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• My gmail password hacked in Firefox?

  - by ellockie

  While writing a message using Firefox suddenly my gmail login details, including password, were pasted into the body of my message at the current cursor position and in the browser's find field (whole password and a bit of email address in the latter). I don't store my passwords in the browser nor in any of it's addons, although I keep it in one of Chrome's extensions. I don't use whole email address to login, only the user name, so it's very strange and worrying. I must admit I clicked some suspicious link the same day (by checking the root of the domain first), but I quickly closed that page and after that I haven't used that password. Both Avira and Spybot didn't detect anything. What was it and what can I do to make sure my browser is safe?

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• What is the right iptables rule to allow apt-get to download programs?

  - by anthony01

  When I type something like sudo apt-get install firefox, everything work until it asks me: After this operation, 77 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y Then error messages are displayed: Failed to fetch: <URL> My iptables rules are as follows: -P INPUT DROP -P OUTPUT DROP -P FORWARD DROP -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT What should I add to allow apt-get to download updates? Thanks

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• Why is it good to have website content files on a separate drive other than system (OS) drive?

  - by Jeffrey

  I am wondering what benefits will give me to move all website content files from the default inetpub directory (C:) to something like D:\wwwroot. By default IIS creates separate application pool for each website and I am using the built-in user and group (IURS) as the authentication method. I’ve made sure each site directory has the appropriate permission settings so I am not sure what benefits I will gain. Some of the environment settings are as below: VMWare Windows 2008 R2 64 IIS 7.5 C:\inetpub\site1 C:\inetpub\site2 Also as this article (moving the iis7 inetpub directory to a different drive) points out, not sure if it's worth the trouble to migrate files to a different drive: PLEASE BE AWARE OF THE FOLLOWING: WINDOWS SERVICING EVENTS (I.E. HOTFIXES AND SERVICE PACKS) WOULD STILL REPLACE FILES IN THE ORIGINAL DIRECTORIES. THE LIKELIHOOD THAT FILES IN THE INETPUB DIRECTORIES HAVE TO BE REPLACED BY SERVICING IS LOW BUT FOR THIS REASON DELETING THE ORIGINAL DIRECTORIES IS NOT POSSIBLE.

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• What else can I do to secure my Linux server?

  - by eric01

  I want to put a web application on my Linux server: I will first explain to you what the web app will do and then I will tell you what I did so far to secure my brand new Linux system. The app will be a classified ads website (like gumtree.co.uk) where users can sell their items, upload images, send to and receive emails from the admin. It will use SSL for some pages. I will need SSH. So far, what I did to secure my stock Ubuntu (latest version) is the following: NOTE: I probably did some things that will prevent the application from doing all its tasks, so please let me know of that. My machine's sole purpose will be hosting the website. (I put numbers as bullet points so you can refer to them more easily) 1) Firewall I installed Uncomplicated Firewall. Deny IN & OUT by default Rules: Allow IN & OUT: HTTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, SSH, UDP port 53 (DNS), UDP port 123 (SNTP), SSL, port 443 (the ones I didn't allow were FTP, NFS, Samba, VNC, CUPS) When I install MySQL & Apache, I will open up Port 3306 IN & OUT. 2) Secure the partition in /etc/fstab, I added the following line at the end: tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,rw 0 0 Then in console: mount -o remount /dev/shm 3) Secure the kernel In the file /etc/sysctl.conf, there are a few different filters to uncomment. I didn't know which one was relevant to web app hosting. Which one should I activate? They are the following: A) Turn on Source Address Verification in all interfaces to prevent spoofing attacks B) Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4 C) Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv6 D) Do no accept ICMP redirects (we are not a router) E) Accept ICMP redirects only for gateways listed in our default gateway list F) Do not send ICMP redirects G) Do not accept IP source route packets (we are not a router) H) Log Martian Packets 4) Configure the passwd file Replace "sh" by "false" for all accounts except user account and root. I also did it for the account called sshd. I am not sure whether it will prevent SSH connection (which I want to use) or if it's something else. 5) Configure the shadow file In the console: passwd -l to lock all accounts except user account. 6) Install rkhunter and chkrootkit 7) Install Bum Disabled those services: "High performance mail server", "unreadable (kerneloops)","unreadable (speech-dispatcher)","Restores DNS" (should this one stay on?) 8) Install Apparmor_profiles 9) Install clamav & freshclam (antivirus and update) What did I do wrong and what should I do more to secure this Linux machine? Thanks a lot in advance

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• Mod_security Logging

  - by Hekuran S. Doli

  Im trying to run mod_security as standalone service with nginx as reverse proxy everything works fine except logging. Mod_security logs reverse proxys ip addres instead of clients ip address. I would appreciate if someone can help. The following is an example of logfile where mod_security is logging 127.0.0.1 instead of clients ip address. 2012/08/29 14:18:13 [info] 206862#0: [client 127.0.0.1] ModSecurity: Access denied with code 403 (phase 2). Pattern match ...

