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  • How to map a long integer number to a N-dimensional vector of smaller integers (and fast inverse)?

    - by psihodelia
    Given a N-dimensional vector of small integers is there any simple way to map it with one-to-one correspondence to a large integer number? Say, we have N=3 vector space. Can we represent a vector X=[(int32)x1,(int32)x2,(int32)x3] using an integer (int48)y? The obvious answer is "Yes, we can". But the question is: "What is the fastest way to do this and its inverse operation?"

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  • How can I limit the number of registrants to an event?

    - by user356900
    I've set up a basic html/php submission form where people can register for our event, but need a way to replace the submission form webpage with one that reads something like "We have reached our registration limit" when we reach a certain number of submitted forms. Our database is MySQL (if that makes a difference) I've looked around on the web but people either say to count the entries by hand, or the ones that do have an automated system use CMS like drupal or joomla. Is it possible to setup an automated script that will do this?

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  • VLAN support on Juniper EX - 2200 switches

    - by liv2hak
    I have 6 Juniper switches (EX - 2200) connected to each other as shown in the network topology below. I have two PC's that I am using PC1 - (used for configuring the 6 switches via minicom) PC2 - to monitor the traffic between the switches via the Ports that are marked with arrows in the diagram. STEP 1: I create a new vlan On Switch 3 (SW3) that includes Port 12 and Port 22. I also assign l3-interface to the vlan (vlan_2) with ip address - 192.168.1.7. Now I plug-in Port 0 of Switch 3 on PC2. Now I try pinging 192.168.1.7 from PC2 (192.168.1.10) I want to know what will happen? My postulation is that I will not be able to ping SW3 from PC2.This is because SW3 (Port 12 and Port 22) is a part of a vlan_2 and vlan_2 logically breaks up broadcast domains and so 192.168.1.7 will not be reachable from 192.168.1.10. Now I have an l3-interface on SW1 with IP 192.168.1.1 using default vlan( vlan-id 0). Similarly I have enabled IP on SW2 - 192.168.1.2 SW3 - 192.168.1.3 SW4 - 192.168.1.4 SW5 - 192.168.1.5 SW6 - 192.168.1.6 all using default vlan. Now I plug in Port 12 of SW3 (blue cable) into the PC2. I try to ping 192.168.1.1 from PC2. What will happen at this stage.? My postulation is that I will be able to ping switch 1.Is this correct? Also another question is that can a single port on a Switch be added multiple VLANS? I am a beginner at network configuration? Any help would be highly appreciated. (Please ignore the CISCO symbol on the switches in the diagram.All swithes are Junper EX 22-00.)

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  • Cygwin, ssh, and git on Windows Server 2008

    - by Paul
    Hi everyone. I'm trying to setup a git repository on an existing Windows 2008 (R2) server. I have successfully installed Cygwin & added git and ssh to the packages, and everything works perfectly (thanks to Mark for his article on it). I can ssh to localhost on the server, and I can do git operations locally on the server. When I try to do either from the client, however, I get the "port 22, Bad file number" error. Detailed SSH output is limited to this: OpenSSH_4.6p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8e 23 Feb 2007 debug1: Connecting to {myserver} [{myserver}] port 22. debug1: connect to address {myserver} port 22: Attempt to connect timed out without establishing a connection ssh: connect to host {myserver} port 22: Bad file number Google tells me that this means I'm being blocked, usually, by a firewall. So, double-checked the firewall settings on the server, rule is there allowing port 22 traffic. I even tried turning off the firewall briefly, no change in behavior. I can ssh just fine from that client to other servers. The hosting company swears that there's no other firewalls blocking that server on port 22 (or any other port, they claim, but I find that hard to believe). I have another trouble ticket into them, just in case the first support person was full of it, but meanwhile I wanted to see if anyone could think of anything else it can be. Thanks, Paul

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  • Are HDMI to VGA Adapters Really Device-Specific?

    - by allquixotic
    There are a lot of devices on the market right now (especially mobile devices) with a Micro-HDMI or Mini-HDMI port and no VGA or D-Sub output. Most manufacturers of said devices sell a cable that looks something like this: I have yet to find a cable like this that claims to work on a wide array of devices. In general, these cables claim to work with one specific device only. The way these cables work, I think, is that analog VGA signals are sent from the HDMI port on the device. This should work for devices that have special hardware on the motherboard/GPU capable of driving this. Is it the case that these cables have to be custom designed for each device? Or, is it rather that any device which possesses this special "signaling of analog VGA over the HDMI port" can be made to work with a cable that is physically compatible (i.e. the HDMI end plugs into the device and the VGA end accepts a VGA monitor cable)? Note that I am not looking for a product recommendation, just a conceptual clarification on what exactly these devices are doing. Also, a few remarks: The cables like the one depicted here are not digital to analog converters. I know about these: they are expensive, and they are the ONLY solution if your device only outputs a digital signal and is incapable of driving analog VGA over the HDMI port. The cables like the one depicted here are not straight crossover cables from VGA to HDMI, either. The crossover cables are designed to send a digital HDMI signal over the VGA port's wires; that is, the wire protocol is HDMI (digital) but the physical pinout is the same as VGA, even though nothing analog is happening. Once again, this is not the behavior that, I believe, the devices which I'm talking about in this question are doing. The cabling and devices that this question is about transmit the analog VGA data over the HDMI port (the HDMI port is in the device outputting the data, and the VGA side is the monitor/projector).

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  • How to determine which ports are open/closed on a FIREWALL?

