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  • WPF EventRouting to Children

    - by Shaun Bowe
    Is there any way to broadcast a RoutedEvent to all of my children in WPF? For example lets say I have a Window that has 4 children. 2 of them know about the RoutedEvent 'DisplayYourself' and are listening for it. How can I raise this event from the window and have it sent to all children? I looked at RoutingStrategy and Bubble is the wrong direction, Tunnel and Direct don't work because I don't know which children I want to send this to. I just want to broadcast this message and have whoever cares about it handle it. update: I declared the events in a static class. public static class StaticEventClass { public static readonly RoutedEvent ClickEvent = EventManager.RegisterRoutedEvent("Click", RoutingStrategy.Bubble, typeof(RoutedEventHandler), typeof(StaticEventClass)); public static readonly RoutedEvent DrawEvent = EventManager.RegisterRoutedEvent("Draw", RoutingStrategy.Bubble, typeof(RoutedEventHandler), typeof(StaticEventClass)); } The problem is when I raise the event from my window, the children never see it. RoutedEventArgs args = new RoutedEventArgs(StaticEventClass.DrawEvent, this); this.RaiseEvent(args); update again.. Here is the handler in the child. public ChildClass() { this.AddHandler(StaticEventClass.DrawEvent, new RoutedEventHandler(ChildClass_Draw)); }

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  • Strict doctype - form and input element

    - by David
    Does anyone know the reasoning behind the strict doctype not allowing input elements to be direct descendents of a form element. I find it annoying that i have to wrap a submit button which is a block level element inside another block level element say a fieldset or a div. However, I cannot find an answer anywhere as to why this actually is.

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  • Designing a database file format

    - by RoliSoft
    I would like to design my own database engine for educational purposes, for the time being. Designing a binary file format is not hard nor the question, I've done it in the past, but while designing a database file format, I have come across a very important question: How to handle the deletion of an item? So far, I've thought of the following two options: Each item will have a "deleted" bit which is set to 1 upon deletion. Pro: relatively fast. Con: potentially sensitive data will remain in the file. 0x00 out the whole item upon deletion. Pro: potentially sensitive data will be removed from the file. Con: relatively slow. Recreating the whole database. Pro: no empty blocks which makes the follow-up question void. Con: it's a really good idea to overwrite the whole 4 GB database file because a user corrected a typo. I will sell this method to Twitter ASAP! Now let's say you already have a few empty blocks in your database (deleted items). The follow-up question is how to handle the insertion of a new item? Append the item to the end of the file. Pro: fastest possible. Con: file will get huge because of all the empty blocks that remain because deleted items aren't actually deleted. Search for an empty block exactly the size of the one you're inserting. Pro: may get rid of some blocks. Con: you may end up scanning the whole file at each insert only to find out it's very unlikely to come across a perfectly fitting empty block. Find the first empty block which is equal or larger than the item you're inserting. Pro: you probably won't end up scanning the whole file, as you will find an empty block somewhere mid-way; this will keep the file size relatively low. Con: there will still be lots of leftover 0x00 bytes at the end of items which were inserted into bigger empty blocks than they are. Rigth now, I think the first deletion method and the last insertion method are probably the "best" mix, but they would still have their own small issues. Alternatively, the first insertion method and scheduled full database recreation. (Probably not a good idea when working with really large databases. Also, each small update in that method will clone the whole item to the end of the file, thus accelerating file growth at a potentially insane rate.) Unless there is a way of deleting/inserting blocks from/to the middle of the file in a file-system approved way, what's the best way to do this? More importantly, how do databases currently used in production usually handle this?

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  • Fluent NHibernate Map to private/protected Field that has no exposing Property

    - by Jon Erickson
    I have the following Person and Gender classes (I don't really, but the example is simplified to get my point across), using NHibernate (Fluent NHibernate) I want to map the Database Column "GenderId" [INT] value to the protected int _genderId field in my Person class. How do I do this? FYI, the mappings and the domain objects are in separate assemblies. public class Person : Entity { protected int _genderId; public virtual int Id { get; private set; } public virtual string Name { get; private set; } public virtual Gender Gender { get { return Gender.FromId(_genderId); } } } public class Gender : EnumerationBase<Gender> { public static Gender Male = new Gender(1, "Male"); public static Gender Female = new Gender(2, "Female"); private static readonly Gender[] _genders = new[] { Male, Female }; private Gender(int id, string name) { Id = id; Name = name; } public int Id { get; private set; } public string Name { get; private set; } public static Gender FromId(int id) { return _genders.Where(x => x.Id == id).SingleOrDefault(); } }

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  • Finding leaks under GeneralBlock-16?