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• Our server hosting provider asked for our root password

  - by Andreas Larsson

  I work at a company that develops and hosts a small business critical system. We have an "Elastic cloud server" from a professional hosting provider. I recently got an email from them saying that they've had some problems with their backup solution and that they needed to install a new kernel. And they wanted us to send them the root password so they could do this work. I know that the email came from them. It's not [email protected] or anything like that. I called them and asked them about this, and they were like "yep, we need the password to do this". It just seems odd to send the root password over email like this. Do I have any reason to be concerned?

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• How to set up Drupal Plugin Manager on MAMP in a secure way?

  - by Andrei

  Hi, I use MAMP PRO as global webserver. First of all, is it a good idea? Secondly, my objective is to run a Drupal website with as easy management as possible. Now I want to use Plugin Manager module to install additional modules and themes for my website. It wants to use ftp for that, and I know that if I open access to FTP port then IT-department guys will come to me and ask to shut it down. So I wonder if there is a way to allow Plugin Manager to install modules, having the port 21 closed somehow?

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• Mitigating the 'firesheep' attack at the network layer?

  - by pobk

  What are the sysadmin's thoughts on mitigating the 'firesheep' attack for servers they manage? Firesheep is a new firefox extension that allows anyone who installs it to sidejack session it can discover. It does it's discovery by sniffing packets on the network and looking for session cookies from known sites. It is relatively easy to write plugins for the extension to listen for cookies from additional sites. From a systems/network perspective, we've discussed the possibility of encrypting the whole site, but this introduces additional load on servers and screws with site-indexing, assets and general performance. One option we've investigated is to use our firewalls to do SSL Offload, but as I mentioned earlier, this would require all of the site to be encrypted. What's the general thoughts on protecting against this attack vector? I've asked a similar question on StackOverflow, however, it would be interesting to see what the systems engineers thought.

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• linux intrusion detection software

  - by Sam Hammamy

  I have an Ubuntu VPS that I use for practice and deploying prototypes as I am a python developer. I recently started teaching my self sys admin tasks, like installing OpenLDAP. I happened to turn off the ufw firewall for just a minute, and when I ran an netstat command, I saw a foreign ip connected to ssh that I traced to china. I'd like to know a few things: 1) Is there any good network intrusion detection software, such that if any IP that's outside a specific range connects to the VPN, I can be notified? -- I am thinking about scripting this, but I'm pretty sure there's something useful out there and I believe in the wisdom of crowds. 2) How did this person gain access to my server? Is it because my firewall was down? Or is it because they browsed my LDAP directory and from there figured out a way to connect (there was a clear text password in the tree but it wasn't one used by the server's sshd)?

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• Basic IPTables setup for OpenVPN/HTTP/HTTPS server

  - by Afronautica

  I'm trying to get a basic IPTables setup on my server which will allow HTTP/SSH access, as well as enable the use of the server as an OpenVPN tunnel. The following is my current rule setup - the problem is OpenVPN queries (port 1194) seemed to be getting dropped as a result of this ruleset. Pinging a website while logged into the VPN results in teh response: Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 92 bytes from 10.8.0.1: Destination Port Unreachable When I clear the IPTable rules pinging from the VPN works fine. Any ideas? iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i ! lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -j REJECT iptables -A FORWARD -j REJECT

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• Password protect a folder

  - by Lee Treveil

  What are the available options for password protecting a folder? I'm talking about requiring a password to actually access the folder, not just user access rights. Is the third-party software out there secure and stable? What are the recommendations?

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• Software for defining rules for folder permissions and monitoring deviations

  - by Kjensen

  Let's say a company has a large number of users, and each user has a home area. On each share used for home area folders, I would like to define some rules saying who is supposed to have which permissions on the folder. Then I would like to audit automatically, that this is actually the case and get some sort of report on deviations. So a rule for \MegaServer\Home01 could be defined something like: Domain Admins - Full Control Backup Agent - Read [Home folder owner] - Full Control I am talking about Windows platform and Windows servers, although I think it would most likely also work for *nix machines that expose Windows shares. Does software like this exist? I could roll my own basic version, but if something already exists, that is usually a better option. I am aware of tools to make displaying permissions easier (AccessEnum, DumpSec), but that is not what I am looking for.

