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• Why do hosts prefer Linux to Windows Server?

  - by iconiK

  So far I see a HUGE majority of hosts provide only Linux shared hosting, providing Windows only to VPS (or even to only dedicated servers). Why is it so? While Windows is a lot more expensive than Linux (though it depends on a lot of factors, not just initial and support license cost), it also provides ASP.NET, IIS and of course, Microsoft SQL Server. I know in the past it might have been because of cPanel being Linux only but now they have a Windows version. But still, why is Linux predominantly used on shared hosting? PHP works on both systems. IIS can be (and probably is) faster. MySQL runs on both systems as well. cPanel has a Windows version. Python, Perl, Ruby, all run on Windows as well. You even have MS SQL Server Express, which I find more superior than MySQL in both speed and features. Access is there for low usage requirements, as is SQLite (which is so great for quick small stuff). And with PowerShell you have a good alternative to the Unix shell. EDIT: I am looking for common reasons, I realize each hosting company (and/or it's clients) may have different needs. This becomes very important when you get to VPS or Cloud which give you a full operating system to use.

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• Failing to load rootfs: Ubuntu 10 + grub2 + rootfs ext4 w/ RAID1

  - by James

  I am having problems booting a new Ubuntu 10 (server) install. My primary HD (/dev/sda) is laid out as follows: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 18 144553+ 83 Linux <-- /BOOT /dev/sda2 19 182401 1464991447+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 19 2207 17583111 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda6 2208 11934 78132096 fd Linux raid autodetect <-- / (ROOTFS) /dev/sda7 11935 182401 1369276146 fd Linux raid autodetect The rootfs is part of a RAID1 (software) array (currently degraded): # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md2 : active raid1 sda6[1] 78132032 blocks [2/1] [_U] The UUIDs for the partitions are as follows: # blkid /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: UUID="b25dd301-41b9-4f4d-9b0a-0e31713dd74c" TYPE="ext2" # blkid /dev/sda6 /dev/sda6: UUID="af7b9ede-fa53-c0c1-74be-31ec752c5cd5" TYPE="linux_raid_member" # blkid /dev/md2 /dev/md2: UUID="a0602d42-6855-482f-870c-6f6ecdcdae3f" TYPE="ext4" Finally, I have my grub2 menuentry setup as follows: ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-25-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod ext2 insmod raid insmod mdraid set root='(hd0,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set b25dd301-41b9-4f4d-9b0a-0e31713dd74c linux /vmlinuz-2.6.32-25-server root=UUID=a0602d42-6855-482f-870c-6f6ecdcdae3f ro nosplash noplymouth initrd /initrd.img-2.6.32-25-server } When I attempt to boot, grub loads OK, however I eventually get the following error message: Gave up waiting for root device. ALERT /dev/disk/by-uuid/a0602d42-6855-482f-870c-6f6ecdcdae3f does not exist. Dropping to a shell! If from the grub bootloader I open a grub command line, I can ls (hd0,) and it lists the correct partitions with the UUIDs as shown above - sda6 shows 'a0602d42-6855-482f-870c-6f6ecdcdae3f' (the RAID UUID). If I ls (md2)/ it properly lists all the files on the RAID1 filesystem (ext4) so it doesn't appear to be an issue accessing the raid device. Does anyone have any suggestions as to what the problem might be? I can't figure this one out.

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• SSH Interactive mode not working

