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  • Should Python import statements always be at the top of a module?

    - by Adam J. Forster
    PEP 08 states: Imports are always put at the top of the file, just after any module comments and docstrings, and before module globals and constants. However if the class/method/function that I am importing is only used in rare cases, surely it is more efficient to do the import when it is needed? Isn't this: class SomeClass(object): def not_often_called(self) from datetime import datetime self.datetime = datetime.now() more efficient than this? from datetime import datetime class SomeClass(object): def not_often_called(self) self.datetime = datetime.now()

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  • How to provide default argument as this object?

    - by atch
    I would like to have declaration like this: void Date::get_days_name(const Date& = this) which I would understand that if no argument is provided use this object as an argument. For some reason in VS I'm getting err msg: 'Error 1 error C2355: 'this' : can only be referenced inside non-static member ' Any idea what I'm doing wrong?

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  • Catching specific vs. generic exceptions in c#

    - by Scott Vercuski
    This question comes from a code analysis run against an object I've created. The analysis says that I should catch a more specific exception type than just the basic Exception. Do you find yourself using just catching the generic Exception or attempting to catch a specific Exception and defaulting to a generic Exception using multiple catch blocks? One of the code chunks in question is below: internal static bool ClearFlags(string connectionString, Guid ID) { bool returnValue = false; SqlConnection dbEngine = new SqlConnection(connectionString); SqlCommand dbCmd = new SqlCommand("ClearFlags", dbEngine); SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(dbCmd); dbCmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; try { dbCmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ID", ID.ToString()); dbEngine.Open(); dbCmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); dbEngine.Close(); returnValue = true; } catch (Exception ex) { ErrorHandler(ex); } return returnValue; } Thank you for your advice EDIT: Here is the warning from the code analysis Warning 351 CA1031 : Microsoft.Design : Modify 'ClearFlags(string, Guid)' to catch a more specific exception than 'Exception' or rethrow the exception

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  • C++ cast syntax styles

    - by palm3D
    A question related to Regular cast vs. static_cast vs. dynamic_cast: What cast syntax style do you prefer in C++? C-style cast syntax: (int)foo C++-style cast syntax: static_cast<int>(foo) constructor syntax: int(foo) They may not translate to exactly the same instructions (do they?) but their effect should be the same (right?). If you're just casting between the built-in numeric types, I find C++-style cast syntax too verbose. As a former Java coder I tend to use C-style cast syntax instead, but my local C++ guru insists on using constructor syntax. What do you think?

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  • iPhone programming guideline : List / detail / modify

    - by Oliver
    Hello, I have a program that displays a list (a TableView). When the user clicks an item, it's detail is shown. On the detail view, the user can ask to modify it so a modify window is shown. Here, the user can ask to delete the item. I would like at this time return to the list with the item deleted from the list and from the data source. There may be thousands of methods to do this, but I wonder which is the best / good one. Could you help me, and/or give me a good reference to read about this ? Thank you.

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  • How to accomplish covariant return types when returning a shared_ptr?

    - by Kyle
    using namespace boost; class A {}; class B : public A {}; class X { virtual shared_ptr<A> foo(); }; class Y : public X { virtual shared_ptr<B> foo(); }; The return types aren't covariant (nor are they, therefore, legal), but they would be if I was using raw pointers instead. What's the commonly accepted idiom to work around this, if there is one?

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  • Programming logic best practice - redundant checks

    - by eldblz
    I'm creating a large PHP project and I've a trivial doubt about how to proceed. Assume we got a class books, in this class I've the method ReturnInfo: function ReturnInfo($id) { if( is_numeric($id) ) { $query = "SELECT * FROM books WHERE id='" . $id . "' LIMIT 1;"; if( $row = $this->DBDrive->ExecuteQuery($query, $FetchResults=TRUE) ) { return $row; } else { return FALSE; } } else { throw new Exception('Books - ReturnInfo - id not valid.'); } } Then i have another method PrintInfo function PrintInfo($id) { print_r( $this->ReturnInfo($id) ); } Obviously the code sample are just for example and not actual production code. In the second method should I check (again) if id is numeric ? Or can I skip it because is already taken care in the first method and if it's not an exception will be thrown? Till now I always wrote code with redundant checks (no matter if already checked elsewhere i'll check it also here) Is there a best practice? Is just common sense? Thank you in advance for your kind replies.