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• Putting a whole linux server under source control (git)

  - by Tobias Hertkorn

  I am thinking about putting my whole linux server under version control using git. The reason behind it being that that might be the easiest way to detect malicious modifications/rootkits. All I would naively think is necessary to check the integrity of the system: Mount the linux partition every week or so using a rescue system, check if the git repository is still untempered and then issue a git status to detect any changes made to the system. Apart from the obvious waste in disk space, are there any other negative side-effects? Is it a totally crazy idea? Is it even a secure way to check against rootkits since I most likely would have to at least exclude /dev and /proc ?

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• I am starting to think that Prevx.com isnt a legit site...but heres my long-winded question

  - by cop1152

  I apologize in advance for the long-winded post. I posted it all because I believe its informative and may be useful. Also, I posted my question at the end. Moments ago I was RDC to a file server in my home (from inside my home). I had opened Firefox and Googled for a manufacturers website. Immediately after clicking the link, Firefox abruptly closed. This seemed odd to me to so I checked the running processes and discovered d.exe, e.exe, and f.exe running. I Googled these processes on a different machine and found them belonging to a key-logger/screen-capturer/trojan called defender.exe, which according to the Prevx lives in c:\documents and settings\user\local settings\temp. (Prevx link http://www.prevx.com/filenames/147352809685142526-X1/DEFENDER32.EXE.html) Simultaneously, an obviously-spoofed Windows Firewall popup appeared on the server asking me to click ‘yes’ to update Windows Firewall. At this time I ended all rogue processes, emptied the temp folder, removed defender.exe from startup, and checked my registry and a few other locations. Before deleting Defender.exe I noted that it was created moments ago, just before Firefox crashed. I believe that I was ‘almost’ infected with this malware. I believe that it needed me to click the phony popup in order to complete infection because it wasn’t allowed to execute processes from the temp folder. After cleaning the machine, I restarted it and have been monitoring it for over an hour. I am debating on whether or not to restore the Windows partition (a separate physical drive from the data) or to just watch it for awhle. I should mention that, because of the specs on this machine, I do not run antivirus software, but I know it well and inspect it regularly. It is a very old Compaq with a 400mhz processer and 512mb of ram. I have a static IP and the server is in the DMZ running an FTP client and some HTTP server software. All files transferred to and stored on this machine are scanned for malware before transferring. Usually the machine only runs 19 processes and performs pretty well for its intended purpose. I posted the story so that you could be aware of a possible new piece of malware and how it acts, but I also have a question or two. First, over the last few months I have noticed that PREVX is listed at the top of most of my Google searches when researching malware, especially for new or obscure malware…and they always want you to purchase something. I don’t think they are one of the top AV companies, so it seems odd that they are always the top Google result. Does anyone have any experience with any of their products? Also, what sites do you rely on for malware researching? Recently, I have found it difficult to find good info because of HijackThis-logs and other deadend info cluttering up my searches. And lastly, besides antivirus, third-party firewall, etc, what settings would you use to lock down a machine to make it more secure in instances where a stubborn admin like myself refuses to run AV? Thanks.

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• Securing debain with fail2ban or iptables

  - by Jimmy

  I'm looking to secure my server. Initially my first thought was to use iptables but then I also learnt about Fail2ban. I understand that Fail2ban is based on iptables, but it has the advantages of being able to ban IP's after a number of attempts. Let's say I want to block FTP completely: Should I write a separate IPtable rule to block FTP, and use Fail2ban just for SSH Or instead simply put all rules, even the FTP blocking rule within the Fail2Ban config Any help on this would be appreciated. James

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• Cannot access an application folder in Program files

  - by GiddyUpHorsey

  I recently installed Windows 7 Professional 64bit on a new machine. I installed an application using a ClickOnce installer. The application runs fine, but I cannot access the application folder it created in c:\Program files (x86). It bombs with access denied. I try to view the properties on the folder and it takes about 1 minute to display (other folders take 1 second). It says I cannot view any information because I'm not the owner. It doesn't say who the current owner is (instead - Unable to display current owner.) but says I can take ownership. When I try it fails again with Access Denied, even though I have administrative permissions. Why can't I access this folder nor take ownership?

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• How do I securely share my server?

  - by Blue

  I have a large dedicated server running Debian and I want to share it with about 6 friends of mine. I know I can simply just use adduser to create user accounts for them, but I want to know if they can, even as a regular user without root permissions, do anything malicious. I know by default they have read permissions for other users in the /home, and can solve that with chmod, but I just want to make sure that there's nothing else they can do. And also, is there any kind of script or program that makes it easier to create and manage shell users on a server?

