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• Windows desktop virutalization instead of replacing work stations

  - by Chris Marisic

  I'm head of the IT department at the small business I work for, however I am primarily a software architect and all of my system administration experience and knowledge is ancillary to software development. At some point this year or next we will be looking at upgrading our workstation environment to a uniform Windows 7 / Office 2010 environment as opposed to the hodge podge collection of various OEM licensed editions of software that are on each different machine. It occurred to me that it is probably possible to forgo upgrading each workstation and instead have it be a dumb terminal to access a virutalization server and have their entire virtual workstation hosted on the server. Now I know basically anything is possible but is this a feasible solution for a small business (25-50 work stations)? Assuming that this is feasible, what type of rough guidelines exist for calculating the required server resources needed for this. How exactly do solutions handle a user accessing their VM, do they log on normally to their physical workstation and then use remote desktop to access their VM, or is it usually done with a client piece of software to negotiate this? What types of software available for administering and monitoring these VM's, can this functionality be achieved out of box with Microsoft Server 2008? I'm mostly interested in these questions relating to Server 2008 with Hyper-V but fell free to offer insight with VMware's product line up, especially if there's any compelling reasons to choose them over Hyper-V in a Microsoft shop. Edit: Just to add some more information on implementation goals would be to upgrade our platform from a Win2k3 / XP environment to a full Windows 2008 / Win7 platform without having to perform any of that associated work with our each differently configured workstation. Also could anyone offer any realistic guidelines for how big of hardware is needed to support 25-50 workstations virtually? The majority the workstations do nothing except Office, Outlook and web. The only high demand workstations are the development workstations which would keep everything local.

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• Corrupted NTFS Drive showing multiple unallocated partitions

  - by volting

  My external hdd with a single NTFS partition was accidentaly plugged out (kids!)... and is now corrupted. Iv tried running ntfsfix - with no luck - output below.. When I look at the disk under disk management in Windows 7 it shows up as having 5 partitions 2 of which are unallocated - none have drive letters and it is not possible to set any (that option and most others are greyed out) - so I can't run chkdsk /f Iv tried using Minitool partition wizard which was mentioned as a solution to another similar question here. It showed the whole drive as one partition, but as unallocated, and the option -- "Check File System" was greyout. Is there anything else I could try ? Output of fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500299395072 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930272256 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytest I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x69205244 This doesn't look like a partition table Probably you selected the wrong device. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 ? 218129509 1920119918 850995205 72 Unknown /dev/sdb2 ? 729050177 1273024900 271987362 74 Unknown /dev/sdb3 ? 168653938 168653938 0 65 Novell Netware 386 /dev/sdb4 2692939776 2692991410 25817+ 0 Empty Partition table entries are not in disk order Output of ntfsfix me@vaio:/dev$ sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb Mounting volume... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error FAILED Attempting to correct errors... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error FAILED Failed to startup volume: Input/output error Checking for self-located MFT segment... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument OK ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error Volume is corrupt. You should run chkdsk. Options available with MiniTool: Related questions: How to fix a damaged/corrupted NTFS filesystem/partition without losing the data on it? Repair corrupted NTFS File System

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• How Does EoR Design Work with Multi-tiered Data Center Topology

  - by S.C.

  I just did a ton of reading about the different multi-tier network topology options as outlined by Cisco, and now that I'm looking at the physical options (End of Row (EoR) vs Top of Rack(ToR)), I find myself confused about how these fit into the logical constructs. With ToR it also maps 1:1: at the top of each rack there is a switch(es) that essentially act as the access layer. They connect via fiber to other switches, maybe chassis-based, that act as the aggregation layer, that then connect to the core layer. With EoR it seems that the servers are connecting directly to the aggregation layer, skipping the access layer all together, by plugging directly into what are typically chassis switches. In EoR then is the standard 3-tier model now a 2-tier model: the servers go to the chassis switch which goes straight to the core switch? The reason it matters to me is that my understanding was that the 3-tier model was more desirable due to less complexity. The agg switch pair acts as default gateway and does routing; if you use up all of your ports in your agg layer pair it's much more complicated to add additional switches, than simply adding more switches at the access layer. Are there other downsides to this layout? Does this 3-tier architecture still apply in some way in EoR? Thanks.

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• Screen occasionally flashes black when under load, sometimes does not recover

  - by Oak

  I've built a brand new machine, but to my horror my monitor occasionally flashes black for around a second, then returning to normal. This happens under load (watching videos / playing games) but only sometimes; e.g. it doesn't occur in "Batman: Arkham City" but does in "XCOM: Enemy Unknown". When watching videos, it also occurs when not watching them full-screen, and it sometimes even occurs when the machine isn't doing anything, just sitting at the desktop and moving the mouse around. Has anyone ran into this problem and knows of any solution? Additionally, sometimes after the black screen, it won't return to normal, instead turning completely corrupt. In these cases even quitting the application doesn't help, but physically disconnecting and reconnecting the monitor fixes the problem. This problem did not occur on my earlier machine which used the same physical monitor. Additional details: Windows Server 2012, configured as Windows 8, with latest updates installed NVIDIA GeForce GTX 660 Ti, with latest driver installed Ample amounts of CPU and RAM for playing the above games and for watching videos. I've read about similar problems elsewhere but could not find a working solution: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zt00C-HXFbA&noredirect=1 http://www.sevenforums.com/hardware-devices/59126-monitor-flashing-black.html https://eu.battle.net/d3/en/forum/topic/4079098908?page=4 http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/347422-33-screen-flickering-black-nvidia-driver-update

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• Windows 7 caches FTP credentials?

  - by Martin Booka Weser

  On my remote maschine i have an iis 7.5 (win server 2008) and set up an ftp site with iis manager authentication. I then did active directory user isolation and isolated my users to physical folders according to their names. So far, so good. I can access with ftp cliens from everywhere with different test accounts that i previously set up in the iis manager auth. Every user connects to its own folder. When i now tested with windows 7 as a client i did the following. Explorer - computer - right click - add network address - the ip of my remote maschine - user1 - password1 Perfect - it works. I now want to connect with user2. So I deleted this network address and set up a new connection, but with user2 (or even anonymous) instead. Now the strange thing: Windows doesn't even ask me for a password again. It just connects me to the folder of the user1. I already disabled ftp caching in the IIS and i disabled the user1 account in IIS manager authentication! Still, if i set up a network connection with this windows 7 it connects to the folder user1 . No matter which username i use (anonymous, administrator, user2,...). And if i connect with other ftp clients or other computers it all works perfectly. So I assume that this one windows somehow caches the credentials... But then, why does the IIS still accepts this credentials even if i disabled this user1 account??? Thanks.

