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  • R: Cut and labels/breaks length conflict

    - by AkselO
    I am working with the cut function to prep data for a barplot histogram but keep running into a seeming inconsistency between my labels and breaks: Error in cut.default(sample(1:1e+05, 500, T), breaks = sq, labels = sprintf("$%.0f", : labels/breaks length conflict Here is an example. I pretend that it is income data, using a sequence of 0 to $100,000 in bins of $10,000. I use the same variable to generate both breaks and labels, with minor formating on the label side. I thought they might for some reason have different lengths when comparing to a character vector, but they appear to have the same length, still. > sq<-seq(0,100000,10000) > cut(sample(1:100000, 500, T),breaks=sq,labels=sprintf("$%.0f",sq)) > length(sprintf("$%.0f",sq)) [1] [11] > length(sq) [1] [11]

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  • What characters are widely supported in CSS class names?

    - by last-child
    As detailed here among other places, the only valid characters in a html/css class name is a-z, A-Z, 0-9, hyphen and underscore, and the first character should be a letter. But in practice, what characters are in fact supported by most browsers? More specifically, I wonder what browsers properly understands a slash (/) in a class name, and what browsers support class names starting with a number. I'm primarily interested in getting an answer for html rather than xhtml, in case there is a difference. Thank you.

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  • What is the best regular expression for validating email addresses?

    - by acrosman
    Over the years I have slowly developed a regular expression that validates MOST email addresses correctly, assuming they don't use an IP address as the server part. Currently the expression is: ^[_a-z0-9-]+(\.[_a-z0-9-]+)*@[a-z0-9-]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*(\.[a-z]{2,4})$ I use this in several PHP programs, and it works most of the time. However, from time to time I get contacted by someone that is having trouble with a site that uses it, and I end up having to make some adjustment (most recently I realized that I wasn't allowing 4-character TLDs). What's the best regular expression you have or have seen for validating emails? I've seen several solutions that use functions that use several shorter expressions, but I'd rather have one long complex expression in a simple function instead of several short expression in a more complex function.

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  • strsplit in R with metacharacter

    - by user1429852
    I have received a large amount of data where the delimiter is a backslash (obviously a bad choice). I'm processing it in R for computation, and having a hard time finding how to split the string since the backslash is a metacharacter. For example, a string would look like this: "1128\0019\XA5\E2R\366\00=15" and I want to split it along the "\" character, but when I run the strsplit command: strsplit(tempStr, "\") Error in strsplit(tempStr, "\") : invalid regular expression '\', reason 'Trailing backslash' When I try to used the "fixed" option, it does not run because it is expecting something after the backslash: strsplit(tempStr, "\", fixed = TRUE) Unfortunately, I can't preprocess the data with another program because the data is generated daily. Please help and thanks!

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  • Integer v/s int

    - by Siddhartha
    Read this on the oracle docs java.lang page: Frequently it is necessary to represent a value of primitive type as if it were an object. The wrapper classes Boolean, Character, Integer, Long, Float, and Double serve this purpose. I'm not sure I understand why these are needed. It says they have useful functions such as equals(). But if I can do (a==b), why would I ever want to declare them as Integer, use more memory and use equals()? How does the memory usage differ for the 2?

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  • String vectors not working as expected with newline and iterators? (C++)

    - by kevin
    I have a text file made of 3 lines: Line 1 Line 3 (Line 1, a blank line, and Line 3) vector<string> text; vector<string>::iterator it; ifstream file("test.txt"); string str; while (getline(file, str)) { if (str.length() == 0) str = "\n"; // since getline discards the newline character, replacing blank strings with newline text.push_back(str); } // while for (it=text.begin(); it < text.end(); it++) cout << (*it); Prints out: Line 1 Line 3 I'm not sure why the string with only a newline was not printed out. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Need help with displaying the message correctly in the pole display always starting at the beginning

    - by SA
    Hi, I am using an HP RS232 pole display with the following setting: Char type: USA/Europe (default) Command mode: EPSON (default) Baud rate: 9600, n , 8, 1 (default?) Passthru None (Default) Here's the code using System.IO.Ports; private SerialPort port; port = new SerialPort("COM2", 9600, Parity.None, 8, StopBits.One); port.Handshake = Handshake.None; Port.WriteLine("Welocome to something something"); It has 2 lines consisting of 20 characters each with a total of 40 characters. I have no control how and where the characters get displayed. I would like it to always begin on line 1 position 1 but as I said earlier how would I be able to do that. The same program if I run again and again it moves a character to the left. I have set it to accept ASCII char set and so I am able to type as is visble in the Writeline message

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  • Which is faster in memory, ints or chars? And file-mapping or chunk reading?

