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  • Ruby on Rails: how to get error messages from a child resource displayed?

    - by randombits
    I'm having a difficult time understanding how to get Rails to show explicitly the error messages that a child resource is failing on when I render an XML template. Hypothetically, I have the following classes: class School < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :students validates_associated :students end class Student < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :school validates_format_of :email, :with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i, :message => "You must supply a valid email" end Now, in the controller, let's say we want to build a trivial API to allow us to add a new School with a student in it (again, I said, it's a terrible example, but plays its role for the purpose of the question) class SchoolsController < ApplicationController def create @school = School.new @student = school.students.build @student.email = "bad@email" respond_to do |format| if @school.save # some code else format.xml { render :xml => @school.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity } end end end end Now the validation is working just fine, things die because the email doesn't match the regex that's set in the validates_format_of method in the Student class. However the output I get is the following: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <errors> <error>Students is invalid</error> </errors> I want the more meaningful error message that I set above with validates_format_of to show up. Meaning, I want it to say: <error>You must supply a valid email</error> What am I doing wrong for that not to show up?

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  • Practical Scheme Programming

    - by Ixmatus
    It's been a few months since I've touched Scheme and decided to implement a command line income partitioner using Scheme. My initial implementation used plain recursion over the continuation, but I figured a continuation would be more appropriate to this type of program. I would appreciate it if anyone (more skilled with Scheme than I) could take a look at this and suggest improvements. I'm that the multiple (display... lines is an ideal opportunity to use a macro as well (I just haven't gotten to macros yet). (define (ab-income) (call/cc (lambda (cc) (let ((out (display "Income: ")) (income (string->number (read-line)))) (cond ((<= income 600) (display (format "Please enter an amount greater than $600.00~n~n")) (cc (ab-income))) (else (let ((bills (* (/ 30 100) income)) (taxes (* (/ 20 100) income)) (savings (* (/ 10 100) income)) (checking (* (/ 40 100) income))) (display (format "~nDeduct for bills:---------------------- $~a~n" (real->decimal-string bills 2))) (display (format "Deduct for taxes:---------------------- $~a~n" (real->decimal-string taxes 2))) (display (format "Deduct for savings:-------------------- $~a~n" (real->decimal-string savings 2))) (display (format "Remainder for checking:---------------- $~a~n" (real->decimal-string checking 2)))))))))) Invoking (ab-income) asks for input and if anything below 600 is provided it (from my understanding) returns (ab-income) at the current-continuation. My first implementation (as I said earlier) used plain-jane recursion. It wasn't bad at all either but I figured every return call to (ab-income) if the value was below 600 kept expanding the function. (please correct me if that apprehension is incorrect!)

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  • What is the relationship between Turing Machine & Modern Computer ?

    - by smwikipedia
    I heard a lot that modern computers are based on Turing machine. I just cannot build a bridge from a conceptual Turing Machine to a real modern computer. Could someone help me build this bridge? Below is my current understanding. I think the computer is a big general-purpose Turing machine. Each program we write is a small specific-purpose Turing machine. The classical Turing machine do its job based on the input and its current state inside and so do our programs. Let's take a running program (a process) as an example. We know that in the process's address space, there's areas for stack, heap, and code. A classical Turing machine doesn't have the ability to remember many things, so we borrow the concept of stack from the push-down automaton. The heap and stack areas contains the state of our specific-purpose Turing machine (our program). The code area represents the logic of this small Turing machine. And various I/O devices supply input to this Turing machine.

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  • How to form submit and show a different page in ASP.Net MVC?

