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  • What features of interpreted languages can a compiled one not have?

    - by sub
    Interpreted languages are usually more high-level and therefore have features as dynamic typing (including creating new variables dynamically without declaration), the infamous eval and many many other features that make a programmer's life easier - but why can't compiled languages have these as well? I don't mean languages like Java that run on a VM, but those that compile to binary like C(++). I'm not going to make a list now but if you are going to ask which features I mean, please look into what PHP, Python, Ruby etc. have to offer. Which common features of interpreted languages can't/don't/do exist in compiled languages? Why?

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  • What are the benefits of prototypal inheritance over classical?

    - by Pierreten
    So I finally stopped dragging my feet all these years and decided to learn JavaScript "properly". One of the most head-scratching elements of the languages design is it's implementation of inheritance. Having experience in Ruby, I was really happy to see closures and dynamic typing; but for the life of me can't figure out what benefits are to be had from object instances using other instances for inheritance.

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  • Python script to calculate aded combinations from a dictionary

    - by dayde
    I am trying to write a script that will take a dictionary of items, each containing properties of values from 0 - 10, and add the various elements to select which combination of items achieve the desired totals. I also need the script to do this, using only items that have the same "slot" in common. For example: item_list = { 'item_1': {'slot': 'top', 'prop_a': 2, 'prop_b': 0, 'prop_c': 2, 'prop_d': 1 }, 'item_2': {'slot': 'top', 'prop_a': 5, 'prop_b': 0, 'prop_c': 1, 'prop_d':-1 }, 'item_3': {'slot': 'top', 'prop_a': 2, 'prop_b': 5, 'prop_c': 2, 'prop_d':-2 }, 'item_4': {'slot': 'mid', 'prop_a': 5, 'prop_b': 5, 'prop_c':-5, 'prop_d': 0 }, 'item_5': {'slot': 'mid', 'prop_a':10, 'prop_b': 0, 'prop_c':-5, 'prop_d': 0 }, 'item_6': {'slot': 'mid', 'prop_a':-5, 'prop_b': 2, 'prop_c': 3, 'prop_d': 5 }, 'item_7': {'slot': 'bot', 'prop_a': 1, 'prop_b': 3, 'prop_c':-4, 'prop_d': 4 }, 'item_8': {'slot': 'bot', 'prop_a': 2, 'prop_b': 2, 'prop_c': 0, 'prop_d': 0 }, 'item_9': {'slot': 'bot', 'prop_a': 3, 'prop_b': 1, 'prop_c': 4, 'prop_d':-4 }, } The script would then need to select which combinations from the "item_list" dict that using 1 item per "slot" that would achieve a desired result when added. For example, if the desired result was: 'prop_a': 3, 'prop_b': 3, 'prop_c': 8, 'prop_d': 0, the script would select 'item_2', 'item_6', and 'item_9', along with any other combination that worked. 'item_2': {'slot': 'top', 'prop_a': 5, 'prop_b': 0, 'prop_c': 1, 'prop_d':-1 } 'item_6': {'slot': 'mid', 'prop_a':-5, 'prop_b': 2, 'prop_c': 3, 'prop_d': 5 } 'item_9': {'slot': 'bot', 'prop_a': 3, 'prop_b': 1, 'prop_c': 4, 'prop_d':-4 } 'total': 'prop_a': 3, 'prop_b': 3, 'prop_c': 8, 'prop_d': 0 Any ideas how to accomplish this? It does not need to be in python, or even a thorough script, but just an explanation on how to do this in theory would be enough for me. I have tried working out looping through every combination, but that seems to very quickly get our of hand and unmanageable. The actual script will need to do this for about 1,000 items using 20 different "slots", each with 8 properties. Thanks for the help!