    - by erastusnjuki
    If ObjectAlloc cannot deduce type information for the block, it uses 'GeneralBlock'. Any strategies to get leaks from this block that may eliminate the need of my 'trial and error' methods that I use? The Extended Detail thing doesn't really do it for me as I just keep guessing.

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  • How to take advantage of an auto-property when refactoring this .Net 1.1 sample?

    - by Hamish Grubijan
    I see a lot of legacy .Net 1.1-style code at work like in example below, which I would like to shrink with the help of an auto-property. This will help many classes shrink by 30-40%, which I think would be good. public int MyIntThingy { get { return _myIntThingy; } set { _myIntThingy = value; } } private int _myIntThingy = -1; This would become: public int MyIntThingy { get; set; } And the only question is - where do I set MyIntThingy = -1;? If I wrote the class from the start, then I would have a better idea, but I did not. An obvious answer would be: put it in the constructor. Trouble is: there are many constructors in this class. Watching the initialization to -1 in the debugger, I see it happen (I believe) before the constructor gets called. It is almost as if I need to use a static constructor as described here: http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/cupadhyay/staticconstructors11092005061428am/staticconstructors.aspx except that my variables are not static. Java's static initializer comes to mind, but again - my variables are not static. http://www.glenmccl.com/tip_003.htm I want to make stylistic but not functional changes to this class. As crappy as it is, it has been tested and working for a few years now. breaking the functionality would be bad. So ... I am looking for shorter, sweeter, cuter, and yet EQUIVALENT code. Let me know if you have questions.

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  • Unity 2 and Enterprise library configuration tool

    - by nachid
    Hi, Can someone show me how to use Enterprise library configuration tool with Unity2 Whatever I did, when I open the Enterprise library configuration tool, I could not have it working with a Unity config file. When I click on the menu to add a new block, there is no Unity configuration block What am I doing wrong? Thank you for your help

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  • Independent name of a class

    - by tobi
    We have class lua. In lua class there is a method registerFunc() which is defined: void lua::registerFun() { lua_register( luaState, "asd", luaApi::asd); lua_register( luaState, "zxc", luaApi::zxc); } lua_register is a built-in function from lua library: http://pgl.yoyo.org/luai/i/lua_register it takes static methods from luaApi class as an 3rd argument. Now some programmer wants to use the lua class, so he is forced to create his own class with definitions of the static methods, like: class luaApi { public: static int asd(); static int zxc(); }; and now is the point. I don't want (as a programmer) to create class named exactly "luaApi", but e.g. myClassForLuaApi. But for now it's not possible because it is explicitly written in the code - in lua class: lua_register( luaState, "asd", luaApi::asd); I would have to change it to: lua_register( luaState, "asd", myClassForLuaApi::asd); but I don't want to (let's assume that the programmer has no access there). If it's still not understandable, I give up. :) Thanks.

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  • java annotations - problem with calling a locator class from a Vaadin Project

    - by George
    Hello, I'm not sure how to explain this without writing several pages so I hope the actual code is more expressive. I've made a jar containing multiple annotation declaration similar to the following: @Target(ElementType.PACKAGE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface MarkedPackage { } then I have made a test jar containing several classes in several packages and marked just one package with the above annotation (with package-info.java) like below: @myPackage.MarkedPackage package package.test.jar; this jar had in its build path the jar containing the annotations. then I made a static class that has a method (LoadPlugins) that retrieves a list with all the jars of a directory. Then it searches through the jars for the 'package-info' class and checks if that classes package contains the MarkedPackage annotation. by calling this: if (checkPackageAnnotation(thisClass.getPackage())) where thisClass is the package-info class retrieved via a classloader. and: public static boolean checkPackageAnnotation(AnnotatedElement elem) { System.out.println(elem.getAnnotations().length); if (elem == null || !elem.isAnnotationPresent(MarkedPackage.class)) return false; return true; } the elem.getAnnotatios().length is there for debug purposes. And the problem appears when I call the method from the static class: if I call it from a main function: public class MyMain { public static void main(String[] args){ PluginUtils.LoadPlugins(); } } everything works perfectly it displays '1' from that System.out.println(elem.getAnnotations().length); But if I call it from a button from my Vaadin project: header.addComponent(new Button("CallThat", new Button.ClickListener() { public void buttonClick(ClickEvent event) { PluginUtils.LoadPlugins(); } })); It displays '0' from that System.out.println(elem.getAnnotations().length); Also I should mention that I created the main inside my Vaadin project so it would have the exact same build path and resources. Is there a problem with web applications and that "@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)" ? hope I was clear enough... Hope someone has a solution for me... If you need more information - let me know. Thank you.

