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• data path (travel) of tcp data from "write" syscall downto I/O registers programming

  - by osgx

  Hello Is there a good overview of tcp data path in Linux (2.6, not 2.4 if the path actually differ)? Where is a packet on different stages of tcp/ip stack handling? How packet is packed to tcp segment, then ip packet. How it is transmitted to network card? (with series of I/O regs write and DMA?) Is it transmitted to network card in the "write" syscall handler (with some deep callstack) or is it transmitted at some other moment?

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• 16 millisecond quantization when sending/receivingtcp packets

  - by MKZ

  Hi, I have a C++ application running on windows xp 32 system sending and receiving short tcp/ip packets. Measuring (accurately) the arrival time I see a quantization of the arrival time to 16 millisecond time units. (Meaning all packets arriving are at (16 )xN milliseconds separated from each other) To avoid packet aggregation I tried to disable the NAGLE algorithm by setting the IPPROTO_TCP option to TCP_NODELAY in the socket variables but it did not help I suspect that the problem is related to the windows schedular which also have a 16 millisecond clock.. Any idea of a solution to this problem ? Thanks

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• Is this a bad version of the Merge Sort algorithm?

  - by SebKom

  merge1(int low, int high, int S[], U[]) { int k = (high - low + 1)/2 for q (from low to high) U[q] = S[q] int j = low int p = low int i = low + k while (j <= low + k - 1) and (i <= high) do { if ( U[j] <= U[i] ) { S[p] := U[j] j := j+1 } else { S[p] := U[i] i := i+1 } p := p+1 } if (j <= low + k - 1) { for q from p to high do { S[q] := U[j] j := j+1 } } } merge_sort1(int low, int high, int S[], U[]) { if low < high { int k := (high - low + 1)/2 merge_sort1(low, low+k-1, S, U) merge_sort1(low+k, high, S, U) merge1(low, high, S, U) } } I am really sorry for the terrible formating, as you can tell I am not a regular visitor here. So, basically, this is on my lecture notes. I find it quite confusing in general but I understand the biggest part of it. What I don't understand is the need of the "if (j <= low + k - 1)" part. It looks like it checks if there are any elements "left" in the left part. Is that even possible when mergesorting?

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• How do I fix “Ubuntu is running in low-graphics mode?” for NVIDIA GeForce GT555M

  - by David Chen

  As title, I'm using Ubuntu 10.04, and my ubuntu kept showing the sign “Ubuntu is running in low-graphics mode”. I've read another question with same topic (http://askubuntu.com/questions/10664/how-do-i-fix-ubuntu-is-running-in-low-graphics-mode ), but the other one is using ATI Radeon X1200. How can I fix the problem? I'm running Ubuntu on a 200GB partition, and the rest of my computer is Windows7. My graphic card is NVIDIA GeForce GT 555M, and my computer is ACER ASPIRE 5951G.

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• What actions does Ubuntu trigger when battery is low?

  - by blueyed

  When the battery is low, the screen gets dimmed after a few seconds already. This appears to be some special power-saving mode, and might be related to the time in org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power.time-low (1200 seconds (20 minutes) the default). While this seems to get triggered by gnome-settings-daemon, I wonder what else Ubuntu does when this happens (e.g. via DBus listeners), or other event listeners that look for a "low battery" state. It seems like something in this regard causes Ubuntu / X / the system to behave more sluggish afterwards (when the laptop is on AC again), and I would like to look into what might be causing this. I could not find anything related via dconf-editor, e.g. in org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power. It appears to get setup via idle_configure in plugins/power/gsd-power-manager.c, but it's probably something more related to something that listens on the DBus interface, which gets notified via e.g.: if (!g_dbus_connection_emit_signal (manager->priv->connection, NULL, GSD_POWER_DBUS_PATH, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "PropertiesChanged", props_changed, &error)) I could imagine that some "power saving" property gets set, but not unset when AC is available anymore and/or the battery is not low anymore. I have looked at the CPU governor setting (/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor), but it was ondemand. I am using gnome-settings-daemon with awesomeWM on Ubuntu 14.04. gnome-settings-daemon=3.8.6.1-0ubuntu11.1 I've also compared gsd's plugins/power/gsd-power-manager.c with the one from Debian's gnome-settings-daemon-3.12.1, but could not find anything obvious that might have been fixed/changed in this regard. I have managed to trigger the gnome-power-manager's gnome-settings plugin (which dims the screen etc), by patching upower and use it after killing the system's upower daemon. (note that it's probably only energy that is being used by gpm to calculate it by itself). It does not make the system become sluggish.. OTOH I have not heard the speaker's beeping, which might come from the BIOS, which might be involved here, too - or other programs using the kernel's interface on /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/. --- src/linux/up-device-supply.c.orig 2014-06-07 16:48:32.735920661 +0200 +++ src/linux/up-device-supply.c 2014-06-07 16:48:39.391920525 +0200 @@ -821,6 +821,9 @@ supply->priv->energy_old_first = 0; } + percentage = 3.1f; + time_to_empty = 3*60; + energy = 5; g_object_set (device, "energy", energy, "energy-full", energy_full,