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• Messed up partitions... system will not boot!

  - by someguy

  I did a really dumb thing. cfdisk threw an error at me saying "FATAL ERROR: Bad primary partition 3: Partition ends in the final partial cylinder", so I installed Partition Table Doctor to see if I could fix the problem. When the program started up, it told me there were problems with my partitions, and asked if I wanted them fixed (cannot remember real message, but I believe it had something to do with the cylinder boundaries), so, blindly, without thinking of the consequences, I did. Now, my system will not boot. I tried booting from the Windows 7 installation CD. I went to install a fresh copy, but it said that "No drives were found". I then opened up diskpart. According to diskpart, there is only one partition, containing one volume, assigned the letter "C". Before, I had four partitions! It is also saying that the file system is RAW. Is there any way I can fix this? I have important data that I do not want to lose. Later on... I tried fdisk with the option -l, which lists the partition table(s), and this is what I got: Ignoring extra extended partition 4 Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 64 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x163df116 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 6 18 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 18 7851 62918572+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 13073 30402 139196416 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda3 13073 30402 139196416 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda3 13073 30403 139203193 7 HPFS/NTFS I don't know if this will help, but it's extra information, at least. Also, this is how I had my partitions: 40MB (Unallocated) 100MB (System Reserved) 60GB (Windows, C:) 40GB (Was reserved for secondary OS) ~132GB (Home, E:)

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• How to setup a hyper-v domain with internet access

  - by fynnbob

  First off let me say that I'm not a network admin or server guy, I know very little about that stuff. What I'm trying to do is setup a virtualized domain using hyper-V. Here is the configuration: Physical Server: 4Mb RAM Windows Server 2008 R2 running Hyper-V Virtual Environment: One Domain Controller running Windows Server 2008 R2 One Client running Windows Server 2008 R2 I have been successful in setting up a virtual domain controller and adding a virtual client to that domain controller but I'm stuck at trying to give the virtual Environment Internet access. I can give the client VM Internet access if I remove them from the virtual domain but once I add them back to the virtual domain, Internet access is gone. I've read articles describing many different ways this can be done (using RRAS with NAT, using a wireless connection, etc...) but all of those articles only cover a small piece of the setup and also seem to be geared towards people who know there way around networking and servers which I don't. I'd like to know more but my thing is software development and I have my hands full trying to keep up with everything in that realm. I simply want to setup a virtual domain with Internet access for testing. Can anyone point me to any "for Dummy's" type information on how to setup this type of environment or can anyone provide this kind of step-by-step help. Any help would be very much appreciated.

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• Accidentally dd'ed an image to wrong drive / overwrote partition table + NTFS partition start

  - by Kento Locatelli

  I screwed up and set the wrong output for dd when trying to copy a freenas iso, overwriting the wrong external hard drive. Ironically, I was trying to setup a freenas server for data backup... External drive is only used for data storage, system is entirely intact Drive had a single NTFS partition filing the entire device (2TB WD elements) Drive originally had an MBR partition table. Drive now shows as having a GPT, presumably from the freenas image. Drive was mounted at the time, with maybe a couple kB of data written/read after running dd Drive is just a few months old and healthy (regular SMART / fs checks) I have not reboot the OS (crunchbang) /proc/partition still holds the correct information (and has been stored) Have dd's output (records in / out / bytes) testdrive did not find any partitions on quick or deep search running photorec to recover the more important data (a couple recent plaintext files that hadn't been backed up yet). Vast majority of disk content ( 80%) is unnecessary media files. My current plan is to let photorec do it's thing, then recreate the mbr with gparted and use cfdisk to create another NTFS partition using the sector information from /sys/block/.../. Is that a good course of action (that is, a chance of success)? Or anything else I should try first? Possibly relevant information: dd if=FreeNAS-8.0.4-RELEASE-p3-x86.iso of=/dev/sdc: 194568+0 records in 194568+0 records out 99618816 bytes (100 MB) copied grep . /sys/block/sdc/sdc*/{start,size}: /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/start:2048 /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/size:3907022848 cat /proc/partitions: major minor #blocks name ** Snipped ** 8 32 1953512448 sdc 8 33 1953511424 sdc1 current fdisk -l output: WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000396746752 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

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• How to reinstall bootloader after migration to SSD

  - by hijarian

  I must say, it was difficult to name this question. Basically, I need to properly reinstall the bootloader on my system, because I already have the working system disks for my OSes. The long story is this: I had the large slow HDD with Windows7 & Debian Wheezy dual-boot on it, perfectly bootable. Then, I ordered the SSD drive and prepared my system partitions to fit onto the much smaller SSD. I wanted the following schema: 128 GB Windows 24 GB / on Debian 86 GB /home on Debian Strange size for /home because there's no such thing as true 256GB disk drive. So, I've prepared such a partitions on my initial HDD and installed the new SSD and then I loaded the GParted live USB (can't remember now how it was really named), and then just copypasted the partitions from HDD to SSD. So, now I have the following partitions across the physical disks: SSD 128 GB copy of original Windows partition 24 GB copy of presumably Debian / 86 GB copy of presumably Debian /home HDD 128 GB Windows 24 GB / on Debian 86 GB /home on Debian ... several other partitions with non-system data ... And the behavior of the system right after the Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V in GParted was as follows: no GRUB, system boots right into the Windows on HDD. In BIOS settings are to boot from SSD first. I managed to create the Debian Testing installation USB and loaded it into the rescue mode, found that it identified my SSD as /dev/sda and installed the GRUB to the /dev/sda. Now my system loads the GRUB which lists both Windows and Debian. From HDD. So, I am now back into initial position. Please, how I should set up the GRUB so it'll load the OSes correctly from SSD? Should I fire up my Debian, fiddle with the GRUB's config and reinstall it again to the same place (at SSD)?

