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  • Python/Numpy - Save Array with Column AND Row Titles

    - by Scott B
    I want to save a 2D array to a CSV file with row and column "header" information (like a table). I know that I could use the header argument to numpy.savetxt to save the column names, but is there any easy way to also include some other array (or list) as the first column of data (like row titles)? Below is an example of how I currently do it. Is there a better way to include those row titles, perhaps some trick with savetxt I'm unaware of? import csv import numpy as np data = np.arange(12).reshape(3,4) # Add a '' for the first column because the row titles go there... cols = ['', 'col1', 'col2', 'col3', 'col4'] rows = ['row1', 'row2', 'row3'] with open('test.csv', 'wb') as f: writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerow(cols) for row_title, data_row in zip(rows, data): writer.writerow([row_title] + data_row.tolist())

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  • Error when feeding a mysql db with a python-parsed data

    - by Barnabe
    I use this bit of code to feed some data i have parsed from a web page to a mysql database c=db.cursor() c.executemany( """INSERT INTO data (SID, Time, Value1, Level1, Value2, Level2, Value3, Level3, Value4, Level4, Value5, Level5, ObsDate) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)""", clean_data ) The parsed data looks like this (there are several hundred such lines) clean_data = [(161,00:00:00,8.19,1,4.46,4,7.87,4,6.54,null,4.45,6,2010-04-12),(162,00:00:00,7.55,1,9.52,1,1.90,1,4.76,null,0.14,1,2010-04-12),(164,00:00:00,8.01,1,8.09,1,0,null,8.49,null,0.20,2,2010-04-12),(166,00:00:00,8.30,1,4.77,4,10.99,5,9.11,null,0.36,2,2010-04-12)] if i hard code the data as above mySQL accepts my request (except for some quibbles about formatting) but if the variable clean_data is instead defined as the result of the parsing code, like this: cleaner = [(""" $!!'""", ')]'),(' $!!', ') etc etc] def processThis(str,lst): for find, replace in lst: str = str.replace(find, replace) return str clean_data = processThis(data,cleaner) then i get the dreaded "TypeError: not enough arguments for format string" After playing with formatting options for a few hours (I am very new to this) I am confused... what is the difference between the hard coded data and the result of the processThis function as fas as mySQL is concerned? Any idea greatly appreciated...

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  • python mock side_effect or return_value dependent on call_count

    - by user18380
    To test a polling function I want to mock the calling of a sub function so that the first time it is called it will fail, and the second time it is called it will succeed. Here's a very simplified version of it: poll_function(var1): value = sub_function(var1) # First call will return None while not value: time.sleep(POLLING_INTERVAL) value = sub_function(var1) # A subsequent call will return a string, e.g "data" return value Is this possible to do with a Mock object from the mock framework? I know Mock objects have a call_count attribute I should be able to use somehow. Right now I've solved it by creating a custom mock object that I use to monkey patch sub_function(), but I feel there should be a better less verbose way of doing it: def test_poll(): class MyMock(object): def __init__(self, *args): self.call_count = 0 def sub_function(self, *args, **kwargs): if self.call_count > 1: return "data" else: self.call_count += 1 return None my_mock = MyMock() with patch('sub_function', my_mock.sub_function): ok_(poll_function())

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  • Python Beautiful Soup .content Property

    - by Robert Birch
    What does BeautifulSoup's .content do? I am working through crummy.com's tutorial and I don't really understand what .content does. I have looked at the forums and I have not seen any answers. Looking at the code below.... from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup import re doc = ['<html><head><title>Page title</title></head>', '<body><p id="firstpara" align="center">This is paragraph <b>one</b>.', '<p id="secondpara" align="blah">This is paragraph <b>two</b>.', '</html>'] soup = BeautifulSoup(''.join(doc)) print soup.contents[0].contents[0].contents[0].contents[0].name I would expect the last line of the code to print out 'body' instead of... File "pe_ratio.py", line 29, in <module> print soup.contents[0].contents[0].contents[0].contents[0].name File "C:\Python27\lib\BeautifulSoup.py", line 473, in __getattr__ raise AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % (self.__class__.__name__, attr) AttributeError: 'NavigableString' object has no attribute 'name' Is .content only concerned with html, head and title? If, so why is that? Thanks for the help in advance.

