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  • How to see whats taking up space on your hard drive

    - by sam
    Im thinking of switching to one of the macbook pro retinas with a 256gb ssd, im making the move from a 512gb hd, which at the moment is split into a 60bg windows partition (which i dont think im going to have on my new machine) and a 440gb main partition of the main partition ive got 140gb free. So all in if i disregard the 60gb windows part ive got about 200gb free so im using 300gb, which is still a bit to much, ive had this machine 4/5 yrs so its likely to be clogged with files that i no longer need, is there a tool that i can use to view my current hd and see whats taking up the most room, so i can begin to see where i can cut down ? just for a bit of background my current machine runs osx.

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  • free up not used space on a qcow2-image-file on kvm/qemu

    - by bmaeser
    we are using kvm/qemu with qcow2-images for our virtual machines. qcow2 has this nice feature where the image file only allocates the actually needed space by the virtual-machine. but how do i shrink back the image file, if the virtual machine's allocated space gets smaller? example: 1.) i create a new image with qcow2 format, size 100GB 2.) i use this image to install ubuntu. installation needs about 10 gb, the image-file grows up to about 10GB. nothing unexpected so far. 3.) i fill up the image with about 40 GB of additional data. the image-file grows up to 50GB. i am ok with that :-) 4.) this is where it gets strange: i delete all of the 40GB data on the image, but the image-size still eats up 50GB. question: how do i free up that 40GB of data and shrink the image to the only needed 10 GB? thanks in advance, berni

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  • Encrypt remote linux server

    - by Margaret Thorpe
    One of my customers has requested that their web server is encrypted to prevent offline attacks to highly sensitive data contained in a mysql database and also /var/log. I have full root access to the dedicated server at a popular host. I am considering 3 options - FDE - This would be ideal, but with only remote access (no console) I imagine this would be very complex. Xen - installing XEN and moving their server within a XEN virtual machine and encrypting the VM - which seems easier to do remotely. Parition - encrypt the non-static partitions where the sensitive data resides e.g. /var /home etc. What would be the simplist approach that satisfies the requirements?

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  • Why is a single thread spread across CPU's?

    - by Marcus Lindblom
    I'm just curious why the scheduler constantly moves an app between CPUs, rather than keeping it on one. It looks a bit silly to have 4 cores at 25% rather than one at 100%. Does it has to do with heat, or is it more efficient somehow? Do other OS's do it differently? Insights or links to in-depth stuff would be nice. (Couldn't find much myself.) Update: By "spread out" I don't mean that it executes on several cpu's at once, but is being moved from one to the other several times per second, making the effect that it looks spread out.

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  • Hot-swap drive got new name, can I change it on-the-fly?

    - by T.J. Crowder
    One of the HDDs in my server's RAID config failed, so I took it out of the array and had the data center hot-swap it. They've done that, but now the new drive is /dev/sdc rather than /dev/sda. I suspect — correct me if I'm wrong — that if I reboot the server, it will be /dev/sda again, so I'm hesitant to add it back to the array as /dev/sdc because I don't want to lay a trap for myself to fall into on the next reboot. I'd just as soon not reboot the server if I don't need to (if I do need to, well, too bad for me). Is there a way I can change the device name from /dev/sdc to /dev/sda without rebooting? This is on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. It's an md array ("Linux Software RAID"), where currently one of the devices (there are a couple of them) looks like this ("degraded" because I've removed the old /dev/sda from it): # mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 00.90.03 Creation Time : Sun Oct 11 21:07:54 2009 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 97536 (95.27 MiB 99.88 MB) Used Dev Size : 97536 (95.27 MiB 99.88 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Jun 30 09:31:16 2011 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 496be7a5:ab9177ed:7792c71e:7dc17aa4 Events : 0.112 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 0 0 1 removed Thanks, Update: Reading through the kernel md documentation, I suspect that if the name changes on reboot, it won't matter. (Good design, that.) Here's why: Boot time autodetection of RAID arrays When md is compiled into the kernel (not as module), partitions of type 0xfd are scanned and automatically assembled into RAID arrays. This autodetection may be suppressed with the kernel parameter "raid=noautodetect". As of kernel 2.6.9, only drives with a type 0 superblock can be autodetected and run at boot time. The kernel parameter "raid=partitionable" (or "raid=part") means that all auto-detected arrays are assembled as partitionable. I do have md compiled into the kernel, so I'm rebuilding the array now and will do the reboot to see what happens. Even if it works, the above doesn't answer the question I actually asked, so unless someone comes along and answers that question in the meantime (I'd be interested, even if it's not necessary for what I'm doing this very moment), I'll just delete the question to keep noise down.

