent the command prompt from closing after execution?

  - by Sk8erPeter

  My problem is that in Windows, there are command line windows that close immediately after execution. To solve this, I want the default behavior to be that the window is kept open. Normally, this behavior can be avoided with three methods that come to my mind: Putting a pause line after batch programs to prompt the user to press a key before exiting Running these batch files or other command line manipulating tools (even service starting, restarting, etc. with net start xy or anything similar) within cmd.exe(Start - Run - cmd.exe) Running these programs with cmd /k like this: cmd /k myprogram.bat But there are some other cases in which the user: Runs the program the first time and doesn't know that the given program will run in Command Prompt (Windows Command Processor) e.g. when running a shortcut from Start menu (or from somewhere else), OR Finds it a little bit uncomfortable to run cmd.exe all the time and doesn't have the time/opportunity to rewrite the code of these commands everywhere to put a pause after them or avoid exiting explicitly. I've read an article about changing default behavior of cmd.exe when opening it explicitly, with creating an AutoRun entry and manipulating its content in these locations: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun (The AutoRun items are _String values_...) I put cmd /d /k as a value of it to give it a try, but this didn't change the behaviour of the stuffs mentioned above at all... It just changed the behaviour of the command line window when opening it explicitly (Start-Run-cmd.exe). So how does it work? Can you give me any ideas to solve this problem?

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• How can I document and automate a system's configuration?

  - by Diomidis Spinellis

  Having a system's configuration represented by its current state is risky, inefficient, and opaque. At some point you may be left with an unsupported system and no upgrade path. Then configuring a new system compatible with the old is a process or trial and error. Furthermore, if at some point the system is damaged the only option is to go back to the most recent full backup, and try to remember what changes followed from that point. Also, the only way to create a system compatible with the original is through a complete dump/restore. Finally, in such a setup there's no way to know how you solved a particular problem; the only thing you can do is to look at the corresponding configuration files and try to guess what you changed to achieve the desired effect. Currently for each system I maintain, I keep a log file where I record all system administration activity, starting from the installation: installation options, added packages, changes in configuration files, updates, problem fixes etc. In theory this allows me to (manually) replay all changes to arrive at the current state, or to unroll an erroneous change by executing the reverse commands. However, this process is also inefficient, error-prone, and relies on human judgment. Another thing I've tried is to put /etc configuration files under version control with git. This helps me document the changes automatically and also apply them on a clean setup. But it's not without problems: git has to run under sudo, passwords and private keys may be stored in the repository, installed packages can't be meaningfully tracked, and git will have a fit if I try to extend this approach to all the system's directories. I've also thought about performing all changes through shell scripts or makefiles, but I think this process will require a lot of effort and will be fragile. Are there some better methods or tools that I'm missing?

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• Using multiple USB webcams in Linux

  - by rachelderp

  Running more than one USB webcam in Debian/Linux results in the the following error: libv4l2: error turning on stream: No space left on device VIDIOC_STREAMON: No space left on device What initially seemed to be a programming issue in OpenCV turned into a quest for a mysterious hardware/software problem after the same errors were produced by running cheese and xawtv. Apparently it's caused by webcams requesting all the available bandwidth on the USB host controller. With that in mind I decided to run wireshark and capinfos to see just how much bandwidth a single camera used. 4 megabits per second at 320x240 14 megabits per second at 640x480 32 megabits per second at 1920x1080 Interesting! That might explain why two cameras at 320x240 work but any higher resolution fails. It's as if my USB controller is only operating at USB 1 speeds, yet lsusb shows both webcams belonging to a device which supposedly supports 480 megabits per second. One solution proposed forcing the webcams to calculate their bandwidth usage instead of requesting their maximum by running the following commands: sudo rmmod uvcvideo sudo modprobe uvcvideo quirks=128 Unfortunately that made no difference, so I decided to try another solution. A post on StackOverflow suggested telling my webcams to use a lower FPS or compressed video format like MJPEG, but after running v4lctl list it doesn't appear either of my webcams support changing their video mode. And that's where I'm stuck. Why would two webcams operating well below the maximum speed of USB 2 would produce this error? ps: It's not a disk space issue, df displays no change when the webcams are started. pps: If it makes a difference, here's the output of lsusb

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• Passive mode FTP file download hangs from specific machine

  - by chiptuned

  I have a server which is an AWS instance that just cannot download files from a specific FTP server. I can connect to the FTP server fine and run some commands, but when I request a file it just hangs. Here is the debug output of the base linux ftp client after login: ---> SYST 215 UNIX Type: Apache FtpServer Remote system type is UNIX. ftp> get outgoing/catalog.gz catalog.gz local: catalog.gz remote: outgoing/catalog.gz ---> PASV 227 Entering Passive Mode (64,156,167,125,135,191) ---> RETR outgoing/catalog.gz 150 File status okay; about to open data connection. Thats it. Then it just sits there and nothing transfers. I have verified that a data connection is made but the client gets no data. ? ss -nt dst 64.156.167.125 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 0 10.185.147.150:41190 64.156.167.125:21 ESTAB 0 0 10.185.147.150:48871 64.156.167.125:48557 The FTP server is not in my control and downloads from other FTP servers in passive mode have worked. Active mode does not work as the system is behind a firewall. Every FTP client I've tried has the same problem. The download works from other systems, even from other AWS instances I have with the same Security Group. Not necessarily the same distro or config though. I understand it may be some issue on the server side, but I want to know what it is about my particular machine where the transfer hangs and where on every other machine I can get my hands on, it works. Please let me know what the culprit on the client side could be or ideas on what else to look at.

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