    - by melaos
    hi guys i'm new to asp.net mvc.. so basically i just build up a two page app which takes the registration information of the user and post it to the database. i use a lot of jquery and ajax calls to retrieve data from the database using linq to sql stored proc object. and currently i'm stuck at one page where after the user submits the form it should redirect him to /Home/AddProduct. What i found was the error: Validation of viewstate MAC failed. If this application is hosted by a Web Farm or cluster, ensure that <machineKey> configuration specifies the same validationKey and validation algorithm. AutoGenerate cannot be used in a cluster. Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: System.Web.HttpException: Validation of viewstate MAC failed. If this application is hosted by a Web Farm or cluster, ensure that <machineKey> configuration specifies the same validationKey and validation algorithm. AutoGenerate cannot be used in a cluster. what used on my form are basically a combination of html controls, asp.net controls and some asp.net mvc type controls. i submit the form using action="/Home/ProductAdded" and after doing some googling i found i was supposed to add in the machine key but after doing so, the index page becomes unviewable. because it couldn't find the index file now. removing the action helps, but now it just doesn't go anywhere. so what am i missing here? i feel i'm missing a lot of fundamentals understanding about asp.net mvc and i don't even know how to submit a form and go to a different page here!!

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  • What's the best practice to setup testing for ASP.Net MVC? What to use/process/etc?

    - by melaos
    hi there, i'm trying to learn how to properly setup testing for an ASP.Net MVC. and from what i've been reading here and there thus far, the definition of legacy code kind of piques my interests, where it mentions that legacy codes are any codes without unit tests. so i did my project in a hurry not having the time to properly setup unit tests for the app and i'm still learning how to properly do TDD and unit testing at the same time. then i came upon selenium IDE/RC and was using it to test on the browser end. it was during that time too that i came upon the concept of integration testing, so from my understanding it seems that unit testing should be done to define the test and basic assumptions of each function, and if the function is dependent on something else, that something else needs to be mocked so that the tests is always singular and can be run fast. Questions: so am i right to say that the project should have started with unit test with proper mocks using something like rhino mocks. then anything else which requires 3rd party dll, database data access etc to be done via integration testing using selenium? because i have a function which calls a third party dll, i'm not sure whether to write a unit test in nunit to just instantiate the object and pass it some dummy data which breaks the mocking part to test it or just cover that part in my selenium integration testing when i submit my forms and call the dll. and for user acceptance tests, is it safe to say we can just use selenium again? Am i missing something or is there a better way/framework? i'm trying to put in more tests for regression testing, and to ensure that nothing breaks when we put in new features. i also like the idea of TDD because it helps to better define the function, sort of like a meta documentation. thanks!! hope this question isn't too subjective because i need it for my case.

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  • Google's Oauth for Installed apps vs. Oauth for Web Apps

    - by burgerguy
    So I'm having trouble understanding something... If you do Oauth for Web Apps, you register your site with a callback URL and get a unique consumer secret key. But once you've obtained an Oauth for Web Apps token, you don't have to generate Oauth calls to the google server from your registered domain. I regularly use my key and token from scripts running via an apache server at localhost on my laptop and Google never says "you're not sending this request from the registered domain." It just sends me the data. Now, as I understand it, if you do Oauth for Installed Apps, you use "anonymous" instead of a secret key you got from Google. I've been thinking of just using the OAuth for Web Apps auth method, then passing that token to an installed app that has my secret code embedded in its innards. The worry is that the code could be discovered by bad people. But what's more secure... making them work for the secret code or letting them default to anonymous? What really goes bad if the "secret" is discovered when the alternative is using "anonymous" as the secret?

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  • Accessing an iFrame's dom from a Firefox Extension

    - by luisgo
    Hi all, I've spent a long time trying different things to get this to work but nothing does and documentation is not helping much. I'm trying to populate a form inside an iframe that I dynamically inject into a page. To inject that iframe I do: myObject.iframe = document.createElement("iframe"); myObject.iframe.setAttribute("src", data.url); myObject.iframe.setAttribute("id","extension-iframe"); myObject.window.document.getElementById('publisher').appendChild(myObject.iframe); myObject.iframe.addEventListener("load", function(){ myObject.populate(data); }, false); which works fine and DOES trigger the populate() method. My problem is getting the document or window objects for that iframe. I've tried all of the following: myObject.iframe.window myObject.iframe.document myObject.iframe.content but these are all undefined. I also tried passing the event object to that iframe's load event listener and then doing: event.originalTarget But that didn't work either. I am reading the following documentation: https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Working%5Fwith%5Fwindows%5Fin%5Fchrome%5Fcode https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Code%5Fsnippets/Interaction%5Fbetween%5Fprivileged%5Fand%5Fnon-privileged%5Fpages But either I'm not understanding it or it's just not properly explained. Can anyone shed some light? Thanks!