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  • Python. Strange class attributes behavior

    - by Eugene
    >>> class Abcd: ... a = '' ... menu = ['a', 'b', 'c'] ... >>> a = Abcd() >>> b = Abcd() >>> a.a = 'a' >>> b.a = 'b' >>> a.a 'a' >>> b.a 'b' It's all correct and each object has own 'a', but... >>> a.menu.pop() 'c' >>> a.menu ['a', 'b'] >>> b.menu ['a', 'b'] How could this happen? And how to use list as class attribute?

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  • Text to a PNG on App Engine (Python)

    - by Bemmu
    Note: I am cross-posting this from App Engine group because I got no answers there. As part of my site about Japan, I have a feature where the user can get a large PNG for use as desktop background that shows the user's name in Japanese. After switching my site hosting entirely to App Engine, I removed this particular feature because I could not find any way to render text to a PNG using the image API. In other words, how would you go about outputting an unicode string on top of an image of known dimensions (1024x768 for example), so that the text will be as large as possible horizontally, and centered vertically? Is there a way to do this is App Engine, or is there some external service besides App Engine that could make this easier for me, that you could recommend (besides running ImageMagick on your own server)?

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  • Concatenation of many lists in Python

    - by Space_C0wb0y
    Suppose i have a function like this: def getNeighbors(vertex) which returns a list of vertices that are neighbors of the given vertex. Now i want to create a list with all the neighbors of the neighbors. I do that like this: listOfNeighborsNeighbors = [] for neighborVertex in getNeighbors(vertex): listOfNeighborsNeighbors.append(getNeighbors(neighborsVertex)) Is there a more pythonic way to do that?

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  • replacing values in formated file with python

    - by froggy
    I have a string see attached file like that and i would like to modify it using a function Giving section name parameter name and value to set Also in case i want to modify several parameters for a same section how can i have position in file to avoid scanning x time for a same section and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question an and other to pass my question d other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my questionand other to pass my question and other to pass my question

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  • Python Frequently Asked Questions

    - by Casebash
    After seeing this suggestion for creating tag homepages/FAQs, I thought it'd be best to go on ahead and start collecting links to frequently asked questions to demonstrate how this would work. Object Oriented Metaclasses Missing features Enums Tools Available IDEs?

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  • printing the instance in Python

    - by kame
    Hello! With this code: class Complex: def __init__(self, realpart, imagpart): self.real = realpart self.imag = imagpart print self.real, self.imag class Circle: def __init__(self, radius): print "A circle wiht the radius", radius, "has the properties:" print "circumference =", 3.14*radius print "area =", 3.14*radius**2 I get this output: >>> Complex(3,2) 3 2 <__main__.Complex instance at 0x01412210> But why does he print the last line?

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  • Normalising book titles - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I have a list of books titles: "The Hobbit: 70th Anniversary Edition" "The Hobbit" "The Hobbit (Illustrated/Collector Edition)[There and Back Again]" "The Hobbit: or, There and Back Again" "The Hobbit: Gift Pack" and so on... I thought that if I normalised the titles somehow, it would be easier to implement an automated way to know what book each edition is referring to. normalised = ''.join([char for char in title if char in (string.ascii_letters + string.digits)]) or normalised = '' for char in title: if char in ':/()|': break normalised += char return normalised But obviously they are not working as intended, as titles can contain special characters and editions can basically have very different title layouts. Help would be very much appreciated! Thanks :)

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  • How to stop attributes from being pickled in Python

    - by Ries
    I am using gnosis.xml.pickle to convert an object of my own class to xml. The object is initialized so that: self.logger = MyLogger() But when I do dump the object to a string I get an exception stating that the pickler encountered an unpickleable type . Is there a way to 'tag' the logger attribute so that pickler will know not to try and pickle that attribute?