    - by Nick
    Okay, so I've written a (rather unoptimized) program before to encode images to JPEGs, however, now I am working with MPEG-2 transport streams and the H.264 encoded video within them. Before I dive into programming all of this, I am curious what the fastest way to deal with the actual file is. Currently I am file-mapping the .mts file into memory to work on it, although I am not sure if it would be faster to (for example) read 100 MB of the file into memory in chunks and deal with it that way. These files require a lot of bit-shifting and such to read flags, so I am wondering that when I reference some of the memory if it is faster to read 4 bytes at once as an integer or 1 byte as a character. I thought I read somewhere that x86 processors are optimized to a 4-byte granularity, but I'm not sure if this is true... Thanks!

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  • Dynamic Column lookup with different pages in excel

    - by CinCity
    I have a multi page spread sheet in excel that needs to read information dynamically from columns on other pages and have these values show up on a main page. This is the formula I'm using: =IF(VLOOKUP($B:$B,'CP01'!$B:$BN,3,FALSE)="r","r", IF(VLOOKUP($B:$B,'CP01'!$B:$BN,3,FALSE)="a","a","")) CP01 is a sheet in the excel file and instead of look at the specific sheet I want it to look at all of the sheets in the file. Is there a way to do this as an excel formula or with excel-VBA? Edit: I also tried CP* (* being a wildcard character) and it didn't work. Edit2: Is there a way to match the value where the 'CP' is placed with its a other columns value?

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  • How to trigger an event in input text after I stop typing/writting?

    - by user1386320
    I want to trigger event just right after I stop typing (not while typing) characters in my input textbox. I've tried with: $('input#username').keypress(function() { var _this = $(this); // copy of this object for further usage setTimeout(function() { $.post('/ajax/fetch', { type: 'username', value: _this.val() }, function(data) { if(!data.success) { // continue working } else { // throw an error } }, 'json'); }, 3000); }); But this example produces a timeout for every typed character and I get about 20 AJAX requests if I type-in 20 characters. On this fiddle I demonstrate the same problem with a simple alert instead of an AJAX. Is there a solution for this or I'm just using a bad approach for this?

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  • Less Mathematical Approaches to Machine Learning?

    - by Ed
    Out of curiosity, I've been reading up a bit on the field of Machine Learning, and I'm surprised at the amount of computation and mathematics involved. One book I'm reading through uses advanced concepts such as Ring Theory and PDEs (note: the only thing I know about PDEs is that they use that funny looking character). This strikes me as odd considering that mathematics itself is a hard thing to "learn." Are there any branches of Machine Learning that use different approaches? I would think that a approaches relying more on logic, memory, construction of unfounded assumptions, and over-generalizations would be a better way to go, since that seems more like the way animals think. Animals don't (explicitly) calculate probabilities and statistics; at least as far as I know.

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  • Python: Regex outputs 12_34 - I need 1234

    - by Guy F-W
    So I have input coming in like: 12_34 5_6_8_2 4___3 1234 and the output I need from it is: 1234, 5682, 43, 1234 I'm currently working with r'[0-9]+[0-9_]*'.replace('_','') which (as far as I can tell) successfully rejects any input which is not a combination of numeric digits and under-scores, where the underscore cannot be the first character. However, replacing the _ with the empty string causes 12_34 to come out as 12 and 34. Is there a better method than 'replace' for this? Or could I adapt my regex to deal with this problem?

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  • How do I wrap a very long line of text in a GWT label?