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  • UITableView and UITableCellView, how does this work with core plot ?

    - by Luc
    Hello, I'm very new to iPhone programming, and I'm currently following tutos to understand the whole thing. I've been able to do what I needed (retrive data from a JSON http server, parse them with YAJL and plot the data in core plot). I have done this in a "simple" view where I have added a UILayerHostingView as requested by core-plot. I am now trying to follow this tuto: http://blogs.remobjects.com/blogs/mh/2010/01/26/p973 but I am missing the first part regarding the views... My understanding is that I need to create a view with a UITableView first. Then add a UITableCellView to make the first cell be able to contain the graph ? Is this right ? Where does the method "(id)initWithStyle:(UITableViewCellStyle)style" come from ? For my needs, only the first cell needs to contain a graph, I will put some other info in the other cells. As for now, I have created a new GraphListViewController, in the corresponding view I have added a listview but I do not see any auto generated methods regading cell customisation ? Do I need to implements DataSource in this controller and manually add some customisation methods ? Do I need to add a UITagbleViewCell to this UITableViewTable within IB ? Hope I am not getting to confusing... Thanks a lot for your help, Best Regards, Luc

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  • Javascript scope chain

    - by Geromey
    Hi, I am trying to optimize my program. I think I understand the basics of closure. I am confused about the scope chain though. I know that in general you want a low scope (to access variables quickly). Say I have the following object: var my_object = (function(){ //private variables var a_private = 0; return{ //public //public variables a_public : 1, //public methods some_public : function(){ debugger; alert(this.a_public); alert(a_private); }; }; })(); My understanding is that if I am in the some_public method I can access the private variables faster than the public ones. Is this correct? My confusion comes with the scope level of this. When the code is stopped at debugger, firebug shows the public variable inside the this keyword. The this word is not inside a scope level. How fast is accessing this? Right now I am storing any this.properties as another local variable to avoid accessing it multiple times. Thanks very much!

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  • How to get raw jpeg data (but no metatags / proprietary markers)

    - by CoolAJ86
    I want to get raw jpeg data - no metadata. I'm very confused looking at the jpeg "standards". How correct is my understanding of the marker "tree"? 0xFFD8 - Identifies the file as an image 0xFFE? - EXIF, JFIF, SPIFF, ICC, etc 0x???? - the length of the tag 0xFFD8 - Start of Image 0xFFE0 - should follow SOI as per spec, but often preceded by comments ??? 0x???? - Matrices, tags, random data ??? There are never other markers in-between these markers? Or these include the matrices and such? 0xFFDA - Start of Stream - This is what I want, yes? 0xXXXX - length of stream 0xFFD9 - End of Stream (EOI) 0x???? - Comment tags, extra exif, jfif info??? 0xFFD9 - End of Image 0xFF00 - escaped 0xFF, not to be confused with a marker This has been my reading material: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/TagNames/JPEG.html http://www.media.mit.edu/pia/Research/deepview/exif.html http://www.faqs.org/faqs/jpeg-faq/part1/section-15.html

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  • CLR Stored Procedures

    - by Paul Hatcherian
    In an ASP.NET application, I have a small number of fairly complex, frequently used operations to execute against a database. In these operations, one or more of several tables needs updates or inserts based a logical evaluation of both input parameters and values of certain tables. I've maintained a separation of logic and data access, so the operation currently looks like this: Request received from client Business layer invokes data layer to retrieve data from database Business layer processes result and determines which operation to execute Business layer invokes appropriate data operation Response sent to client As you can see, the client is kept waiting while two separate requests are made to the database. In searching for a solution to this, I've found CLR Stored Procedures, but I'm not sure if I have the right idea about what they are useful for. I have written a replacement for the code above which especially places steps 2-4 in a CLR SP. My understanding is that the SP will be executed locally by SQL Server and result in only one call being made to the server. My initial benchmark tests show this is actually orders of magnitude slower than my original code, but I attribute that recompilation of the code I have not worked out yet and/or some flaw in my environment. My question is basically, is this the intended use of CLR SPs or am I missing something? I realize this is a bit of a compromise structurally, so if there's a better way to do it I'd love to hear it.

