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• How to run specific program with root privileges (Ubuntu OS) when no sudo user log into system?

  - by makulia

  How to run specific program with root privileges (Ubuntu OS) when no sudo user log into system? Program need root privileges to function correctly. Normal user shouldn't be able to shutdown this process. For example, I have to users. Admin and Client. Program should start only when Client log into system. It needs root privileges and Client shouldn't be able to shut this process down.

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• Basic IIS7 permissions question

  - by Tom Gullen

  We have a website, with a file: www.example.com/apis/httpapi.asp This file is used by the site internally to make requests joining two systems on the website together (one is Classic ASP, the other ASP.net). However, we do not want the public to be able to access the file. In IIS7.5, is there a setting I can do to make this file internal only? I've tried rewriting the URL for it but this rewrite is also applied internally so the scripts stop working as they fetch the rewritten url. Thanks for any help!

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• Recommended way to restrict Apache users

  - by Dor

  Following on why should we restrict Apache users, another two questions arises: What is the recommended method of restricting the places Apache users can traverse & read in the file system? What to do against fork bombs and other shell scripting problems? (bash scripting is allowed) My possible solutions (I prefer to know which solution you choose and why): chroot OR mod_chroot disable bash OR use Restricted BASH Please offer another solutions if you find appropriate. (perhaps selinux is?) Current status: Users are allowed to executed bash scripts (via PHP for example) suexec is active Apache requested are served with FastCGI for PHP

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• How to ACTUALLY install Java on Linux?

  - by Camran

  I have a Ubuntu Server. From the terminal, how should I install JDK? In this guide it says to use this command: sudo apt-get install sun-java6-bin sun-java6-jre sun-java6-jdk But on Suns website, it says JDK includes the JRE, so why the JRE in the line above? Anybody know how to actually install Java? Every guide and every forum shows different ways of doing it. BTW: It is a VPS (virtual private server) Thanks

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• Is zip's encryption really bad?

  - by Nifle

  The standard advice for many years regarding compression and encryption has been that the encryption strength of zip is bad. Is this really the case in this day and age? I read this article about WinZip (it has had the same bad reputation). According to that article the problem is removed provided you follow a few rules when choosing your password. At least 12 characters in length Be random not contain any dictionary, common words or names At least one Upper Case Character Have at least one Lower Case Character Have at least one Numeric Character Have at least one Special Character e.g. $,£,*,%,&,! This would result in roughly 475,920,314,814,253,000,000,000 possible combinations to brute force Please provide recent (say past five years) links to back up your information.

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• Kernel Log "TCP: Treason uncloaked!"

  - by hurikhan77

  On one linux server (Gentoo hardened), we are experiencing bursts of the following messages in dmesg from time to time: TCP: Treason uncloaked! Peer xx.xx.xxx.xxx:65039/80 shrinks window 4094157295:4094160199. Repaired. Is there anything we should take care of or is this normal? Update: Maybe related, we are using net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = cubic. Kernel version is 2.6.28 with Gentoo hardening patches.

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• hosts.deny not working

  - by Captain Planet

  Currently I am watching the live auth.log and someone is continuously trying the brute force attack for 10 hours. Its my local server so no need to worry but I want to test. I have installed denyhosts. There is already an entry for that IP address in hosts.deny. But still he is trying the attacks from same IP. System is not blocking that. Firstly I don't know how did that IP address get entered in that file. I didn't enter it, is there any other system script which can do that. hosts.deny is sshd: 120.195.108.22 sshd: 95.130.12.64 hosts.allow ALL:ALL sshd: ALL Is there any iptable setting that can override the host.deny file

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• PostgreSQL encrypted backups

  - by Nikhil Gupte

  Is it possible to ensure that dumps taken from a PostgreSQL db are always encrypted? The data in the database is highly sensitive and we cannot afford un-authorized personnel, including Sys Admins who need to backup the db, to access the actual data.

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• SMTP hacked by spammer using base64 encoding to authenticate

  - by Throlkim

  Over the past day we've detected someone from China using our server to send spam email. It's very likely that he's using a weak username/password to access our SMTP server, but the problem is that he appears to be using base64 encoding to prevent us from finding out which account he's using. Here's an example from the maillog: May 5 05:52:15 195396-app3 smtp_auth: SMTP connect from (null)@193.14.55.59.broad.gz.jx.dynamic.163data.com.cn [59.55.14.193] May 5 05:52:15 195396-app3 smtp_auth: smtp_auth: SMTP user info : logged in from (null)@193.14.55.59.broad.gz.jx.dynamic.163data.com.cn [59.55.14.193] Is there any way to detect which account it is that he's using?

