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• How do you persist installed software & configurations on an Amazon EC2 instance?

  - by Richard

  I've gotten a base Debian AMI up and running and now I need to know the best way to maintain it. I've ran the updates (aptitude update/upgrade) and installed/configured my software (Apache, Ruby, etc.) but if I reboot the instance or start a new one I'll have to do all this work over again. How do you persist these types of things over a reboot? Do you build a new AMI every time you adjust some tiny piece of the system? Or is there some way to feed it a script on startup that configures it in "real-time"? I know I could go all the way with a Reductive Labs Puppet style setup but that's a bit too much for my needs right now (1-2 servers). Any best practices on this? Update: I found a bit of information on using User-Data to run scripts at instance boot time.

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• Is it possible to code on two different computers simultaneously?

  - by Muhammad

  I want to work with another programmer and I want the source code to be live in real-time on both of our screens. Is this possible on the Mac OS x or Linux? We're going to be using OS X but occasionally we might need to add an Ubuntu computer too. Is there a way I can do this using ssh, any shell based program, or even a good GUI? I thought Coda might be capable of this but it's not really working. Anyone ever do this? I'm not look for a git/svn/or any other version control system. This is more of a live coding session. :)

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• Converting NTFS to ZFS (or other)

  - by NumberFour

  Are there any benefits of converting HDDs that are running NTFS on a Linux machine to ZFS? Is there a way to do such conversion in Linux without losing the data? What about the stability of ZFS on Linux, does FUSE really work well in this case? People say that the only way to get the real full ZFS support is to install Solaris. I understand that the best choice for Linux would be ext4, but I really havent found a way how to convert to ext4 from NTFS without sacrificing all the data. On the other hand I have doubts whether changing from NTFS to ZFS while using Linux is really wise. Thanks for any tips.

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• How to reliably synchronise file servers between London and Shanghai?

  - by Andy S

  We have two offices, one in London and one in Shanghai, each needing to be able to access the same set of files. This means we need a solid, speedy means of synchronising a set of folders between servers at either office. They're likely to be Windows servers, but we could look at Linux boxes if the software side makes more sense on *nix. We've considered Rsync, Unison, Gluster, and a few other options, but none of them seem capable of reliably keeping the servers in sync between such distant office locations. Each office is on DSL connectivity over the open internet, so encryption is also a factor. Does anyone have any hints for getting the servers synchronising in as close to real time as possible, without dying constantly? Andy

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• Retrieve malicious IP addresses from Apache logs and block them with iptables

  - by Gabriel Talavera

  Im trying to keep away some attackers that try to exploit XSS vulnerabilities from my website, I have found that most of the malicious attempts start with a classic "alert(document.cookie);\" test. The site is not vulnerable to XSS but I want to block the offending IP addresses before they found a real vulnerability, also, to keep the logs clean. My first thought is to have a script constantly checking in the Apache logs all IP addresses that start with that probe and send those addresses to an iptables drop rule. With something like this: cat /var/log/httpd/-access_log | grep "alert(document.cookie);" | awk '{print $1}' | uniq Why would be an effective way to send the output of that command to iptables? Thanks in advance for any input!

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• Successful su for user by root in /var/log/auth.log

  - by grs

  I have this sorts of entries in my /var/log/auth.log: Apr 3 12:32:23 machine_name su[1521]: Successful su for user1 by root Apr 3 12:32:23 machine_name su[1654]: Successful su for user2 by root Apr 3 12:32:24 machine_name su[1772]: Successful su for user3 by root Situation: All users are real accounts in /etc/passwd; None of the users has its own crontab; All of those users are logged in the machine some time ago via SSH or No Machine - time varies from few minutes to few hours; no cron jobs are scheduled to run at that time, anacron is removed; I can see similar entries for other days and other times. The common part is the users are logged in when it appears. It does not appear during login, but some time afterwards. This machine has similar setup with few others but it is the only one where I see these entries. What causes them? Thanks