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• Adding subnet to a vsphere with single vcenter and esxi host

  - by Ilya Rakhlin

  Let me start of by saying that I do not specialize in networking, I am in the process of adding additional VMs to a testing environment and wanted some recommendations. In this case I am running a single ESXI 5.1 host and a single Vcenter management server. The problem is, I need another range of IP addresses added to the existing setup; hopefully without reconfiguring everything. Currently the esxi host is configured to IP: 192.168.100.200, gateway: 192.168.100.1 and subnet: 255.255.255.0. All of the VMs are running some version of linux with hard coded IP addresses in that range, and using that subnet. The VMs I am about to deploy I want to be on the 192.168.101.X network. Is it possible to add an additional subnet to this existing system that will also communicate with the current subnet? The esxi host has 6 physical NICs but only one connected as it is only a testing system; not sure if that matters. Are there any other ways to accomplish this hopefully without restarting or at least reconfiguring the IP addresses for each VM? Reason: Due to the configuration of the VMs to run the applications that we need I am using a large amount of the current IPs in the potential range (mostly VIPs). I will be setting up a new version of this “environment” while keeping the old one, thus potentially running out of IP addresses.

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• Could hybrid SSD + HDD be made with fixed internal partitions?

  - by Aaron

  I was pretty close to getting Seagate's Momentus XT but have been scared off by the many problems reported on forums and feedback sites, especially in Mac Book Pros. So I'm waiting for mk 2 with some extra flash and better reliablilty I'm assuming will come out this year. What would suit me better though is a 32+500 hybrid drive where I have more control over what is on the flash drive and what is on the disk drive. So there are 2 physical partitions within the one 2.5" hard drive enclosure which use different media internally (32GB for core files and 500GB for data and multimedia). The partitions would be locked so they can't be changed. - Or even better, the disk driver just makes them appear as two disks to the OS that share the same bus... Perhaps it's ok if the bios just sees the first drive until the OS is loaded. Is either of it technically possible? Obviously difficult to market outside of the enthusiast market. The SSD memory modules can be pretty small right, so they could even make them a card that plugs into a secondary connection on the enclosure. That would be good for computer builders as well as for upgrading and recoverability. Then future operating systems could recognise these system SSD drives and automatically install the OS + swap files on it. While placing document libraries on the larger data drive. While in the longer term HDD will probably disapear there will always be a trade off between speed, storage size and expense.

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• High fan speed with no reason

  - by Klaus

  For a few weeks, the fans of my Lenovo B590 laptop, running on Xubuntu 14, turn to high speed a few minutes after it is turned on. The fans won't speed down until I turn the computer off. This is quite strange, since This didn't happen before The temperatures are quite low (are they ?) $sensors Adapter: Virtual device temp1: +36.0°C (crit = +88.0°C) temp2: +30.0°C (crit = +126.0°C) coretemp-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter Physical id 0: +37.0°C (high = +72.0°C, crit = +90.0°C) Core 0: +34.0°C (high = +72.0°C, crit = +90.0°C) Core 1: +31.0°C (high = +72.0°C, crit = +90.0°C) thinkpad-isa-0000 Adapter: ISA adapter fan1: 0 RPM pkg-temp-0-virtual-0 Adapter: Virtual device temp1: +37.0°C $sudo hddtemp /dev/sda /dev/sda: ST500LT012-9WS142: 33°C The computer is under low load: top - 08:30:15 up 16 min, 2 users, load average: 0.28, 0.23, 0.23 Tasks: 197 total, 1 running, 196 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.8 us, 0.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 98.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem: 3607944 total, 1973956 used, 1633988 free, 99660 buffers KiB Swap: 3744764 total, 0 used, 3744764 free. 789936 cached Mem The BIOS is up to date (and there are no fan settings in it) The fan is clean and dust-free Why would the BIOS turn the fans to high speed where there seem to be no reason for that ? It seems that we cannot control the fan manually with this model, so I guess the only solution is to understand why this happens.

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• Freebsd jail for an small company - checklist - what shouldn't forget

  - by cajwine

  Looking for an checklist for an "small company freebsd/jail server". Having pretty common starting point: FreeBSD jail (remote/headless) for the company: public web, email, ftp server, and private (maybe in the future partially public) wiki (foswiki) 4 physical persons, (6 email addresses) + one admin - others will never use ssh) have already done usual hardening on the host side (like pf, sshguard etc). my major components are: dovecot, exim, apache22, proftpd, perl5.14. Looking for an checklist, what I shouldn't forget. My plan: openssl self-signed certificates for exim, dovecot and proftpd (wildcard keys) openssl self-signed certificate for apache (later will go for "trusted-signed" key) My questions are: is is an "good practice" having one pair of wildcard SSL-certificates for many programs? (exim, dovecot, proftpd) - or should I generate one key for each service? should I add all 4 persons as standard (unix) users, or I should go with virtual users? Asking because: have only small count of users, and it is more simple to configure everything (exim, dovecot) for local users ($HOME/Maildir), plus ability to set $HOME/.forward/vacation and etc. is here some (special) things what I should consider? (e.g. maybe, in the future we want setup our own webmail - will make this any difference?) any other recommendation? Thank you, hoping that this question fit into the http://serverfault.com/faq under the: Server and Business Workstation operating systems, hardware, software Operations, maintenance, and monitoring Looking for an checklist, but please explain why you're recommending it. See Good Subjective, Bad Subjective. related: What's your suggested mail server configuration for a FreeBSD server?

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• How to sandbox a VMWare image as much as possible

  - by Craig H

  The situation: -A corporate environment, with a corporate managed XP desktop (locked down, patched regularly, restricted user rights, no manual install of SW, AV, etc.) The requirement: -Using VMWare Workstation, run a sandboxed image (also XP) for specific testing purposes (with admin rights in the guest VM). No network connectivity is required. It can't be a separate standalone physical workstation disconnected from the network. (FWIW, this is a legitimate, sanctioned requirement - not someone trying to get around corporate restrictions.) The challenge: -Do this in as safe/secure a manner as possible. The proposed solution: -Create an image with host-only networking. -Perhaps remove the virtual ethernet adapter? (not sure if it's required for basic VMWare functionality?) The question (finally): -What potential risks remain (and how could I best mitigate them)? One challenge is that the guest VM will not be a managed workstation itself, so patching, AV, etc. can't be guaranteed (and, ironically, would in fact be somewhat difficult given the proposed solution!)