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  • Code Golf: Rotating Maze

    - by trinithis
    Code Golf: Rotating Maze Make a program that takes in a file consisting of a maze. The maze has walls given by '#'. The maze must include a single ball, given by a 'o' and any number of holes given by a '@'. The maze file can either be entered via command line or read in as a line through standard input. Please specify which in your solution. Your program then does the following: 1: If the ball is not directly above a wall, drop it down to the nearest wall. 2: If the ball passes through a hole during step 1, remove the ball. 3: Display the maze. 4: If there is no ball in the maze, exit. 5: Read a line from the standard input. Given a 1, rotate the maze counterclockwise. Given a 2, rotate the maze clockwise. Rotations are done by 90 degrees. It is up to you to decide if extraneous whitespace is allowed. If the user enters other inputs, repeat this step. 6: Goto step 1. You may assume all input mazes are closed. Note, a hole effectively acts as a wall in this regard. You may assume all input mazes have no extraneous whitespace. The shortest source code by character count wins. Example mazes: ###### #o @# ###### ########### #o # # ####### # ###@ # ######### ########################### # # # # @ # # # # ## # # ####o#### # # # # # # ######### # @ ######################

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  • What should I call a class that contains a sequence of states

    - by Robert P
    I have a GUI tool that manages state sequences. One component is a class that contains a set of states, your typical DFA state machine. For now, I'll call this a StateSet. However, I have another class that has a collection (possibly partially unordered) of those state sets, and lists them in a particular order. and I'm trying to come up with a good name for it - not just for internal code, but for customers to refer to it. I've got: Sequence (maybe) StateSetSet (reasonable for code, but not for customers) Any other suggestions or ideas?

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  • The Utilization of Software Engineering Development Principles

    - by Chance
    Being a CS student I've had to take a course in basic software engineering. I was a little curious to find such elaborate "software development processes", like the spiral model, the waterfall model, et cetera. Some of these methodologies seem a little antiquated to me and, after speaking with several employed developers, I can't seem to find anyone who actually adheres to these models. Does anyone here have experience working under the guidance of these models? Were they useful to you and your team during the development of your product? Or are these models just some way to communicate a sense of progression to interested parties outside of the development team?

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  • Doing Cross-platform builds with Qt Creator

    - by Joe Cannatti
    I am working on a desktop application using the Qt framework and Qt Creator IDE. I am doing my development on mac, and would like to begin testing on Windows as well. I am having trouble finding documentation on how do this. What's is the best way to develop on mac and automate windows builds of a Qt Creator project?

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  • Regular expressions - finding and comparing the first instance of a word

    - by Dan
    Hi there, I am currently trying to write a regular expression to pull links out of a page I have. The problem is the links need to be pulled out only if the links have 'stock' for example. This is an outline of what I have code wise: <td class="prd-details"> <a href="somepage"> ... <span class="collect unavailable"> </td> <td class="prd-details"> <a href="somepage"> ... <span class="collect available"> </td> What I would like to do is pull out the links only if 'collect available' is in the tag. I have tried to do this with the regular expression: (?s)prd-details[^=]+="([^"]+)" .+?collect{1}[^\s]+ available However on running it, it will find the first 'prd-details' class and keep going until it finds 'collect available', thereby taking the incorrect results. I thought by specifying the {1} after the word collect it would only use the first instance of the word it finds, but apparently I'm wrong. I've been trying to use different things such as positive and negative lookaheads but I cant seem to get anything to work. Might anyone be able to help me with this issue? Thanks, Dan

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  • Issue when I'm trying to draw gradient in swift

    - by bagusflyer
    I got an error when I was trying to draw gradient in Swift code: GradientView.swift:31:40: Could not find an overload for '__conversion' that accepts the supplied arguments Here is my code: let context : CGContextRef = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext() let locations :CGFloat[] = [ 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 ] let colors = [UIColor.redColor().CGColor,UIColor.greenColor().CGColor,UIColor.blueColor().CGColor, UIColor.yellowColor().CGColor] let colorspace : CGColorSpaceRef = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB() let gradient : CGGradientRef = CGGradientCreateWithColors(colorspace, colors, locations) //CGGradientCreateWithColors(colorspace,colors,locations) let startPoint : CGPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0) let endPoint : CGPoint = CGPointMake(500,500) CGContextDrawLinearGradient(context, gradient,startPoint, endPoint, 0); The problem is the CGGradientCreateWithColors takes CFArray not a normal Swift Array. I have no idea how to convert CFArray to Array and can't find anything in Apple's document. Any idea? Thanks

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  • How should i organize authority code?

