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  • Impossible to use ref and out in Extension methods?

    - by Hun1Ahpu
    Why is it forbidden to call Extension method with ref modifier? This one is possible: public static void Change(ref TestClass testClass, TestClass testClass2) { testClass = testClass2; } And this one not: public static void ChangeWithExtensionMethod(this ref TestClass testClass, TestClass testClass2) { testClass = testClass2; } But why?

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  • extension methods with generics - when does caller need to include type parameters?

    - by Greg
    Hi, Is there a rule for knowing when one has to pass the generic type parameters in the client code when calling an extension method? So for example in the Program class why can I (a) not pass type parameters for top.AddNode(node), but where as later for the (b) top.AddRelationship line I have to pass them? class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // Create Graph var top = new TopologyImp<string>(); // Add Node var node = new StringNode(); node.Name = "asdf"; var node2 = new StringNode(); node2.Name = "test child"; top.AddNode(node); top.AddNode(node2); top.AddRelationship<string, RelationshipsImp>(node,node2); // *** HERE *** } } public static class TopologyExtns { public static void AddNode<T>(this ITopology<T> topIf, INode<T> node) { topIf.Nodes.Add(node.Key, node); } public static INode<T> FindNode<T>(this ITopology<T> topIf, T searchKey) { return topIf.Nodes[searchKey]; } public static void AddRelationship<T,R>(this ITopology<T> topIf, INode<T> parentNode, INode<T> childNode) where R : IRelationship<T>, new() { var rel = new R(); rel.Child = childNode; rel.Parent = parentNode; } } public class TopologyImp<T> : ITopology<T> { public Dictionary<T, INode<T>> Nodes { get; set; } public TopologyImp() { Nodes = new Dictionary<T, INode<T>>(); } }

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  • Are programming languages and methods inefficient? (assembler and C knowledge needed)

    - by b-gen-jack-o-neill
    Hi, for a long time, I am thinking and studying output of C language compiler in assembler form, as well as CPU architecture. I know this may be silly to you, but it seems to me that something is very ineffective. Please, don´t be angry if I am wrong, and there is some reason I do not see for all these principles. I will be very glad if you tell me why is it designed this way. I actually truly believe I am wrong, I know the genius minds of people which get PCs together knew a reason to do so. What exactly, do you ask? I´ll tell you right away, I use C as a example: 1: Stack local scope memory allocation: So, typical local memory allocation uses stack. Just copy esp to ebp and than allocate all the memory via ebp. OK, I would understand this if you explicitly need allocate RAM by default stack values, but if I do understand it correctly, modern OS use paging as a translation layer between application and physical RAM, when address you desire is further translated before reaching actual RAM byte. So why don´t just say 0x00000000 is int a,0x00000004 is int b and so? And access them just by mov 0x00000000,#10? Because you wont actually access memory blocks 0x00000000 and 0x00000004 but those your OS set the paging tables to. Actually, since memory allocation by ebp and esp use indirect addressing, "my" way would be even faster. 2: Variable allocation duplicity: When you run application, Loader load its code into RAM. When you create variable, or string, compiler generates code that pushes these values on the top o stack when created in main. So there is actual instruction for do so, and that actual number in memory. So, there are 2 entries of the same value in RAM. One in form of instruction, second in form of actual bytes in the RAM. But why? Why not to just when declaring variable count at which memory block it would be, than when used, just insert this memory location?

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  • What are Class methods in Python for?

    - by Dave Webb
    I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that Python is not Java, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions. I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with static methods in Java, but now I'm not sure when I would use them. All the advice I can find about Python Class methods is along the lines of newbies like me should steer clear of them, and the standard documentation is at its most opaque when discussing them. Does anyone have a good example of using a Class method in Python or at least can someone tell me when Class methods can be sensibly used?

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  • Should I be using abstract methods in this Python scenario?

    - by sfjedi
    I'm not sure my approach is good design and I'm hoping I can get a tip. I'm thinking somewhere along the lines of an abstract method, but in this case I want the method to be optional. This is how I'm doing it now... from pymel.core import * class A(object): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): if callable(self.createDrivers): self._drivers = self.createDrivers(*args, **kwargs) select(self._drivers) class B(A): def createDrivers(self, *args, **kwargs): c1 = circle(sweep=270)[0] c2 = circle(sweep=180)[0] return c1, c2 b = B() In the above example, I'm just creating 2 circle arcs in PyMEL for Maya, but I fully intend on creating more subclasses that may or may not have a createDrivers method at all! So I want it to be optional and I'm wondering if my approach is—well, if my approach could be improved?