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  • Good style for handling constructor failure of critical object

    - by mtlphil
    I'm trying to decide between two ways of instantiating an object & handling any constructor exceptions for an object that is critical to my program, i.e. if construction fails the program can't continue. I have a class SimpleMIDIOut that wraps basic Win32 MIDI functions. It will open a MIDI device in the constructor and close it in the destructor. It will throw an exception inherited from std::exception in the constructor if the MIDI device cannot be opened. Which of the following ways of catching constructor exceptions for this object would be more in line with C++ best practices Method 1 - Stack allocated object, only in scope inside try block #include <iostream> #include "simplemidiout.h" int main() { try { SimpleMIDIOut myOut; //constructor will throw if MIDI device cannot be opened myOut.PlayNote(60,100); //..... //myOut goes out of scope outside this block //so basically the whole program has to be inside //this block. //On the plus side, it's on the stack so //destructor that handles object cleanup //is called automatically, more inline with RAII idiom? } catch(const std::exception& e) { std::cout << e.what() << std::endl; std::cin.ignore(); return 1; } std::cin.ignore(); return 0; } Method 2 - Pointer to object, heap allocated, nicer structured code? #include <iostream> #include "simplemidiout.h" int main() { SimpleMIDIOut *myOut; try { myOut = new SimpleMIDIOut(); } catch(const std::exception& e) { std::cout << e.what() << std::endl; delete myOut; return 1; } myOut->PlayNote(60,100); std::cin.ignore(); delete myOut; return 0; } I like the look of the code in Method 2 better, don't have to jam my whole program into a try block, but Method 1 creates the object on the stack so C++ manages the object's life time, which is more in tune with RAII philosophy isn't it? I'm still a novice at this so any feedback on the above is much appreciated. If there's an even better way to check for/handle constructor failure in a siatuation like this please let me know.

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  • JFrame that has multiple layers

    - by phunehehe
    Hello, I have a window that has two layers: a static background and a foreground that contains moving objects. My idea is to draw the background just once (because it's not going to change), so I make the changing panel transparent and add it on top of the static background. Here is the code for this: public static void main(String[] args) { JPanel changingPanel = new JPanel() { @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); g.setColor(Color.RED); g.fillRect(100, 100, 100, 100); } }; changingPanel.setOpaque(false); JPanel staticPanel = new JPanel(); staticPanel.setBackground(Color.BLUE); staticPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); staticPanel.add(changingPanel); JFrame frame = new JFrame(); frame.add(staticPanel); frame.setSize(800, 600); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); } This piece of code gives me the correct image I want, but every time I repaint changingPanel, staticPanel gets repainted as well (which is obviously against the whole idea of painting the static panel just once). Can somebody show me what's wrong? FYI I am using the javax.swing.Timer to recalculate and repaint the changing panel 24 times every second.

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  • DataReader already open when using LINQ

    - by Jamie Dixon
    I've got a static class containing a static field which makes reference to a wrapper object of a DataContext. The DataContext is basically generated by Visual Studio when we created a dbml file & contains methods for each of the stored procedures we have in the DB. Our class basically has a bunch of static methods that fire off each of these stored proc methods & then returns an array based on a LINQ query. Example: public static TwoFieldBarData[] GetAgesReportData(string pct) { return DataContext .BreakdownOfUsersByAge(Constants.USER_MEDICAL_PROFILE_KEY, pct) .Select(x => new TwoFieldBarData(x.DisplayName, x.LeftValue, x.RightValue, x.TotalCount)) .ToArray(); } Every now and then, we get the following error: There is already an open DataReader associated with this Command which must be closed firs This is happening intermittently and I'm curious as to what is going on. My guess is that when there's some lag between one method executing and the next one firing, it's locking up the DataContext and throwing the error. Could this be a case for wrapping each of the DataContext LINQ calls in a lock(){} to obtain exclusivity to that type and ensure other requests are queued?