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  • MongoDB: ReplicaSet slower than a corresponding Master/Slave config

    - by SecondThought
    Is it true that a mongoDB configured as a replicaset (lets say two nodes + an arbiter) will always be slower than the same DB and server specs but configured as a Master? I've run some tests and found out that for a fresh DB, RS is a little quicker than Master/Slave config but when the DB is getting bigger than ~100k records the latter is getting much snappier. am I missing something here? PS: I was testing it with mongoid driver for ruby.

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  • hiberfil.sys and pagefile.sys... rebuilt on boot?

    - by spender
    I need to take an image of a drive. I'm working from a bootable CD, so I have the option to decruft before taking the image. The Windows installation on the drive has both hyberfil.sys and pagefile.sys which I would rather not include in the image. If I delete these from the drive, will Windows recreate these files if necessary? EDIT The Windows installation on the drive in question was shut-down cleanly.

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  • Diagnostic high load sys cpu - low io

    - by incous
    A Linux server running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS with LAMP has a strange behaviour since last week: - cpu %sys higher than before, nearly equal %usr (before that, %sys just little compare with %usr) - IO reduce by half or 1/3 compare with the week before I try to diagnostic the process/cpu by some command (top/vmstat/mpstat/sar), and see that maybe it's a bit high on interrupt timer/resched. I don't know what that means, now open to any suggestion.

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  • Experience in migrating from Apache to nginx?

    - by Julien
    I'd like to get some feedback about a migration From Apache to nginx. My goal is to reduce the memory footprint of the web server. Currently, I use the following modules.features on Apache: multiple virtual hosts Server Side Include Fast CGI Please share your experience: problems during migration, benefits after migration (was it worth it?), useful modules for nginx, etc.

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  • lvm disappeared after disc replacement on raid10

    - by user142295
    here my problem: I am running ubuntu 12.04 on a raid10 (4 disks), on top of which I installed an lvm with two volume groups (one for /, one for /home). The layout of the disks are as follows: Disk /dev/sda: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003f3b6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 481949 240943+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 481950 2910640634 1455079342+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 2910640635 2930272064 9815715 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00069785 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdc: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdd: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f14de Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 63 2910158684 1455079311 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdd2 2910158685 2930272064 10056690 82 Linux swap / Solaris The first disk (/dev/sda) contains the /boot partition on /dev/sda1. I use grub2 to boot the system off this partition. On top of this raid10 I installed two volume groups, one for /, one for /home. This system worked well, I even exchanged two disks during the last two years. It always worked. But not this time. For the first time, /dev/sda broke. I do not know if this is an issue – I know I would have struggled anyways to overcome the problem with /boot installed on that disk and grub2 installed on the mbr of /dev/sda. Anyways, I did what I always did: start knoppix fire up the raid sudo mdadm --examine -scan which returns ARRAY /dev/md127 UUID=0dbf4558:1a943464:132783e8:19cdff95 start it up sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md127 fail the failing disk (smart event) sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2 remove the failing disk sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2 stop the raid sudo mdadm -S /dev/md127 take out the disk replace it with a new one create the same partitions as on the failling one add it to the raid sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md127 sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sda2 wait 4 hours All looks fine: cat /proc/mdstat returns: Personalities : [raid10] md127 : active raid10 sda2[0] sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] 2910158464 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU] unused devices: <none> and sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md127 returns /dev/md127: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Jun 10 13:08:46 2009 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 2910158464 (2775.34 GiB 2980.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 1455079232 (1387.67 GiB 1490.00 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 127 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Mar 21 16:27:40 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : 0dbf4558:1a943464:132783e8:19cdff95 (local to host Microknoppix) Events : 0.4824680 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 However, there is no trace of the volume groups. Rebooting into knoppix does not help Restarting the old system (I actually replugged and re-added the failing disk for that – the system begins to start, but then fails to see the / partition – no wonder if the volume group is gone) does not help. sudo vgscan, sudo vgdisplay, sudo lvs, sudo lvdisplay, sudo vgscan –mknodes all returned No volume groups found. I am completely at a loss. Can anyone tell me if and how I can recover my data? Thanks in advance!

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  • How to make `rm` faster on ext3/linux?