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  • In scala can I pass repeated parameters to other methods?

    - by Fred Haslam
    Here is something I can do in java, take the results of a repeated parameter and pass it to another method: public void foo(String ... args){bar(args);} public void bar(String ... args){System.out.println("count="+args.length);} In scala it would look like this: def foo(args:String*) = bar(args) def bar(args:String*) = println("count="+args.length) But this won't compile, the bar signature expects a series of individual strings, and the args passed in is some non-string structure. For now I'm just passing around arrays. It would be very nice to use starred parameters. Is there some way to do it?

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  • Are programming languages and methods ineffective? (assembler and C knowledge needed)

    - by b-gen-jack-o-neill
    Hi, for a long time, I am thinking and studying output of C language compiler in asemlber form, as well as CPU architecture. I know this may be silly to you, but it seems to me that something is very ineffective. Please, don´t be angry if I am wrong, and there is some reason I do not see for all these principles. I will be very glad if you tell me why is it designed this way. I actually trully believe I am wrong, I know the genius minds of people which get PCs together knew a reason to do so. What exactly, do you ask? I´ll tell you right away, I use C as a example: 1, Stack local scope memory allocation: So, typical local memory allocation uses stack. Just copy esp to ebp and than allocate all the memory via ebp. OK, I would understand this if you explicitly need allocate RAM by default stack values, but if I do understand it correctly, modern OS use paging as a translation layer between application and physical RAM, when adress you desire is further translated before reaching actuall RAM byte. So why don´t just say 0x00000000 is int a,0x00000004 is int b and so? And access them just by mov 0x00000000,#10? Becouse you wont actually access memory blocks 0x00000000 and 0x00000004 but those your OS set the paging tables to. Actually, since memory allocation by ebp and esp use indirect adressing, "my" way would be even faster. 2, Variable allocation duplicitly: When you run aaplication, Loader load its code into RAM. When you create variable, or string, compiler generates code that pushes these values on the top o stack when created in main. So there is actuall instruction for do so, and that actuall number in memory. So, there are 2 entries of the same value in RAM. One in fomr of instruction, second in form of actuall bytes in the RAM. But why? Why not to just when declaring variable count at which memory block it would be, than when used, just insert this memory location?

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  • When should methods be made private?

    - by AaronSzy
    There are lots of times where i'm not sure whether a particular method should be made private or not. For example, i'm building a class right now, which, is responsible for generating a report. This class has a buildReport method and several methods which collect the necessary data for buildReport. // single public method // uses a set of helper methods public buildReport() // helper methods private avgSurveyTime() private fetchVendors() private fetchSendCounts() private ... Im debating whether i should make these helper methods public. The only method i really plan on calling outside at the moment is buildReport. However, it might be useful to get just a list of the vendors with fetchVendors etc. I see two schools of thought on this: You can always expose as little as possible. (In which case, many of my classes would only have one public method) OR you can expose all you can that might be useful to the user of the class. Is there a good rule of thumb to use for deciding when methods should be made public/private?

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  • Online betting system design [closed]

    - by Rafal
    I am a Computer Science student, preparing for my exam in software engineering. I am strugging with answering one of the sample questions to the scenario below. My understanding is that the system design approach should probably be a mixture of agile and plan driven elements but - since I've no practical experience - it's hard for me to decide on the balance and tolls that should be used. I will appreciate any hints from experienced business analysts who were involved in similar kind of projects. Ray Sing is the owner of “Last Betz", a bookmakers with 7 outlets across Louth and Meath. With the advent of smartphones Ray would now like to allow his clients to place their bets online using their mobile devices. Clients would register for an account and password and would log their credit card details via the Last Betz website. To begin using the facility customers must 'load' their accounts with 100 euros. Any winnings, minus commission, will be placed in the account whilst any losses will be automatically deducted from the account. Assuming you have been selected to develop the above system: How would you approach the design of this system? Discuss the design methods and models you would use.

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  • Why LINQ to Entities won't let me initialize just some properties of an Entity?