    - by user323295
    This is an extract of my code at the moment: VerticalPanel mainPanel = new VerticalPanel(); RootPanel.get("messages").add(mainPanel); HorizontalPanel tempPanel = new HorizontalPanel(); tempPanel.setSize("100px", "200px"); Label content = new Label("AAAveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryveryverylongtextZZZ"); content.setWidth("50px"); content.setWordWrap(true); tempPanel.add(content); mainPanel.add(tempPanel); The label displays but it does not wrap. If I insert a space it seems that word wrap works, but I guess I want character wrap. Any ideas? I do not want a horizontal scrollbar.

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  • Are upper bounds of indexed ranges always assumed to be exclusive?

    - by polygenelubricants
    So in Java, whenever an indexed range is given, the upper bound is almost always exclusive. From java.lang.String: substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) Returns a new string that is a substring of this string. The substring begins at the specified beginIndex and extends to the character at index endIndex - 1 From java.util.Arrays: copyOfRange(T[] original, int from, int to) from - the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusive to - the final index of the range to be copied, exclusive. From java.util.BitSet: set(int fromIndex, int toIndex) fromIndex - index of the first bit to be set. toIndex - index after the last bit to be set. As you can see, it does look like Java tries to make it a consistent convention that upper bounds are exclusive. My questions are: Is this the official authoritative recommendation? Are there notable violations that we should be wary of? Is there a name for this system? (ala "0-based" vs "1-based")

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  • Why is this UL and inline JS giving errors during HTML validation?

    - by thor
    I've just run the homepage of a site I'm working on through the w3c HTML validator and it's come back with 3 errors and 2 warnings. I've taken a look at them but can't see why they would be causing a problem. I've pasted them in below (I've removed URL's/strings etc as the site isn't quite ready to be made public yet). This is being validated against XHTML Transitional by the way. The UL comes back with the following error: end tag for "ul" which is not finished <ul id='tabs'></ul> <ul id='tabs'> <li> <a href="/en/folder/folder/search?categories[]=cat1" class="tab1" title="tab_title"> <img alt="img_alt" src="img_src" /> <span> tab1_text </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/folder/folder/search?categories[]=cat2" class="tab2" title="tab_title"> <img alt="img_alt" src="img_src" /> <span> tab2_text </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/folder/folder/search?categories[]=cat3" class="tab3" title="tab_title"> <img alt="img_alt" src="img_src" /> <span> tab3_text </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/folder/folder/search?categories[]=cat4" class="tab4" title="tab_title"> <img alt="img_alt" src="img_src" /> <span> tab4_text </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/folder/folder/search?categories[]=cat5" class="tab5" title="tab_title"> <img alt="img_alt" src="img_src" /> <span> tab5_text </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/folder/folder/search?categories[]=cat6" class="tab6" title="tab_title"> <img alt="img_alt" src="img_src" /> <span> tab6_text </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/folder/folder/search?categories[]=cat7" class="tab7" title="tab_title"> <img alt="img_alt" src="img_src" /> <span> tab7_text </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/folder/folder/search?categories[]=cat8" class="tab8" title="tab_title"> <img alt="img_alt" src="img_src" /> <span> tab8_text </span> </a> </li> </ul> For the inline javascript, I'm getting 2 errors and 2 warnings all for the same thing - I have a simple if statement with && and the validator appears to be seeing this as HTML rather than javascript: character "&amp;" is the first character of a delimiter but occurred as data and xmlParseEntityRef: no name <script type='text/javascript'> if (weather_data != null && weather_data['data'] != null){ display_weather(); } </script> The javascript is placed just before the body close tag at the end of the document. If you need to see the full source then let me know and I can send it over.

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  • Reading bytes from JavaScript string

    - by Jan
    I have a string containing binary data in JS. Now I want to read, for example, an integer from it. So I get the first 4 characters, use charCodeAt, do some shifting etc. to get an integer. Problem is that strings in JS are UTF-16 (instead of ASCII) and charCodeAt often returns values higher than 256. The Mozilla reference states that "The first 128 Unicode code points are a direct match of the ASCII character encoding." (what about ASCII values 128?) How can I convert the result of charCodeAt to an ASCII value? Or is there a better way to convert a string of four characters to a 4 byte integer?

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  • What is on the 68000 stack when classic MacOS enters a program?

