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  • What is the simplest method to fill the area under a geom_freqpoly line?

    - by mattrepl
    The x-axis is time broken up into time intervals. There is an interval column in the data frame that specifies the time for each row. The column is a factor, where each interval is a different factor level. Plotting a histogram or line using geom_histogram and geom_freqpoly works great, but I'd like to have a line, like that provided by geom_freqpoly, with the area filled. Currently I'm using geom_freqpoly like this: ggplot(quake.data, aes(interval, fill=tweet.type)) + geom_freqpoly(aes(group = tweet.type, colour = tweet.type)) + opts(axis.text.x=theme_text(angle=-60, hjust=0, size = 6)) I would prefer to have a filled area, such as provided by geom_density, but without smoothing the line: UPDATE: The geom_area has been suggested, is there any way to use a ggplot2-generated statistic, such as ..count.., for the geom_area's y-values? Or, does the count aggregation need to occur prior to using ggplot2?

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  • In the following implementation of static_strlen, why are the & and parentheses around str necessary

    - by Ben
    If I change the type to const char str[Len], I get the following error: error: no matching function for call to ‘static_strlen(const char [5])’ Am I correct that static_strlen expects an array of const char references? My understanding is that arrays are passed as pointers anyway, so what need is there for the elements to be references? Or is that interpretation completely off-the-mark? #include <iostream> template <size_t Len> size_t static_strlen(const char (&str)[Len]) { return Len - 1; } int main() { std::cout << static_strlen("oyez") << std::endl; return 0; }

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  • Implementation/interface inheritance design question.

    - by Neil G
    I would like to get the stackoverflow community's opinion on the following three design patterns. The first is implementation inheritance; the second is interface inheritance; the third is a middle ground. My specific question is: Which is best? implementation inheritance: class Base { X x() const = 0; void UpdateX(A a) { y_ = g(a); } Y y_; } class Derived: Base { X x() const { return f(y_); } } interface inheritance: class Base { X x() const = 0; void UpdateX(A a) = 0; } class Derived: Base { X x() const { return x_; } void UpdateX(A a) { x_ = f(g(a)); } X x_; } middle ground: class Base { X x() const { return x_; } void UpdateX(A a) = 0; X x_; } class Derived: Base { void UpdateX(A a) { x_ = f(g(a)); } } I know that many people prefer interface inheritance to implementation inheritance. However, the advantage of the latter is that with a pointer to Base, x() can be inlined and the address of x_ can be statically calculated.

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  • Compilation errors calling find_if using a functor

    - by Jim Wong
    We are having a bit of trouble using find_if to search a vector of pairs for an entry in which the first element of the pair matches a particular value. To make this work, we have defined a trivial functor whose operator() takes a pair as input and compares the first entry against a string. Unfortunately, when we actually add a call to find_if using an instance of our functor constructed using a temporary string value, the compiler produces a raft of error messages. Oddly (to me, anyway), if we replace the temporary with a string that we've created on the stack, things seem to work. Here's what the code (including both versions) looks like: typedef std::pair<std::string, std::string> MyPair; typedef std::vector<MyPair> MyVector; struct MyFunctor: std::unary_function <const MyPair&, bool> { explicit MyFunctor(const std::string& val) : m_val(val) {} bool operator() (const MyPair& p) { return p.first == m_val; } const std::string m_val; }; bool f(const char* s) { MyFunctor f(std::string(s)); // ERROR // std::string str(s); // MyFunctor f(str); // OK MyVector vec; MyVector::const_iterator i = std::find_if(vec.begin(), vec.end(), f); return i != vec.end(); } And here's what the most interesting error message looks like: /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/stl_algo.h:260: error: conversion from ‘std::pair, std::allocator , std::basic_string, std::allocator ’ to non-scalar type ‘std::string’ requested Because we have a workaround, we're mostly curious as to why the first form causes problems. I'm sure we're missing something, but we haven't been able to figure out what it is.

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  • What does Method = "put document: 12.0.0.4518" means?

    - by Pari
    Hi All, I was trying to upload large size file on Sharepoint. And got following code sample (i.e FrontPage RPC (Remote Procedure Calls)) I am not getting use of "put document: 12.0.0.4518" and "string serviceName = "http://servername/sitename/_vti_bin/_vti_aut/author.dll";". I have worked on code but it is showing " Response time Out" error. But since i can't understand the code.It is not possible for me to solve this or any future problem.

