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  • Gaining information from nodes of tree

    - by jainp
    I am working with the tree data structure and trying to come up with a way to calculate information I can gain from the nodes of the tree. I am wondering if there are any existing techniques which can assign higher numerical importance to a node which appears less frequently at lower level (Distance from the root of the tree) than the same nodes appearance at higher level and high frequency. To give an example, I want to give more significance to node Book, at level 2 appearing once, then at level 3 appearing thrice. Will appreciate any suggestions/pointers to techniques which achieve something similar. Thanks, Prateek

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  • Conditional relation

    - by Lowgain
    I've got a model like this: Stem -id -etc And then I have Stemrelation -stem_id -related_stem_id -active I can get the related stems with the following relations class Stem < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :stemrelations has_many :related_stems, :through => :stemrelations end class Stemrelation < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :stem belongs_to :related_stem, :class_name => "Stem", :foreign_key => "related_stem_id" end But now I'd only like to get the active relations. I tried adding this to the Stem model: has_many :active_related, :through => :stemrelations, :source => :related_stem, :conditions => {:active => true} but this gives me an error becasue it tries to check the active flag on the stem model instead of the stemrelation. What do I change here? Thanks!

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  • What is an XYZ-complete problem?

    - by TheMachineCharmer
    EDIT: Diagram: http://www.cs.umass.edu/~immerman/complexity_theory.html There must be some meaning to the word "complete" its used every now and then. Look at the diagram. I tried reading previous posts about NP- My question is what does the word "COMPLETE" mean? Why is it there? What is its significance? N- Non-deterministic - makes sense' P- Polynomial - makes sense but the "COMPLETE" is still a mystery for me.

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  • curious ill conditioned numerical problem

    - by aaa
    hello. somebody today showed me this curious ill conditioned problem (apparently pretty famous), which looks relatively simple ƒ = (333.75 - a^2)b^6 + a^2 (11a^2 b^2 - 121b^4 - 2) + 5.5b^8 + a/(2^b) where a = 77617 and b = 33096 can you determine correct answer?

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  • ER Diagram flaws

    - by spacker_lechuck
    I have the following ER Diagram for a bank database - customers may have several accounts, accounts may be held jointly by several customers, and each customer is associated with an account set and accounts are members of one or more account sets. What design rules are violated? What modifications should be made and why? So far, a few flaws I'm not sure about are: 1) Redundant owner-address attribute in AcctSets Entity. 2) This ER does not include accounts with multiple owners with different addresses. My Question is: How would I go about fixing these flaws and/or other flaws that I may be missing from my analysis? Thanks!

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  • SOA design principles with regards to database relationships

    - by Eitan
    If I were to extricate my current membership provider from my solution, i.e. as a dll and expose it as a web service with it's own db, how would I model the relationships with regards to SOA design. For example I have a table: USER id, name, lastname, username, password, role. and table PRODUCT id, name, price, createdate, userid the foreign key being userid to table user. How would I model the relationship and/or query the db. If I wanted to get all products that were uploaded today for example, before I would query: SELECT u.name, u.lastname, u.username, p.* FROM PRODUCT p INNER JOIN USER u ON p.userid = u.id WHERE createdate = '05/05/2010' Now that I don't have the table within the database how would I perform this query? Thanks.

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  • Git dirctet acyclic graph - children know their parents but not the other way around

    - by dayscott
    Git is implemented as a directed acyclic graph. Children know their parents but not the other way round. This makes sense because i can reach every commit only through a branch or a tag ( generally speaking through a reference). That's how i traverse the tree. What other reasons had the developers of Git to make "the children know their parents but not the other way around"?/ What are the key benefits of this?

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  • What does the q in a q-grammar stand for?

    - by Aru
    So I've been reading sites and the classic books on compilers, reading about s-grammar and q-grammars I wondered what the s and q stand for, I think the s stands for simple grammar. While the q...well, I have no idea. What does the q in a q-grammar stand for?

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  • rails: has_many :through validation?

    - by ramonrails
    Rails 2.1.0 (Cannot upgrade for now due to several constraints) I am trying to achieve this. Any hints? A project has many users through join model A user has many projects through join model Admin class inherits User class. It also has some Admin specific stuff. Admin like inheritance for Supervisor and Operator Project has one Admin, One supervisor and many operators. Now I want to 1. submit data for project, admin, supervisor and operator in a single project form 2. validate all and show errors on the project form. Project has_many :projects_users ; has_many :users, :through => :projects_users User has_many :projects_users ; has_many :projects, :through => :projects_users ProjectsUser = :id integer, :user_id :integer, :project_id :integer, :user_type :string ProjectUser belongs_to :project, belongs_to :user Admin < User # User has 'type:string' column for STI Supervisor < User Operator < User Is the approach correct? Any and all suggestions are welcome.