    - by John Källén
    I'm trying to understand an old classic Mac application's entry point. I've disassembled the first CODE resource (not CODE#0, which is the jump table). The code refers to some variables off the stack: a word at 0004(A7), an array of long words of starting at 000C(A7) whose length is the value at 0004(A7), and a final long word beyond that array that seems to be a pointer to a character string. The array of long words looks like strings at first glance, so it looks superficially like we're dealing with an (int argc, char ** argv) situation, except the "argv" array is inline in the stack frame. What should a program be expecting on its stack / registers when it first gets called by the Mac OS?

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  • How to allow certain HTML tags in a form field in Symfony 1.2

    - by camomileCase
    I'm playing around with Symfony and have encountered a road block. I created a model "CmsPage" which has a field called "content" which is stored as a clob (this is specific to doctrine I believe). When I created the app I set "--escaping-strategy=on" so if I enter any html when editing a CmsPage that gets encoded with html entities or something along those lines. I would like to allow html in this field and a quick googling hasn't helped much. Maybe I'm searching for the wrong terms. Anywho I would like to disable character escaping for this field and possibly only allow a small selection of html tags. What is the correct way to do this in Symfony?

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  • If I take a large datatype. Will it affect performance in sql server

    - by Shantanu Gupta
    If i takes larger datatype where i know i should have taken datatype that was sufficient for possible values that i will insert into a table will affect any performance in sql server in terms of speed or any other way. eg. IsActive (0,1,2,3) not more than 3 in any case. I know i must take tinyint but due to some reasons consider it as compulsion, i am taking every numeric field as bigint and every character field as nVarchar(Max) Please give statistics if possible, to let me try to overcoming that compulsion. I need some solid analysis that can really make someone rethink before taking any datatype.

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  • lwjgl isKeyDown canceling out other keys

    - by AKrush95
    While trying to create a simple game where a square is manipulated via the keyboard keys, I have come across a small, rather irritating problem. I would like it to work so that when the opposite directional key is pressed, the character will stop; the character may move the other two directions while stopped in this situation. This works perfectly with LEFT and RIGHT held down; the player may move UP or DOWN. If UP and DOWN are held down, however, the player will not move, nor will Java recognize that the LEFT or RIGHT keys were pressed. import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Random; import org.lwjgl.*; import org.lwjgl.input.Keyboard; import org.lwjgl.opengl.*; import static org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.*; public class Main { private Man p; private ArrayList<Integer> keysDown, keysUp; public Main() { try { Display.setDisplayMode(new DisplayMode(640, 480)); Display.setTitle("LWJGLHelloWorld"); Display.create(); } catch (LWJGLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } p = new Man(0, 0); keysDown = new ArrayList<>(); keysUp = new ArrayList<>(); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glOrtho(0, 640, 480, 0, 1, -1); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); while (!Display.isCloseRequested()) { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); checkKeys(); p.draw(); Display.update(); Display.sync(60); } Display.destroy(); } public void checkKeys() { ArrayList<Integer> keys = new ArrayList<>(); keys.add(Keyboard.KEY_A); keys.add(Keyboard.KEY_D); keys.add(Keyboard.KEY_W); keys.add(Keyboard.KEY_S); for (int key : keys) { if (Keyboard.isKeyDown(key)) keysDown.add(key); else keysUp.add(key); } keysDown.removeAll(keysUp); keysUp = new ArrayList<>(); int speed = 4; int dx = 0; int dy = 0; if (keysDown.contains(keys.get(2))) { System.out.println("keyUP"); dy -= speed; } if (keysDown.contains(keys.get(3))) { System.out.println("keyDOWN"); dy += speed; } if (keysDown.contains(keys.get(0))) { System.out.println("keyLEFT"); dx -= speed; } if (keysDown.contains(keys.get(1))) { System.out.println("keyRIGHT"); dx += speed; } //if (keysDown.contains(keys.get(0)) && keysDown.contains(keys.get(1))) dx = 0; //if (keysDown.contains(keys.get(2)) && keysDown.contains(keys.get(3))) dy = 0; p.update(dx, dy); } public static void main(String[] args) { new Main(); } class Man { public int x, y, w, h; public float cR, cG, cB; public Man(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; w = 50; h = 50; Random rand = new Random(); cR = rand.nextFloat(); cG = rand.nextFloat(); cB = rand.nextFloat(); } public void draw() { glColor3f(cR, cG, cB); glRecti(x, y, x+w, y+h); } public void update(int dx, int dy) { x += dx; y += dy; } } } That is the code that I am working with. In addition, I am unsure how to compile an executable jar that is using the lwjgl library in addition to slick-util.