    - by acidzombie24
    I have users that fall into the following Not logged in Not Verified Verified Moderator Admin All code that only admin and moderators can access (like banning) is in ModeratorUser which inherits from verified which inherits from BaseUser. Some pages are accessible to all users such as public profiles. If a user is logged in he can leave a comment. To check this i use if (IsVerifiedUser). Now here is the problem. To avoid problems if a user is banned he is not recognized as a verified user. However in the rare case i need to know if he is verified i can use usertype & Verified. Should i not be doing this? I have a bunch of code in my VerifiedUser class and find i am moving tons of it to BaseUser. Is this something i help because a not logged in user can access the page? Should i handle the ban user in a different way and allow IsVerifiedUser to be true even if the user is banned?

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  • Formal Equivalence between programming languages

    - by Ketan
    Hello We have 2 languages which are (informally) semantically equivalent but syntactically different. One is xml and another is script based. How can I go about formally proving that both languages are in fact equivalent. Script approach is just a convenient way to write a same program that would be tedious to write in xml. Thanks Ketan

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  • An Ideal Keyboard Layout for Programming

    - by Jon Purdy
    I often hear complaints that programming languages that make heavy use of symbols for brevity, most notably C and C++ (I'm not going to touch APL), are difficult to type because they require frequent use of the shift key. A year or two ago, I got tired of it myself, downloaded Microsoft's Keyboard Layout Creator, made a few changes to my layout, and have not once looked back. The speed difference is astounding; with these few simple changes I am able to type C++ code around 30% faster, depending of course on how hairy it is; best of all, my typing speed in ordinary running text is not compromised. My questions are these: what alternate keyboard layouts have existed for programming, which have gained popularity, are any of them still in modern use, do you personally use any altered layout, and how can my layout be further optimised? I made the following changes to a standard QWERTY layout. (I don't use Dvorak, but there is a programmer Dvorak layout worth mentioning.) Swap numbers with symbols in the top row, because long or repeated literal numbers are typically replaced with named constants; Swap backquote with tilde, because backquotes are rare in many languages but destructors are common in C++; Swap minus with underscore, because underscores are common in identifiers; Swap curly braces with square brackets, because blocks are more common than subscripts; and Swap double quote with single quote, because strings are more common than character literals. I suspect this last is probably going to be the most controversial, as it interferes the most with running text by requiring use of shift to type common contractions. This layout has significantly increased my typing speed in C++, C, Java, and Perl, and somewhat increased it in LISP and Python.

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  • C functions invoked as threads - Linux userland program

    - by Einar
    I'm writing a linux daemon in C which gets values from an ADC by SPI interface (ioctl). The SPI (spidev - userland) seems to be a bit unstable and freezes the daemon at random times. I need to have some better control of the calls to the functions getting the values, and I was thinking of making it as a thread which I could wait for to finish and get the return value and if it times out assume that it froze and kill it without this new thread taking down the daemon itself. Also I could do other things like resetting the ADC before restarting. Is this possible? Pseudo example of what I want to achieve: (function int get_adc_value(int adc_channel, float *value) ) pid = thread( get_adc_value(1,&value); //makes thread wait_until_finish(pid, timeout); //waits until function finishes/timesout if(timeout) kill pid, start over //if thread do not return in given time, kill it (it is frozen) else if return value sane, continue //if successful, handle return variable value and continue Thanks for any input on the matter, examples highly appreciated!

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  • Code-Golf: Friendly Number Abbreviator