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  • Surprise for a programmer [closed]

    - by penelope
    help! my boyfriend's birthday is next month. since he is a programmer, I'd love to make him a cake with the code for "happy birthday" (and perhaps something awesome) written in icing on top. not being a programmer myself, i have no idea where to begin. any suggestions would be greatly appreciated!

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  • How can I configure Xcode to put '{' where I want it in generated files

    - by djhworld
    I know this is a fairly contentious issue amongst programmers, but when developing I like my IDE to position the opening curly bracket underneath the method/interface/control declaration, for illustrative purposes: - This is how Xcode automatically generates skeleton methods with the { at the end: - -(void) isTrue:(BOOL)input { if(input) { return YES; } else { return NO; } } This is how I like to lay out my code (which I believe is called the Allman style): - -(void) isTrue:(BOOL)input { if(input) { return YES; } else { return NO; } } I'm just wondering if there's any configuration switch in Xcode to enable this style of development? It's really annoying when typing out if/else statements as it tends to auto-complete the else clause with the { at the end of the line which just looks silly if you like developing with them underneath. Or am I being unreasonable? Is Objective-C supposed to adhere to a standard defined by Apple?

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  • Developing a jQuery plugin that returns a given object, instead of jQuery object itself!

    - by mehdi5275
    Hi, Consider the following base code: (function($) { $.fn.myPlugin = function(settings) { return this.each(function() { //whatever }); }; }); The plugin returns a jQuery object. The question is how am I supposed to write a plugin that returns a custom object so that I can do something like this: var api = $('div.myelement').myPlugin(); api.onMyEventName(function(e, whateverParam) { //whatever }); It'd be highly appreciated if you could write some lines of code that describes me how to do that, how to call the onMyEventName function on a custom api object... Thanks.

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  • Adding the sum of numbers using a loop statement

    - by Deonna
    I need serious help dividing the positive numbers and the negative numbers. I am to accumulate the total of the negative values and separately accumulate the total of the positive values. After the loop, you are then to display the sum of the negative values and the sum of the positive values. The data is suppose to look like this: -2.3 -1.9 -1.5 -1.1 -0.7 -0.3 0.1 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.9 Sum of negative values: -7.8 Sum of positive values: 12 So far I have this: int main () { int num, num2, num3, num4, num5, sum, count, sum1; int tempVariable = 0; int numCount = 100; int newlineCount = 0, newlineCount1 = 0; float numCount1 = -2.3; while (numCount <= 150) { cout << numCount << " "; numCount += 2; newlineCount ++; if(newlineCount == 6) { cout<< " " << endl; newlineCount = 0; } } **cout << "" << endl; while (numCount1 <=2.9 ) { cout << numCount1 << " "; numCount1 += 0.4; newlineCount1 ++; } while ( newlineCount1 <= 0 && newlineCount >= -2.3 ); cout << "The sum is " << newlineCount1 << endl;** return 0; }

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  • Gracefully avoiding NullPointerException in Java

    - by Yuval A
    Consider this line: if (object.getAttribute("someAttr").equals("true")) { // .... Obviously this line is a potential bug, the attribute might be null and we will get a NullPointerException. So we need to refactor it to one of two choices: First option: if ("true".equals(object.getAttribute("someAttr"))) { // .... Second option: String attr = object.getAttribute("someAttr"); if (attr != null) { if (attr.equals("true")) { // .... The first option is awkward to read but more concise, while the second one is clear in intent, but verbose. Which option do you prefer in terms of readability?

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  • Python - what's your conventions to declare your attributes in a class ?

    - by SeyZ
    Hello, In Python, I can declare attributes all over the class. For example : class Foo: def __init__(self): self.a = 0 def foo(self): self.b = 0 It's difficult to retrieve all attributes in my class when I have a big class with a lot of attributes. Is it better to have the following code (a) or the next following code (b) : a) Here, it's difficult to locate all attributes : class Foo: def __init__(self): foo_1() foo_2() def foo_1(self): self.a = 0 self.b = 0 def foo_2(self): self.c = 0 b) Here, it's easy to locate all attributes but is it beautiful ? class Foo: def __init__(self): (self.a, self.b) = foo_1() self.c = foo_2() def foo_1(self): a = 0 b = 0 return (a, b) def foo_2(self): c = 0 return c In a nutshell, what is your conventions to declare your attributes in a class ?