  - by Ekin Koc

  I have a Debian based linux server running for a year or so, without any problems. A couple of days ago, ssh interactive mode stopped working for no reason. I mean, I can open an ssh connection just fine, the server greets me with shell but I just can't type anything. However, if I send commands like this: ssh [email protected] cat /var/log/messages, I get the response. I dug through several logs and found one message, which feels remotely relevant to the problem; sh kernel: [10222733.062511] ------------[ cut here ]------------ sh kernel: [10222733.062522] WARNING: at /build/buildd-linux-2.6_2.6.32-39-amd64-7yVIH2/linux-2.6-2.6.32/debian/build/source_amd64_none/drivers/char/tty_ldisc.c:738 tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b() sh kernel: [10222733.062526] Hardware name: PowerEdge R210 II sh kernel: [10222733.062528] Modules linked in: ipt_MASQUERADE iptable_nat nf_nat nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv4 ip_tables x_tables sha1_generic arc4 ecb ppp_mppe ppp_async crc_ccitt ppp_generic slhc loop snd_pcm snd_timer snd soundcore snd_page_alloc i2c_i801 i2c_core pcspkr evdev joydev dcdbas container button processor ext3 jbd mbcache sg sd_mod sr_mod crc_t10dif cdrom usb_storage usbhid hid mpt2sas ahci ehci_hcd libata scsi_transport_sas usbcore bnx2 nls_base scsi_mod fan thermal thermal_sys [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan] sh kernel: [10222733.062568] Pid: 8662, comm: sshd Not tainted 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 sh kernel: [10222733.062569] Call Trace: sh kernel: [10222733.062572] [<ffffffff811ff056>] ? tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b sh kernel: [10222733.062574] [<ffffffff811ff056>] ? tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b Is there any way to get back the sshd working in interactive mode? I tried restarting sshd but that is no help. And somehow, I can not reboot the server. Tried sending shutdown -r now and reboot but it refuses to go down. Should I go ahead and request a physical reboot?

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• How do I enable additional debugging output from Ansible and Vagrant?

  - by Brian Lyttle

  I'm investigating Ansible for server and application provisioning. My application is currently provisioned with shell scripts in Vagrant. Rather than rewrite my scripts I've taken a sample and attempted to deploy it. It appears to deploy fine, but I've seeing a failure message after what looks like a series of successful steps: » vagrant provision ~/vm/blvagrant 1 ? [default] Running provisioner: ansible... PLAY [web-servers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.9.149] TASK: [install python-software-properties] ************************************ ok: [192.168.9.149] => {"changed": false, "item": ""} TASK: [add nginx ppa if it ubuntu 10.04 and up] ******************************* ok: [192.168.9.149] => {"changed": false, "item": "", "repo": "ppa:nginx/stable", "state": "present"} TASK: [update apt repo] ******************************************************* ok: [192.168.9.149] => {"changed": false, "item": ""} TASK: [install nginx] ********************************************************* ok: [192.168.9.149] => {"changed": false, "item": ""} TASK: [copy fixed init for nginx] ********************************************* ok: [192.168.9.149] => {"changed": false, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "item": "", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/etc/init.d/nginx", "size": 2321, "state": "file", "uid": 0} TASK: [service nginx] ********************************************************* ok: [192.168.9.149] => {"changed": false, "item": "", "name": "nginx", "state": "started"} TASK: [write nginx.conf] ****************************************************** ok: [192.168.9.149] => {"changed": false, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "item": "", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "path": "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf", "size": 1067, "state": "file", "uid": 0} PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.9.149 : ok=8 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 Ansible failed to complete successfully. Any error output should be visible above. Please fix these errors and try again. How do I go about getting additional debug information? I've already added ansible.verbose = true to my vagrant config which results in the dictionaries being displayed within the output above.

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• Can't open cocoa emacs from terminal using open -a

  - by Shane

  I installed emacs on my macbook air running os x 10.6.5 from this site http://emacsformacosx.com/. I believe this is what used to be called cocoa emacs. I dragged it into my Application folder and it works fine when i run it from there. I want to be able to run it from terminal. After some googling, i tried open -a /Application/Emacs.app foo.txt (foo.txt was and existing file). I got two emacs windows - one with welcome screen and one with foo.txt loaded. I tried a few applications in the /Applications directory and they did not seem to behave like this. I had installed it using my own account (an admin account) so after doing ls -l on /Application I noticed that the owner and group were different from the other entries in this folder. I recursively changed the owner and group to root and wheel, like the others, but this did not help. The only thing that looks funny now is that there that ls -l show a @ character which has something to do with extended attributes but i don't know how to check these. Any suggestions on what to check next? Is using the open command the only to run the program? Can I simulate what it does using a shell script?