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  • Which LINQ expression is faster

    - by Vlad Bezden
    Hi All In following code public class Person { public string Name { get; set; } public uint Age { get; set; } public Person(string name, uint age) { Name = name; Age = age; } } void Main() { var data = new List<Person>{ new Person("Bill Gates", 55), new Person("Steve Ballmer", 54), new Person("Steve Jobs", 55), new Person("Scott Gu", 35)}; // 1st approach data.Where (x => x.Age > 40).ToList().ForEach(x => x.Age++); // 2nd approach data.ForEach(x => { if (x.Age > 40) x.Age++; }); data.ForEach(x => Console.WriteLine(x)); } in my understanding 2nd approach should be faster since it iterates through each item once and first approach is running 2 times: Where clause ForEach on subset of items from where clause. However internally it might be that compiler translates 1st approach to the 2nd approach anyway and they will have the same performance. Any suggestions or ideas? I could do profiling like suggested, but I want to understand what is going on compiler level if those to lines of code are the same to the compiler, or compiler will treat it literally. Thanks in advance for your help.

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  • Possible to Inspect Innards of Core C# Functionality

    - by Nick Babcock
    I was struck today, with the inclination to compare the innards of Buffer.BlockCopy and Array.CopyTo. I am curious to see if Array.CopyTo called Buffer.BlockCopy behind the scenes. There is no practical purpose behind this, I just want to further my understanding of the C# language and how it is implemented. Don't jump the gun and accuse me of micro-optimization, but you can accuse me of being curious! When I ran ILasm on mscorlib.dll I received this for Array.CopyTo .method public hidebysig newslot virtual final instance void CopyTo(class System.Array 'array', int32 index) cil managed { // Code size 0 (0x0) } // end of method Array::CopyTo and this for Buffer.BlockCopy .method public hidebysig static void BlockCopy(class System.Array src, int32 srcOffset, class System.Array dst, int32 dstOffset, int32 count) cil managed internalcall { .custom instance void System.Security.SecuritySafeCriticalAttribute::.ctor() = ( 01 00 00 00 ) } // end of method Buffer::BlockCopy Which, frankly, baffles me. I've never run ILasm on a dll/exe I didn't create. Does this mean that I won't be able to see how these functions are implemented? Searching around only revealed a stackoverflow question, which Marc Gravell said [Buffer.BlockCopy] is basically a wrapper over a raw mem-copy While insightful, it doesn't answer my question if Array.CopyTo calls Buffer.BlockCopy. I'm specifically interested in if I'm able to see how these two functions are implemented, and if I had future questions about the internals of C#, if it is possible for me to investigate it. Or am I out of luck?

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  • What should every developer know about databases?

    - by Aaronaught
    Whether we like it or not, many if not most of us developers either regularly work with databases or may have to work with one someday. And considering the amount of misuse and abuse in the wild, and the volume of database-related questions that come up every day, it's fair to say that there are certain concepts that developers should know - even if they don't design or work with databases today. So: What are the important concepts that developers and other software professionals ought to know about databases? Guidelines for Responses: Keep your list short. One concept per answer is best. Be specific. "Data modelling" may be an important skill, but what does that mean precisely? Explain your rationale. Why is your concept important? Don't just say "use indexes." Don't fall into "best practices." Convince your audience to go learn more. Upvote answers you agree with. Read other people's answers first. One high-ranked answer is a more effective statement than two low-ranked ones. If you have more to add, either add a comment or reference the original. Don't downvote something just because it doesn't apply to you personally. We all work in different domains. The objective here is to provide direction for database novices to gain a well-founded, well-rounded understanding of database design and database-driven development, not to compete for the title of most-important.