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• Benefits of separating operating system files from user files onto different partitions

  - by Paul

  I am in the process of hardening a CentOS box, and came across an article that suggested mounting these filesystems onto different partitions: /usr /home /var and /var/tmp /tmp I was wondering what exactly this accomplishes, in terms of securing the box?

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• What are some good methods to improve personal password management?

  - by danilo

  I want to improve my personal password management. I usually use secure passwords, but overuse them for too many different places. My questions: What methods do you use to create passwords, e.g. for different online sites/logins? What methods do you use to remember those passwords? Memory? Pen&Paper? Software storage? Is there some good way to store my passwords somewhere, so I can always have access to them when I need them (e.g. a webbased solution on my own server) but at the same way keep them away from unwanted access? Edit: Someone on another site mentioned http://passwordmaker.org/. Have you had any good or bad experiences with that software?

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• Could local ISP capture my location whenever i launch a VPN to a VPN server?

  - by Ozgun Sunal

  I am extremely concerned that my ISP collects any information once I am connected to a VPN server. For instance, as far as I know, when I start a connection to a HotSpotShield VPN server, an IP address is assigned to me just before a successful connection. Besides, I'll be having an extra IP address at the beginning with the TAP Adapter. An encryption tunnel is set up between me and the VPN server. Whenever my request for a website reaches them (VPN server), they decrypt the data and later they encrypt the reply which returns from the web (targeted) server. This works like that. So, the ISP can not see what I am watching, displaying and writing because the connection is encrypted. But, the targeted websites see and record all actions. Still, they can not identify my real IP address. I'm really concerned about if the ISP can see "my location". OK, it has an IP address from another country as my real IP address, but how does my ISP detect the traffic going through them? Can they find out who I am? Won't they say "Hey, there is a traffic but who is and what he is doing right now?", because I get the Internet from them?

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• Duplicate GET request from multiple IPs - can anyone explain this?

  - by dwq

  We've seen a pattern in our webserver access logs which we're having problem explaining. A GET request appears in the access log which is a legitimate, but private, url as part of normal e-commerce website use (by private, we mean there is a unique key in a url form variable generated specifically for that customer session). Then a few seconds later we get hit with an identical request maybe 10-15 times within the space of a second. The duplicate requests are all from different IP addresses. The UserAgent for the duplicates are all the same (but different from the original request). The reverse DNS lookup on the IPs for all the duplicates requests resolve to the same large hosting company. Can anyone think of a scenario what would explain this? EDIT 1 Here's an example that's probably anonymised beyond being any actual use, but it might give an idea of the sort of pattern we're seeing (it's from a search query as they sometimes get duplicated too): xx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Jun/2013:21:42:57 +0100] "GET /search.html?search=widget&Submit=Search HTTP/1.0" 200 5475 "http://www.ourdomain.com/index.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)" xx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Jun/2013:21:43:03 +0100] "GET /search.html?search=widget&Submit=Search HTTP/1.0" 200 5475 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_7) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.91 Safari/534.30" xx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Jun/2013:21:43:03 +0100] "GET /search.html?search=widget&Submit=Search HTTP/1.0" 200 5475 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_7) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.91 Safari/534.30" xx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Jun/2013:21:43:04 +0100] "GET /search.html?search=widget&Submit=Search HTTP/1.0" 200 5475 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_7) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.91 Safari/534.30" xx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Jun/2013:21:43:04 +0100] "GET /search.html?search=widget&Submit=Search HTTP/1.0" 200 5475 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_7) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.91 Safari/534.30" xx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Jun/2013:21:43:04 +0100] "GET /search.html?search=widget&Submit=Search HTTP/1.0" 200 5475 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_7) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.91 Safari/534.30" xx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Jun/2013:21:43:04 +0100] "GET /search.html?search=widget&Submit=Search HTTP/1.0" 200 5475 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_7) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.91 Safari/534.30" xx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Jun/2013:21:43:04 +0100] "GET /search.html?search=widget&Submit=Search HTTP/1.0" 200 5475 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_7) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.91 Safari/534.30" xx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Jun/2013:21:43:04 +0100] "GET /search.html?search=widget&Submit=Search HTTP/1.0" 200 5475 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_7) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.91 Safari/534.30" xx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Jun/2013:21:43:04 +0100] "GET /search.html?search=widget&Submit=Search HTTP/1.0" 200 5475 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_7) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.91 Safari/534.30" xx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Jun/2013:21:43:04 +0100] "GET /search.html?search=widget&Submit=Search HTTP/1.0" 200 5475 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_7) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.91 Safari/534.30" UPDATE 2 Sometimes it is part of a checkout flow that's duplicated to I'd think twitter is unlikely.