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  • Partially constructed object / Multi threading

    - by reto
    Heya! I'm using joda due to it's good reputation regarding multi threading. It goes great distances to make multi threaded date handling efficient, for example by making all Date/Time/DateTime objects immutable. But here's a situation where I'm not sure if Joda is really doing the right thing. It probably is correct, but I'd be very interested to see the explanation for it. When a toString() of a DateTime is being called Joda does the following: /* org.joda.time.base.AbstractInstant */ public String toString() { return ISODateTimeFormat.dateTime().print(this); } All formatters are thread safe, as they are as well ready-only. But what's about the formatter-factory: private static DateTimeFormatter dt; /* org.joda.time.format.ISODateTimeFormat */ public static DateTimeFormatter dateTime() { if (dt == null) { dt = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder() .append(date()) .append(tTime()) .toFormatter(); } return dt; } This is a common pattern in single threaded applications. I see the following dangers: Race condition during null check -- worst case: two objects get created. No Problem, as this is solely a helper object (unlike a normal singleton pattern situation), one gets saved in dt, the other is lost and will be garbage collected sooner or later. the static variable might point to a partially constructed object before the objec has been finished initialization (before calling me crazy, read about a similar situation in this Wikipedia article. So how does Joda ensure that not partially created formatter gets published in this static variable? Thanks for your explanations! Reto

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  • How to preserve sibling element position when one sibling is absolutely positioned?

    - by Casey
    In the snippet below, the child div is normally positioned until it is :hovered , when it becomes absolutely positioned. The reasoning behind this markup is to simulate a popup style in a limited environment where I can't use a <select> (among other limitations). When child is hovered, the sibling elements jump around, which is expected, as the contents of the block have changed. But how can I preserve their positioning? That is, what CSS can I add to prevent the siblings from jumping around when child is hovered. Javascript is also not allowed, so please no answers using JS. HTML: <div class="container"> <div class="child"> <span class="d4"></span> <label><input type="radio" name="radio" value="1"/>One</label> <label><input type="radio" name="radio" value="2"/>Two</label> </div> <input type="text" name="sibling"/> <button name="sibling2">Button</button> </div> CSS: .container, .child, button { display:inline-block; } .child { vertical-align: middle; width: 35px; height: 35px; } .child:hover { background: gray; position:absolute; width: 100px; height: auto; } .child:hover > .d4 { display: none; } .child label { display:none; } .child:hover label { display: inline-block; } .d4 { background-position: -411px -1px; width: 35px; height: 35px; background-image: url("https://i.imgur.com/zkgyBOi.png"); background-repeat: no-repeat; color: transparent; display: inline-block; } Here's a fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/cpctZ/1/

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  • The new operator in C# isn't overriding base class member

    - by Dominic Zukiewicz
    I am confused as to why the new operator isn't working as I expected it to. Note: All classes below are defined in the same namespace, and in the same file. This class allows you to prefix any content written to the console with some provided text. public class ConsoleWriter { private string prefix; public ConsoleWriter(string prefix) { this.prefix = prefix; } public void Write(string text) { Console.WriteLine(String.Concat(prefix,text)); } } Here is a base class: public class BaseClass { protected static ConsoleWriter consoleWriter = new ConsoleWriter(""); public static void Write(string text) { consoleWriter.Write(text); } } Here is an implemented class: public class NewClass : BaseClass { protected new static ConsoleWriter consoleWriter = new ConsoleWriter("> "); } Now here's the code to execute this: class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { BaseClass.Write("Hello World!"); NewClass.Write("Hello World!"); Console.Read(); } } So I would expect the output to be Hello World! > Hello World! But the output is Hello World Hello World I do not understand why this is happening. Here is my thought process as to what is happening: The CLR calls the BaseClass.Write() method The CLR initialises the BaseClass.consoleWriter member. The method is called and executed with the BaseClass.consoleWriter variable Then The CLR calls the NewClass.Write() The CLR initialises the NewClass.consoleWriter object. The CLR sees that the implementation lies in BaseClass, but the method is inherited through The CLR executes the method locally (in NewClass) using the NewClass.consoleWriter variable I thought this is how the inheritance structure works? Please can someone help me understand why this is not working?