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• Ubuntu xrandr rotate issue

  - by user83544

  I've just bought a second monitor for my PC which happens to be a pivot monitor. I've already read lots of forums related to my problem but haven't come across a solution - I have the same symptoms as dozens of posts but no matter whatever I try it just doesn't work. I've already changed the xorg.conf file and added in the device section just under Driver "nvidia" the following for my second monitor: Option "RandRRotation" "on" When I save and reboot I try to rotate my screen with the nvidia X server settings by choosing the second monitor and clicking either "left" or "right" for the rotation. It immediately exits the nvidia settings window and does nothing. I tried within the terminal by typing: xrandr -o right I get the following error: X Error of failed request: BadMatch (invalid parameter attributes) Major opcode of failed request: 154 (RANDR) Minor opcode of failed request: 2 (RRSetScreenConfig) Serial number of failed request: 14 Current serial number in output stream: 14 I actually manage to rotate it with Option "Rotate" "CCW" instead of "RandRRotation". The problem with this solution is that you get the second monitor in the right position, but any window you open on that screen is practically unchangeable. You can't change the size nor move it, making it useless for reading PDFs, which is the main reason why I bought this second screen to help me write my thesis. Any help is really appreciated. sudo lshw -c video hiram@hiram-linux:~$ sudo lshw -c video *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: nVidia Corporation vendor: nVidia Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: a1 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:f8000000-f9ffffff memory:d8000000-dfffffff memory:d4000000-d7ffffff ioport:dc00(size=12 memory:fbd80000-fbdfffff

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• SQL Server Installation: Is it 32 or 64 bit?

  - by CapBBeard

  Hi, Recently I was performing an OS upgrade on one of our DB servers, moving from Server 2003 to Server 2008. The DBMS is SQL Server 2005. While reinstalling SQL on the new Windows installation, I went to another of our DB servers to verify a couple of settings. Now, I always thought this second server was Server 2003 x64 + SQL 2005 x64 (from what I'd been told), but I now have my doubts about this. I now suspect that it is in fact only 32 bit SQL, however I'd like to verify this. Here's some details: The OS is definitely 64 bit. xp_msver shows Platform as NT INTEL X86 SELECT @@VERSION shows Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - 9.00.4035.00 (Intel X86)... However sqlservr.exe is not shown with '* 32' in taskmgr, does anyone know why this is the case, if it is in fact 32 bit as claimed? Despite this, it does seem to be running out of the x86 program files folder. If I do the same checks on a confirmed 64 bit installation, it does give back the expected 64 bit readings, which can only prove that this server in question is only running in 32 bit. Now, that being the case, the question arises about how much memory this '32 bit' install can use. Task manager reports about 3.5GB memory usage for sqlservr.exe (The server has 16GB physical). I suspect that AWE has not been configured at all, and therefore the server will be significantly under-utilised (remembering that the OS is 64 bit) if SQL is simply using a 32bit address space. Is this assumption correct? I feel the server should have SQL reinstalled as 64 bit in order to fully utilise the hardware platform, however it is currently heavily in production; this will be no easy task. I suspect we may just have to configure AWE correctly and let it be for the time being (Unless this is a bad idea?). I apologise that this question is a little vague/lost; I'm no SQL expert, just trying to get a handle on what's going on here.

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• How do I prevent a tar pipe from causing swapping?

  - by Jeff Shattock

  I have a rather large filesystem that I need to transfer from one Linux server to another. I figured the best way to do this was via a tar/netcat pipe arrangment, something like tar c . | pv | nc blah blah blah And it works great, the network stays fairly saturated, life is good. Until the source machine starts swapping. The files are on a raid on the source system, so the read speed is much faster than the write speed on the other end. Since the dest machine hasnt picked up the data yet, the source machine needs to stick it somewhere, so into RAM it goes, until there is no more free RAM. It then starts swapping, which is horribly painful since that machine has its OS installed on a somewhat slow CF card. Both machines have 4GB of physical ram, 64 bit Ubuntu 9.04 server. GigE link between them. How do I prevent this swapping? Can I put a "speed-limit" on the tar or netcat process so that the transfer speed doesn't overwhelm the write throughput on the destination end? The man pages didn't list anything, but there might be something I'm overlooking.

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• How to completely disable IPv6 for loopback interface on RHEL 5.6

  - by Marc D

  I've done lots of research on how to disable IPv6 on RedHat Linux and I have it almost completely disabled. However the loopback interface is still getting an inet6 loopback address (::1/128). I can't find where IPV6 is still enabled for loopback. To disable IPV6 I added the following settings to /etc/sysctl.conf: net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1 net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 And also added the following line to /etc/sysconfig/network: NETWORKING_IPV6=no After rebooting, the inet6 address is gone from my physical interface (eth0), but is still there for lo: # ip addr show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:50:56:xx:xx:xx brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.x.x.x/21 brd 10.x.x.x scope global eth0 If I manually remove the IPV6 address from loopback and then bounce the interface, it comes back: # ip addr del ::1/128 dev lo # ip addr show lo 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo # ip link set lo down # ip link set lo up # ip addr show lo 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever I believe IPV6 should be disabled at the kernel level as confirmed by sysctl: # sysctl net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1 Any ideas on what else would cause the loopback interface to get an IPV6 address?