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• How can I install Gentoo on Virtual Box//(Ubuntu 12.04)

  - by Curious Apprentice

  I'm googling for a while about how can I install Gentoo on Virtual Box. The hand book provides less information about installing it on virtual box rather on a real partition. I thought there will be a GUI tool to install Gentoo. [Now I think there is not :(] Whenever I'm booting into gentoo Im going into a LiveDVD environment where fdisk returning "command not found !" (Not sure this is a bug or Im using a wronng command) Now Im not a very exprienced user but do like to learn and play with Gentoo. Any help link will be appriciated. Downloaded File: livedvd-x86-amd64-32ul-2012.iso (Do I need to use Gentoo 64 as OS version in Virtual Box ?)

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• Is there a lightweight MTA for Ubuntu 9.10 Desktop?

  - by Joe Casadonte

  I'm writing a Perl script to run as a cron job, and I want to email results & errors to a local account on the laptop. I'd like something that can talk SMTP (do any MTAs not adhere to SMTP?). I use Thunderbird 3, so I'll also need a POP/IMAP server (unless T-Bird can read straight from an mbox file; I'll have to check into that). No need for spam controls as I'll lock it down real tight, only accepting mail originating from the laptop itself. Thanks!

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• how to master in Windows administration [closed]

  - by Mateusz

  what is, in your opinion, best way to become real Windows, advanced administrator? Of course it's possible to obtain MS Certificates, but they're rather very expensive. Almost two years of everyday working on Linux machine, teach me, that it's very important to read system logs. Anyway, I assume that it's enough - I think that you must be familiar with almost any hive in you registry and each trick in Windows CMD and VBS- although it's high time for PowerShell, still on many maschines, you have only an opprotunity of using CMD by default (and their owners are reluctant to install anything else). How I can accomplish this task? Which groups follows (superUser - it' obligatory), which articles read?

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• Keepalived with apache unable to bind interface on Backup server

  - by davideagle

  I have two debian 6 servers running keepalived 1.1.20 with one server acting as a Master and the other as a Backup. Both servers host apache 2.4 that have a global Listener on all interfaces on port 80 (Listen *:80) how ever I have some sites that require a listener for port 443 (SSL) and that is configured for each VirtualHost in the Apache config since I do not want every VirtualHost to listen on port 443. The problem is when I try to start Apache on the Backup machine that does not hold the virtual interface the VirtualHost is supposed to be listening on, I get AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to address 1.1.1.1:443. I know this is expected behavior of Apache. The real question is are there any known workarounds or solutions to this scenario?

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• What tool can I use to definitely kill a process on Windows?

  - by Moak

  Can anyone recommend an application (preferably usb-portable that doesn't require setup) That really kills a process immediately in windows XP? I ask this because often when I need to use the XP task manager it seems to want to go about it "the polite way" and sometimes crashed programs don't quit or take a minute to shut down. I need a real stone cold killer, not a pushover-could-you-please-quit-now-no?-ok-sorry-program Edit I'm sorry if it wasn't clear previously but I did mean the situation when even the "End process" command in Process tab of the task manager doesn't kill a program, however one of the answers did point me to the "End Process Tree" command which I've never noticed (when right clicking on the process)

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• MS Outlook Voting mismatch

  - by Robert Ilbrink

  I did send out an Outlook vote to hundreds of employees, using their email address (which is mostly [email protected], but there are many exceptions). The incoming votes are not matched against the email address, but against the display name. Unfortunately, the display name has no real standard either. So instead of seeing this: [email protected] Voted: Yes [email protected] Voted: No I see this: [email protected] [email protected] Doe, Johnathan Philip Voted: Yes Doe - Peeters, Marian Voted: No In the actual list I see the addresses that I sent the vote to PLUS extra lines with the votes that came back. Is there a quick way to match my "send" list with the "received" list? One thing I thought of was to dump the global address book in a file and in Excel use =vlookup. But that seems a lot of work (and I am not even sure that I have the authorization to dump the address book).

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• How to make a quiet laptop?