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  • Python: why can't descriptors be instance variables?

    - by Continuation
    Say I define this descriptor: class MyDescriptor(object): def __get__(self, instance, owner): return self._value def __set__(self, instance, value): self._value = value def __delete__(self, instance): del(self._value) And I use it in this: class MyClass1(object): value = MyDescriptor() >>> m1 = MyClass1() >>> m1.value = 1 >>> m2 = MyClass1() >>> m2.value = 2 >>> m1.value 2 So value is a class attribute and is shared by all instances. Now if I define this: class MyClass2(object) value = 1 >>> y1 = MyClass2() >>> y1.value=1 >>> y2 = MyClass2() >>> y2.value=2 >>> y1.value 1 In this case value is an instance attribute and is not shared by the instances. Why is it that when value is a descriptor it can only be a class attribute, but when value is a simple integer it becomes an instance attribute?

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  • [Python] Tips for making a fraction calculator code more optimized (faster and using less memory)

    - by Logic Named Joe
    Hello Everyone, Basicly, what I need for the program to do is to act a as simple fraction calculator (for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) for the a single line of input, for example: -input: 1/7 + 3/5 -output: 26/35 My initial code: import sys def euclid(numA, numB): while numB != 0: numRem = numA % numB numA = numB numB = numRem return numA for wejscie in sys.stdin: wyjscie = wejscie.split(' ') a, b = [int(x) for x in wyjscie[0].split("/")] c, d = [int(x) for x in wyjscie[2].split("/")] if wyjscie[1] == '+': licz = a * d + b * c mian= b * d nwd = euclid(licz, mian) konA = licz/nwd konB = mian/nwd wynik = str(konA) + '/' + str(konB) print(wynik) elif wyjscie[1] == '-': licz= a * d - b * c mian= b * d nwd = euclid(licz, mian) konA = licz/nwd konB = mian/nwd wynik = str(konA) + '/' + str(konB) print(wynik) elif wyjscie[1] == '*': licz= a * c mian= b * d nwd = euclid(licz, mian) konA = licz/nwd konB = mian/nwd wynik = str(konA) + '/' + str(konB) print(wynik) else: licz= a * d mian= b * c nwd = euclid(licz, mian) konA = licz/nwd konB = mian/nwd wynik = str(konA) + '/' + str(konB) print(wynik) Which I reduced to: import sys def euclid(numA, numB): while numB != 0: numRem = numA % numB numA = numB numB = numRem return numA for wejscie in sys.stdin: wyjscie = wejscie.split(' ') a, b = [int(x) for x in wyjscie[0].split("/")] c, d = [int(x) for x in wyjscie[2].split("/")] if wyjscie[1] == '+': print("/".join([str((a * d + b * c)/euclid(a * d + b * c, b * d)),str((b * d)/euclid(a * d + b * c, b * d))])) elif wyjscie[1] == '-': print("/".join([str((a * d - b * c)/euclid(a * d - b * c, b * d)),str((b * d)/euclid(a * d - b * c, b * d))])) elif wyjscie[1] == '*': print("/".join([str((a * c)/euclid(a * c, b * d)),str((b * d)/euclid(a * c, b * d))])) else: print("/".join([str((a * d)/euclid(a * d, b * c)),str((b * c)/euclid(a * d, b * c))])) Any advice on how to improve this futher is welcome. Edit: one more thing that I forgot to mention - the code can not make use of any libraries apart from sys.