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  • What's the best way to replace the first letter of a string in Java?

    - by froadie
    I'm trying to convert the first letter of a string to lowercase. I know there's a capitalize method, but I want to accomplish the opposite. This is the code I used: value.substring(0,1).toLowerCase() + value.substring(1) Effective, but feels a bit manual. Are there any other ways to do it? Any better ways? Any Java string functions that do it for you? I was thinking of using something like a replace function, but Java's replace doesn't accept an index as a parameter. You have to pass the actual character/substring. Another way I can think of doing it is something like: value.replaceFirst(value.charAt(0), value.charAt(0).toLowerCase()) Except that replaceFirst expects 2 strings, so the value.charAt(0)s would probably need to be replaced with value.substring(0,1)s. Is this any better? Does it matter? Is there any standard way to do this?

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  • c++ strings and file input

    - by Dalton Conley
    Ok, its been a while since I've done any file input or string manipulation but what I'm attempting to do is as follows while(infile >> word) { for(int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) { if(word[i] == '\n') { cout << "Found a new line" << endl; lineNumber++; } if(!isalpha(word[i])) { word.erase(i); } if(islower(word[i])) word[i] = toupper(word[i]); } } Now I assume this is not working because skips the new line character?? If so, whats a better way to do this.

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  • Urban Airship Tags issue

    - by Moshe
    I modified the alias sample code from: [request addRequestHeader: @"Content-Type" value: @"application/json"]; [request appendPostData:[[NSString stringWithFormat: @"{\"alias\": \"%@\"}", self.deviceAlias] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]; to: [request addRequestHeader: @"Content-Type" value: @"application/json"]; [request appendPostData:[[NSString stringWithFormat: @"{\"tags\": \"%@\"}", offsetStr] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]; offsetStr is a string containing a Timezone offset (which can be any number between -12 and 12). For some reason, Urban Airship is making each character of the string into its own tag. I've tried to substitute the - for a string neg with the same results. What's wrong?

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  • Programming Quiz [closed]

    - by arin-s-rizk
    Hi one of my mates sent me this quiz see if you can guess the answers I will post mine later. In this quiz, some tasks related to the compilation process are listed. For each one of them, specify the part of the compiler that is responsible of performing it. Here are the possible answers: Lexical analyzer Parser Semantic analyzer None of the above Just fill the right choice (the number only) in the blank after each task: Checking that the parentheses in an expression are balanced _ _ _ _ _ Removing comments from the program _ _ _ _ _ Grouping input characters into "tokens" _ _ _ _ _ Reporting an error to the programmer about a missing (;) at the end of a C++ statement _ _ _ _ _ Checking if the type of the RHS (Right-Hand Side) of an assignment (=) is compatible with the LHS (Left-Hand Side) variable _ _ _ _ _ Converting the (AST) Abstract Syntax Tree into machine language _ _ _ _ _ Reporting an error about a strange character like '^' in a C++ program _ _ _ _ _ Optimizing the AST _ _ _ _ _

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  • Difference of answers while using split function in Ruby

    - by N L
    Given the following inputs: line1 = "Hey | Hello | Good | Morning" line2 = "Hey , Hello , Good , Morning" file1=length1=name1=title1=nil Using ',' to split the string as follows: file1, length1, name1, title1 = line2.split(/,\s*/) I get the following output: puts file1,length1,name1,title1 >Hey >Hello >Good >Morning However, using '|' to split the string I receive a different output: file1, length1, name1, title1 = line2.split(/|\s*/) puts file1,length1,name1,title1 >H >e >y Both the strings are same except the separating symbol (a comma in first case and a pipe in second case). The format of the split function I am using is also the same except, of course, for the delimiting character. What causes this variation?

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