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• Picking up a lot of failed authentications for various accounts

  - by Josh K

  My server is getting a lot of various failed authentication attempts for various accounts. The most common one (that I've seen ) or the root account. I have since enabled Fail2Ban and ran several rootkit / malware checks to ensure I wasn't compromised. Is there anything else I should do? I only have three accounts enabled, and SSH access for only two. I have a full 48hr ban on anyone making more then six failed SSH login attempts. I do not have FTP enabled.

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• Solr startup script problem

  - by Camran

  I have installed solr and it works finally... I have now problems setting it up to start automatically with a start command. I have followed a tutorial and created a file called solr in the /etc/init.d/solr dir... Here is that file: #!/bin/sh -e # SOLR auto-start # # description: auto-starts solr engine # processname: solr-production # pidfile: /var/run/solr-production.pid NAME="solr" PIDFILE="/var/run/solr-production.pid" LOG_FILE="/var/log/solr-production.log" SOLR_DIR="/etc/jetty" JAVA_OPTIONS="-Xmx1024m -DSTOP.PORT=8079 -DSTOP.KEY=stopkey -jar start.jar" JAVA="/usr/bin/java" start() { echo -n "Starting $NAME... " if [ -f $PIDFILE ]; then echo "is already running!" else cd $SOLR_DIR $JAVA $JAVA_OPTIONS 2> $LOG_FILE & sleep 2 echo `ps -ef | grep -v grep | grep java | awk '{print $2}'` > $PIDFILE echo "(Done)" fi return 0 } stop() { echo -n "Stopping $NAME... " if [ -f $PIDFILE ]; then cd $SOLR_DIR $JAVA $JAVA_OPTIONS --stop sleep 2 rm $PIDFILE echo "(Done)" else echo "can not stop, it is not running!" fi return 0 } case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop sleep 5 start ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 (start | stop | restart)" exit 1 ;; esac Whenever I do solr -start I get this error: "Error occurred during initialization of VM Could not reserve enough space for object heap" I think this is because of the file above... Also here is where I have solr installed: var/www/solr and here is the start.jar file located: var/www/start.jar Help me out if you know whats causing this. Thanks BTW: OS is ubuntu 9.10

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• Windows 8.1 and fingerprint readers

  - by Sevenate

  Is there any build in UI for that kind of hardware like it exist in Modern UI for WiFi, Bluetooth, Broadband mobile and other common settings or I'm forced to use separate software (besides the obvious drivers for hardware)? The thing is that I have build-in fingerprint reader in my laptop and I have installed all necessary official drivers for it (and it looks like they are working fine, btw). But I did not find any UI settings where I could change Sign-in option from password/picture password/pin to fingerprint.

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• What kinds of protections against viruses does Linux provide out of the box for the average user?

  - by ChocoDeveloper

  I know others have asked this, but I have other questions related to this. In particular, I'm concerned about the damage that the virus can do the user itself (his files), not the OS in general nor other users of the same machine. This question came to my mind because of that ransomware virus that is encrypting machines all over the world, and then asking the user to send a payment in Bitcoin if he wants to recover his files. I have already received and opened the email that is supposed to contain the virus, so I guess I didn't do that bad because nothing happened. But would I have survived if I opened the attachment and it was aimed at Linux users? I guess not. One of the advantages is that files are not executable by default right after downloading them. Is that just a bad default in Windows and could be fixed with a proper configuration? As a Linux user, I thought my machine was pretty secure by default, and I was even told that I shouldn't bother installing an antivirus. But I have read some people saying that the most important (or only?) difference is that Linux is just less popular, so almost no one writes viruses for it. Is that right? What else can I do to be safe from this kind of ransomware virus? Not automatically executing random files from unknown sources seems to be more than enough, but is it? I can't think of many other things a user can do to protect his own files (not the OS, not other users), because he has full permissions on them.

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• how to see activity logs on a linux pc?