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• Windows Server 2008 R2 Virtual Network Setup

  - by jpearl01

  Some background: I'm very much new to networking in general, and virtualization in particular. I'm trying to set up a series of VMs as we are transitioning to a thin client setup. I have been supplied a limited number of static ip addresses. The server is located in an offsite building which houses the network we use to connect to the internet, share folders etc. The setup I've been trying to go for is this: The host OS (Windows Server 2008 R2) is bound to one nic using one of the static ips (say, Nic1 and ip 10.255.6.61). I've set up another external virtual network attached to another physical nic , and a virtual private network attached to no nic. There is one VM running the same os (as the host). This VM is connected to both the external virtual network (and uses another static ip say Nic2 and ip 10.255.6.62) and also to the virtual private network (I gave it a static random ip 192.168.88.1 subnet mask 255.255.255.0). This virtual private network is connected to all the other VMs. I'd like to share the internet connection with all the other VMs on the private virtual network, and so I installed the RRAS role on the server connected to Nic2, and selected the option to share the internet over the vpn. I've run through the RRAS wizard a few times, trying different configurations, but none of them seem to be letting the other vms connect to the 'net. The vms seem to connect to the virtual private network fine, they are assigned an ip address and everything, but no internet, and no rest of the network either. The other problem is in general I connect to the vms with RDP. Will that be possible with a setup like this? i.e. will the vms show up as computers on the network? If not, what are my other options? Thanks! ~josh

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• dd on entire disk, but do not want empty portion

  - by Jonathan Henson

  I have a disk, say /dev/sda. Here is fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 64.0 GB, 64023257088 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7783 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000e4b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 27 209920 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 27 525 4000768 5 Extended Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda5 27 353 2621440 83 Linux /dev/sda6 353 405 416768 83 Linux /dev/sda7 405 490 675840 83 Linux /dev/sda8 490 525 282624 83 Linux I need to make an image to store on our file server for use in flashing other devices we are manufacturing so I only want the used space (only about 4gb). I want to keep the mbr etc... as this device should be boot ready as soon as the copy is finished. Any ideas? I previously had been using dd if=/dev/sda of=[//fileserver/file], but at that time, my master copy was on a 4gb flash ide.

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• Dell Vostro Desktop error

  - by goldenmean

  Faced a strange situation at work today. We have people sitting at a table on opposite sides, with power cables underneath the table. This morning when the person sitting opposite to me banged his feet on ground, it disturbed the power cable to my PC and it turned-off. So when I turned it on, it says, "No boot device found" Press F1 to setup or F5 to perform test... There was no physical impact/crash/fall of the desktop cabinet, which could have crashed/damaged the hard disk physically. EDIT: The OS is Windows 7 So I tried to recognize it in the Bios setup, but even there it could not find the SATA disk that is connected to this machine. So then I opened the cabinet, removed the power supply and plugged it back again. Tried to reboot, same error, "Boot device not found" It is not recognizing the hard disk. Any ideas about what might be wrong? Hard-disk crash, OS Crash(But it doesn't even go to the point of loading the disk after the initial Bios execution, so doubt this...) Any pointers about how I should proceed to troubleshoot/solve this error are welcome.

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• Cannot open root device xvda1 or unknown-block(0,0)