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  • Stock Symbols using python

    - by nimmyliji
    Hi all, Hi, I am looking for some stock symbol look-up API. I could able to query yahoo finance with a symbol & could able to retrieve the stock price & other details. Is there any API for stock symbol searches Any help would be great .. Thanks

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  • difference between 2 pieces Python code

    - by draw
    Hello, I'm doing an exercise as following: # B. front_x # Given a list of strings, return a list with the strings # in sorted order, except group all the strings that begin with 'x' first. # e.g. ['mix', 'xyz', 'apple', 'xanadu', 'aardvark'] yields # ['xanadu', 'xyz', 'aardvark', 'apple', 'mix'] # Hint: this can be done by making 2 lists and sorting each of them # before combining them. sample solution: def front_x(words): listX = [] listO = [] for w in words: if w.startswith('x'): listX.append(w) else: listO.append(w) listX.sort() listO.sort() return listX + listO my solution: def front_x(words): listX = [] for w in words: if w.startswith('x'): listX.append(w) words.remove(w) listX.sort() words.sort() return listX + words as I tested my solution, the result is a little weird. Here is the source code with my solution: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/559353/list1.py. You might want to try it out.

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  • Python ctypes in_dll string assignment

    - by ackdesha
    I could use some help assigning to a global C variable in DLL using ctypes. The following is an example of what I'm trying: test.c contains the following #include <stdio.h> char name[60]; void test(void) { printf("Name is %s\n", name); } On windows (cygwin) I build a DLL (Test.dll) as follows: gcc -g -c -Wall test.c gcc -Wall -mrtd -mno-cygwin -shared -W1,--add-stdcall-alias -o Test.dll test.o When trying to modify the name variable and then calling the C test function using the ctypes interface I get the following... >>> from ctypes import * >>> dll = windll.Test >>> dll <WinDLL 'Test', handle ... at ...> >>> f = c_char_p.in_dll(dll, 'name') >>> f c_char_p(None) >>> f.value = 'foo' >>> f c_char_p('foo') >>> dll.test() Name is Name is 48+? 13 Why does the test function print garbage in this case?

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  • String loops in Python

    - by Steve Hunter
    I have two pools of strings and I would like to do a loop over both. For example, if I want to put two labeled apples in one plate I'll write: basket1 = ['apple#1', 'apple#2', 'apple#3', 'apple#4'] for fruit1 in basket1: basket2 = ['apple#1', 'apple#2', 'apple#3', 'apple#4'] for fruit2 in basket2: if fruit1 == fruit2: print 'Oops!' else: print "New Plate = %s and %s" % (fruit1, fruit2) However, I don't want order to matter -- for example I am considering apple#1-apple#2 equivalent to apple#2-apple#1. What's the easiest way to code this? I'm thinking about making a counter in the second loop to track the second basket and not starting from the point-zero in the second loop every time.

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  • Skip subdirectory in python import

    - by jstaab
    Ok, so I'm trying to change this: app/ - lib.py - models.py - blah.py Into this: app/ - __init__.py - lib.py - models/ - __init__.py - user.py - account.py - banana.py - blah.py And still be able to import my models using from app.models import User rather than having to change it to from app.models.user import User all over the place. Basically, I want everything to treat the package as a single module, but be able to navigate the code in separate files for development ease. The reason I can't do something like add for file in __all__: from file import * into init.py is I have circular references between the model files. A fix I don't want is to import those models from within the functions that use them. But that's super ugly. Let me give you an example: user.py ... from app.models import Banana ... banana.py ... from app.models import User ... I wrote a quick pre-processing script that grabs all the files, re-writes them to put imports at the top, and puts it into models.py, but that's hardly an improvement, since now my stack traces don't show the line number I actually need to change. Any ideas? I always though init was probably magical but now that I dig into it, I can't find anything that lets me provide myself this really simple convenience.

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  • regular expression not behaving as expected - Python

    - by philippe
    I have the following function which is supposed to read a .html file and search for <input> tags, and inject a <input type='hidden' > tag into the string to be shown into the page. However, that condition is never met:( e.g the if statement is never executed. ) What's wrong with my regex? def print_choose( params, name ): filename = path + name f = open( filename, 'r' ) records = f.readlines() print "Content-Type: text/html" print page = "" flag = True for record in records: if re.match( '<input*', str(record) ) != None: print record page += record page += "<input type='hidden' name='pagename' value='psychology' />" else: page += record print page Thank you

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