  - by psihodelia

  Most modern laptops have very noisy fans. I am looking for a quiet laptop or a small stationary computer which has all its hardware built in a display. Most tasks will be PDF/docs processing, real-time audio processing, web-surfing and Skype video chats. Certainly, there is no any fan-less model today; but maybe some of the existed laptops do not switch on their fans so often or implement different solutions? For example, an iPad has no fan at all and it is fast enough for my needs, but it has no normal operating system, so I can't use it for anything but audio chats and web-surfing. Or maybe I can buy a laptop and tweak it to make it absolutely noiseless? Can you recommend any solution please?

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• Software for categorization with simple GUI

  - by rlesko

  Is there a simple software that would let me categorize, tag and search items that I input in it? It would be like a regular database but with a simplified GUI. I would add items with meaningful description and then categorize them and add tags. Then I would like to search (preferably real-time i.e. the search is showing results as I am typing) based on the item name/description, category or tag. The other option would obviously be that I just click the category or tag and it lists all the relevant results. List of categories and tags would also be a nice touch. Software is needed for Windows 7 or 8 or it can even be a Web app.

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• Load balancing + NAT issue on BNT GBE 2-7 gear

  - by Clément Game

  Hi guys, I've got troubles configuring an Hardware load-Balancer with NAT functions. I have the following architecture: Internet === VIP (public) LB (private ip) ==== private addressed servers When a connection is initialised from the outside (internet) , the LB correctly forwards the SYN packet to one of the private servers. But when these servers want to reply with a SYN/ACK there is a problem. the initial SYN packet had as ip header : VIP = Private_server_Address But the private servers cannot reach VIP from their side (this is normal since it's nated), and then provide a correct reply. Have you guys any solution to correctly forward the packets to their correct destination ? Note: The load balancer, which is the default gw for the servers, also has a NAT rule for "masquerading" (actually more SNAT than real masquerading) Regards, Clément.

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• SQL server environment

  - by Olegas D

  Hello I'm considering a bit of changes in current sales environment. And trying to check all cons and pros. Current situation. SQL server (quite decent HP server - server1) + backup server (smaller Dell server - server2). all sql files and sql server itself are on the server1. If something goes wrong with server1 I will have to manually move to server2. Connecting to the sql server: 1 HQ (where server located) + 4 sites through VPN. Now I'm considering 2 scenarios: Buy some storage system + update existing servers (add ram, upgrade processors) and go for VMWare ESXI. Rent a server at a datacenter + rent virtual server in case real server goes down. Also rent some space at data storage to keep SQL files there. Have anyone considered these things and maybe found some good pros/cons list? ;) Thanks

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• Nginx + PHP-FPM ignores no-cache headers

  - by Eric Winchell

  I'm using the following header on a php page. // Prevent page caching. header('Expires: Tue, 20 Oct 1981 05:00:00 GMT'); header('Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate'); header('Cache-Control: post-check=0, pre-check=0', FALSE); header('Pragma: no-cache'); I'm also using a rand=999999999 (with a real random number) in the URLs. But pages are still being cached. Reload works, but first load is cached. Anyone know where I can change this?

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• Name of my sql server instance from outside the network

  - by Michel

  Hi, normally i connect to my sql server instance from my local computer, and then the server name to connect to is the name of my laptop. So i can connect to server instance 'MichelLaptop' But now i'm trying to connect to my server from outside my network, and the first thing i wonder is: what is the name of the instance? i've made a redirect to my local machine in the DNS of my domain, so i said (this is not the real data) testsql.mydomain.com goes to 190.191.192.193 and when i ping testsql.mydomain.com, i get a response from 190.191.192.193 But what then is the server name?

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• How Can I Set the OS X Dock to Show Instantly Instead of Waiting Half a Second in Snow Leopard?