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• Spring-mvc project can't select from a particular mysql table

  - by Dan Ray

  I'm building a Spring-mvc project (using JPA and Hibernate for DB access) that is running just great locally, on my dev box, with a local MySQL database. Now I'm trying to put a snapshot up on a staging server for my client to play with, and I'm having trouble. Tomcat (after some wrestling) deploys my war file without complaint, and I can get some response from the application over the browser. When I hit my main page, which is behind Spring Security authentication, it redirects me to the login page, which works perfectly. I have Security configured to query the database for user details, and that works fine. In fact, a change to a password in the database is reflected in the behavior of the login form, so I'm confident it IS reaching the database and querying the user table. Once authenticated, we go to the first "real" page of the app, and I get a "data access failure" error. The server's console log gets this line (redacted): ERROR org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter - SELECT command denied to user 'myDbUser'@'localhost' for table 'asset' However, if I go to MySQL from the shell using exactly the same creds, I have no problem at all selecting from the asset table: [development@tomcat01stg]$ mysql -u myDbUser -pmyDbPwd dbName ... mysql> \s -------------- mysql Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.77, for redhat-linux-gnu (i686) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 199 Current database: dbName Current user: myDbUser@localhost ... UNIX socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -------------- mysql> select count(*) from asset; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 19 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) I've broken down my MySQL access settings, cleaned out the user and re-run the grant commands, set up a version of the user from 'localhost' and another from '%', making sure to flush permissions.... Nothing is changing the behavior of this thing. What gives?

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• Moving hidden files/folders with the command-line or batch-file

  - by Synetech

  Question Does anyone know of a way to move files and folders that have the hidden, system, or read-only attribute set from the command-line or a batch file? (No, stripping the attributes first is not an option since there is no practical way to know which attributes were set in order to re-set them after the move.) (Failed) Attempts Using the basic move command does not work with items with the hidden or system attribute set and for some reason, it does not have switches to specify attributes like the dir and del commands do. I tried using a utility I wrote that uses the shell’s file operation function, but that requires using start /w to prevent the batch file from running on ahead, and it complains about long-filename support for some reason. I tried using robocopy, but it first copies the files and then deletes the originals instead of simply moving the source (which results in a frustrating delay, even with the excessive output redirected to nul). (Surprisingly it seems that few people have ever needed to move hidden files from the command-line. All I could find was this one person who abandoned the attempt.)

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• Migrating JBoss installation and install it on a PHP server

  - by David Martinez

  I'm configuring a new dedicated server that is going to run 3 sites, 2 of then are migrating from a old server. Each site have it's own domain and dedicated ip. 2 of this sites are already up and running on php (one of then use cakePHP), the third site is a migration from an old server and it runs on JBoss. 1) Is it possible to have both Jboss and php running on the same Apache instance, or would I have to install a new one? 2) Can I just move the old JBoss server directory to the new server and start the server with the shell script? From what I red here JBoss is distributed as a zip/tgz file with the server structure, so moving it from the old server to the new one should be the same. I want to do this because the old server is already configured, and it have 2 JBoss instances. I didn't develop this site and I don't have experience with JBoss. I have some documentation of the site, but it is not much, mostly server structure and the technology they used. The new server runs on CentOS with CPanel, I have full root access to the server. This question is similar to this one How can I run JBoss Application Server and Apache on the same server? but there he didn't have a dedicated IP for each domain.

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• configuring lighttpd for large downloads

  - by ahmedre

  i run a web site that hosts pages that are just general scripts (php, etc) and mp3 downloads (some of which are fairly large - up to 200mb). i am running lighttpd on the servers on linux (ubuntu 64). everything is fine, but under high load, the server is not accessible (or very slow - even sshing in takes a while), and i am guessing this is due to a huge number of mp3 downloads at that time. consequently, dns sees the server as down and redirects all the traffic to the other servers, and after a while, it comes back up and things work again. so what's the best way to fix this? ideally, i want the server to continue running (and the web pages - php etc - to always work, but downloads don't always have to work). should i just have 2 web servers running (one for the downloads and one for the php pages), or is it perhaps something i can fix in my lighttpd configuration? here are the snippets from my configuration: server.max-worker = 4 server.max-fds = 2048 server.max-keep-alive-requests = 4 server.max-keep-alive-idle = 4 server.stat-cache-engine = "fam" fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => (( "bin-path" => "/usr/bin/php-cgi", "socket" => "/tmp/php.socket", "max-procs" => 1, "idle-timeout" => 20, "bin-environment" => ( "PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN" => "64", "PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS" => "1000" ), "bin-copy-environment" => ( "PATH", "SHELL", "USER" ), "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable" )) ) # normal php site $HTTP["host"] =~ "bar.com" { server.document-root = "/usr/local/www/sites/bar.com/" accesslog.filename = "|/usr/sbin/cronolog /var/log/lighttpd/%m/%d/%H/bar.log" } # download site $HTTP["host"] =~ "(download|stream).foo.com" { server.document-root = "/home/audio/" dir-listing.activate = "enable" dir-listing.hide-dotfiles = "enable" evasive.max-conns-per-ip = 1 evasive.silent = "enable" # connection.kbytes-per-second = 256 accesslog.filename = "|/usr/sbin/cronolog /var/log/lighttpd/%m/%d/%H/download.log" }