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  • java 2D and swing

    - by user384706
    Hi, I have trouble understanding a fundamental concept in Java 2D. To give a specific example: One can customize a swing component via implementing it's own version of the method paintComponent(Graphics g) Graphics is available to the body of the method. Question: What is exactly this Graphics object, I mean how it is related to the object that has the method paintComponent? Ok, I understand that you can do something like: g.setColor(Color.GRAY); g.fillOval(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight()); To get a gray oval painted. What I can not understand is how is the Graphics object related to the component and the canvas. How is this drawing actually done? Another example: public class MyComponent extends JComponent { protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) { System.out.println("Width:"+getWidth()+", Height:"+getHeight()); } public static void main(String args[]) { JFrame f = new JFrame("Some frame"); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); f.setSize(200, 90); MyComponent component = new MyComponent (); f.add(component); f.setVisible(true); } } This prints Width:184, Height:52 What does this size mean? I have not added anything to the frame of size(200,90). Any help on this is highly welcome Thanks

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  • Types issue in F#

    - by Andry
    Hello! In my ongoing adventure deep diving into f# I am understanding a lot of this powerful language but there are things that I still do not understand so clearly. One of the most important issues I need to master is types. Well the book I am reading is very straight forward and introduces entities and main functionalities with a direct approach. The first thing I could get start with is types. It introduces the main types as list, option, tuples, and so on... It is clearly underlined that all these types are IMMUTABLE for many reasons regarding functional programming and data consistance in functional programing. Well, no problems until now... But now I am getting started with Concrete Types... Well... I have problems in managing with types like list, option, tuples, types created through new operator and concrete types created using type keyword (for abbreviations, concrete types...). So my question is: how can I efficently catalogue/distinguish all types of data in f#???? I can create a perfect separation among types in C#, VB.NET... FOr example in VB.NET there are value and reference types while in C# there are only references and also int, double are treated as objects (they are objects while in VB.NET a value type is not a object and there is a split in types for this reason). Well in F# I cannot create such differences among types in the language. Can you help me? I hope I was clear.

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  • Problem while executing test case in VS2008 test project

    - by sukumar
    Hi all I have the situation as follows I have develpoed one test project in visual studio 2008 to test my target project. I was getting the following exception when i ran test case in my PC System.IO.FileNotFoundException: The specified module could not be found. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x8007007E) at System.Reflection.Assembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.Reflection.Assembly.nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoad(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoadFrom(String assemblyFile, Evidence securityEvidence, Byte[] hashValue, AssemblyHashAlgorithm hashAlgorithm, Boolean forIntrospection, StackCrawlMark& stackMark) at System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadFrom(String assemblyFile) at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestTypes.Unit.UnitTestExecuter.GetType(UnitTestElement unitTest, String type) at Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.TestTypes.Unit.UnitTestExecuter.ResolveMethods(). but the same project runs successfully in my colleague PC. as per my Understanding System.IO.FileNotFoundException will occur in case of missing out the dlls. i checked up with dependency walker to trace out the missed dll.dependency walke traced out the following dlls 1)MFC90D.dll 2)mSvcr90d.dll 3)msvcp90d.dll i copied this dlls to C:\windows\system32 from Microsoft visual studio 9.0 dir and again i ran the dependency walker.this time dependency walker is able to open the given testproject dll with 0 errors .even then the same exception comes up when i ran the test. i got fed up with this. can any one tell why it is behaving as PC dependent.is there any thing that i still missing? any suggestion can be helpfull Thakns in Advance Sukumar i

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  • What would be the equivalent VB.NET code for this C# FluentNHibernate component mapping?

    - by Will Marcouiller
    I'm a C# programmer constrained to write VB.NET code. While exploring NHibernate further for my current client, I encountered FluentNHibernate, which I find real attractive. But now, I wonder how to "translate" this C# code for component mapping into VB.NET code: Component(x => x.Address, m => { m.Map(x => x.Number); m.Map(x => x.Street); m.Map(x => x.PostCode); }); I know from here: Component(Of Client)(Function(c) c.Address, ...) what I miss is how to continue with the brackets in VB.NET, since there's no Begin End keywords or so. EDIT 1: Following Mr. JaredPar instructions, I figured that his solution might work. If we take the time to read his answer, we may notice that we both don't know what the MType is within his solution. I might have found out that the MType is: FluentNHibernate.Mapping.ComponentPart(Of TComponent) Thus, TComponent is, from my understanding, an anonymous type that I shall parameter to use. From this point of view, since I wish to map the properties of my Address object, replacing TComponent in my help method signature seems not to work. Private Sub MapAdresseHelper(Of Adresse)(ByVal a As FluentNHibernate.Mapping.ComponentPart(Of Adresse)) a.Map(Function(m) m.Number) a.Map(Function(m) m.Street).Length(50) a.Map(Function(m) m.PostCode).Length(10) End Sub The error I get is that my Address class doesn't have a property member named Street, for instance. It sees my Address type, it recognizes it, but it seems buggy somehow. I guess VBNET is poorly designed for lambda expressions and is less evolved than C# (Sorry, a bit of frustration due to the constraint of working with it and not being capable of doing things VERY easily done in C#.) Thanks!