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• Pass parameters to a script securely

  - by codeholic

  What is the best way to pass parameters to a forked script securely? E. g. passing parameters through command line operands is not secure, since someone who has an account on the host can run ps and see them. Unnamed pipe is quite secure, as far as I understand, isn't it? I mean, passing parameters to STDIN of the forked process. What about passing parameters in environment vars? Is it secure? What about passing parameters by other means I didn't mention?

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• Computer Invisible On Domain

  - by Giawa

  Good afternoon, I'm sorry that this isn't a programming question specifically, but stackoverflow has been great at answering questions in the past, so I thought I'd give it a shot. One of our Linux users attempted to install Cygwin on our Windows Server 2008 Domain Controller. Now it is no longer possible to browse the domain and see all of the computers. For example, \\my_domain_name will just bring up a username/password dialog box (that will not accept any username or password, even the domain administrator) and no computers will ever be listed. However, I can still connect to computers based on their name or IP address. So \\eridanus or \\192.168.1.85 still work to connect to the shared directories of computers on our network. Does anyone know where I can find these settings? and how I can fix this problem? Thanks, Giawa

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• PuTTY - Server Unexpectedly Closed Network Connection

  - by Austin

  I have two servers that I have been able to connect fine as s1.website.com and s2.website.com I connected to s1.website.com earlier today without any issues, however, when I connected to s2.website.com it gave me the "Server Unexpectedly Closed Network Connection" I have researched this elsewhere and someone concluded it to a "brute force attempt" However, I know this is not the case. If anyone else has had this issue please let me know. Thanks

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• Is WinRT really as secure as it's made out to be?

  - by IDWMaster

  Prior to releasing Windows 8, Microsoft claimed that all WinRT apps are cleanly removed from your computer after uninstalling them, and that WinRT apps should not interfere with other running applications, because they are ran in a "sandboxed" environment. Microsoft has also claimed numerous times on Channel9 that Windows 8 apps are not ran in a VM. So my question is; are these claims accurate? If the application is not running inside of a VM, how is it possible to protect the system against malicious code at runtime, assuming the attacker was able to bypass the screening process of the Windows Store system? Microsoft allows "native code" in WinRT apps, so wouldn't it be possible (using hand-coded assembly or some odd pointer manipulation trick to call functions outside of the sandboxed environment and interfere with the rest of the system, if it's really "native code" and not some VM?

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• This operation has been cancelled due to restrictions in effect on this computer

  - by Dan

  I have this HUGELY irritating problem on Windows 7 (x64). Whenever I click on ANY link (that exists on a Word document, Excel or Outlook), I get an alert box with the message: This operation has been canceled due to restrictions in effect on this computer I have been scouring my settings and the Internet for a solution, but to no avail. What is the reason for this problem? It even happens when I click anchors in word document. That is, I can't even click on an entry in a Table of Contents to go to the appropriate page - I get this same error then. Is this a Windows 7 thing? Is there any way to turn this off?

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• Several border firewalls in the same network

  - by nimai

  I'm currently analyzing the consequences of multipath connections for the firewalls. In that context, I'm wondering if it's really uncommon to have several firewalls at the borders of a network to protect it. The typical case I'd imagine would be a multihomed network, for which the administrator would have different policies for links from different (or not) ISPs. Or maybe even in an ISP's network. What would be the practical (dis)advantages of such a configuration? Could you provide an example of an existing topology using several border firewalls?

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• File/folder Write/Delete wise, is my server secure?

  - by acidzombie24

  I wanted to know if someone got access to my server by using a nonroot account, how much damage can he do? After i su someuser I used this command to find all files and folders that are writeable. find / -writable >> list.txt Here is the result. Its most /dev/something and /proc/something and these /var/lock /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock /var/tmp /var/lib/php5 Is my system secure? /var/tmp makes sense but i am unsure why this user has write access to those folders. Should i change them? stat /var/lib/php5 gives me 1733 which is odd. Why write access? why no read? is this some kind of weird use of a temp file?

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• How to know if a file has 'access' monitor in linux

  - by J L

  I'm a noob and have some questions about viewing who accessed a file. I found there are ways to see if a file was accessed (not modified/changed) through audit subsystem and inotify. However, from what I have read online, according to here: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-audit-files-to-see-who-made-changes-to-a-file.html it says to 'watch/monitor' file, I have to set a watch by using command like: # auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p war -k password-file So if I create a new file or directory, do I have to use audit/inotify command to 'set' watch first to 'watch' who accessed the new file? Also is there a way to know if a directory is being 'watched' through audit subsystem or inotify? How/where can I check the log of a file?

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