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• Determine if the "yes" is necessary when doing an SCP

  - by glowcoder

  I'm writing a Groovy script to do an SCP. Note that I haven't ran it yet, because the rest of it isn't finished. Now, if you're doing an scp for the first time, have to authenticate the fingerprint. Future times, you don't. My current solution is, because I get 3 tries for the password, and I really only need 1 (it's not like the script will mistype the password... if it's wrong, it's wrong!) is to pipe in "yes" as the first password attempt. This way, it will accept the fingerprint if necessary, and use the correct password as the first attempt. If it didn't need it, it puts yes as the first attempt and the correct as the second. However, I feel this is not a very robust solution, and I know if I were a customer I would not like seeing "incorrect password" in my output. Especially if it fails for another reason, it would be an incredibly annoying misnomer. What follows is the appropriate section of the script in question. I am open to any tactics that involve using scp (or accomplishing the file transfer) in a different way. I just want to get the job done. I'm even open to shell scripting, although I'm not the best at it. def command = [] command.add('scp') command.add(srcusername + '@' + srcrepo + ':' + srcpath) command.add(tarusername + '@' + tarrepo + ':' + tarpath) def process = command.execute() process.consumeOutput(out) process << "yes" << LS << tarpassword << LS process << "yes" << LS << srcpassword << LS process.waitfor() Thanks so much, glowcoder

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• Is there a faster way to change default apps associated with file types on OS X?

  - by Lri

  Is there anything more convenient than using RCDefaultApp or Magic Launch, or just repeatedly pressing the Change All buttons in Finder's information panels? I thought about writing a shell script that would modify the CFBundleDocumentTypes arrays in Info.plist files. But each app has multiple keys (sometimes an icon) that would need to be changed. lsregister can't be used to make specific modifications to the Launch Services database. $ `locate lsregister` -h lsregister: [OPTIONS] [ <path>... ] [ -apps <domain>[,domain]... ] [ -libs <domain>[,domain]... ] [ -all <domain>[,domain]... ] Paths are searched for applications to register with the Launch Service database. Valid domains are "system", "local", "network" and "user". Domains can also be specified using only the first letter. -kill Reset the Launch Services database before doing anything else -seed If database isn't seeded, scan default locations for applications and libraries to register -lint Print information about plist errors while registering bundles -convert Register apps found in older LS database files -lazy n Sleep for n seconds before registering/scanning -r Recursive directory scan, do not recurse into packages or invisible directories -R Recursive directory scan, descending into packages and invisible directories -f force-update registration even if mod date is unchanged -u unregister instead of register -v Display progress information -dump Display full database contents after registration -h Display this help

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• Understanding !d command in sed with respect to saves