    - by emzero
    So I've started to add Entity Framework 4 into a legacy web application (ASP.NET WebForms). As a start I have auto-generated some entities from the database. Also I want to apply Repository Pattern. There is an entity called Visitor and its repository VisitorRepository In VisitorRepository I have the following method: public IEnumerable<Visitor> GetActiveVisitors() { var visitors = from v in _context.Visitors where v.IsActive select new Visitor { VisitorID = v.VisitorID, EmailAddress = v.EmailAddress, RegisterDate = v.RegisterDate, Company = v.Company, Position = v.Position, FirstName = v.FirstName, LastName = v.LastName }; return visitors.ToList(); } That List is then bound to a repeater and when trying to do <%# Eval('EmailAddress') #%> it throws the following exception. The entity or complex type 'Model.Visitor' cannot be constructed in a LINQ to Entities query. A) Why is this happening? How I can workaround this? Do I need to select an anonymous type and then use that to initialize my entities??? B) Why every example I've seen makes use of 'select new' (anonymous object) instead of initializing a known type? Anonymous types are useless unless you are retrieving the data and showing it in the same layer. As far as I know anonymous types cannot be returned from methods? So what's the real point of them??? Thank you all

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  • javadoc and overloaded methods

    - by skrebbel
    Hi all, I'm developing an API with many identically named methods that just differ by signature, which I guess is fairly common. They all do the same thing, except that they initialize various values by defaults if the user does not want to specify. As a digestible example, consider public interface Forest { public Tree addTree(); public Tree addTree(int amountOfLeaves); public Tree addTree(int amountOfLeaves, Fruit fruitType); public Tree addTree(int amountOfLeaves, int height); public Tree addTree(int amountOfLeaves, Fruit fruitType, int height); } The essential action performed by all of these methods is the same; a tree is planted in the forest. Many important things users of my API need to know about adding trees hold for all these methods. Ideally, I would like to write one Javadoc block that is used by all methods: /** * Plants a new tree in the forest. Please note that it may take * up to 30 years for the tree to be fully grown. * * @param amountOfLeaves desired amount of leaves. Actual amount of * leaves at maturity may differ by up to 10%. * @param fruitType the desired type of fruit to be grown. No warranties * are given with respect to flavour. * @param height desired hight in centimeters. Actual hight may differ by * up to 15%. */ In my imagination, a tool could magically choose which of the @params apply to each of the methods, and thus generate good docs for all methods at once. With Javadoc, if I understand it correctly, all I can do is essentially copy&paste the same javadoc block five times, with only a slightly differing parameter list for each method. This sounds cumbersome to me, and is also difficult to maintain. Is there any way around that? Some extension to javadoc that has this kind of support? Or is there a good reason why this is not supported that I missed?

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  • Unit test complex classes with many private methods

    - by Simon G
    Hi, I've got a class with one public method and many private methods which are run depending on what parameter are passed to the public method so my code looks something like: public class SomeComplexClass { IRepository _repository; public SomeComplexClass() this(new Repository()) { } public SomeComplexClass(IRepository repository) { _repository = repository; } public List<int> SomeComplexCalcualation(int option) { var list = new List<int>(); if (option == 1) list = CalculateOptionOne(); else if (option == 2) list = CalculateOptionTwo(); else if (option == 3) list = CalculateOptionThree(); else if (option == 4) list = CalculateOptionFour(); else if (option == 5) list = CalculateOptionFive(); return list; } private List<int> CalculateOptionOne() { // Some calculation } private List<int> CalculateOptionTwo() { // Some calculation } private List<int> CalculateOptionThree() { // Some calculation } private List<int> CalculateOptionFour() { // Some calculation } private List<int> CalculateOptionFive() { // Some calculation } } I've thought of a few ways to test this class but all of them seem overly complex or expose the methods more than I would like. The options so far are: Set all the private methods to internal and use [assembly: InternalsVisibleTo()] Separate out all the private methods into a separate class and create an interface. Make all the methods virtual and in my tests create a new class that inherits from this class and override the methods. Are there any other options for testing the above class that would be better that what I've listed? If you would pick one of the ones I've listed can you explain why? Thanks

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  • UIWebView: webViewDidStartLoad/webViewDidFinishLoad delegate methods not called when loading certain URLs