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  • How does CouchDB perform for a regularly updated dataset?

    - by Ritesh M Nayak
    I am planning on using CouchDB on a project. But as the querying mechanism involves writing views (which are a lot like indexes on regular RDMBMS's) I was wondering, if the document database keeps getting updated a lot ( a write heavy database) would CouchDB perform well compared to a regular RDBMS? Or do we have to compact/re-index the system occasionally to make it perform faster?

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  • Are regexes really maintainable?

    - by Rich Bradshaw
    Any code I've seen that uses Regexes tends to use them as a black box: Put in string Magic Regex Get out string This doesn't seem a particularly good idea to use in production code, as even a small change can often result in a completely different regex. Apart from cases where the standard is permanent and unchanging, are regexes the way to do things, or is it better to try different methods?

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  • PHP reads 1.10 value as 1.1 (0 at end of variable not honored)

    - by adbox
    Hello, This is hard for me to word, but easier for me to demonstrate: I have a select option: <option <?php if($frequency[$key]=='1.10'){echo "selected";}?> value='1.10'>1 every 10 days</option> Really, $frequency[$key]=1.1; , but the above still shows up selected. I've never seen this before, and didnt know it could happen. Any ideas on how to prevent this? Working with php5. Thank you, Hudson

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  • Javascript clarity of purpose

    - by JesDaw
    Javascript usage has gotten remarkably more sophisticated and powerful in the past five years. One aspect of this sort of functional programming I struggle with, esp with Javascript’s peculiarities, is how to make clear either through comments or code just what is happening. Often this sort of code takes a while to decipher, even if you understand the prototypal, first-class functional Javascript way. Any thoughts or techniques for making perfectly clear what your code does and how in Javascript? I've asked this question elsewhere, but haven't gotten much response.

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  • Better way to write this Java code?

    - by Macha
    public void handleParsedCommand(String[] commandArr) { if(commandArr[0].equalsIgnoreCase("message")) { int target = Integer.parseInt(commandArr[1]); String message = commandArr[2]; MachatServer.sendMessage(target, this.conId, message); } else if(commandArr[0].equalsIgnoreCase("quit")) { // Tell the server to disconnect us. MachatServer.disconnect(conId); } else if(commandArr[0].equalsIgnoreCase("confirmconnect")) { // Blah blah and so on for another 10 types of command } else { try { out.write("Unknown: " + commandArr[0] + "\n"); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("Failed output warning of unknown command."); } } } I have this part of my server code for handling the types of messages. Each message contains the type in commandArr[0] and the parameters in the rest of commandArr[]. However, this current code, while working seems very unelegant. Is there a better way to handle it? (To the best of my knowledge, String values can't be used in switch statements, and even then, a switch statement would only be a small improvement.

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  • Which style of return is "better" for a method that might return None?

    - by Daenyth
    I have a method that will either return an object or None if the lookup fails. Which style of the following is better? def get_foo(needle): haystack = object_dict() if needle not in haystack: return None return haystack[needle] or, def get_foo(needle): haystack = object_dict() try: return haystack[needle] except KeyError: # Needle not found return None I'm undecided as to which is more more desirable myself. Another choice would be return haystack[needle] if needle in haystack else None, but I'm not sure that's any better.

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  • typeof === "undefined" vs. != null

    - by Thor Thurn
    I often see JavaScript code which checks for undefined parameters etc. this way: if (typeof input !== "undefined") { // do stuff } This seems kind of wasteful, since it involves both a type lookup and a string comparison, not to mention its verbosity. It's needed because 'undefined' could be renamed, though. My question is: How is that code any better than this approach: if (input != null) { // do stuff } As far as I know, you can't redefine null, so it's not going to break unexpectedly. And, because of the type-coercion of the != operator, this checks for both undefined and null... which is often exactly what you want (e.g. for optional function parameters). Yet this form does not seem widespread, and it even causes JSLint to yell at you for using the evil != operator. Why is this considered bad style?