    - by depesz
    I have ext3 filesystem mounted with default options. On it I have some ~ 100GB files. Removal of any of such files takes long time (8 minutes) and causes a lot of io traffic, which increases load on server. Is there any way to make the rm not as disruptive?

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  • SSH with authorized_keys to an Ubuntu system with encrypted homedir?

    - by Josh
    I recently set up a new server with Ubuntu karmic 9.10, and when I created my home directory I chose to make it encrypted. Now, after loading my authorized_keys file into ~/.ssh, it isn't recognized because my home directory isn't decrypted until after I log in. Is there a way to make SSH keys work with encrypted home directories under Ubuntu?

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  • SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away

    - by Barkat Ullah
    Server details: RAM: 16GB HDD: 1000GB OS: Linux 2.6.32-220.7.1.el6.x86_64 Processor: 6 Core Please see the link below for my # top preview: I can often see the error mentioned in title in my plesk panel and my /etc/my.cnf configuration are as below: bind-address=127.0.0.1 local-infile=0 datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql max_connections=20000 max_user_connections=20000 key_buffer_size=512M join_buffer_size=4M read_buffer_size=4M read_rnd_buffer_size=512M sort_buffer_size=8M wait_timeout=300 interactive_timeout=300 connect_timeout=300 tmp_table_size=8M thread_concurrency=12 concurrent_insert=2 query_cache_limit=64M query_cache_size=128M query_cache_type=2 transaction_alloc_block_size=8192 max_allowed_packet=512M [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet=512M [myisamchk] key_buffer_size=128M sort_buffer_size=128M read_buffer_size=32M write_buffer_size=32M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid open_files_limit=8192 As my server httpd conf is set to /etc/httpd/conf.d/swtune.conf and the configuration is as below: at prefork.c: <IfModule prefork.c> StartServers 8 MinSpareServers 10 MaxSpareServers 20 ServerLimit 1536 MaxClients 1536 MaxRequestsPerChild 4000 </IfModule> If I run grep -i maxclient /var/log/httpd/error_log then I can see everyday this error: [root@u16170254 ~]# grep -i maxclient /var/log/httpd/error_log [Sun Apr 15 07:26:03 2012] [error] server reached MaxClients setting, consider raising the MaxClients setting [Mon Apr 16 06:09:22 2012] [error] server reached MaxClients setting, consider raising the MaxClients setting I tried to explain everything that I changed to keep my server okay, but maximum time my server is down. Please help me which parameter can I change to keep my server okay and my sites can load fast. It is taking too much time to load my sites.

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  • IIS7 ASP.NET application - 2 identical apps in 2 identical app pools, 1 is responsive and 1 is not

    - by Ben
    I have an ASP.NET (v4.0) web app that is installed in a virtual directory (as an application) and is hosted in it's own app pool. This is repeated for each instance of the app (i.e. per customer). The app pools are integrated (not classic) mode and LoadUserProfile is set to true. Otherwise, default settings. Each instance currently has it's own copy of the code/config, and it's own data folder (basic file read/writes). 1 instance of this app runs well (operation used for comparison takes ~4 seconds). Every other instance runs slowly (from 10-25 seconds for the same operation). If I move the slower instance to the "fastest" app pool that instance springs to life. If I move the faster instance into the slower app pool that instance slows to a crawl. The app pools were created in the same way initially - manually. I later used the powershell copy routine to ensure an exact copy of the faster app pool and still the same behaviour. Comparing the apppool.config files shows they are identical barring the virtual directory assignments. There are no shared resources that are being blocked, so far as I can tell, and I tested that by shutting down the performant app pool and restarting... slow is still slow, and then when I restart that app pool (so it's loaded last) it's still faster...

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  • FoxPro 2.6 DOS on Windows 7 64-bit

    - by Rolando
    I support a company that has a very old, mission critical, FoxPro for DOS 2.6 (FPD) application. For variuos reasons the company didn't adapt/migrate their app, which, ironically, has been running even better under Windows XP (and 32-bit Win7) because the OS allowed new features like more reliable networking, distributed printing, email integration. Unfortunately for this company, most new machines now come with a 64-bit version of Windows 7, which is incompatible with their FPD app. I know this time the writing is on the wall: the only long-term solution is to migrate their app. But I wonder if anyone can suggest a temporary alternative path, which doesn't involve either: downgrade 64-bit Windows to 32-bit, or run the app on a virtualized 32-bit XP

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  • On Mac OS X how can I monitor what is using my internet connection?