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  • Getter and Setter vs. Builder strategy

    - by Extrakun
    I was reading a JavaWorld's article on Getter and Setter where the basic premise is that getters expose internal content of an object, hence tightening coupling, and go on to provide examples using builder objects. I was rather leery of abolishing getter/setter but on second reading of the article, see to quite like the idea. However, sometimes I just need one cruical element of an entity class, such as the user's id and writing one whole class just to extract that cruical element seems like overkill. It also implies that for different view, a different type of importer/exporter must be implemented (or the whole data of the class to be exported out, thus resulting in waste). Usually I tend towards filtering the result of a getter - for example, if I need to output the price of a product in different currency, I would code it as: return CurrencyOutput::convertTo($product->price(), 'USD'); This is with the understanding that the raw output of a getter is not necessary the final result to be pushed onto a screen or a database. Is getter/setter really as bad as it is protrayed to be? When should one adopt a builder strategy, or a 'get the result and filter it' approach? How do you avoid having a class needing to know about every other objects if you are not using getter/setter?

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  • Finding intersection of two spheres

    - by Onkar Deshpande
    Hi, Consider the following problem - I am given 2 links of length L0 and L1. P0 is the point that the first link starts at and P1 is the point that I want the end of second link to be at in 3-D space. I am supposed to write a function that should take in these 3-D points (P0 and P1) as inputs and should find all configurations of the links that put the second link's end point at P1. My understanding of how to go about it is - Each link L0 and L1 will create a sphere S0 and S1 around itself. I should find out the intersection of those two spheres (which will be a circle) and print all points that are on the circumference of that circle. I saw gmatt's first reply on the http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1406375/finding-intersection-points-between-3-spheres but could not understand it properly since the images did not show up. I also saw a formula for finding out the intersection at mathworld[dot]wolfram[dot]com/Sphere-SphereIntersection[dot]html . I could find the radius of intersection by the method given on mathworld. Also I can find the center of that circle and then use the parametric equation of circle to find the points. The only doubt that I have is will this method work for the points P0 and P1 mentioned above ? Please comment and let me know your thoughts.

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  • How Does MVC Handle Missing Data Requirements

    - by Don Bakke
    I'm teaching myself MVC concepts in hopes of applying them to a non-OO/procedural development environment. I am pretty sure I understand simple View - Request - Controller - Request - Model - Response - Controller - Response - View flow. What I am struggling with is understanding more complex scenarios. For instance, let's say I have a shopping cart form with a button for 'Calculate Shipping'. Normally a click on this button will follow the above flow. But what if there is missing data, like the zip code? Should the View verify this first and alert the user before making a 'Calculate Shipping' request? Or should the request be made and the Model returns a notification that critical data is missing? If the latter, does the Controller instruct the View to alert the user? What if I wanted to prompt the user for the missing zip code (perhaps in a popup input display) and then automatically request the 'Calculate Shipping' method again? I suppose this gets into the question of how smart a View ought to be. It seems that MVC has evolved due to richer UI and automation (such as with data-binding) and this muddies the water from a purist MVC perspective. Any thoughts are greatly appreciated.

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  • printf and Console.WriteLine - problems with Console.SetOut?