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  • Omit return type in C++0x

    - by Clinton
    I've recently found myself using the following macro with gcc 4.5 in C++0x mode: #define RETURN(x) -> decltype(x) { return x; } And writing functions like this: template <class T> auto f(T&& x) RETURN (( g(h(std::forward<T>(x))) )) I've been doing this to avoid the inconvenience having to effectively write the function body twice, and having keep changes in the body and the return type in sync (which in my opinion is a disaster waiting to happen). The problem is that this technique only works on one line functions. So when I have something like this (convoluted example): template <class T> auto f(T&& x) -> ... { auto y1 = f(x); auto y2 = h(y1, g1(x)); auto y3 = h(y1, g2(x)); if (y1) { ++y3; } return h2(y2, y3); } Then I have to put something horrible in the return type. Furthermore, whenever I update the function, I'll need to change the return type, and if I don't change it correctly, I'll get a compile error if I'm lucky, or a runtime bug in the worse case. Having to copy and paste changes to two locations and keep them in sync I feel is not good practice. And I can't think of a situation where I'd want an implicit cast on return instead of an explicit cast. Surely there is a way to ask the compiler to deduce this information. What is the point of the compiler keeping it a secret? I thought C++0x was designed so such duplication would not be required.

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  • What is the best way to return two values from a method?

    - by Edward Tanguay
    When I have to write methods which return two values, I usually go about it as in the following code which returns a List<string>. Or if I have to return e.g. a id and string, then I return a List<object> and then pick them out with index number and recast the values. This recasting and referencing by index seems inelegant so I want to develop a new habit for methods that return two values. What is the best pattern for this? using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; namespace MultipleReturns { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string extension = "txt"; { List<string> entries = GetIdCodeAndFileName("first.txt", extension); Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", entries[0], entries[1]); } { List<string> entries = GetIdCodeAndFileName("first", extension); Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", entries[0], entries[1]); } Console.ReadLine(); } /// <summary> /// gets "first.txt", "txt" and returns "first", "first.txt" /// gets "first", "txt" and returns "first", "first.txt" /// it is assumed that extensions will always match /// </summary> /// <param name="line"></param> public static List<string> GetIdCodeAndFileName(string line, string extension) { if (line.Contains(".")) { List<string> parts = line.BreakIntoParts("."); List<string> returnItems = new List<string>(); returnItems.Add(parts[0]); returnItems.Add(line); return returnItems; } else { List<string> returnItems = new List<string>(); returnItems.Add(line); returnItems.Add(line + "." + extension); return returnItems; } } } public static class StringHelpers { public static List<string> BreakIntoParts(this string line, string separator) { if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(line)) return null; else { return line.Split(new string[] { separator }, StringSplitOptions.None).Select(p => p.Trim()).ToList(); } } } }

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  • please help me to find Bug in my Code (segmentation fault)

    - by Vikramaditya Battina
    i am tring to solve this http://www.spoj.com/problems/LEXISORT/ question it working fine in visual studio compiler and IDEone also but when i running in SPOJ compiler it is getting SEGSIGV error Here my code goes #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> char *getString(); void lexisort(char **str,int num); void countsort(char **str,int i,int num); int main() { int num_test; int num_strings; char **str; int i,j; scanf("%d",&num_test); for(i=0;i<num_test;i++) { scanf("%d",&num_strings); str=(char **)malloc(sizeof(char *)*num_strings); for(j=0;j<num_strings;j++) { str[j]=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*11); scanf("%s",str[j]); } lexisort(str,num_strings); for(j=0;j<num_strings;j++) { printf("%s\n",str[j]); free(str[j]); } free(str); } return 0; } void lexisort(char **str,int num) { int i; for(i=9;i>=0;i--) { countsort(str,i,num); } } void countsort(char **str,int i,int num) { int buff[52]={0,0},k,x; char **temp=(char **)malloc(sizeof(char *)*num); for(k=0;k<52;k++) { buff[k]=0; } for(k=0;k<num;k++) { if(str[k][i]>='A' && str[k][i]<='Z') { buff[(str[k][i]-'A')]++; } else { buff[26+(str[k][i]-'a')]++; } } for(k=1;k<52;k++) { buff[k]=buff[k]+buff[k-1]; } for(k=num-1;k>=0;k--) { if(str[k][i]>='A' && str[k][i]<='Z') { x=buff[(str[k][i]-'A')]; temp[x-1]=str[k]; buff[(str[k][i]-'A')]--; } else { x=buff[26+(str[k][i]-'a')]; temp[x-1]=str[k]; buff[26+(str[k][i]-'a')]--; } } for(k=0;k<num;k++) { str[k]=temp[k]; } free(temp); }

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