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  • Why "Finalize method should not reference any other objects" ?

    - by mishal153
    I have been pondering why it is recommended that we should not release managed resources inside finalize. If you see the code example at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.gc.suppressfinalize.aspx , and search for string "Dispose(bool disposing) executes in two distinct scenarios" and read that comment, you will understand what I mean. Only possibility I can think of is that it probably has something to do with the fact that it is not possible to predict when finalizer will get called. Does anyone know the right answer ? thanks, mishal

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  • MS Detours Library, detouring non win api function

    - by flavour404
    Hi, I want to use the windows detours library to detour a non win api function. The function is part of the Qt library (QtGui4.dll). I am wondering how I would set up the function signature for : void QPainter::drawText ( const QPointF & position, const QString & text ) I had a go with this and it received my usual share of errors, a little explanation of requirements would be interesting as well: void (QPainter * real_drawText)(const QPointF & position, const QString & text) = drawText This is what they look like for TextOut, under the windows API: BOOL (WINAPI * Real_TextOut)(HDC a0, int a1, int a2, LPCWSTR a3, int a4) = TextOutW; BOOL WINAPI Mine_TextOut(HDC hdc,int X,int Y,LPCWSTR text,int textLen) { BOOL rv = Real_TextOut(hdc, X, Y, text, textLen); HWND hWindow = WindowFromDC(hdc); SendTextMessage(hWindow, text); return rv; } Thanks.

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  • How to convert a .NET WebService-Method-Result (Soap) into its original datatype?

    - by Marc
    Hello everyone. I have two "identical" webservices (Soap) on two different servers. Don't ask why :-) WebService-1 decides if it handels the request itself or if it passes the request to WebService-2. If so, the response of WebService-2 should directly be returned from WebService-1. The response datatype is complex and self defined. With simple datatypes like 'int or 'string' there would be no problem. The response of WebService-2 is a serialized object (I think it is called "stubs") and theredore it is not possibel to pass this object through as the response of WebService-1 because the type of the objects doesn't match. Is there a simple way to convert the serialised datatype into its original type without buiding a complex converter?

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  • ASP.NET MVC security: how to check if a controller method is allowed to execute under current user's

    - by Gart
    Given an ASP.NET MVC Controller class declaration: public class ItemController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { // ... } public ActionResult Details() { // ... } [Authorize(Roles="Admin, Editor")] public ActionResult Edit() { // ... } [Authorized(Roles="Admin")] public ActionResult Delete() { // .. } } I need to reflect a list of methods in this class which may be invoked with the current user's permissions. Please share some ideas of what could be done in this case.

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  • Checking status after wait()

    - by Helper Method
    After creating a child process and exiting it immediately (_exit()), I want to perform a wait and check the status. Now I wonder if in the 'else' branch of the if/else construct I also need to check for WIFSIGNALED. As far as I understand, if I perform a wait, a) an error could have occured (-1), the child could have terminated normally by an (exit() or _exit()), or it could have been terminated by a signal, so the check could be omitted, right? //remainder omitted int status; pid_t t_pid = wait(&status); if (t_pid == -1) { perror("wait"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (WIFEXITED(status)) { printf("child terminated normally, status = %d\n", WEXITSTATUS(status) ); } else { // <-- do it have to check for WIFSIGNALED() here? printf("child was terminated by a signal, signum = %d\n", WTERMSIG(status) ); }

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  • What is a good automated data import method for SQL Server?

    - by Joel Potter
    I'm in the process of porting some SQL Server 2005 databases to SQL Server 2008. One of these databases has an associated import application (Windows task) which uses SSIS with a DTS package to import a large dataset from an MS Access database nightly. In upgrading to SQL Server 2008, I discovered that I can't run the same console application which has been performing the imports due to the missing manageddts DLL in SQL Server 2008. It's several years old and in need of a rewrite for various reason, plus, I've been fairly unhappy with DTS in general. The original reason DTS was chosen was for speed (5 min import time compared to 30+ for ADO.NET). The format of the data to import is out of my control (the client likes Access). I would also like to be able to run the import from a machine completely separate from the server hosting SQL Server and preferably with minimal SQL features installed. Options I've considered: Creating an Access application to connect to both databases (SQL Server and Access) and perform the import (Ugh!) Revisiting ADO.NET to see if the original implementation was poorly written. Updated SSIS packages. What other technologies should I be considering for this job?