    - by Matt Jacobsen
    i have a bunch of Console.WriteLines in my code that I can observe at runtime. I communicate with a native library that I also wrote. I'd like to stick some printf's in the native library and observe them too. I don't see them at runtime however. I've created a convoluted hello world app to demonstrate my problem. When the app runs, I can debug into the native library and see that the hello world is called. The output never lands in the textwriter though. Note that if the same code is run as a console app then everything works fine. C#: [DllImport("native.dll")] static extern void Test(); StreamWriter writer; public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); writer = new StreamWriter(@"c:\output.txt"); writer.AutoFlush = true; System.Console.SetOut(writer); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Test(); } and the native part: __declspec(dllexport) void Test() { printf("Hello World"); } Despite my earlier ramblings (see edits) I actually think this is a problem in C# (or rather my understanding of it).

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  • Covariance and Contravariance inference in C# 4.0

    - by devoured elysium
    When we define our interfaces in C# 4.0, we are allowed to mark each of the generic parameters as in or out. If we try to set a generic parameter as out and that'd lead to a problem, the compiler raises an error, not allowing us to do that. Question: If the compiler has ways of inferring what are valid uses for both covariance (out) and contravariance(in), why do we have to mark interfaces as such? Wouldn't it be enough to just let us define the interfaces as we always did, and when we tried to use them in our client code, raise an error if we tried to use them in an un-safe way? Example: interface MyInterface<out T> { T abracadabra(); } //works OK interface MyInterface2<in T> { T abracadabra(); } //compiler raises an error. //This makes me think that the compiler is cappable //of understanding what situations might generate //run-time problems and then prohibits them. Also, isn't it what Java does in the same situation? From what I recall, you just do something like IMyInterface<? extends whatever> myInterface; //covariance IMyInterface<? super whatever> myInterface2; //contravariance Or am I mixing things? Thanks

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  • Threads, Sockets, and Designing Low-Latency, High Concurrency Servers

    - by lazyconfabulator
    I've been thinking a lot lately about low-latency, high concurrency servers. Specifically, http servers. http servers (fast ones, anyway) can serve thousands of users simultaneously, with very little latency. So how do they do it? As near as I can tell, they all use events. Cherokee and Lighttpd use libevent. Nginx uses it's own event library performing much the same function of libevent, that is, picking a platform optimal strategy for polling events (like kqueue on *bsd, epoll on linux, /dev/poll on Solaris, etc). They all also seem to employ a strategy of multiprocess or multithread once the connection is made - using worker threads to handle the more cpu intensive tasks while another thread continues to listen and handle connections (via events). This is the extent of my understanding and ability to grok the thousand line sources of these applications. What I really want are finer details about how this all works. In examples of using events I've seen (and written) the events are handling both input and output. To this end, do the workers employ some sort of input/output queue to the event handling thread? Or are these worker threads handling their own input and output? I imagine a fixed amount of worker threads are spawned, and connections are lined up and served on demand, but how does the event thread feed these connections to the workers? I've read about FIFO queues and circular buffers, but I've yet to see any implementations to work from. Are there any? Do any use compare-and-swap instructions to avoid locking or is locking less detrimental to event polling than I think? Or have I misread the design entirely? Ultimately, I'd like to take enough away to improve some of my own event-driven network services. Bonus points to anyone providing solid implementation details (especially for stuff like low-latency queues) in C, as that's the language my network services are written in.

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  • How to mimic built-in .NET serialization idioms?

    - by Matt Enright
    I have a library (written in C#) for which I need to read/write representations of my objects to disk (or to any Stream) in a particular binary format (to ensure compatibility with C/Java library implementations). The format requires a fair amount of bit-packing and some DEFLATE'd bytestreams. I would like my library, however, to be as idiomatic .NET as possible, however, and so would like to provide an API as close as possible to the normal binary serialization process. I'm aware of the ability to implement the IFormatter interface, but being that I really am unable to reuse any part of the built-in serialization stack, is it worth doing this, or will it just bring unnecessary overhead. In other words: Implement IFormatter and co. OR Just provide "Serialize"/"Deserialize" methods that act on a Stream? A good point brought up below about needing the serialization semantics for any case involving Remoting. In a case where using MarshalByRef objects is feasible, I'm pretty sure that this won't be an issue, so leaving that aside are there any benefits or drawbacks to using the ISerializable/IFormatter versus a custom stack (or, is my understanding remoting incorrectly)?

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