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  • Why is my GUI unresponsive while a SwingWorker thread runs?

    - by Starchy
    Hello, I have a SwingWorker thread with an IOBound task which is totally locking up the interface while it runs. Swapping out the normal workload for a counter loop has the same result. The SwingWorker looks basically like this: public class BackupWorker extends SwingWorker<String, String> { private static String uname = null; private static String pass = null; private static String filename = null; static String status = null; BackupWorker (String uname, String pass, String filename) { this.uname = uname; this.pass = pass; this.filename = filename; } @Override protected String doInBackground() throws Exception { BackupObject bak = newBackupObject(uname,pass,filename); return "Done!"; } } The code that kicks it off lives in a class that extends JFrame: public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { String cmd = event.getActionCommand(); if (BACKUP.equals(cmd)) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { final StatusFrame statusFrame = new StatusFrame(); statusFrame.setVisible(true); SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run () { statusFrame.beginBackup(uname,pass,filename); } }); } }); } } Here's the interesting part of StatusFrame: public void beginBackup(final String uname, final String pass, final String filename) { worker = new BackupWorker(uname, pass, filename); worker.execute(); try { System.out.println(worker.get()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ExecutionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } So far as I can see, everything "long-running" is handled by the worker, and everything that touches the GUI on the EDT. Have I tangled things up somewhere, or am I expecting too much of SwingWorker?

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  • how to generate unique numbers less than 8 characters long.

    - by loudiyimo
    hi I want to generate unique id's everytime i call methode generateCustumerId(). The generated id must be 8 characters long or less than 8 characters. This requirement is necessary because I need to store it in a data file and schema is determined to be 8 characters long for this id. Option 1 works fine. Instead of option 1, I want to use UUID. The problem is that UUID generates an id which has to many characters. Does someone know how to generate a unique id which is less then 99999999? option 1 import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Set; public class CustomerIdGenerator { private static Set<String> customerIds = new HashSet<String>(); private static Random random = new Random(); // XXX: replace with java.util.UUID public static String generateCustumerId() { String customerId = null; while (customerId == null || customerIds.contains(customerId)) { customerId = String.valueOf(random.nextInt(89999999) + 10000000); } customerIds.add(customerId); return customerId; } } option2 generates an unique id which is too long public static String generateCustumerId() { String ownerId = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); System.out.println("ownerId " + ownerId); return ownerId }

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  • Is this ruby code thread safe?

    - by Ben K.
    Is this code threadsafe? It seems like it should be, because @myvar will never be assigned from multiple threads (assuming block completes in < 1s). But do I need to be worried about a situation where the second block is trying to read @myvar as it's being written? require 'rubygems' require 'eventmachine' @myvar = Time.now.to_i EventMachine.run do EventMachine.add_periodic_timer(1) do EventMachine.defer do @myvar = Time.now.to_i # some calculation and reassign end end EventMachine.add_periodic_timer(0.5) do puts @myvar end end

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  • C++ data member initializer is not allowed

    - by user1435915
    I totally new to C++ so bear with me. I want to make a class with a static array, and access to this array from the main. Here is what i want to do in C#. namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Class a = new Class(); Console.WriteLine(a.arr[1]); } } } ===================== namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Class { public static string[] s_strHands = new string[]{"one","two","three"}; } } Here is what i have tried: // justfoolin.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include <string> #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Class { public: static string arr[3] = {"one", "two", "three"}; }; int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { Class x; cout << x.arr[2] << endl; return 0; } But i got: IntelliSense: data member initializer is not allowed

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  • How to Inject code in c# method calls from a separate app

    - by Fusspawn
    I was curious if anyone knew of a way of monitoring a .Net application's runtime info (what method is being called and such) and injecting extra code to be run on certain methods from a separate running process. say i have two applications: app1.exe that for simplicity's sake could be class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { while(true){ Somefunc(); } } static void Somefunc() { Console.WriteLine("Hello World"); } } and I have a second application that I wish to be able to detect when Somefunc() from application 1 is running and inject its own code, class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { while(true){ if(App1.SomeFuncIsCalled) InjectCode(); } } static void InjectCode() { App1.Console.WriteLine("Hello World Injected"); } } So The result would be Application one would show Hello World Hello World Injected I understand its not going to be this simple ( By a long shot ) but I have no idea if it's even possible and if it is where to even start. Any suggestions ? I've seen similar done in java, But never in c#. EDIT: To clarify, the usage of this would be to add a plugin system to a .Net based game that I do not have access to the source code of.