    - by Rahl
    It seems no one has asked this question before (most regard host-based firewalls). Anyone familiar with port scanning tools (e.g. nmap) knows all about SYN scanning, FIN scanning, and the like to determine open ports on a host machine. Question is though, how do you determine the open ports on a firewall itself (disregard whether the host you're trying to connect to behind the firewall has those particular ports open or closed). This is assuming the firewall is blocking your IP connection. Example: We all communicate with serverfault.com through port 80 (web traffic). A scan on a host would reveal port 80 is open. If serverfault.com is behind a firewall and still allows this traffic through, then we can assume the firewall has port 80 open also. Now let's assume the firewall is blocking you (e.g. your IP address is under the deny list or is missing in the allowed list). You know port 80 has to be open (it works for appropriate IP addresses), but when you (the disallowed IP) attempt any scanning, all port scan attempts on the firewall drop the packet (including port 80, which we know to be open). So, how might we accomplish a direct firewall scan to reveal open/closed ports on the firewall itself, while still using the disallowed IP?

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  • DD-WRT (WRT54G) and (THOMSON TG782) how to put them togather?

    - by FeRtoll
    Ok so let me explain, i bought WRT54G and successfully installed DD-WRT v24-sp1 (07/26/08) mini-special - build 9994. That's all ok no problems with it all normal functioning. And just to add (i don't need wireless, wireless is turned off always) What i want: ISP's router (TG782) from it's INTERNET port(out) cable "which was before in my pc" is connected to WRT54G's INTERNET port and then from WRT54G LAN port 1 to my pc. The problem: How do i connect and setup all? I have tried many times on many different ways but cant get it to work IF THE CABLE FROM TG782 IS CONNECTED TO WRT54G ON INTERNET PORT. If i connect the TG782 to Lan port 1 on WRT54G and my pc to lan port 2 then all works fine after i setup gateway and all. But i want to connect TG782 to Internet port of WRT54G because i need "Access Restrictions" and this only goes through WAN right? please correct me if i am wrong. What i have tried: This is how i have tried to setup all. The TG782 router ip is 192.168.1.1 And WRT54G ip is 192.168.1.30 so in WRT54G control panel i have setup like this: ----WAN Connection Type---- Connection Type: Automatic Configuration - DHCP STP: Disabled ----Router IP---- Local IP Address: 192.168.1.30 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Gateway: 192.168.1.1 (the TG782) ----Network Address Server Settings (DHCP)---- DHCP Type: DHCP Server Start IP Address: 192.168.1.100 Maximum DHCP Users: 6 And this wont work i probably miss something more, if anyone can help i would be thankfull. Also i have to note that i have tried to set my network adapter on pc to use the gateway of WRT54G and ip 192.168.1.102 In short: i cant get it to work normal only as a switch! Thanks for any help! -------EDIT:------- Here is an image which maybe can help: http://img27.imageshack.us/img27/4227/allin1w.jpg

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  • Abysmal transfer speeds on gigabit network

    - by Vegard Larsen
    I am having trouble getting my Gigabit network to work properly between my desktop computer and my Windows Home Server. When copying files to my server (connected through my switch), I am seeing file transfer speeds of below 10MB/s, sometimes even below 1MB/s. The machine configurations are: Desktop Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600 Windows 7 Ultimate x64 2x WD Green 1TB drives in striped RAID 4GB RAM AB9 QuadGT motherboard Realtek RTL8810SC network adapter Windows Home Server AMD Athlon 64 X2 4GB RAM 6x WD Green 1,5TB drives in storage pool Gigabyte GA-MA78GM-S2H motherboard Realtek 8111C network adapter Switch dLink Green DGS-1008D 8-port Both machines report being connected at 1Gbps. The switch lights up with green lights for those two ports, indicating 1Gbps. When connecting the machines through the switch, I am seeing insanely low speeds from WHS to the desktop measured with iperf: 10Kbits/sec (WHS is running iperf -c, desktop is iperf -s). Using iperf the other way (WHS is iperf -s, desktop iperf -c) speeds are also bad (~20Mbits/sec). Connecting the machines directly with a patch cable, I see much higher speeds when connecting from desktop to WHS (~300 Mbits/sec), but still around 10Kbits/sec when connecting from WHS to the desktop. File transfer speeds are also much quicker (both directions). Log from desktop for iperf connection from WHS (through switch): C:\temp>iperf -s ------------------------------------------------------------ Server listening on TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 8.00 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [248] local 192.168.1.32 port 5001 connected with 192.168.1.20 port 3227 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [248] 0.0-18.5 sec 24.0 KBytes 10.6 Kbits/sec Log from desktop for iperf connection to WHS (through switch): C:\temp>iperf -c 192.168.1.20 ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to 192.168.1.20, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 8.00 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [148] local 192.168.1.32 port 57012 connected with 192.168.1.20 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [148] 0.0-10.3 sec 28.5 MBytes 23.3 Mbits/sec What is going on here? Unfortunately I don't have any other gigabit-capable devices to try with.