  - by svoop

  I'm putting together a Dom0 and three DomU (all Gentoo) with kernel 3.5.7 and Xen 4.1.1. Each Dom has it's own md (md0 for Dom0, md1 for Dom1 etc). Dom0 works fine so far, however, I'm stuck trying to create DomUs. It appears the xvda1 device on DomU is not created or accessible: Parsing config file dom1 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_allocate: cmdline="root=/dev/xvda1 console=hvc0 root=/dev/xvda1 ro 3", features="(null)" domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_kernel_mem: called domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_boot_xen_init: ver 4.1, caps xen-3.0-x86_64 xen-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_32 hvm-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_64 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_parse_image: called domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_find_loader: trying multiboot-binary loader ... domainbuilder: detail: loader probe failed domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_find_loader: trying Linux bzImage loader ... domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_malloc : 10530 kB domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_do_gunzip: unzip ok, 0x2f7a4f -> 0xa48888 domainbuilder: detail: loader probe OK xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x1000000 memsz=0x558000 xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x1558000 memsz=0x690e8 xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x15c2000 memsz=0x127c0 xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x15d5000 memsz=0x533000 xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: memory: 0x1000000 -> 0x1b08000 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: GUEST_OS = "linux" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: GUEST_VERSION = "2.6" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: XEN_VERSION = "xen-3.0" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: VIRT_BASE = 0xffffffff80000000 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: ENTRY = 0xffffffff815d5210 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: HYPERCALL_PAGE = 0xffffffff81001000 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: FEATURES = "!writable_page_tables|pae_pgdir_above_4gb" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: PAE_MODE = "yes" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: LOADER = "generic" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: unknown xen elf note (0xd) xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: SUSPEND_CANCEL = 0x1 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: HV_START_LOW = 0xffff800000000000 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: PADDR_OFFSET = 0x0 xc: detail: elf_xen_addr_calc_check: addresses: xc: detail: virt_base = 0xffffffff80000000 xc: detail: elf_paddr_offset = 0x0 xc: detail: virt_offset = 0xffffffff80000000 xc: detail: virt_kstart = 0xffffffff81000000 xc: detail: virt_kend = 0xffffffff81b08000 xc: detail: virt_entry = 0xffffffff815d5210 xc: detail: p2m_base = 0xffffffffffffffff domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_parse_elf_kernel: xen-3.0-x86_64: 0xffffffff81000000 -> 0xffffffff81b08000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_mem_init: mem 5000 MB, pages 0x138800 pages, 4k each domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_mem_init: 0x138800 pages domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_boot_mem_init: called domainbuilder: detail: x86_compat: guest xen-3.0-x86_64, address size 64 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_malloc : 10000 kB domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_build_image: called domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_segment: kernel : 0xffffffff81000000 -> 0xffffffff81b08000 (pfn 0x1000 + 0xb08 pages) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x1000+0xb08 at 0x7fdec9b85000 xc: detail: elf_load_binary: phdr 0 at 0x0x7fdec9b85000 -> 0x0x7fdeca0dd000 xc: detail: elf_load_binary: phdr 1 at 0x0x7fdeca0dd000 -> 0x0x7fdeca1460e8 xc: detail: elf_load_binary: phdr 2 at 0x0x7fdeca147000 -> 0x0x7fdeca1597c0 xc: detail: elf_load_binary: phdr 3 at 0x0x7fdeca15a000 -> 0x0x7fdeca1cd000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_segment: phys2mach : 0xffffffff81b08000 -> 0xffffffff824cc000 (pfn 0x1b08 + 0x9c4 pages) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x1b08+0x9c4 at 0x7fdec91c1000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_page : start info : 0xffffffff824cc000 (pfn 0x24cc) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_page : xenstore : 0xffffffff824cd000 (pfn 0x24cd) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_page : console : 0xffffffff824ce000 (pfn 0x24ce) domainbuilder: detail: nr_page_tables: 0x0000ffffffffffff/48: 0xffff000000000000 -> 0xffffffffffffffff, 1 table(s) domainbuilder: detail: nr_page_tables: 0x0000007fffffffff/39: 0xffffff8000000000 -> 0xffffffffffffffff, 1 table(s) domainbuilder: detail: nr_page_tables: 0x000000003fffffff/30: 0xffffffff80000000 -> 0xffffffffbfffffff, 1 table(s) domainbuilder: detail: nr_page_tables: 0x00000000001fffff/21: 0xffffffff80000000 -> 0xffffffff827fffff, 20 table(s) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_segment: page tables : 0xffffffff824cf000 -> 0xffffffff824e6000 (pfn 0x24cf + 0x17 pages) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x24cf+0x17 at 0x7fdece676000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_page : boot stack : 0xffffffff824e6000 (pfn 0x24e6) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_build_image : virt_alloc_end : 0xffffffff824e7000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_build_image : virt_pgtab_end : 0xffffffff82800000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_boot_image: called domainbuilder: detail: arch_setup_bootearly: doing nothing domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: xen-3.0-x86_64 <= matches domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: xen-3.0-x86_32p domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: hvm-3.0-x86_32 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: hvm-3.0-x86_32p domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: hvm-3.0-x86_64 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_update_guest_p2m: dst 64bit, pages 0x138800 domainbuilder: detail: clear_page: pfn 0x24ce, mfn 0x37ddee domainbuilder: detail: clear_page: pfn 0x24cd, mfn 0x37ddef domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x24cc+0x1 at 0x7fdece675000 domainbuilder: detail: start_info_x86_64: called domainbuilder: detail: setup_hypercall_page: vaddr=0xffffffff81001000 pfn=0x1001 domainbuilder: detail: domain builder memory footprint domainbuilder: detail: allocated domainbuilder: detail: malloc : 20658 kB domainbuilder: detail: anon mmap : 0 bytes domainbuilder: detail: mapped domainbuilder: detail: file mmap : 0 bytes domainbuilder: detail: domU mmap : 21392 kB domainbuilder: detail: arch_setup_bootlate: shared_info: pfn 0x0, mfn 0xbaa6f domainbuilder: detail: shared_info_x86_64: called domainbuilder: detail: vcpu_x86_64: called domainbuilder: detail: vcpu_x86_64: cr3: pfn 0x24cf mfn 0x37dded domainbuilder: detail: launch_vm: called, ctxt=0x7fff224e4ea0 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_release: called Daemon running with PID 4639 [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.5.7-gentoo (root@majordomo) (gcc version 4.5.4 (Gentoo 4.5.4 p1.0, pie-0.4.7) ) #1 SMP Tue Nov 20 10:49:51 CET 2012 [ 0.000000] Command line: root=/dev/xvda1 console=hvc0 root=/dev/xvda1 ro 3 [ 0.000000] ACPI in unprivileged domain disabled [ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] Xen: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009ffff] usable [ 0.000000] Xen: [mem 0x00000000000a0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] Xen: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000138ffffff] usable [ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active [ 0.000000] MPS support code is not built-in. [ 0.000000] Using acpi=off or acpi=noirq or pci=noacpi may have problem [ 0.000000] DMI not present or invalid. [ 0.000000] No AGP bridge found [ 0.000000] e820: last_pfn = 0x139000 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000 [ 0.000000] e820: last_pfn = 0x100000 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000 [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00000000-0xffffffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x100000000-0x138ffffff] [ 0.000000] NUMA turned off [ 0.000000] Faking a node at [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000138ffffff] [ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x00000000-0x138ffffff] [ 0.000000] NODE_DATA [mem 0x1387fc000-0x1387fffff] [ 0.000000] Zone ranges: [ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x00010000-0x00ffffff] [ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x01000000-0xffffffff] [ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x100000000-0x138ffffff] [ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00010000-0x0009ffff] [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00100000-0x138ffffff] [ 0.000000] SMP: Allowing 1 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs [ 0.000000] No local APIC present [ 0.000000] APIC: disable apic facility [ 0.000000] APIC: switched to apic NOOP [ 0.000000] e820: cannot find a gap in the 32bit address range [ 0.000000] e820: PCI devices with unassigned 32bit BARs may break! [ 0.000000] e820: [mem 0x139100000-0x1394fffff] available for PCI devices [ 0.000000] Booting paravirtualized kernel on Xen [ 0.000000] Xen version: 4.1.1 (preserve-AD) [ 0.000000] setup_percpu: NR_CPUS:64 nr_cpumask_bits:64 nr_cpu_ids:1 nr_node_ids:1 [ 0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 