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  • Why i am getting NullPointerException for this btree method??

    - by user306540
    hi, i am writing code for btree algorithms. i am getting NullPointerException . why???? please somebody help me...! public void insertNonFull(BPlusNode root,BPlusNode parent,String key) { int i=0; BPlusNode child=new BPlusNode(); BPlusNode node=parent; while(true) { i=node.numKeys-1; if(node.leaf) { while(i>=0 && key.compareTo(node.keys[i])<0) { node.keys[i+1]=node.keys[i]; i--; } node.keys[i+1]=key; node.numKeys=node.numKeys+1; } else { while(i>=0 && key.compareTo(node.keys[i])<0) { i--; } } i++; child=node.pointers[i]; if(child!=null && child.numKeys==7) { splitChild(root,node,i,child); if(key.compareTo(node.keys[i])>0) { i++; } } node=node.pointers[i]; } }

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  • How perform USort() on an Array of Objects class definition as a method?

    - by user558724
    class Contact{ public $name; public $bgcolor; public $lgcolor; public $email; public $element; public function __construct($name, $bgcolor, $lgcolor, $email, $element) { $this->name = $name; $this->bgcolor = $bgcolor; $this->lgcolor = $lgcolor; $this->email = $email; $this->element = $element; } public static function sortByName(Contact $p1, Contact $p2) { return strcmp($p1->name, $p2->name); } } class ContactList implements Iterator, ArrayAccess { protected $_label; protected $_contacts = array(); public function __construct($label) { $this->_label = $label; } public function getLabel() { return $this->_label; } public function addContact(Contact $contact) { $this->_contacts[] = $contact; } public function current() { return current($this->_contacts); } public function key() { return key($this->_contacts); } public function next() { return next($this->_contacts); } public function rewind() { return reset($this->_contacts); } public function valid() { return current($this->_contacts); } public function offsetGet($offset) { return $this->_contacts[$offset]; } public function offsetSet($offset, $data) { if (!$data instanceof Contact) throw new InvalidArgumentException('Only Contact objects allowed in a ContactList'); if ($offset == '') { $this->_contacts[] = $data; } else { $this->_contacts[$offset] = $data; } } public function offsetUnset($offset) { unset($this->_contacts[$offset]); } public function offsetExists($offset) { return isset($this->_contacts[$offset]); } public function sort($attribute = 'name') { $sortFct = 'sortBy' . ucfirst(strtolower($attribute)); if (!in_array($sortFct, get_class_methods('Contact'))) { throw new Exception('contact->sort(): Can\'t sort by ' . $attribute); } usort($this->contact, 'ContactList::' . $sortFct); } } public function Sort($property, $asc=true) { // this is where sorting logic takes place $_pd = $this->_contact->getProperty($property); if ($_pd == null) { user_error('Property '.$property.' does not exist in class '.$this->_contact->getName(), E_WARNING); return; } // set sortDescriptor ContactList::$sortProperty = $_pd; // and apply sorting usort($this->_array, array('ContactList', ($asc?'USortAsc':'USortDesc'))); } function getItems(){ return $this->_array; } class SortableItem extends ContactList { static public $sortProperty; static function USortAsc($a, $b) { /*@var $_pd ReflectionProperty*/ /* $_pd = self::$sortProperty; if ($_pd !== null) { if ($_pd->getValue($a) === $_pd->getValue($b)) return 0; else return (($_pd->getValue($a) < $_pd->getValue($b))?-1:1); } return 0; } static function USortDesc($a, $b) { return -(self::USortAsc($a,$b)); } } This approach keeps giving me PHP Warnings: usort() [function.usort]: of all kinds which I can provide later as needed to comment out those methods and definitions in order to test and fix some minor bugs of our program. **$billy parameters are already defined. $all -> addContact($billy); // --> ended up adding each contact manually above $all->Sort('name',true); $items = $all->getItems(); foreach($items as $contact) { echo $contact->__toString(); } $all->sort(); The reason for using usort is to re-arrange the order alphabetically by name but somehow is either stating that the function comparison needs to be an array or another errors which obviously I have seemed to pass. Any help would be greatly appreciated, thanks in advance.

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  • What is a good method to use with multithreading to simulate this?