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  • Ninject: Shared DI/IoC container

    - by joblot
    Hi I want to share the container across various layers in my application. I started creating a static class which initialises the container and register types in the container. public class GeneralDIModule : NinjectModule { public override void Load() { Bind().To().InSingletonScope(); } } public abstract class IoC { private static IKernel _container; public static void Initialize() { _container = new StandardKernel(new GeneralDIModule(), new ViewModelDIModule()); } public static T Get<T>() { return _container.Get<T>(); } } I noticed there is a Resolve method as well. What is the difference between Resolve and Get? In my unit tests I don’t always want every registered type in my container. Is there a way of initializing an empty container and then register types I need. I’ll be mocking types as well in unit test so I’ll have to register them as well. There is an Inject method, but it says lifecycle of instance is not managed? Could someone please set me in right way? How can I register, unregister objects and reset the container. Thanks

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  • Opening my application when a usb device is inserted on Windows using WMI

    - by rsteckly
    Hi, I'm trying to launch an event when someone plugs in a usb device. For now, I'm content to simply print something to the console (in the finished product, it will launch an application). This code is very loosely adapted from: http://serverfault.com/questions/115496/use-wmi-to-detect-a-usb-drive-was-connected-regardless-of-whether-it-was-mounted There's two problems: 1) I need to pass the argument to Management scope dynamically because this will be installed on computers I don't use or whose name I don't know. 2) I'm getting an invalid namespace exception when I call w.Start(); Any ideas what I'm doing wrong? static ManagementEventWatcher w=null; static void Main(string[] args) { AddInstUSBHandler(); for(;;); } public static void USBRemoved(object sneder, EventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine("A USB device inserted"); } static void AddInstUSBHandler() { WqlEventQuery q; ManagementScope scope = new ManagementScope("HQ\\DEV1"); scope.Options.EnablePrivileges=true; q=new WqlEventQuery(); q.EventClassName+="_InstanceCreationEvent"; q.WithinInterval=new TimeSpan(0,0,3); q.Condition=@"TargetInstance ISA 'Win32_USBControllerdevice'"; w=new ManagementEventWatcher(scope,q); w.EventArrived+=new EventArrivedEventHandler(USBRemoved); w.Start(); }

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  • C# iterator is executed twice when composing two IEnumerable methods

    - by achristoph
    I just started learning about C# iterator but got confused with the flow of the program after reading the output of the program. The foreach with uniqueVals seems to be executed twice. My understanding is that the first few lines up to the line before "Nums in Square: 3" should not be there. Can anyone help to explain why this happens? The output is: Unique: 1 Adding to uniqueVals: 1 Unique: 2 Adding to uniqueVals: 2 Unique: 2 Unique: 3 Adding to uniqueVals: 3 Nums in Square: 3 Unique: 1 Adding to uniqueVals: 1 Square: 1 Number returned from Unique: 1 Unique: 2 Adding to uniqueVals: 2 Square: 2 Number returned from Unique: 4 Unique: 2 Unique: 3 Adding to uniqueVals: 3 Square: 3 Number returned from Unique: 9 static class Program { public static IEnumerable<T> Unique<T>(IEnumerable<T> sequence) { Dictionary<T, T> uniqueVals = new Dictionary<T, T>(); foreach (T item in sequence) { Console.WriteLine("Unique: {0}", item); if (!uniqueVals.ContainsKey(item)) { Console.WriteLine("Adding to uniqueVals: {0}", item); uniqueVals.Add(item, item); yield return item; Console.WriteLine("After Unique yield: {0}", item); } } } public static IEnumerable<int> Square(IEnumerable<int> nums) { Console.WriteLine("Nums in Square: {0}", nums.Count()); foreach (int num in nums) { Console.WriteLine("Square: {0}", num); yield return num * num; Console.WriteLine("After Square yield: {0}", num); } } static void Main(string[] args) { var nums = new int[] { 1, 2, 2, 3 }; foreach (int num in Square(Unique(nums))) Console.WriteLine("Number returned from Unique: {0}", num); Console.Read(); } }

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