26 pages/cpu @ffff880138400000 s75712 r8192 d22592 u2097152 [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Node order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 1259871 [ 0.000000] Policy zone: Normal [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/xvda1 console=hvc0 root=/dev/xvda1 ro 3 [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) [ 0.000000] __ex_table already sorted, skipping sort [ 0.000000] Checking aperture... [ 0.000000] No AGP bridge found [ 0.000000] Memory: 4943980k/5128192k available (3937k kernel code, 448k absent, 183764k reserved, 1951k data, 524k init) [ 0.000000] SLUB: Genslabs=15, HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1 [ 0.000000] Hierarchical RCU implementation. [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:4352 nr_irqs:256 16 [ 0.000000] Console: colour dummy device 80x25 [ 0.000000] console [tty0] enabled [ 0.000000] console [hvc0] enabled [ 0.000000] installing Xen timer for CPU 0 [ 0.000000] Detected 3411.602 MHz processor. [ 0.000999] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 6823.20 BogoMIPS (lpj=3411602) [ 0.000999] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301 [ 0.000999] Security Framework initialized [ 0.001355] Dentry cache hash table entries: 1048576 (order: 11, 8388608 bytes) [ 0.002974] Inode-cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4194304 bytes) [ 0.003441] Mount-cache hash table entries: 256 [ 0.003595] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct [ 0.003599] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer [ 0.003637] ENERGY_PERF_BIAS: Set to 'normal', was 'performance' [ 0.003637] ENERGY_PERF_BIAS: View and update with x86_energy_perf_policy(8) [ 0.003643] CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0 [ 0.003645] CPU: Processor Core ID: 0 [ 0.003702] SMP alternatives: switching to UP code [ 0.011791] Freeing SMP alternatives: 12k freed [ 0.011835] Performance Events: unsupported p6 CPU model 42 no PMU driver, software events only. [ 0.011886] Brought up 1 CPUs [ 0.011998] Grant tables using version 2 layout. [ 0.012009] Grant table initialized [ 0.012034] NET: Registered protocol family 16 [ 0.012328] PCI: setting up Xen PCI frontend stub [ 0.015089] bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0 [ 0.015158] ACPI: Interpreter disabled. [ 0.015180] xen/balloon: Initialising balloon driver. [ 0.015180] xen-balloon: Initialising balloon driver. [ 0.015180] vgaarb: loaded [ 0.016126] SCSI subsystem initialized [ 0.016314] PCI: System does not support PCI [ 0.016320] PCI: System does not support PCI [ 0.016435] NetLabel: Initializing [ 0.016438] NetLabel: domain hash size = 128 [ 0.016440] NetLabel: protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4 [ 0.016447] NetLabel: unlabeled traffic allowed by default [ 0.016475] Switching to clocksource xen [ 0.017434] pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled [ 0.017501] NET: Registered protocol family 2 [ 0.017864] IP route cache hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes) [ 0.019322] TCP established hash table entries: 524288 (order: 11, 8388608 bytes) [ 0.020376] TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes) [ 0.020497] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 524288 bind 65536) [ 0.020500] TCP: reno registered [ 0.020525] UDP hash table entries: 4096 (order: 5, 131072 bytes) [ 0.020564] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 4096 (order: 5, 131072 bytes) [ 0.020624] NET: Registered protocol family 1 [ 0.020658] PCI-DMA: Using software bounce buffering for IO (SWIOTLB) [ 0.020662] software IO TLB [mem 0xfb632000-0xff631fff] (64MB) mapped at [ffff8800fb632000-ffff8800ff631fff] [ 0.020750] platform rtc_cmos: registered platform RTC device (no PNP device found) [ 0.021378] HugeTLB registered 2 MB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages [ 0.023378] msgmni has been set to 9656 [ 0.023544] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 253) [ 0.023549] io scheduler noop registered [ 0.023551] io scheduler deadline registered [ 0.023580] io scheduler cfq registered (default) [ 0.023650] pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5 [ 0.023845] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled [ 0.024082] Non-volatile memory driver v1.3 [ 0.024085] Linux agpgart interface v0.103 [ 0.024207] Event-channel device installed. [ 0.024265] [drm] Initialized drm 1.1.0 20060810 [ 0.024268] [drm:i915_init] *ERROR* drm/i915 can't work without intel_agp module! [ 0.025145] brd: module loaded [ 0.025565] loop: module loaded [ 0.045646] Initialising Xen virtual ethernet driver. [ 0.198264] i8042: PNP: No PS/2 controller found. Probing ports directly. [ 0.199096] i8042: No controller found [ 0.199139] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice [ 0.259303] rtc_cmos rtc_cmos: rtc core: registered rtc_cmos as rtc0 [ 0.259353] rtc_cmos: probe of rtc_cmos failed with error -38 [ 0.259440] md: raid1 personality registered for level 1 [ 0.259542] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (16384 buckets, 65536 max) [ 0.259732] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team [ 0.259747] TCP: cubic registered [ 0.259886] NET: Registered protocol family 10 [ 0.260031] ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team [ 0.260070] sit: IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver [ 0.260194] NET: Registered protocol family 17 [ 0.260213] Bridge firewalling registered [ 5.360075] XENBUS: Waiting for devices to initialise: 25s...20s...15s...10s...5s...0s...235s...230s...225s...220s...215s...210s...205s...200s...195s...190s...185s...180s...175s...170s...165s...160s...155s...150s...145s...140s...135s...130s...125s...120s...115s...110s...105s...100s...95s...90s...85s...80s...75s...70s...65s...60s...55s...50s...45s...40s...35s...30s...25s...20s...15s...10s...5s...0s... [ 270.360180] XENBUS: Timeout connecting to device: device/vbd/51713 (local state 3, remote state 1) [ 270.360273] md: Waiting for all devices to be available before autodetect [ 270.360277] md: If you don't use raid, use raid=noautodetect [ 270.360388] md: Autodetecting RAID arrays. [ 270.360392] md: Scanned 0 and added 0 devices. [ 270.360394] md: autorun ... [ 270.360395] md: ... autorun DONE. [ 270.360431] VFS: Cannot open root device "xvda1" or unknown-block(0,0): error -6 [ 270.360435] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions: [ 270.360440] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) [ 270.360444] Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.5.7-gentoo #1 [ 270.360446] Call Trace: [ 270.360454] [<ffffffff813d2205>] ? panic+0xbe/0x1c5 [ 270.360459] [<ffffffff813d2358>] ? printk+0x4c/0x51 [ 270.360464] [<ffffffff815d5fb7>] ? mount_block_root+0x24f/0x26d [ 270.360469] [<ffffffff815d62b6>] ? prepare_namespace+0x168/0x192 [ 270.360474] [<ffffffff815d5ca7>] ? kernel_init+0x1b0/0x1c2 [ 270.360477] [<ffffffff815d5500>] ? loglevel+0x34/0x34 [ 270.360482] [<ffffffff813d5a64>] ? kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10 [ 270.360486] [<ffffffff813d4038>] ? retint_restore_args+0x5/0x6 [ 270.360490] [<ffffffff813d5a60>] ? gs_change+0x13/0x13 The config: name = "dom1" bootloader = "/usr/bin/pygrub" root = "/dev/xvda1 ro" extra = "3" # runlevel memory = 5000 disk = [ 'phy:/dev/md1,xvda1,w' ] # vif = [ 'ip=..., vifname=veth1' ] # none for now Here are some details on the Dom0 kernel (grepping for "xen"): CONFIG_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_DOM0=y CONFIG_XEN_PRIVILEGED_GUEST=y CONFIG_XEN_PVHVM=y CONFIG_XEN_MAX_DOMAIN_MEMORY=500 CONFIG_XEN_SAVE_RESTORE=y CONFIG_PCI_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_PCIDEV_FRONTEND=y # CONFIG_XEN_BLKDEV_FRONTEND is not set CONFIG_XEN_BLKDEV_BACKEND=y # CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_FRONTEND is not set CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_BACKEND=y CONFIG_INPUT_XEN_KBDDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_HVC_XEN=y CONFIG_HVC_XEN_FRONTEND=y # CONFIG_XEN_WDT is not set # CONFIG_XEN_FBDEV_FRONTEND is not set # Xen driver support CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON=y # CONFIG_XEN_SELFBALLOONING is not set CONFIG_XEN_SCRUB_PAGES=y CONFIG_XEN_DEV_EVTCHN=y CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND=y CONFIG_XENFS=y CONFIG_XEN_COMPAT_XENFS=y CONFIG_XEN_SYS_HYPERVISOR=y CONFIG_XEN_XENBUS_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_XEN_GNTDEV=m CONFIG_XEN_GRANT_DEV_ALLOC=m CONFIG_SWIOTLB_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_TMEM=y CONFIG_XEN_PCIDEV_BACKEND=m CONFIG_XEN_PRIVCMD=y CONFIG_XEN_ACPI_PROCESSOR=m And the DomU kernel (grepping for "xen"): CONFIG_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_DOM0=y CONFIG_XEN_PRIVILEGED_GUEST=y CONFIG_XEN_PVHVM=y CONFIG_XEN_MAX_DOMAIN_MEMORY=500 CONFIG_XEN_SAVE_RESTORE=y CONFIG_PCI_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_PCIDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_XEN_BLKDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_INPUT_XEN_KBDDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_HVC_XEN=y CONFIG_HVC_XEN_FRONTEND=y # CONFIG_XEN_WDT is not set # CONFIG_XEN_FBDEV_FRONTEND is not set # Xen driver support CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON=y # CONFIG_XEN_SELFBALLOONING is not set CONFIG_XEN_SCRUB_PAGES=y CONFIG_XEN_DEV_EVTCHN=y # CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND is not set CONFIG_XENFS=y CONFIG_XEN_COMPAT_XENFS=y CONFIG_XEN_SYS_HYPERVISOR=y CONFIG_XEN_XENBUS_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_XEN_GNTDEV=m CONFIG_XEN_GRANT_DEV_ALLOC=m CONFIG_SWIOTLB_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_TMEM=y CONFIG_XEN_PRIVCMD=y CONFIG_XEN_ACPI_PROCESSOR=m Any ideas what I'm doing wrong here? Thanks a lot!