    - by user1504257
    I am writing a program in c++ in visual studio to be able to handle a line at a park. I have all of my customers in a line at the park and I want to be able to service them using multithreading with openmp. When I put the pragma and such in, I have multiple threads servicing the same customer at the same time for each and every customer I create, not what I want. I want for example, if I had two threads and four customers, that thread one to do customer one while thread 2 does customer 2. Then I would like thread 1 to do customer 3 and thread 2 customer 4 at the same time. I don't know if its possible or if there is a better way, but I need to use openmp. Thanks for your input.

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  • dynamic lib can't find static lib

    - by renyufei
    env: gcc version 4.4.1 (Ubuntu 4.4.1-4ubuntu9) app: Bin(main) calls dynamic lib(testb.so), and testb.so contains a static lib(libtesta.a). file list: main.c test.h a.c b.c then compile as: gcc -o testa.o -c a.c ar -r libtesta.a testa.o gcc -shared -fPIC -o testb.so b.c gcc -o main main.c -L. -ltesta -ldl then compile success, but runs an error: ./main: symbol lookup error: ./testb.so: undefined symbol: print code as follows: test.h #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <dlfcn.h> int printa(const char *msg); int printb(const char *msg); a.c #include "test.h" int printa(const char *msg) { printf("\tin printa\n"); printf("\t%s\n", msg); } b.c #include "test.h" int printb(const char *msg) { printf("in printb\n"); printa("called by printb\n"); printf("%s\n", msg); } main.c #include "test.h" int main(int argc, char **argv) { void *handle; int (*dfn)(const char *); printf("before dlopen\n"); handle = dlopen("./testb.so", RTLD_LOCAL | RTLD_LAZY); printf("after dlopen\n"); if (handle == NULL) { printf("dlopen fail: [%d][%s][%s]\n", \ errno, strerror(errno), dlerror()); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("before dlsym\n"); dfn = dlsym(handle, "printb"); printf("after dlsym\n"); if (dfn == NULL) { printf("dlsym fail: [%d][%s][%s]\n", \ errno, strerror(errno), dlerror()); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("before dfn\n"); dfn("printb func\n"); printf("after dfn\n"); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }

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  • Will this class cause memory leaks, and does it need a dispose method? (asp.net vb)

    - by Phil
    Here is the class to export a gridview to an excel sheet: Imports System Imports System.Data Imports System.Configuration Imports System.IO Imports System.Web Imports System.Web.Security Imports System.Web.UI Imports System.Web.UI.WebControls Imports System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts Imports System.Web.UI.HtmlControls Namespace ExcelExport Public NotInheritable Class GVExportUtil Private Sub New() End Sub Public Shared Sub Export(ByVal fileName As String, ByVal gv As GridView) HttpContext.Current.Response.Clear() HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader("content-disposition", String.Format("attachment; filename={0}", fileName)) HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel" Dim sw As StringWriter = New StringWriter Dim htw As HtmlTextWriter = New HtmlTextWriter(sw) Dim table As Table = New Table table.GridLines = GridLines.Vertical If (Not (gv.HeaderRow) Is Nothing) Then GVExportUtil.PrepareControlForExport(gv.HeaderRow) table.Rows.Add(gv.HeaderRow) End If For Each row As GridViewRow In gv.Rows GVExportUtil.PrepareControlForExport(row) table.Rows.Add(row) Next If (Not (gv.FooterRow) Is Nothing) Then GVExportUtil.PrepareControlForExport(gv.FooterRow) table.Rows.Add(gv.FooterRow) End If table.RenderControl(htw) HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(sw.ToString) HttpContext.Current.Response.End() End Sub Private Shared Sub PrepareControlForExport(ByVal control As Control) Dim i As Integer = 0 Do While (i < control.Controls.Count) Dim current As Control = control.Controls(i) If (TypeOf current Is LinkButton) Then control.Controls.Remove(current) control.Controls.AddAt(i, New LiteralControl(CType(current, LinkButton).Text)) ElseIf (TypeOf current Is ImageButton) Then control.Controls.Remove(current) control.Controls.AddAt(i, New LiteralControl(CType(current, ImageButton).AlternateText)) ElseIf (TypeOf current Is HyperLink) Then control.Controls.Remove(current) control.Controls.AddAt(i, New LiteralControl(CType(current, HyperLink).Text)) ElseIf (TypeOf current Is DropDownList) Then control.Controls.Remove(current) control.Controls.AddAt(i, New LiteralControl(CType(current, DropDownList).SelectedItem.Text)) ElseIf (TypeOf current Is CheckBox) Then control.Controls.Remove(current) control.Controls.AddAt(i, New LiteralControl(CType(current, CheckBox).Checked)) End If If current.HasControls Then GVExportUtil.PrepareControlForExport(current) End If i = (i + 1) Loop End Sub End Class End Namespace Will this class cause memory leaks? And does anything here need to be disposed of? The code is working but I am getting frequent crashes of the app pool when it is in use. Thanks.