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  • Network Misconfiguration when adding first host to new vSphere cluster

    - by dunxd
    I am building a new vSphere cluster from scratch. I have installed ESXi on the first host, and built a vCenter server on a VM residing on that host (storage is on the local hard drive, although we have iSCSI targets which I can reach from the host). The cluster is configured for HA. When I try and add the host to the cluster, I get an error at the point where HA is configured - Cannot complete the . I have stripped the network configuration of the host down to the most basic - a single NIC attached to a single vSwitch - this is running the VMKernel Port on VLAN 8 - that is our Management VLAN. The vCenter server will have a network address on this VLAN, so I also set the initial Virtual Machine Port Group to this VLAN, and connected the vCenter server NIC to this port group. I understand I can't connect the vCenter server to the VMkernel port group, but shouldn't I be able to connect the vCenter server to a Port Group in the same VLAN? If not, do I need to create a VLAN specifically for VMKernel Port Group? I plan to set up another port group for vMotion with a dedicated and isolated VLAN (i.e. VLAN isn't routed) so this wouldn't allow vCenter to communicate. Does anyone have any suggestions, or other ideas for what might be causing the problem. I've read through the documentation, but it isn't giving me any pointers, and the error message isn't helping me beyond telling me something is wrong with my network config.

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  • tap interfaces always disabled in linux bridge

    - by Dani Camps
    I have a physical interface eth0, and I want to create two virtual interfaces and bridge them with eth0. For this purpose I do: #Create the virtual interfaces tunctl -t tap0 tunctl -t tap1 ifconfig tap0 up ifconfig tap1 up #Create the bridge brctl addbr br0 brctl stp br0 off brctl addif br0 eth0 brctl addif br0 tap0 brctl addif br0 tap1 #Turning up the bridge ifconfig br0 up However my problem if that the tap interfaces always appear disabled in the bridge, and no traffic flows to them. $brctl show br0 bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.080027cabeba no eth2 tap0 tap1 $brctl showstp br0 br0 bridge id 8000.080027cabeba designated root 8000.080027cabeba root port 0 path cost 0 max age 20.00 bridge max age 20.00 hello time 2.00 bridge hello time 2.00 forward delay 15.00 bridge forward delay 15.00 ageing time 300.01 hello timer 0.00 tcn timer 0.00 topology change timer 0.00 gc timer 298.42 flags eth2 (1) port id 8001 state forwarding designated root 8000.080027cabeba path cost 4 designated bridge 8000.080027cabeba message age timer 0.00 designated port 8001 forward delay timer 12.97 designated cost 0 hold timer 1.24 flags tap0 (2) port id 8002 state disabled designated root 8000.080027cabeba path cost 100 designated bridge 8000.080027cabeba message age timer 0.00 designated port 8002 forward delay timer 0.00 designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00 flags tap1 (3) port id 8003 state disabled designated root 8000.080027cabeba path cost 100 designated bridge 8000.080027cabeba message age timer 0.00 designated port 8003 forward delay timer 0.00 designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00 flags Is there any way to set the tap interfaces in forwarding state? I do not understand why they are not because STP is disabled. Cheers Daniel

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  • Redirect local, not internal, requests using SuSEfirewall2 or an iptables rule

    - by James
    I have a server that is running a web application deployed on Tomcat and is sitting in a test network. We're running SuSE 11 sp1 and have some redirection rules for incoming requests. For example we don't bind port 80 in Tomcat's server.xml file, instead we listen on port 9600 and have a configuration line in SuSEfirewall2 to redirect port 80 to 9640. This is because Tomcat doesn't run as root and can't open up port 80. My web application needs to be able to make requests to port 80 since that is the port it will be using when deployed. What rule can I add so that local requests get redirected by iptables? I tried looking at this question: How do I redirect one port to another on a local computer using iptables? but suggestions there didn't seem to help me. I tried running tcpdump on eth0 and then connecting to my local IP address (not 127.0.0.1, but the actual address) but I didn't see any activity. I did see activity if I connected from an external machine. Then I ran tcmpdump on lo, again tried to connect and this time I saw activity. So this leads me to believe that any requests made to my own IP address locally aren't getting handled by iptables. Just for reference he's what my NAT table looks like now: Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination REDIRECT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http redir ports 9640 REDIRECT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:xfer redir ports 9640 REDIRECT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https redir ports 8443 Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination

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  • Cisco IOS BVI ACL: Only allow established UDP

    - by George Bailey
    Related: Cisco IOS ACL: Don't permit incoming connections just because they are from port 80 I know we can use the established keyword for TCP.. but what can we do for UDP (short of replacing a Bridge or BVI with a NAT)? Answer I found out what "UDP has no connection" means. DNS uses UDP for example.. named (DNS server) is lisenting on port 53 nslookup (DNS client) starts listening on some random port and sends a packet to port 53 of the server and notes the source port in that packet. nslookup will retry 3 times if necessary. Also the packets are so small that it does not have to worry about them coming in the wrong order. If nslookup receives a response on that port that comes from the servers IP and port then it stops listening. If the server tried to send two responses (for example a response and a response to the retry) then the server would not care if either of them made it because the client has the job to retry. In fact.. unless ICMP 3/3 packet gets through the server would not know about a failure. This is different from TCP where you get connection closed or timed out errors. DNS allows for an easy retry from the client as well as small packets.. so UDP is an excellent choice because it is more efficient. In UDP you would see nslookup sends request named sends answer In TCP you would see nslookup's machine sends SYN named's machine sends SYN-ACK nslookup's machine sends ACK and the request named's machine sends the response That is much more than is necessary for a tiny DNS packet

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  • WWNs,WWPNs and Fibre Channel addresses

    - by user238230
    Lots of contradictory on these subjects and I don't know why. My first question is about the 64 bit WWN. One reference claims the terms WWN and WWPN are synonymous. An online source seems to refute this. They say: A WWPN (world wide port name) is the unique identifier for a fibre channel port where a WWN (world wide name) the unique identifier for the node itself. A good example is a dual port HBA. There will be two WWPN's (one for each port) and only a single WWN for the card itself. Question #1: Which is correct? I’m almost positive I read that every “Port” has a WWN. My next question is about the 24 bit FC address that is dynamically allocated to a port when it is introduced to the switch. The Domain ID field is defined as: "a unique number provided to each switch in the fabric." Question #2: Do Domain IDs only apply to switch ports? For example what would the Domain ID be for a HBA? None? The same as the switch port it is connected to? Question #3: My last question is about the Name Server of a switch. A book example shows the routing of a message through the switch. It uses the WWNs of the source and destination ports to route the message. I am assuming that the Name Server must associate the WWN and the FC address in some way in order to route the message, correct?