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  • Finding the heaviest length-constrained path in a weighted Binary Tree

    - by Hristo
    UPDATE I worked out an algorithm that I think runs in O(n*k) running time. Below is the pseudo-code: routine heaviestKPath( T, k ) // create 2D matrix with n rows and k columns with each element = -8 // we make it size k+1 because the 0th column must be all 0s for a later // function to work properly and simplicity in our algorithm matrix = new array[ T.getVertexCount() ][ k + 1 ] (-8); // set all elements in the first column of this matrix = 0 matrix[ n ][ 0 ] = 0; // fill our matrix by traversing the tree traverseToFillMatrix( T.root, k ); // consider a path that would arc over a node globalMaxWeight = -8; findArcs( T.root, k ); return globalMaxWeight end routine // node = the current node; k = the path length; node.lc = node’s left child; // node.rc = node’s right child; node.idx = node’s index (row) in the matrix; // node.lc.wt/node.rc.wt = weight of the edge to left/right child; routine traverseToFillMatrix( node, k ) if (node == null) return; traverseToFillMatrix(node.lc, k ); // recurse left traverseToFillMatrix(node.rc, k ); // recurse right // in the case that a left/right child doesn’t exist, or both, // let’s assume the code is smart enough to handle these cases matrix[ node.idx ][ 1 ] = max( node.lc.wt, node.rc.wt ); for i = 2 to k { // max returns the heavier of the 2 paths matrix[node.idx][i] = max( matrix[node.lc.idx][i-1] + node.lc.wt, matrix[node.rc.idx][i-1] + node.rc.wt); } end routine // node = the current node, k = the path length routine findArcs( node, k ) if (node == null) return; nodeMax = matrix[node.idx][k]; longPath = path[node.idx][k]; i = 1; j = k-1; while ( i+j == k AND i < k ) { left = node.lc.wt + matrix[node.lc.idx][i-1]; right = node.rc.wt + matrix[node.rc.idx][j-1]; if ( left + right > nodeMax ) { nodeMax = left + right; } i++; j--; } // if this node’s max weight is larger than the global max weight, update if ( globalMaxWeight < nodeMax ) { globalMaxWeight = nodeMax; } findArcs( node.lc, k ); // recurse left findArcs( node.rc, k ); // recurse right end routine Let me know what you think. Feedback is welcome. I think have come up with two naive algorithms that find the heaviest length-constrained path in a weighted Binary Tree. Firstly, the description of the algorithm is as follows: given an n-vertex Binary Tree with weighted edges and some value k, find the heaviest path of length k. For both algorithms, I'll need a reference to all vertices so I'll just do a simple traversal of the Tree to have a reference to all vertices, with each vertex having a reference to its left, right, and parent nodes in the tree. Algorithm 1 For this algorithm, I'm basically planning on running DFS from each node in the Tree, with consideration to the fixed path length. In addition, since the path I'm looking for has the potential of going from left subtree to root to right subtree, I will have to consider 3 choices at each node. But this will result in a O(n*3^k) algorithm and I don't like that. Algorithm 2 I'm essentially thinking about using a modified version of Dijkstra's Algorithm in order to consider a fixed path length. Since I'm looking for heaviest and Dijkstra's Algorithm finds the lightest, I'm planning on negating all edge weights before starting the traversal. Actually... this doesn't make sense since I'd have to run Dijkstra's on each node and that doesn't seem very efficient much better than the above algorithm. So I guess my main questions are several. Firstly, do the algorithms I've described above solve the problem at hand? I'm not totally certain the Dijkstra's version will work as Dijkstra's is meant for positive edge values. Now, I am sure there exist more clever/efficient algorithms for this... what is a better algorithm? I've read about "Using spine decompositions to efficiently solve the length-constrained heaviest path problem for trees" but that is really complicated and I don't understand it at all. Are there other algorithms that tackle this problem, maybe not as efficiently as spine decomposition but easier to understand? Thanks.

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  • Throughput measurements

    - by dotsid
    I wrote simple load testing tool for testing performance of Java modules. One problem I faced is algorithm of throughput measurements. Tests are executed in several thread (client configure how much times test should be repeated), and execution time is logged. So, when tests are finished we have following history: 4 test executions 2 threads 36ms overall time - idle * test execution 5ms 9ms 4ms 13ms T1 |-*****-*********-****-*************-| 3ms 6ms 7ms 11ms T2 |-***-******-*******-***********-----| <-----------------36ms---------------> For the moment I calculate throughput (per second) in a following way: 1000 / overallTime * threadCount. But there is problem. What if one thread will complete it's own tests more quickly (for whatever reason): 3ms 3ms 3ms 3ms T1 |-***-***-***-***----------------| 3ms 6ms 7ms 11ms T2 |-***-******-*******-***********-| <--------------32ms--------------> In this case actual throughput is much better because of measured throughput is bounded by the most slow thread. So, my question is how should I measure throughput of code execution in multithreaded environment.