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  • "Thread-Safe Calls" with "Invoke" method to Winform control leads very heavy memory leak!!

    - by konnychen
    In the following link: "Make Thread-Safe Calls to Windows Forms Controls http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms171728.aspx" We can see an example which provide cross tread access to a winform control. But if the thread is in a while loop, it will cause the heavy memory leak. As I use taskmanage I can see the memory is increasing. Can anyone help me to solve the problem? oThread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Cyclic_Call)); oThread2.Start(); delegate void SetText_lab_Statubar(string text); private void m_SetText_lab_Statubar(string text) { if (this.lab_Statubar.InvokeRequired) { SetText_lab_Statubar d = new SetText_lab_Statubar(m_SetText_lab_Statubar); this.Invoke(d, new object[] { text }); } else { this.lab_Statubar.Text = text; } } private void Cyclic_Call() { do { this.m_SetText_lab_Statubar("This string is set from thread"); Thread.Sleep(100); } while (!b_AbortThraed); }

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  • Is there a Java method that encodes a collection of parameters as a URL query component?

    - by Steven Huwig
    Is there a widely-used Java library that does something like what dojo.objectToQuery() does? E.g. (assuming the use of HttpCore's HttpParams object, but any key-value mapping will do): HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams() .setParameter("foo", "bar") .setParameter("thud", "grunt"); UnknownLibrary.toQueryString(params); should yield "foo=bar&thud=grunt". I know it's not hard to write but it seems like it should have already been written. I just can't find it.

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  • Is there an encoding method that is mutual to flash and php?

    - by Gus
    I'm base64 encoding a JPG in AS3 and passing it to PHP where it would be decoded. It appears that AS3's encodeToBase64String() function and and PHP's base64_decode() function do not use the same algorithm. Is there a library or API for either language that would allow it to interface with the other? Alternatively, does anyone even know what PHP's default base64 map is? My Google searching is not yielding results.

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  • Can AutoMapper call a method on destination for each member of collection on source?

    - by YonahW
    I have two classes as below. public class Destination { public Destination() { _StringCollection = new List<String>(); } private ICollection<String> _StringCollection; public IEnumerable<String> StringCollection { get { return _StringCollection.AsEnumerable<String>(); } } public void AddString(string str) { _StringCollection.Add(str); } } public class Source { public List<String> StringCollection { get; set; } } I would like to map that for each member of source call AddString(member) on Destination. I thought that maybe I could do something with a custom resolver but can't seem to figure out how.

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  • Best method to cleanly shut down an application launched via another.

    - by JYelton
    I couldn't find any close answers to this, so I'm consulting the experience of SO users: Scenario: I have two small C# winforms applications where one behaves as a server or host, the other as a client. They share data via SQL Server, in terms of configuration settings. I am currently launching the client application (which only needs to run periodically) from the server application via Process.Start() and terminating it via Process.CloseMainWindow() (after finding it in the process list). While it seems clean enough, I wondered if there's a better way. Question: Which way would be best to instruct the client application to shut down: Continue using Process.CloseMainWindow()? Implement WCF between the applications? (I would need help on how to do this.) Set a variable in SQL that the client application checks for? Some other way?

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  • JavaFX - reduce() function to show how to pass functions as parameters

    - by Helper Method
    At the moment I'm writing a JavaFX guide for Java developers. In order to show how to pass a function to another funtion i adopted the reduce() function found in Effective Java: function reduce(seq: Integer[], f: function(: Integer, : Integer): Integer, init: Integer) { var result = init; for (i in seq) { result = f(i, result); } result } def nums = [1 .. 10]; println(reduce(nums, function(a: Integer, b: Integer) { a + b }, 0)); // prints 55 println(reduce(nums, function(a: Integer, b: Integer) { a * b }, 0)); // prints 3628800 Now I wonder if this example is not to hard for someone starting to learn JavaFX. The tutorial is targeted to programmers with a solid understanding of Java, yet I'm not quite sure about the usefulness of the example. Any ideas?

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