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  • VLAN ACLs and when to go Layer 3

    - by wuckachucka
    I want to: a) segment several departments into VLANs with the hopes of restricting access between them completely (Sales never needs to talk to Support's workstations or printers and vice-versa) or b) certain IP addresses and TCP/UDP ports across VLANS -- i.e. permitting the Sales VLAN to access the CRM Web Server in the Server VLAN on port 443 only. Port-wise, I'll need a 48-port switch and another 24-port switch to go with the two existing 24-port Layer 2 switches (Linksys); I'm looking at going with D-Links or HP Procurves as Cisco is out of our price range. Question #1: From what I understand (and please correct me if I'm wrong), if the Servers (VLAN10) and Sales (VLAN20) are all on the same 48-port switch (or two stacked 24-port switches), afaik, the switch "knows" what VLANs and ports each device belongs to and will switch packets between them; I can also apply ACLs to restrict access between VLANs at this point. Is this correct? Question #2: Now lets say that Support (VLAN30) is on a different switch (one of the Linksys) switches. I'm assuming I'll need to trunk (tag) switch #2's VLANs across to switch #1, so switch #1 sees switch #2's VLAN30 (and vice-versa). Once Switch #1 can "see" VLAN30, I'm assuming I can then apply ACLs as stated in Question #1. Is this correct? Question #3: Once Switch #1 can see all the VLANs, can I achieve the seemingly "Layer 3" ACL filtering of restricting access to Server VLAN on only certain TCP/UDP ports and IP addresses (say, only permitting 3389 to the Terminal Server, 192.168.10.4/32). I say "seemingly" because some of the Layer 2 switches mention the ability to restrict ports and IP addresses through the ACLs; I (perhaps mistakenly) thought that in order to have Layer 3 ACLs (packet filtering), I'd need to have at least one Layer 3 switch acting as a core router. If my assumptions are incorrect, at which point do you need a Layer 3 switch for inter-VLAN routing vs. inter-VLAN switching? Is it generally only when you need that higher-level packet filtering ability between your departments?

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  • getting base url of web site's root (absolute/relative url)

    - by uzay95
    I want to completely understand how to use relative and absolute url address in static and dynamic files. ~ : / : .. : in a relative URL indicates the parent directory . : refers to the current directory / : always replaces the entire pathname of the base URL // : always replaces everything from the hostname onwards This example is easy when you are working without virtual directory. But i am working on virtual directory. Relative URI Absolute URI about.html http://WebReference.com/html/about.html tutorial1/ http://WebReference.com/html/tutorial1/ tutorial1/2.html http://WebReference.com/html/tutorial1/2.html / http://WebReference.com/ //www.internet.com/ http://www.internet.com/ /experts/ http://WebReference.com/experts/ ../ http://WebReference.com/ ../experts/ http://WebReference.com/experts/ ../../../ http://WebReference.com/ ./ http://WebReference.com/html/ ./about.html http://WebReference.com/html/about.html I want to simulate a site below, like my project which is working on virtual directory. These are my aspx and ascx folder http://hostAddress:port/virtualDirectory/MainSite/ASPX/default.aspx http://hostAddress:port/virtualDirectory/MainSite/ASCX/UserCtrl/login.ascx http://hostAddress:port/virtualDirectory/AdminSite/ASPX/ASCX/default.aspx These are my JS Files(which will be use both with the aspx and ascx files): http://hostAddress:port/virtualDirectory/MainSite/JavascriptFolder/jsFile.js http://hostAddress:port/virtualDirectory/AdminSite/JavascriptFolder/jsFile.js this is my static web page address(I want to show some pictures and run inside some js functions): http://hostAddress:port/virtualDirectory/HTMLFiles/page.html this is my image folder http://hostAddress:port/virtualDirectory/Images/PNG/arrow.png http://hostAddress:port/virtualDirectory/Images/GIF/arrow.png if i want to write and image file's link in my ASPX file i should write aspxImgCtrl.ImageUrl = Server.MapPath("~")+"/Images/GIF/arrow.png"; But if i want to write the path hard coded or from javascript file, what kind of url address it should be?

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  • PF, load balanced gateways, and Squid