  - by richardh

  I have a directory of tab-delimited text files and some have comments in the first few lines that I would like to delete. I know that the first good line starts with "Mark" so I can use /^Mark/,$!d to delete these comments. After this deletion I have several other replacements that I make in the (new) first line that has variable names. My question is, why do I have to save sed's output to get my script to work? I understand that if I line is deleted, then the output doesn't proceed downstream because there is no output. But if I don't delete (i.e., !d) then why do I have to save to file? Thanks! Here is my shell script. (I'm a sed newbie, so any other feedback is also appreciated.) #!/bin/bash for file in *.txt; do mv $file $file.old1 sed -e '/^Mark/,$!d' $file.old1 > $file.old2 sed -e '1s/\([Ss]\)hareholder/\1hrhldr/g'\ -e '1s/\([Ii]\)mmediate/\1mmdt/g'\ -e '1s/\([Nn]\)umber/\1o/g'\ -e '1s/\([Cc]\)ompany/\1o/g'\ -e '1s/\([Ii]\)nformation/\1nfo/g'\ -e '1s/\([Pp]\)ercentage/\1ct/g'\ -e '1s/\([Dd]\)omestic/\1om/g'\ -e '1s/\([Gg]\)lobal/\1lbl/g'\ -e '1s/\([Cc]\)ountry/\1ntry/g'\ -e '1s/\([Ss]\)ource/\1rc/g'\ -e '1s/\([Oo]\)wnership/\1wnrshp/g'\ -e '1s/\([Uu]\)ltimate/\1ltmt/g'\ -e '1s/\([Ii]\)ncorporation/\1ncorp/g'\ -e '1s/\([Tt]\)otal/\1ot/g'\ -e '1s/\([Dd]\)irect/\1ir/g'\ $file.old2 > $file rm -f $file.old* done

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• Reading log files from web application

  - by Egorinsk

  I want to write a small PHP application for monitoring logs on a Debian server, including syslog logs and Apache/PHP messages. The problem here is that Apache user (www-data) has no access to /var/log directory. What would be the best way to grant an access to logs for PHP application? Let's assume that log files can be really large, like hundreds of megabytes. I have some ideas: Write a shell script that would be run via sudo and tail last 512 Kb of log into a separate file that can be read by application - that's ineffective, because of forking a new process and having to read data twice Add www-data to adm group (that can read logs) - that's insecure Start a PHP process via cron every minute to read logs — that's not very good, because it doesn't allow real-time monitoring. Also, this script will be started even when I don't read logs, and consume CPU time (server is in the cloud, and I'll have to pay for it) Create a hardlink for all log files with lowered permissions - I guess, that won't work because logrotate could recreate log files and they'll change inode number. Start a separate nginx/Apache server under privileged user that may read logs. Maybe anyone got a better solution?

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• How to encourage Windows administrators to pick up scripting?

  - by icelava

  When I worked as an administrator in my first job, I was frustrated that our administration processes with Windows servers were a series of point-and-clicks; we could never match the level of efficiency with the Unix servers which had a group of shell scripts to automate a lot of the work. I soon read about WSH and ADSI and wasted no time learning just how much automation I was able to achieve with scripting. There was a huge problem though - almost none of my Windows colleagues were really interested in learning scripting. They seemed happy with the manually mouse-clicking chores and were never excited at the prospect of using scripts to do the work on their behalf. I struggled to convince them to pick up scripting skills despite the evident increases in efficiency. I left that job in pursuit of a full-time software development career thereafter. Almost a decade on working in various environments and different customers, I still encounter Windows administrators mainly possessing this general "mood" where they would avoid scripting as much as possible. Despite the increasing level of accessibility Windows server technologies are opening up for scripting and automation. I am almost certain the majority of administrators are administrators precisely because they absolutely hate performing any kind of programming duties. What are some means to encourage and motivate administrators that scripting can really help them in the long run?

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• tmpreaper, --protect and a non-root user

  - by nsg

  Hi, I'm a little confused. I have a download directory that I want to remove all files older then 30 days with tmpreaper. Just one problem, the directory in question is a separate partition with a lost+found directory, of course I need to keep it so I added --protect 'lost+found', the problem is that tmpreaper outputs: error: chdir() to directory 'lost+found' (inode 11) failed: Permission denied (PID 30604) Back from recursing down `lost+found'. Entry matching `--protect' pattern skipped. `lost+found' I have tried with other pattern like lost* and so on... I'm running tmpreaper as a non-root user because there is no reason for superuser privileges because I own all files (except lost+found). Are I'm forced to run tmpreaper as root? Or are my shell-skills not as good as I thought? I guess the problem is: tmpreaper will chdir(2) into each of the directories you've specified for cleanup, and check for files matching the <shell_pattern> there. It then builds a list of them, and uses that to protect them from removal. Any thought and/or advice? Edit: The command I'm trying to run is something like $ /usr/sbin/tmpreaper -t --protect 'lost+found' 30d /mydir 1> /dev/null error: chdir() to directory `lost+found' (inode 11) failed: Permission denied Edit 2: I read the source code for tmpreaper-1.6.13 and found this if (safe_chdir (dirname)) exit(1); and if (chdir (dirname)) { message (LOG_ERROR, "chdir() to directory `%s' (inode %lu) failed: %s\n", dirname, (u_long) sb1.st_ino, strerror (errno)); return 1; } So it seems tmpreaper needs to be able to chdir in to all directories, ignored or not. I see two options left Run tmpreaper as root Move the download directory Find a alternative tool (tmpwatch?) I will give it some more research before i make a choice.