  - by Patrik Björklund

  Having a MacBook Pro 13" I find myself trying to maximize the screen real estate constantly which have led me to put the dock at the right hand corner of the screen. Now in an attempt to save a few more pixels I decided to give autohiding of the dock a go and ran into a problem that have plagued me all night... When you toggle the switch to automatically hide the dock you get stuck with a small delay before it appears when hovering the edge of the screen. I have learnt that this is one of the many design principles Apple have put in use. In this case it appears to be their mission to save me from seeing the dock those few times when it's not intentional to touch the screens edge. In Windows there was a way to tweak this setting to have the menubar appear instantly by altering some registry value. Is there some way I can do this in Mac OS X?

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• How to change the Windows 7 taskbar icon spacing?

  - by bill weaver

  At home i run Windows 7 with on a widescreen LCD with the taskbar to the left and this works well, but at work i just got upgraded to W7 on a 4:3 LCD and have the taskbar at the bottom. So what's with the taskbar icon spacing? Is there any way to change this? I.e. move them closer together? There's gotta be a registry setting or some fancy Tweak UI application that will reclaim some of that elbow room. That image above represents nearly half the width of my desktop. I know i know, white space is great and it gives it a light, whimsical look. Blah blah. Awesome, but can i get some real estate back please?

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• Remapping special keys on the keyboard

  - by thedude

  Hey there. I just bought a new keyboard today, and to my suprise it doesn't include "Next/Previus track" keys, although it has other media keys. It also has useless keys like "Home" which brings up the webbrowser. Or well, it's not actually the "Home" key, it's a special key on the keyboard with a house on it - no idea what it's called. Anyway, so i'd like to remap the "House" key to "Next track". I've tried three different remapping programs now and none of them seem to be working. I think the real problem is that it's a special key, so it's not included in any keyboard remapping applications. The keyboard is a Logitech, can't seem to find the exact model though. Any tips?

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• switch duplicates packets and forward in two route

  - by sami

  there is a network including a router, two hosts and a switch which connects hosts to router. i have a virtual machine on my system. the network adapter is set to act as bridge. so the virtual machine and real OS are my 2 hosts on different LAN. they use one network card and are connected to a switch. when each of host send a packet to the other one, the switch duplicate the packet and forward it to both router and the other host. how can I solve the duplicate packet problem? Thanks.

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• Multi-account Google Apps Calendar Free-busy status?

  - by Andrew Bolster

  I have 3 google apps domain accounts and a personal google account, and until recently, there was little need for the google app's calendars to have any real use; Now however the powers that be finally discovered the smart re-scheduler and the other google tools for managing meetings and schedules; unfortunately I'm now in a position where I've got events notifications all over the place and because each of the calendars do not know about each other, I'm losing all of the advantages of rescheduler / free-busy status. TL;DR, 4 calendars, unified 'free busy' status without having to manually copy every event please.

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• Restrict VPN Clients to VPN Server

  - by Sprotty

  I've setup a VPN server using Debians pptpd. This all works, but I want to restrict incoming connections so they can only access ports on the VPN server and not get access to other machines on the VPN servers local network. I'm guessing this is a firewall rule? but i'm new to linux so am struggling a bit... ---- Additional info ----- The VPN Server is also hosting an SVN server, which is its real purpose, and the only service I want it to expose to incoming connections. I guess I could expose the SVN server directly, but I'm not confident that I could secure this correctly, so a VPN seemed to give an additional layer of security.

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• Django fails to find static files served by nginx

  - by Simon

  I know this is a really noobish question but I can't find any solution despite finding the problem trivial. I have a django application deployed with gunicorn. The static files are served by the nginx server with the following url : myserver.com/static/admin/css/base.css. However, my django application keep looking for the static files at myserver.com:8001/static/admin/css/base.css and is obviously failing (404). I don't know how to fix this. Is it a django or an nginx problem ? Here is my nginx configuration file : server { server_name myserver.com; access_log off; location /static/ { alias /home/myproject/static/; } location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8001; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $server_name; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; add_header P3P 'CP="ALL DSP COR PSAa PSDa OUR NOR ONL UNI COM NAV"'; } } Thanks for the help !

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