    - by Santa
    Hi, So I have a FreeBSD router running PF and Squid, and it has three network interfaces: two connected to upstream providers (em0 and em1 respectively), and one for LAN (re0) that we serve. There is some load balancing configured with PF. Basically, it routes all traffic to ports 1-1024 through one interface (em0) and everything else through the other (em1). Now, I have a Squid proxy also running on the box that transparently redirects any HTTP request from LAN to port 3128 in 127.0.0.1. Since Squid redirects this request to HTTP outside, it should follow the load balancing rule through em0, no? The problem is, when we tested it out (by browsing from a computer in the LAN to http://whatismyip.com, it reports the external IP of the em1 interface! When we turn Squid off, the external IP of em0 is reported, as expected. How do I make Squid behave with the load balancing rule that we have set up? Here's the related settings in /etc/pf.conf that I have: ext_if1="em1" # DSL ext_if2="em0" # T1 int_if="re0" ext_gw1="x.x.x.1" ext_gw2="y.y.y.1" int_addr="10.0.0.1" int_net="10.0.0.0/16" dsl_ports = "1024:65535" t1_ports = "1:1023" ... squid=3128 rdr on $int_if inet proto tcp from $int_net \ to any port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port $squid pass in quick on $int_if route-to lo0 inet proto tcp \ from $int_net to 127.0.0.1 port $squid keep state ... # load balancing pass in on $int_if route-to ($ext_if1 $ext_gw1) \ proto tcp from $int_net to any port $dsl_ports keep state pass in on $int_if route-to ($ext_if1 $ext_gw1) \ proto udp from $int_net to any port $dsl_ports pass in on $int_if route-to ($ext_if2 $ext_gw2) \ proto tcp from $int_net to any port $t1_ports keep state pass in on $int_if route-to ($ext_if2 $ext_gw2) \ proto udp from $int_net to any port $t1_ports Thanks!

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  • How can I work around WinXP using ports 1025-5000 as ephemeral?

    - by Chris Dolan
    If you create a TCP client socket with port 0 instead of a non-zero port, then the operating system chooses any free ephemeral port for you. Most OSes choose ephemeral ports from the IANA dynamic port range of 49152-65535. However in Windows Server 2003 and earlier (including XP) Microsoft used ports 1025-5000 as the ephemeral range, according to their bind() documentation. I run multiple Java services on the same hardware. On rare occasions, this range collides with well-known ports that I use for other services (e.g. port 4160 for Jini discovery). While rare, this has caused real problems. Is there any easy way to tell Windows or Java to use a different port range for client sockets? Microsoft's docs indicate that I can change the high end of that range via the MaxUserPort TcpIP registry setting, but I see no way to change the low end. Update: I've made some progress on this. It looks like Microsoft has a concept of reserved ports that are exceptions to the ephemeral port range. There's a registry setting that lets you change this permanently and apparently there must be an API to do the same thing because there's a data structure that holds high/low values for reserved port ranges, but I can't find the actual function call anywhere... The registry solution may work, but now I'm fixated on this API.

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  • Give a reference to a python instance attribute at class definition

    - by Guenther Jehle
    I have a class with attributes which have a reference to another attribute of this class. See class Device, value1 and value2 holding a reference to interface: class Interface(object): def __init__(self): self.port=None class Value(object): def __init__(self, interface, name): self.interface=interface self.name=name def get(self): return "Getting Value \"%s\" with interface \"%s\""%(self.name, self.interface.port) class Device(object): interface=Interface() value1=Value(interface, name="value1") value2=Value(interface, name="value2") def __init__(self, port): self.interface.port=port if __name__=="__main__": d1=Device("Foo") print d1.value1.get() # >>> Getting Value "value1" with interface "Foo" d2=Device("Bar") print d2.value1.get() # >>> Getting Value "value1" with interface "Bar" print d1.value1.get() # >>> Getting Value "value1" with interface "Bar" The last print is wrong, cause d1 should have the interface "Foo". I know whats going wrong: The line interface=Interface() line is executed, when the class definition is parsed (once). So every Device class has the same instance of interface. I could change the Device class to: class Device(object): interface=Interface() value1=Value(interface, name="value1") value2=Value(interface, name="value2") def __init__(self, port): self.interface=Interface() self.interface.port=port So this is also not working: The values still have the reference to the original interface instance and the self.interface is just another instance... The output now is: >>> Getting Value "value1" with interface "None" >>> Getting Value "value1" with interface "None" >>> Getting Value "value1" with interface "None" So how could I solve this the pythonic way? I could setup a function in the Device class to look for attributes with type Value and reassign them the new interface. Isn't this a common problem with a typical solution for it? Thanks!

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  • Bladecenter-E Power Module fault