  - by iamrohitbanga

  I want to find out everything possible about the how the pc was used in the past few days. Like who logged in, for how long was the PC was locked and any other information about user activity that is logged on my PC. I know that last command can be used to find out who was logged in and for how long. Any other information that can be found out.

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• Is it worth running nessus as well as OpenVAS?

  - by kdt

  Apparently OpenVAS originated as a fork of Nessus. It is very easy to install and use OpenVAS because it's, well, open. However, am I kidding myself if I just use that instead of Nessus? Should I be using both, or if I use Nessus then is OpenVAS surplus to requirements? To break it down into non-subjective sub-questions: * Is openvas a superset or subset of nessus? * Is one updated more often than the other? * Does one have a bigger vulnerability database than the other? * ...or are there other qualitative differences that I may be missing?

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• Account to read AD, join machine to domain, delete computer accounts and move computers to OUs

  - by Ben

  I want to create an account that will perform the following: Join computers to a domain (not restricted to 10, like a normal user) Check for computer accounts in AD Delete computers from AD Move computers between OUs I don't want to allow it to do anything else, so don't want a domain admin account. Can anyone guide me in the right direction in terms of permissions? Not sure if I should be using delegation of control wizard? Cheers, Ben

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• How can I get a data usage/access log for an external hard-drive?

  - by Vittorio Vittori

  Hello, I'm working in an office with many people and sometimes I leave my external hard drive with my personal data inside. I would to know if there is some way to see if my hard disk was used during my absence. I'm not the computer administrator, so I can't use exclusive file permissions and I would really like to know hard disk is opened from another computer. I am using a Mac. Does exist some other way to protect personal data on usb device like an hard-drive? If yes can you write some link to possible guides? I hope there is some ploy!!

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• There are currently no logon servers available

  - by Ian Robinson

  I am running a Windows 7 laptop that is joined to my company's domain. When I installed Windows 7, I created an account for myself, joined to the domain, and it had been working quite well even though I'm physically remote most of the time, and not actually on the network. However, today I created a new local user account (non-admin) for my little brother. While he was using it, he decided he wanted to install a program, because his account is not an admin, he was prompted to enter Administrator credentials to allow the program to make changes to his computer. I entered my credentials, and this is the first time I ran into the error message: There are currently no logon servers available to service the logon request. I tried logging off and loggin back in, rebooting, etc etc, and no matter what, every time I try to authenticate as my "normal" domain account - I get that message. I can no longer access my computer as an administrator. I no longer know how to log in to my machine using any other account aside from my little brother's non-admin account. I don't have any other local accounts created, and the default local admin account was never enabled. I'd appreciate any ideas on how I can recover access to my account. Let me know if I can provide any more information. FYI - This is a similar question but not sure any of the answers help me in my case. http://serverfault.com/questions/71632/there-are-currently-no-logon-servers-available-to-service-the-logon-request

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• Modern open source NIDS/HIDS and consoles?

  - by MattC

  Years back we set up an IDS solution by placing a tap in front of our exterior firewall, piping all the traffic on our DS1 through an IDS box and then sending the results off to a logging server running ACiD. This was around 2005-ish. I've been asked to revamp the solution and expand on it and looking around, I see that the last release of ACiD was from 2003 and I can't seem to find anything else that seems even remotely up-to-date. While these things may be feature complete, I worry about library conflicts, etc. Can anyone give me suggestions for a Linux/OpenBSD based solution using somewhat modern tools? Just to be clear, I know that Snort is still actively developed. I guess I'm more in the market for a modern open-source web console to consolidate the data. Of course if people have great experiences with IDS' other than Snort I'm happy to hear about it.

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• Lastpass VS Sxipper. which one is better at their thing?

  - by Fellknight

  Well, i've been using sxipper for some time now, but recently came across lastpass. I can't tell which one is more secure or has a better functionality, sxipper however seems easier to use.

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• Script for checking the nologin accounts and then disable the account

  - by suma

  "Could you please share the scripts which does the below ?" I have written a script that scans all the relevent logs daily, makes a list of people that have had any activity that day, and maintains database (just a text file) of users and the last time they logged in. Then I have a second script that examines the database for dates more than x days ago, an notifies the user and administrator 2 weeks prior to locking the account. And if there are any dates more than x+y days ago, deletes the account altogether. This seems to be working for me - but I would like to use a non-proprietary solution if one is available. "Could you please share the scripts?"

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