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• Run GUI application via cronjob in Ubuntu?

  - by Christoffer

  Hi, I have a remote server running "Ubuntu 10.04 Desktop". From it I want to run a script that walks through a list of websites and captures screenshots of them. The script is working and thoroughly tested. When I SSH to the server with ssh -X user@ip-adress I can run my script by calling ./myscript.py and everything will work OK. I then modifed my crontab file and added... 59 17 * * * env DISPLAY=:0 /path/to/myscript.py ...as recommended by the Ubuntu WIKI. I can see in the /var/log/syslog that my cron job is started, but it doesn't capture any screenshots. When running env DISPLAY=:0 /path/to/myscript.py from the shell I get No protocol specified myscript.py: cannot connect to X server :0 If I ssh to the server without the -X option I only get the second row of the error: myscript.py: cannot connect to X server :0 What can I try now? More details I have run xhost +local: and checked the output of xhost to see that the option was set correctly. If I run ls /tmp/.X11-unix/ the output is X0 The server only has one screen. Thank you in advance!

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• Having trouble keeping a 1GB RAM Centos server running

  - by Josh

  This is my first time configuring a VPS server and I'm having a few issues. We're running Wordpress on a 1GB Centos server configured per the internet (online research). No custom queries or anything crazy but closing in on 8K posts. At arbitrary intervals, the server just goes down. From the client side, it just says "Loading..." and will spin more or less indefinitely. On the server side, the shell will lock completely. We have to do a hard reboot from the control panel and then everything is fine. Watching "top" I see it hovering between 35 - 55% memory usage generally and occasional spikes up to around 80%. When I saw it go down, there were about 30 - 40 Apache processes showing which pushed memory over the edge. "error_log" tells me that maxclients was reached right before each reboot instance. I've tried tinkering with that but to no avail. I think we'll probably need to bump the server up to the next RAM level but with ~120K pageviews per month, it seems like that's a bit overkill since it was running fairly well on a shared server before. Any ideas? httpd.conf and my.cnf values to add? I'll update this with the current ones if that helps. Thanks in advance! This has been a fun and important learning experience but, overall, quite frustrating! Edit: quick top snapshot: top - 15:18:15 up 2 days, 13:04, 1 user, load average: 0.56, 0.44, 0.38 Tasks: 85 total, 2 running, 83 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 6.7%us, 3.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 89.6%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2051088k total, 736708k used, 1314380k free, 199576k buffers Swap: 4194300k total, 0k used, 4194300k free, 287688k cached

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• Juniper NetScreen NS-5GT traffic monitoring

  - by blah

  I've done casual research into the subject and am truly dismayed at the lack of compatible tools for such a simple task. Maybe someone can provide assistance. We have a NetScreen NS-5GT in the office. I need to be able to get a glance of current traffic per endpoint -- I think the equivalent of 'get sessions' with byte counts/rates. I don't care about bars, graphs, and reports. Something as simple as a classic software firewall display would be perfect. I can't shell out money on something real like SolarWinds products, so a free solution is essential. I'm willing to do a little work but refuse to program something from scratch. It's not prudent right now for me to install a hub or otherwise mess around physically. There must be something out there I can use, maybe in combination. I don't believe I'm asking too much. Specific answers only please, e.g. monitoring software you know will actually work with this antiquated device. I've read about general approaches to the broader problem dozens of times already.

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• How to use a common library of environment variables among different languages?