    - by Lihnjo
    We have problem on IBM Bladecenter-E Critical Events Power module 2 is off. DC fault. Power module 4 is off. DC fault. Warnings and System Events Insufficient chassis power to support redundancy What is the best solution for this problem? Thanks AMM Service Data Help SPAPP Capture Available 10/13/2010 17:03:47 1090347 bytes Time: 11/19/2012 11:02:31 UUID: 42E1 5D2F D7BF 41A6 A4A2 48D1 3FB7 0540 MAC Address xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx MM Information Name: nnnnn Contact: aaa, bbb, ccc, England Location: [email protected] IP address: 111.222.333.444 Date Time Information GMT offset: +1:00 - Central Europe Time (Western Europe, Algeria, Nigeria, Angola) Adjust for DST: Yes NTP: Enabled NTP Hostname/IP: 111.222.333.444 System Health: Critical System Status Summary One or more monitored parameters are abnormal. Critical Events Power module 2 is off. DC fault. Power module 4 is off. DC fault. Warnings and System Events Insufficient chassis power to support redundancy CHASSIS (BladeCenter-E) in CHASSIS slot: 01 TopoPath is "CHASSIS[1]". Description : BladeCenter-E Width : 1 Sub Type : BladeCenter (BC) Power Mode : 220 v KVM Owner : CHASSIS[1]/BLADE[9] MT Owner : CHASSIS[1]/MGMT_MOD[1] Component Type : CHASSIS Inventory: VPD ID: 336 (decimal) POS ID EXT: 0 (decimal) POS ID: 8 (decimal) Machine Type/Model: 86773RG Machine Serial Number: 99ZL816 Part Number: 39R8561 FRU Number: 39R8563 FRU Serial Number: YK109174W1HV Manufacturer ID: IBM Hardware Revision: 3 (decimal) Manufacture Date: 18 (wk), 07 (yr) UUID: 42E1 5D2F D7BF 41A6 A4A2 48D1 3FB7 0540 (hex) Type Code: 97 (decimal) Sub-type Code: 0 (decimal) IANA Num: 336 (decimal) Product ID: 8 (decimal) Manufacturer Sub ID: FOXC Enviroment data: -------------- Type: : POWER_USAGE Unit: : WATTS Reading: : 0xa Sensor Label: : Midplane Sensor ID: : 0x0 MGMT MOD (Advanced Management Module) in MGMT_MOD slot: 01 TopoPath is "CHASSIS[1]/MGMT_MOD[1]". Description : Advanced Management Module Name : kant Width : 1 Component Role : Primary Component Type : MGMT MOD Insert Time : 28050132 Inventory: VPD ID: 288 (decimal) POS ID EXT: 0 (decimal) POS ID: 4 (decimal) Part Number: 39Y9659 FRU Number: 39Y9661 FRU Serial Number: YK11836CE2RC Manufacturer ID: IBM Hardware Revision: 4 (decimal) Manufacture Date: 50 (wk), 06 (yr) UUID: 1D95 9937 8CA5 11DB 9499 0014 5EDF 1C98 (hex) Type Code: 81 (decimal) Sub-type Code: 1 (decimal) IANA Num: 20301 (decimal) Product ID: 65 (decimal) Manufacturer Sub ID: ASUS Firmware data: Type : AMM firmware Build ID : BPET50P File Name : CNETCMUS.PKT Release Date : 03/26/2010 Release Level : 50 Revision - Major: 80 Port info: ======================================================== Topology Path ID : 1 Label : External Phy Orientation : EXTERNAL Port Number : 1 Type : MGT Physical Meidum : Copper Number of Link Intferfaces : 1 ------------------------------------ Link Ifc ID Number : 1 Link Ifc Transport Protocol : ENET Link Ifc Addr Type : MAC Link Ifc Burned-in Addr : xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx Link Ifc Admin Addr : 00:00:00:00:00:00 Link Ifc Addr in use : xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx ---------------------------------------------------------- Configuration behaviors: Save Only Enviroment data: -------------- Type: : TEMPERATURE Unit: : DEGREES_C Reading: : 38.00 Sensor Label: : MM Ambient Sensor ID: : 0x0 -------------- Type: : VOLTAGE Unit: : VOLTS Reading: : +4.81 Sensor Label: : +5V Sensor ID: : 0x1b -------------- Type: : VOLTAGE Unit: : VOLTS Reading: : +3.26 Sensor Label: : +3.3V Sensor ID: : 0x19 -------------- Type: : VOLTAGE Unit: : VOLTS Reading: : +11.97 Sensor Label: : +12V Sensor ID: : 0x16 -------------- Type: : VOLTAGE Unit: : VOLTS Reading: : -4.88 Sensor Label: : -5V Sensor ID: : 0x1e -------------- Type: : VOLTAGE Unit: : VOLTS Reading: : +2.47 Sensor Label: : +2.5V Sensor ID: : 0x18 -------------- Type: : VOLTAGE Unit: : VOLTS Reading: : +1.76 Sensor Label: : +1.8V Sensor ID: : 0x15 -------------- Type: : POWER_USAGE Unit: : WATTS Reading: : 0x19 Sensor Label: : kant Sensor ID: : 0x0

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  • Quantifying the effects of partition mis-alignment

    - by Matt
    I'm experiencing some significant performance issues on an NFS server. I've been reading up a bit on partition alignment, and I think I have my partitions mis-aligned. I can't find anything that tells me how to actually quantify the effects of mis-aligned partitions. Some of the general information I found suggests the performance penalty can be quite high (upwards of 60%) and others say it's negligible. What I want to do is determine if partition alignment is a factor in this server's performance problems or not; and if so, to what degree? So I'll put my info out here, and hopefully the community can confirm if my partitions are indeed mis-aligned, and if so, help me put a number to what the performance cost is. Server is a Dell R510 with dual E5620 CPUs and 8 GB RAM. There are eight 15k 2.5” 600 GB drives (Seagate ST3600057SS) configured in hardware RAID-6 with a single hot spare. RAID controller is a Dell PERC H700 w/512MB cache (Linux sees this as a LSI MegaSAS 9260). OS is CentOS 5.6, home directory partition is ext3, with options “rw,data=journal,usrquota”. I have the HW RAID configured to present two virtual disks to the OS: /dev/sda for the OS (boot, root and swap partitions), and /dev/sdb for a big NFS share: [root@lnxutil1 ~]# parted -s /dev/sda unit s print Model: DELL PERC H700 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 134217599s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 63s 465884s 465822s primary ext2 boot 2 465885s 134207009s 133741125s primary lvm [root@lnxutil1 ~]# parted -s /dev/sdb unit s print Model: DELL PERC H700 (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 5720768639s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 34s 5720768606s 5720768573s lvm Edit 1 Using the cfq IO scheduler (default for CentOS 5.6): # cat /sys/block/sd{a,b}/queue/scheduler noop anticipatory deadline [cfq] noop anticipatory deadline [cfq] Chunk size is the same as strip size, right? If so, then 64kB: # /opt/MegaCli -LDInfo -Lall -aALL -NoLog Adapter #0 Number of Virtual Disks: 2 Virtual Disk: 0 (target id: 0) Name:os RAID Level: Primary-6, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3 Size:65535MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:7 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Number of Spans: 1 Span: 0 - Number of PDs: 7 ... physical disk info removed for brevity ... Virtual Disk: 1 (target id: 1) Name:share RAID Level: Primary-6, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-3 Size:2793344MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:7 Span Depth:1 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAdaptive, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Number of Spans: 1 Span: 0 - Number of PDs: 7 If it's not obvious, virtual disk 0 corresponds to /dev/sda, for the OS; virtual disk 1 is /dev/sdb (the exported home directory tree).