    - by Jon Hopkins
    I've got a relatively limited broadband connection (I live miles from the nearest exchange) and from time to time net access (but nothing else) slows to a near crawl. I know from a bit of monitoring software that the connection is being fairly heavily used which would explain it but I don't know what's using it. There are certainly plenty of things which might (these days there are dozens of apps that will either regularly or infrequently check data or download updates) but how can I find out? I'm happy to pay (a small amount of) money if needed, though in that case I'd rather it were a recommendation that me just Googling for something.

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  • DOS Batch file to find "new" files by date

    - by Todd McArthur
    My PC has entered an infinite BSOD loop - but I do have access to a safe-mode command prompt. I'm trying to get an idea of "what changed" that might have triggered this. e.g. I might have gotten a virus, or an app update went belly up. I'd like to thus see which files were created/modified in the last few days/week or at least the *.exe, *.dll, *.com, *.bat etc. I thought I was ok with my Batch-fu but I'm stumped on how to write a quick batch file/command that would list the files for me. REM This will find the files, but the results are all muddled REM all EXE files, reverse sort by date, recursively through sub-directories dir *.exe /O-D /S What I'd really like is to find all (executable filetypes) that were created/modified in the last 3-7 days. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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  • Identify Long Running or Slow PHP Scripts

    - by Kirk
    I have web server that is getting around 25K visits a day up at yougetsignal.com. Sometimes the site feels a bit sluggish. I am hosting it on nginx with php5-fpm. Is there a way for me to see a list of all of the long running requests that are coming to the site? I'd love to have a real-time list of all of the active requests that PHP is handling and how long they have been running. Kind of like top, but just for the web server. This would let me know how long requests are taking and which script is the culprit. Anyone have any ideas on how I can do this?

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  • Client-based program to track response time for online webservice

    - by Søren Haagerup
    I am helping a customer with general IT support, and they have a problem with a hosted web-based system being slow. The provider of the system blames the client's computer, and the client calls me for help. I blame the provider, but it is hard to get them to do something about it without rock-solid evidence. And every time the provider comes around for a TeamViewer session, everything of course runs smoothly. Does there exist a client program or browser plugin that tracks statistics about response time for specific web services?

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  • 503 error Varnish cache when eAccelerator is started

    - by Netismine
    I have a Magento installation running on x-large Amazon server. I have Varnish, memcached and eAccelerator installed on the server. At first everything was working fine, but then at some point it stopped working, throwing 503 error with Varnish cache stamp below it. When I disable eaccelerator, error is gone and site is working. This is my eaccelerator config: extension="eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size = "512" eaccelerator.cache_dir = "/var/cache/php-eaccelerator" eaccelerator.enable = "1" eaccelerator.optimizer = "1" eaccelerator.debug = 0 eaccelerator.log_file = "/var/log/httpd/eaccelerator_log" eaccelerator.name_space = "" eaccelerator.check_mtime = "1" eaccelerator.filter = "" eaccelerator.shm_ttl = "0" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period = "0" eaccelerator.shm_only = "0" eaccelerator.allowed_admin_path = "" any hints?

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  • What should be monitored to troubleshoot file sharing problems?

    - by RyanW
    I'm running into some problems with a file share used by an ASP.NET web application. With this configuration, there are 2 web servers (win2k8 web) that connect to a file server (win2k8 enterprise), reading and writing files using a file share. Recently, one of the web servers has begun encountering an error accessing the file share: IOException: The specified network name is no longer available. There does not appear to be much info on the web for explaining what's causing this and how to best fix it, so I'm looking at what I can monitor in order to get clues. I'm not sure if it's hardware, just a load issue, file size, frequency, etc. With Windows perfmon, what can I monitor on the File Server side? There's the "Files Open" object, any other good ones? What can I monitor on the web server side? EDIT: I'll add that the UNC path uses the IP address of the file server, not a name to resolve. Also the share is a single, flat directory with over 100K files.

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  • What is the computer "doing" when it is running slow and task manager is not showing any CPU activity?

    - by Joakim Tall
    Typical example is when shutting down a memoryintensive application. It can take quite a while before the computer gets back up to speed. Is there some inherent cost in releasing memory? Or is it throttled by some kind of harddrive activity, and if so is there any good way to track that? I usually bring up task manager when a computer is running slow, and usually sorting by cpu activity can show what process is causing the problem, but sometimes there is no activity showing. And yes I "show processes from all users", I have been wondering this since the days win2k :)

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