    - by David Murdoch
    Based on this question: Is there a way to round numbers into a friendly format? THE CHALLENGE - UPDATED! (removed hundreds abbreviation from spec) The shortest code by character count that will abbreviate an integer (no decimals). Code should include the full program. Relevant range is from 0 - 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (the upper limit for signed 64 bit integer). The number of decimal places for abbreviation will be positive. You will not need to calculate the following: 920535 abbreviated -1 place (which would be something like 0.920535M). Numbers in the tens and hundreds place (0-999) should never be abbreviated (the abbreviation for the number 57 to 1+ decimal places is 5.7dk - it is unneccessary and not friendly). Remember to round half away from zero (23.5 gets rounded to 24). Banker's rounding is verboten. Here are the relevant number abbreviations: h = hundred (102) k = thousand (103) M = million (106) G = billion (109) T = trillion (1012) P = quadrillion (1015) E = quintillion (1018) SAMPLE INPUTS/OUTPUTS (inputs can be passed as separate arguments): First argument will be the integer to abbreviate. The second is the number of decimal places. 12 1 => 12 // tens and hundreds places are never rounded 1500 2 => 1.5k 1500 0 => 2k // look, ma! I round UP at .5 0 2 => 0 1234 0 => 1k 34567 2 => 34.57k 918395 1 => 918.4k 2134124 2 => 2.13M 47475782130 2 => 47.48G 9223372036854775807 3 => 9.223E // ect... . . . Original answer from related question (javascript, does not follow spec): function abbrNum(number, decPlaces) { // 2 decimal places => 100, 3 => 1000, etc decPlaces = Math.pow(10,decPlaces); // Enumerate number abbreviations var abbrev = [ "k", "m", "b", "t" ]; // Go through the array backwards, so we do the largest first for (var i=abbrev.length-1; i>=0; i--) { // Convert array index to "1000", "1000000", etc var size = Math.pow(10,(i+1)*3); // If the number is bigger or equal do the abbreviation if(size <= number) { // Here, we multiply by decPlaces, round, and then divide by decPlaces. // This gives us nice rounding to a particular decimal place. number = Math.round(number*decPlaces/size)/decPlaces; // Add the letter for the abbreviation number += abbrev[i]; // We are done... stop break; } } return number; }

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  • What tools to use to build large java commercial projects ?

    - by openCage
    There are several tools to build java projects: ant mvn ivy buildr ... From my experience Ant is great for small projects and projects with special build requirements. Mvn is great for large but typical projects without too much special requirements. It also seams better for open source than for commercial projects. What would you recommend in case of large, enterprise, commercial projects ? What do you currently use and what would you rather use and why ?

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  • Is using a FSM a good design for general text parsing?

    - by eSKay
    I am reading a file that is filled with hex numbers. I have to identify a particular pattern, say "aaad" (without quotes) from it. Every time I see the pattern, I generate some data to some other file. This would be a very common case in designing programs - parsing and looking for a particular pattern. I have designed it as a Finite State Machine and structured structured it in C using switch-case to change states. This was the first implementation that occured to me. DESIGN: Are there some better designs possible? IMPLEMENTATION: Do you see some problems with using a switch case as I mentioned?

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  • any character notation for php regular expression

    - by Mith
    In my regex, I want to say that within the sample text, any characters are allowed, including a-z in upper and lower case, numbers and special characters. For example, my regular expression may be checking that a document is html. therefore: "/[]+/" i have tried []+ but it does not seem to like this?

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  • How to get the git commit count?

    - by Splo
    I'd like to get the number of commits of my git repository, a bit like SVN revision numbers. The goal is to use it as a unique, incrementing build number. I currently do like that, on Unix/Cygwin/msysGit: git log --pretty=format:'' | wc -l But I feel it's a bit of a hack. Is there a better way to do that? It would be cool if I actually didn't need wc or even git, so it could work on a bare Windows. Just read a file or a directory structure ...

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  • What is the purpose of Java's unary plus operator?

    - by Syntactic
    Java's unary plus operator appears to have come over from C, via C++. As near as I can tell, it has the following effects: promotes its operand to int, if it's not already an int or wider unboxes its operand, if it's a wrapper object complicates slightly the parsing of evil expressions containing large numbers of consecutive plus signs It seems to me that there are better (or, at least, clearer) ways to do all of these things. In this SO question, concerning the counterpart operator in C#, someone said that "It's there to be overloaded if you feel the need." But in Java, one cannot overload any operator. So does this operator exist in Java just because it existed in C++?

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  • A two way minimum spanning tree of a directed graph

    - by mvid
    Given a directed graph with weighted edges, what algorithm can be used to give a sub-graph that has minimum weight, but allows movement from any vertex to any other vertex in the graph (under the assumption that paths between any two vertices always exist). Does such an algorithm exist?

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  • How to balance number of ratings versus the ratings themselves?

    - by zneak
    Hello guys, For a school project, we'll have to implement a ranking system. However, we figured that a dumb rank average would suck: something that one user ranked 5 stars would have a better average that something 188 users ranked 4 stars, and that's just stupid. So I'm wondering if any of you have an example algorithm of "smart" ranking. It only needs to take in account the rankings given and the number of rankings. Thanks!

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