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  • In Cocoa (or maybe GUI development in general) how do you specify an arbitrary number of things tile

    - by RankWeis
    I'm new to creating GUI's, everything I've done up until this point is using the command line. I'm trying to create a port of minesweeper to the macintosh, as an experiment, and I've got the CLI working, but I'm running into walls everywhere with the gui. The first thing it seems I have to do, however, is be able to tile n x m 'boxes' for grid - and I'm not sure how to do that. The information is ready to be handed to it, but I don't know where to do it, or how. Also, if anyone has any recommendations for sites/Cocoa development books, feel free to drop them in here... Thanks!

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  • I have Oracle SQL Developer Installed, Now What?

    - by thatjeffsmith
    If you’re here because you downloaded a copy of Oracle SQL Developer and now you need help connecting to a database, then you’re in the right place. I’ll show you what you need to get up and going so you can finish your homework, teach yourself Oracle database, or get ready for that job interview. You’ll need about 30 minutes to set everything up…and about 5 years to become proficient with Oracle Oracle Database come with SQL Developer but SQL Developer doesn’t include a database If you install Oracle database, it includes a copy of SQL Developer. If you’re running that copy of SQL Developer, please take a second to upgrade now, as it is WAY out of date. But I’m here to talk to the folks that have downloaded SQL Developer and want to know what to do next. You’ve got it running. You see this ‘Connection’ dialog, and… Where am I connecting to, and who as? You NEED a database Installing SQL Developer does not give you a database. So you’re going to need to install Oracle and create a database, or connect to a database that is already up and running somewhere. Basically you need to know the following: where is this database, what’s it called, and what port is the listener running on? The Default Connection properties in SQL Developer These default settings CAN work, but ONLY if you have installed Oracle Database Express Edition (XE). Localhost is a network alias for 127.0.0.1 which is an IP address that maps to the ‘local’ machine, or the machine you are reading this blog post on. The listener is a service that runs on the server and handles connections for the databases on that machine. You can run a database without a listener and you can run a listener without a database, but you can’t connect to a database on a different server unless both that database and listener are up and running. Each listener ‘listens’ on one or more ports, you need to know the port number for each connection. The default port is 1521, but 1522 is often pretty common. I know all of this sounds very complicated Oracle is a very sophisticated piece of software. It’s not analogous to downloading a mobile phone app and and using it 10 seconds later. It’s not like installing Office/Access either – it requires services, environment setup, kernel tweaks, etc. However. Normally an administrator will setup and install Oracle, create the database, and configure the listener for everyone else to use. They’ll often also setup the connection details for everyone via a ‘TNSNAMES.ORA’ file. This file contains a list of database connection details for folks to browse – kind of like an Oracle database phoneboook. If someone has given you a TNSNAMES.ORA file, or setup your machine to have access to a TNSNAMES file, then you can just switch to the ‘TNS’ connection type, and use the dropdown to select the database you want to connect to. Then you don’t have to worry about the server names, database names, and the port numbers. ORCL – that sounds promising! ORCL is the default SID when creating a new database with the Database Creation Assistant (DBCA). It’s just me, and I need help! No administrator, no database, no nothing. What do you do? You have a few options: Buy a copy of Oracle and download, install, and create a database Download and install XE (FREE!) Download, import, and run our Developer Days Hands-on-Lab (FREE!) If you’re a student (or anyone else) with little to no experience with Oracle, then I recommend the third option. Oracle Technology Network Developer Day: Hands-on Database Application Development Lab The OTN lab runs on a A Virtual Box image which contains: 11gR2 Enterprise Edition copy of Oracle a database and listener running for you to connect to lots of demo data for you to play with SQL Developer installed and ready to connect Some browser based labs you can step through to learn Oracle You download the image, you download and install Virtual Box (also FREE!), then you IMPORT the image you previously downloaded. You then ‘Start’ the image. It will boot a copy of Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL), start your database, and all that jazz. You can then start up and run SQL Developer inside the image OR you can connect to the database running on the image using the copy of SQL Developer you installed on your host machine. Setup Port Forwarding to Make It Easy to Connect From Your Host When you start the image, it will be assigned an IP address. Depending on what network adapter you select in the image preferences, you may get something that can get out to the internet from your image, something your host machine can see and connect to, or something that kind of just lives out there in a vacuum. You want to avoid the ‘vacuum’ option – unless you’re OK with running SQL Developer inside the Linux image. Open the Virtual Box image properties and go to the Networking options. We’re going to setup port forwarding. This will tell your machine that anything that happens on port 1521 (the default Oracle Listener port), should just go to the image’s port 1521. So I can connect to ‘localhost’ and it will magically get transferred to the image that is running. Oracle Virtual Box Port Forwarding 1521 listener database Now You Just Need a Username and Password The default passwords on this image are all ‘oracle’ – so you can connect as SYS, HR, or whatever – just use ‘oracle’ as the password. The Linux passowrds are all ‘oracle’ too, so you can login as ‘root’ or as ‘oracle’ in the Linux desktop. Connect! Connect as HR to your Oracle database running on the OTN Developer Days Virtual Box image If you’re connecting to someone else’s database, you need to ask the person that manages that environment to create for you an account. Don’t try to ‘guess’ or ‘figure out’ what the username and password is. Introduce yourself, explain your situation, and ask kindly for access. This is your first test – can you connect? I know it’s hard to get started with Oracle. There are however many things we offer to make this easier. You’ll need to do a bit of RTM first though. Once you know what’s required, you will be much more likely to succeed. Of course, if you need help, you know where to find me