    - by Dia
    I have basic web browser implemented using a UIWebView. I've noticed that for some pages, none of the UIWebViewDelegate methods are called. An example page in which this happens is: http://www.youtube.com/user/google. Here are the steps to reproduce the issue (make sure you insert NSLog calls in your controller's UIWebViewDelegate methods): Load the above youtube URL into the UIWebView [notice that here, the UIWebViewDelegate methods do get called when the page loads] Touch the "Uploads" category on the page Touch any video in that category [issue: notice that a new page is loaded, but none of the UIWebView delegates are called] I know that this is not an issue of UIWebView's delegate not being set properly, since the delegate methods do get invoked when loading other links (e.g. if you try clicking on a link that takes you outside of youtube, you'll notice the delegate methods getting called). My gut feeling initially was that it might be because the page is loaded using AJAX, which may not invoke the delegate method. But then when I checked Safari, it did not exhibit this problem, so it must be something on my side. I've also noticed that Three20's TTWebController has the exact same issue as I'm having. But the problem that arises from this issue is that without the delegate methods called, I'm unable to update the UI to enable/disable the back and forward browsing buttons when new requests are loaded. And idea why this is happening or how can I work around it to update the UI when a new request is made?

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  • What to call factory-like (java) methods used with immutable objects

    - by StaxMan
    When creating classes for "immutable objects" immutable meaning that state of instances can not be changed; all fields assigned in constructor) in Java (and similar languages), it is sometimes useful to still allow creation of modified instances. That is, using an instance as base, and creating a new instance that differs by just one property value; other values coming from the base instance. To give a simple example, one could have class like: public class Circle { final double x, y; // location final double radius; public Circle(double x, double y, double r) { this.x = x; this.y = y; this.r = r; } // method for creating a new instance, moved in x-axis by specified amount public Circle withOffset(double deltaX) { return new Circle(x+deltaX, y, radius); } } So: what should method "withOffset" be called? (note: NOT what its name ought to be -- but what is this class of methods called). Technically it is kind of a factory method, but somehow that does not seem quite right to me, since often factories are just given basic properties (and are either static methods, or are not members of the result type but factory type). So I am guessing there should be a better term for such methods. Since these methods can be used to implement "fluent interface", maybe they could be "fluent factory methods"? Better suggestions? EDIT: as suggested by one of answers, java.math.BigDecimal is a good example with its 'add', 'subtract' (etc) methods. Also: I noticed that there's this question (by Jon Skeet no less) that is sort of related (although it asks about specific name for method)

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  • WCF - Windows authentication - Security settings require Anonymous...

    - by Rashack
    Hi, I am struggling hard with getting WCF service running on IIS on our server. After deployment I end up with an error message: Security settings for this service require 'Anonymous' Authentication but it is not enabled for the IIS application that hosts this service. I want to use Windows authentication and thus I have Anonymous access disabled. Also note that there is aspNetCompatibilityEnabled (if that makes any difference). Here's my web.config: <system.serviceModel> <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true" /> <bindings> <webHttpBinding> <binding name="default"> <security mode="TransportCredentialOnly"> <transport clientCredentialType="Windows" proxyCredentialType="Windows"/> </security> </binding> </webHttpBinding> </bindings> <behaviors> <endpointBehaviors> <behavior name="AspNetAjaxBehavior"> <enableWebScript /> <webHttp /> </behavior> </endpointBehaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="defaultServiceBehavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpsGetEnabled="false" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" /> <serviceAuthorization principalPermissionMode="UseWindowsGroups" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <services> <service name="xxx.Web.Services.RequestService" behaviorConfiguration="defaultServiceBehavior"> <endpoint behaviorConfiguration="AspNetAjaxBehavior" binding="webHttpBinding" contract="xxx.Web.Services.IRequestService" bindingConfiguration="default"> </endpoint> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" name="mex" contract="IMetadataExchange"></endpoint> </service> </services> </system.serviceModel> I have searched all over the internet with no luck. Any clues are greatly appreciated.

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  • ASP.NET Writing to the Bin directory, access denied when anonymous user

    - by LeeW
    Hi all I have a program that creates a small file in the Bin directory for the purpose of tracking a license (that's the intention), all works fine when debugging but I've just realized that when I run it on a IIS server under the anonymous user account (IUSR) the file isn't created as IUSR only has read permission (I know this is correct but drat!). Can I write to another location under IUSR account or can I run my code under 'Local Service' account? Thanks

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  • Attack from anonymous proxy

    - by mmgn
    We got attacked by some very-bored teenagers registering in our forums and posting very explicit material using anonymous proxy websites, like http://proxify.com/ Is there a way to check the registration IP against a black list database? Has anyone experienced this and had success?

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