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• Unexpected multiple network connections on Windows Vista

  - by Jens

  My Network and Sharing Center shows multiple connections to the internet, where only one is expected: My internet access works fine, but since the "Unidentified Network" is set to public after each boot, sharing and network discovery don't work as well. Similar questions on Google point mostly to the Bonjour service, but I am sure that this is not, and never was, installed on this machine. So: How can I get rid of the unidentified network? Output of ipconfig /all: Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : ***** Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : mySuffix Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : mySuffix Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) 82567LF-3 Gigabit Network Connection Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-19-99-65-F0-B2 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::c90:2d23:7651:42f%10(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.141.130(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 13 November 2012 09:40:54 Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 21 November 2012 09:45:01 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.141.109 192.168.141.108 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.141.120 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 218110361 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-12-DD-00-AF-00-19-99-65-F0-B2 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 13: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : mySuffix Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft ISATAP Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes

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• tc u32 --- how to match L2 protocols in recent kernels?

  - by brownian

  I have a nice shaper, with hashed filtering, built at a linux bridge. In short, br0 connects external and internal physical interfaces, VLAN tagged packets are bridged "transparently" (I mean, no VLAN interfaces are there). Now, different kernels do it differently. I can be wrong with exact kernel verions ranges, please forgive me. Thanks. 2.6.26 So, in debian, 2.6.26 and up (up to 2.6.32, I believe) --- this works: tc filter add dev internal protocol 802.1q parent 1:0 prio 100 \ u32 ht 1:64 match ip dst 192.168.1.100 flowid 1:200 Here, "kernel" matches two bytes in "protocol" field with 0x8100, but counts the beginning of ip packet as a "zero position" (sorry for my English, if I'm a bit unclear). 2.6.32 Again, in debian (I've not built vanilla kernel), 2.6.32-5 --- this works: tc filter add dev internal protocol 802.1q parent 1:0 prio 100 \ u32 ht 1:64 match ip dst 192.168.1.100 at 20 flowid 1:200 Here, "kernel" matches the same for protocol, but counts offset from the beginning of this protocol's header --- I have to add 4 bytes to offset (20, not 16 for dst address). It's ok, seems more logical, as for me. 3.2.11, the latest stable now This works --- as if there is no 802.1q tag at all: tc filter add dev internal protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 100 \ u32 ht 1:64 match ip dst 192.168.1.100 flowid 1:200 The problem is that I couldn't find a way to match 802.1q tag so far. Matching 802.1q tag at past I could do this before as follows: tc filter add dev internal protocol 802.1q parent 1:0 prio 100 \ u32 match u16 0x0ed8 0x0fff at -4 flowid 1:300 Now I'm unable to match 802.1q tag with at 0, at -2, at -4, at -6 or like that. The main issue that I have zero hits count --- this filter is not being checked at all, "wrong protocol", in other words. Please, anyone, help me :-) Thanks!

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• Linux kernel - can't access sda16 & sda17

  - by osgx

  I can't access sda16 sda17 and higher partitions from my linux. This linux is rather debian (very old); kernel 2.6.23. So, I know that so old linux kernel can't access 16 partitions on single sata disk. What version of kernel should I use to be able access sda16, sda17 etc? I want to update only a kernel, not a whole Linux distribution. PS. There is an WindowsNT kernel which can access and format 16, 17 or higher partition, but my intention is to use sda16 and sda17 from linux (I want Linux Kernel). PPS: dmesg: sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 < sda5 sda6 sda7 sda8 sda9 sda10 sda11 sda12 sda13 sda14 sda15 > sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] xxx 512-byte hardware sectors ... So, there is no mapping of sda16, sda17, ... to sdb. Sdb is the second physical hard drive.

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