  - by JDS

  We have three main languages with which we perform system tasks: Bash, Ruby, and PHP, and Perl. Four, four main languages. We use managed environment variables to provide authorization info that automated scripts need. For example, a mysql user account and password. We'd like to use one single managed file to maintain these variables. In some instances, for example, in cron, these environment variables are not available. They are made available in CLI scripts because we source the env file in everyone's profile. But something like cron doesn't do that. On the CLI, when the env file is sourced, any given script can access those variables. Bash has them directly, PHP in $_ENV, ruby in ENV, etc. We can't source the file into non-Bash scripts, because most languages implement shell commands by running them in a subshell. We considered parsing the Bash, converting to the script's lang, and running the equivalent of "exec(parsed_output)" on the resulting strings. What is a good solution to providing managed environment vars to scripts running in cron, or similar?

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• Mac OS X Terminal.app Ubuntu 9.10 SSHD and incorrect keyboard mapping

  - by Jesse

  Does anyone have any Idea how to handle this? I can't stand connecting to certain Ubuntu boxes via Mac OS X because of issues with keyboard layout etc. I have set TERM=vt100 and TERM=xterm-color in Ubuntu .bashrc and also in the Terminal.app advanced preferences and nothing seems to fix this issue. Trying to use arrow keys on slim silver keyboard results in ^[[A etc. From Answer OS X 10.6.4 When I try to run /lib/terminfo/x/xterm-color I get permission denied? Maybe this is the issue?! Regular bash login shell. If I sudo often it works. Which leads me to believe the above permissions problem is the cause. Output from stty -a: $ stty -a speed 9600 baud; rows 47; columns 181; line = 0; intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = M-^?; eol2 = M-^?; swtch = <undef>; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V; flush = ^O; min = 1; time = 0; -parenb -parodd cs8 -hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal -crtscts -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl ixon -ixoff -iuclc ixany imaxbel -iutf8 opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0 isig icanon iexten echo echoe -echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke

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• CentOS 5.8 - Can't login to tty1 as root after updates?

  - by slashp

  I've ran a yum update on my CentOS 5.8 box and now I am unable to log into the console as root. Basically what happens is I receive the login prompt, enter the correct username and password, and am immediately spit back to the login prompt. If I enter an incorrect password, I am told the password is incorrect, therefore I know that I am using the proper credentials. The only log I can seem to find of what's going on is /var/log/secure which simply contains: 15:33:41 centosbox login: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0) 15:33:41 centosbox login: ROOT LOGIN ON tty1 15:33:42 centosbox login: pam_unix(login:session): session closed for user root The shell is never spawned. I've checked my inittab which looks like so: 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6 And my /etc/passwd which properly has bash listed for my root user: root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash As well as permissions on /tmp (1777) & /root (750). I've attempted re-installing bash, pam, and mingetty to no avail, and confirmed /bin/login exists. Any thoughts would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!! -slashp

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• Hyper-V: Dedicated NIC for Guests VMs

  - by TheLizardKing

  I have two NIC cards and created a private virtual network for my virtual machines and unchecked "Allow management operating system to share this network adapter" which basically turns my Guest NIC into this sorta shell of a NIC card on the host machine and the only thing checked in it's properties is "Microsoft Virtual Network Switch Protocol" which I am fine with. Everything works and everything is connected. My issue is that for some reason my guest (Ubuntu Server with legacy network drivers) is not talking properly to my DHCP server. Specifically my DHCP server reserves the guest's IP address using it's MAC address but the guest isn't picking it up. It's picking up any old IP it can get and I can't even ping the hostname from another PC on the network but it pings fine if I use the IP. I see the guest showing up in my DHCP table but I can't get the reservation to stick. Is there some reason it's only partially communicating with my DHCP server? Pinging it's hostname on itself reveals it's using 127.0.0.1 instead of it's network IP. Is this an issue with the legacy drivers used in Hyper-V?