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  • Rating System Database Structure

    - by Harsha M V
    I have two entity groups. Restaurants and Users. Restaurants can be rated (1-5) by users. And rating fromeach user should be retrievable. Resturant(id, name, ..... , total_number_of_votes, total_voting_points ) User (id, name ...... ) Rating (id, restaurant_id, user_id, rating_value) Do i need to store the avg value so that it need not be calculated every time ? which table is the best place to store avg_rating, total_no_of_votes, total_voting_points ?

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  • has_many through a habtm relationship in Rails

    - by macek
    I'm trying to define a has_many X, :through => Y where Y is a habtm relationship. Rails is throwing a fit about this. See comment in user model: class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :posts # I want to display a list of all tags this user is involved in has_many :tags, :through => :posts # ERROR end class Post < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :tags end class Tag < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :posts end What can I do to fix this?

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  • efficacy of register allocation algorithms!

    - by aksci
    i'm trying to do a research/project on register allocation using graph coloring where i am to test the efficiency of different optimizing register allocation algorithms in different scenarios. how do i start? what are the prerequisites and the grounds with which i can test them. what all algos can i use? thank you!

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  • What is a data structure for quickly finding non-empty intersections of a list of sets?

    - by Andrey Fedorov
    I have a set of N items, which are sets of integers, let's assume it's ordered and call it I[1..N]. Given a candidate set, I need to find the subset of I which have non-empty intersections with the candidate. So, for example, if: I = [{1,2}, {2,3}, {4,5}] I'm looking to define valid_items(items, candidate), such that: valid_items(I, {1}) == {1} valid_items(I, {2}) == {1, 2} valid_items(I, {3,4}) == {2, 3} I'm trying to optimize for one given set I and a variable candidate sets. Currently I am doing this by caching items_containing[n] = {the sets which contain n}. In the above example, that would be: items_containing = [{}, {1}, {1,2}, {2}, {3}, {3}] That is, 0 is contained in no items, 1 is contained in item 1, 2 is contained in itmes 1 and 2, 2 is contained in item 2, 3 is contained in item 2, and 4 and 5 are contained in item 3. That way, I can define valid_items(I, candidate) = union(items_containing[n] for n in candidate). Is there any more efficient data structure (of a reasonable size) for caching the result of this union? The obvious example of space 2^N is not acceptable, but N or N*log(N) would be.

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  • What exactly are administrative redexes after CPS conversion?

    - by eljenso
    In the context of Scheme and CPS conversion, I'm having a little trouble deciding what administrative redexes (lambdas) exactly are: all the lambda expressions that are introduced by the CPS conversion only the lambda expressions that are introduced by the CPS conversion but you wouldn't have written if you did the conversion "by hand" or through a smarter CPS-converter If possible, a good reference would be welcome.

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  • Database that consumes less disk space

    - by Hugo Palma
    I'm looking at solutions to store a massive quantity of information consuming the less possible disk space. The information structure is very simple and the queries will also be very simple. I've looked at solutions like Apache Cassandra and relations databases but couldn't find a comparison where disk usage is mentioned. Any ideas on this would be great.

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  • determine if intersection of a set with conjunction of two other sets is empty

    - by koen
    For any three given sets A, B and C: is there a way to determine (programmatically) whether there is an element of A that is part of the conjunction of B and C? example: A: all numbers greater than 3 B: all numbers lesser than 7 C: all numbers that equal 5 In this case there is an element in set A, being the number 5, that fits. I'm implementing this as specifications, so this numerical range is just an example. A, B, C could be anything.

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  • How to randomize a sorted list?

    - by Faken
    Here's a strange question for you guys, I have a nice sorted list that I wish to randomize. How would i go about doing that? In my application, i have a function that returns a list of points that describe the outline of a discretized object. Due to the way the problem is solved, the function returns a nice ordered list. i have a second boundary described in math and want to determine if the two objects intersect each other. I simply itterate over the points and determine if any one point is inside the mathematical boundary. The method works well but i want to increase speed by randomizing the point data. Since it is likely that that my mathematical boundary will be overlapped by a series of points that are right beside each other, i think it would make sense to check a randomized list rather than iterating over a nice sorted one (as it only takes a single hit to declare an intersection). So, any ideas on how i would go about randomizing an ordered list?

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  • Are mathematical Algorithms protected by copyright?

    - by analogy
    I wish to implement an algorithm which i read in a journal paper in my software (commercial). I want to know if this is allowed or not. The algorithm in question is described in http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.2938 It is a very simple algorithm and a number of implementations exist in python (http://igraph.sourceforge.net/) and java. One of them is in gpl another which i got from a different researcher and had no license attached. There are significant differences in two implementations, e.g. second one uses threads and multiple cores. It is possible to rewrite/ (not translate) the algorithm. So can I use it in my software or on a server for commercial purpose. Thanks UPDATE: I am completely aware of copyright on the text of paper, it was published in phys rev E. I am concerned with use of the algorithm, in commercial software. Also the publication means that unless the patent has been already filed. The method has been disclosed publicly hence barring patent in future. Also the GPL implementation is not by authors themselves but comes from a third party. Finally i am not using the GPL implementation but creating my own using C++.

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