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  • July, the 31 Days of SQL Server DMO’s – Day 24 (sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats)

    - by Tamarick Hill
    The sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats Dynamic Management Function returns information about the IO, locking, and access methods for the indexes that you currently have on your SQL Server Instance. This function takes four input parameters which are (1) database_id, (2) object_id, (3) index_id, and (4) partition_number. Let’s have a look at the results from this function against our AdventureWorks2012 database. This function returns a ton of columns, so not only will I not attempt to describe each of the columns, I wont even attempt to display all of them here. My query below will give you a subset of the columns returned from this function. SELECT database_id, object_id, index_id, partition_number, leaf_insert_count, leaf_delete_count, leaf_update_count, leaf_ghost_count, nonleaf_insert_count, nonleaf_delete_count, nonleaf_update_count, range_scan_count, forwarded_fetch_count, row_lock_count, row_lock_wait_count, page_lock_count, page_lock_wait_count, Index_lock_promotion_attempt_count, index_lock_promotion_count, page_compression_attempt_count, page_compression_success_count FROM sys.dm_db_index_operational_stats(db_id('AdventureWorks2012'), NULL, NULL, NULL) The first four columns in the result set represent the values that we passed in as our input parameters. If you use NULL’s as I did, then you will see results for every index on your system. I specified a database_id so my result set only shows those records pertaining to my AdventureWorks2012 database. The next columns in the result set provide you with information on how may inserts, deletes, or updates that have taken place on your leaf and nonleaf index levels. The nonleaf levels would refer to the intermediate and root index levels. In the middle of these you see a leaf_ghost_count column, which represents the number of records that have been logically deleted and marked as “ghosted”  and are waiting on the background ghost cleanup process to physically remove them. The range_scan_count column represents the number of range or table scans that have been performed against an index. The forwarded_fetch_count column represents the number of rows that were returned from a forwarding row pointer. The row_lock_count and row_lock_wait_count represent the number of row locks that have been requested for an index and the number of times SQL has had to wait on a row lock respectively. The page_lock_count and page_lock_wait_count represent the number of page locks that have been requested for an index and the number of times SQL has had to wait on a page lock respectively. The index_lock_promotion_attempt_count represents the number of times the database engine has attempted to promote a lock to the index level. The index_lock_promotion_count column displays how many times that index lock promotion was successful. Lastly the page_compression_attempt_count and page_compression_success_count represents how many times a page was attempted to be compressed and how many times the attempt was successful. As you can see there is a ton of information returned from this DMV. The DMV we reviewed on yesterday (sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats) provided you with good information on when and how indexes have been used, but this DMF takes an even deeper dive into these statistics. If you are interested in performing a very detailed analysis on the operational stats of your indexes, this is not only a good place to start, but more than likely the best place. For more information on this Dynamic Management Function, please see the below Books Online link: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms174281.aspx Follow me on Twitter @PrimeTimeDBA

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  • How to get better at solving Dynamic programming problems

    - by newbie
    I recently came across this question: "You are given a boolean expression consisting of a string of the symbols 'true', 'false', 'and', 'or', and 'xor'. Count the number of ways to parenthesize the expression such that it will evaluate to true. For example, there is only 1 way to parenthesize 'true and false xor true' such that it evaluates to true." I knew it is a dynamic programming problem so i tried to come up with a solution on my own which is as follows. Suppose we have a expression as A.B.C.....D where '.' represents any of the operations and, or, xor and the capital letters represent true or false. Lets say the number of ways for this expression of size K to produce a true is N. when a new boolean value E is added to this expression there are 2 ways to parenthesize this new expression 1. ((A.B.C.....D).E) ie. with all possible parenthesizations of A.B.C.....D we add E at the end. 2. (A.B.C.(D.E)) ie. evaluate D.E first and then find the number of ways this expression of size K can produce true. suppose T[K] is the number of ways the expression with size K produces true then T[k]=val1+val2+val3 where val1,val2,val3 are calculated as follows. 1)when E is grouped with D. i)It does not change the value of D ii)it inverses the value of D in the first case val1=T[K]=N.( As this reduces to the initial A.B.C....D expression ). In the second case re-evaluate dp[K] with value of D reversed and that is val1. 2)when E is grouped with the whole expression. //val2 contains the number of 'true' E will produce with expressions which gave 'true' among all parenthesized instances of A.B.C.......D i) if true.E = true then val2 = N ii) if true.E = false then val2 = 0 //val3 contains the number of 'true' E will produce with expressions which gave 'false' among all parenthesized instances of A.B.C.......D iii) if false.E=true then val3=( 2^(K-2) - N ) = M ie. number of ways the expression with size K produces a false [ 2^(K-2) is the number of ways to parenthesize an expression of size K ]. iv) if false.E=false then val3 = 0 This is the basic idea i had in mind but when i checked for its solution http://people.csail.mit.edu/bdean/6.046/dp/dp_9.swf the approach there was completely different. Can someone tell me what am I doing wrong and how can i get better at solving DP so that I can come up with solutions like the one given above myself. Thanks in advance.

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