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• Changing PATH Environment Variable for all Users. (Ubuntu)

  - by Wally Glutton

  I recently compiled Ruby Enterprise Edition (REE) on an Ubuntu 8.04 server. I would like to update my PATH to ensure this new version of Ruby (found in /opt/ruby_ee/bin) supersedes the older version in /usr/local/bin. (I still want the old version around, though.) I would like these PATH changes to affect all users and crontabs. Attempted Solution #1: The REE documentation recommends placing the REE bin folder at the beginning of the global PATH in /etc/environment. I altered the PATH in this file to read: PATH="/opt/ruby_ee/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games" This did not affect my PATH at all. Attempted Solution #2: Next I followed these instructions and updated the PATH setting in /etc/login.defs and /etc/crontab. (I did not change /etc/sudoers.) This didn't affect my PATH either, even after logging out and rebooting the server. Other information: I seem to be having the same problem described here. I'm testing using the commands "echo $PATH" and "ruby -v". My shell is bash. My .bashrc doesn't override my PATH. Yes, I have heard of the Ruby Version Manager project. ;)

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• How to avoid sshfs freezing?

  - by Andreas Hagen

  So the issue is this: I've installed sshfs on Ubuntu 12.04 and I'm trying to connect to a couple of remote servers. So initially the mount seams successful. Sometimes Gnome even picks it up and displays the "new device found" box at the bottom of the screen. but from here on there is not much that works. Or at least not any more. The first couple of times i connected it seamed to work fine, and I was able to transfer some files, then i disconnected using fusermount -u <folder> and after reconnecting a little later the trouble started. Now after executing sshfs -o ServerAliveInterval=15 -o reconnect -C -o workaround=all -o idmap=user root@<host>:/ <folder>, when I change directory into the mount-point, the shell just freezes. Strangely ls -al <folder> works when listing just the root of the remote system, but nothing more. Also every file-explorer I've tried freezes just like cd <folder>. To me it seamed like there was some kind of zombie thread or something hanging around my system, due to the fact that it did work the first time, so I have tried rebooting but no luck. sshfs -V gives this: SSHFS version 2.3 FUSE library version: 2.8.6 fusermount version: 2.8.6 using FUSE kernel interface version 7.12 So yea, any ideas?

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• Set primary group of file or directory on Samba share from Windows

  - by Hubert Kario

  Short version: I have such situation on a Samba share: $ ls -lha total 12K drwxr-xr-x 3 hka Domain Users 4.0K Jan 11 17:07 . drwxrwxrwt 19 root root 4.0K Jan 11 17:06 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 hka Domain Users 4.0K Jan 11 17:07 dir A -rw-r--r-- 1 hka Domain Users 0 Jan 11 17:07 file A How am I able to change this to following using only Windows SMB/CIFS client (using 3rd party applications is OK) $ ls -lha total 12K drwxr-xr-x 3 hka Domain Users 4.0K Jan 11 17:07 . drwxrwxrwt 19 root root 4.0K Jan 11 17:06 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 hka ntpoweruser 4.0K Jan 11 17:07 dir A -rw-r--r-- 1 hka ntpoweruser 0 Jan 11 17:07 file A Rationale and background info I'm using POSIX ACLs on Samba shares. Together with acl group control for Samba, it allows me to delegate management of permissions to different users based on group membership. Thing is, when I create a new file on a Samba share, I'm unable to set its primary group (the one that grants permission to change its permissions). It's being set to my primary group (Domain Users) or group set using force group option in smb.conf share definition. Removing all groups in windows except the one I want to become the new primary group doesn't work. I can change it using chgrp group folder/ as regular user though shell, but it's suboptimal (not all users are *nix users). Trying to set new owner to group from Windows file permission window makes the Samba to return permission denied with following log entry: [2012/01/05 21:13:03.349734, 3] smbd/nttrans.c:1899(call_nt_transact_set_security_desc) call_nt_transact_set_security_desc: file = projects/project A/New folder, sent 0x1 [2012/01/05 21:13:03.349774, 3] smbd/posix_acls.c:1208(unpack_nt_owners) unpack_nt_owners: unable to validate owner sid for S-1-5-21-4526631811-884521863-452487935-11025 [2012/01/05 21:13:03.349804, 3] smbd/error.c:80(error_packet_set) error packet at smbd/nttrans.c(1909) cmd=160 (SMBnttrans) NT_STATUS_INVALID_OWNER The SID is correct and belongs to group I specified in GUI.

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