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• UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext gives poor quality / low resolution image, how do I get be

  - by user157733

  Ok so I am taking a screen shot of a photo I took with my camera on the iPhone. I put the camera photo into UIImageView and grab a screenshot of it using this sort of code (this is from http://www.skylarcantu.com/blog/2009/10/16/saving-a-view-as-an-image/)... - (void)takeScreenshot { UIWindow *theScreen = [[UIApplication sharedApplication].windows objectAtIndex:0]; UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(theScreen.frame.size); [[theScreen layer] renderInContext:UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()]; UIImage *screenshot = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext(); UIGraphicsEndImageContext(); [self doSomethingWith:screenshot]; } I have it working as I want but the image quality of the screenshot is much worse than the image I take with my camera. Is there a way to overcome this? I guess it is because this takes a screenshot which captures the resolution of the iPhone screen rather than the resolution of the camera - maybe?! Any suggestions would be great :-)

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• Flash IO error while uploading photo with low uploading internet speed

  - by Beck

  Actionscript: System.security.allowDomain("http://" + _root.tdomain + "/"); import flash.net.FileReferenceList; import flash.net.FileReference; import flash.external.ExternalInterface; import flash.external.*; /* Main variables */ var session_photos = _root.ph; var how_much_you_can_upload = 0; var selected_photos; // container for selected photos var inside_photo_num = 0; // for photo in_array selection var created_elements = _root.ph; var for_js_num = _root.ph; /* Functions & settings for javascript<->flash conversation */ var methodName:String = "addtoflash"; var instance:Object = null; var method:Function = addnewphotonumber; var wasSuccessful:Boolean = ExternalInterface.addCallback(methodName, instance, method); function addnewphotonumber() { session_photos--; created_elements--; for_js_num--; } /* Javascript hide and show flash button functions */ function block(){getURL("Javascript: blocking();");} function unblock(){getURL("Javascript:unblocking();");} /* Creating HTML platform function */ var result = false; /* Uploading */ function uploadthis(photos:Array) { if(!photos[inside_photo_num].upload("http://" + _root.tdomain + "/upload.php?PHPSESSID=" + _root.phpsessionid)) { getURL("Javascript:error_uploading();"); } } /* Flash button(applet) options and bindings */ var fileTypes:Array = new Array(); var imageTypes:Object = new Object(); imageTypes.description = "Images (*.jpg)"; imageTypes.extension = "*.jpg;"; fileTypes.push(imageTypes); var fileListener:Object = new Object(); var btnListener:Object = new Object(); btnListener.click = function(eventObj:Object) { var fileRef:FileReferenceList = new FileReferenceList(); fileRef.addListener(fileListener); fileRef.browse(fileTypes); } uploadButton.addEventListener("click", btnListener); /* Listeners */ fileListener.onSelect = function(fileRefList:FileReferenceList):Void { // reseting values inside_photo_num = 0; var list:Array = fileRefList.fileList; var item:FileReference; // PHP photo counter how_much_you_can_upload = 3 - session_photos; if(list.length > how_much_you_can_upload) { getURL("Javascript:howmuch=" + how_much_you_can_upload + ";list_length=" + list.length + ";limit_reached();"); return; } // if session variable isn't yet refreshed, we check inner counter if(created_elements >= 3) { getURL("Javascript:limit_reached();"); return; } selected_photos = list; for(var i:Number = 0; i < list.length; i++) { how_much_you_can_upload--; item = list[i]; trace("name: " + item.name); trace(item.addListener(this)); if((item.size / 1024) > 5000) {getURL("Javascript:size_limit_reached();");return;} } result = false; setTimeout(block,500); /* Increment number for new HTML container and pass it to javascript, after javascript returns true and we start uploading */ for_js_num++; if(ExternalInterface.call("create_platform",for_js_num)) { uploadthis(selected_photos); } } fileListener.onProgress = function(file:FileReference, bytesLoaded:Number, bytesTotal:Number):Void { getURL("Javascript:files_process(" + bytesLoaded + "," + bytesTotal + "," + for_js_num + ");"); } fileListener.onComplete = function(file:FileReference, bytesLoaded:Number, bytesTotal:Number):Void { inside_photo_num++; var sendvar_lv:LoadVars = new LoadVars(); var loadvar_lv:LoadVars = new LoadVars(); loadvar_lv.onLoad = function(success:Boolean){ if(loadvar_lv.failed == 1) { getURL("Javascript:type_failed();"); return; } getURL("Javascript:filelinks='" + loadvar_lv.json + "';fullname='" + loadvar_lv.fullname + "';completed(" + for_js_num + ");"); created_elements++; if((inside_photo_num + 1) > selected_photos.length) {setTimeout(unblock,1000);return;} // don't create empty containers anymore if(created_elements >= 3) {return;} result = false; /* Increment number for new HTML container and pass it to javascript, after javascript returns true and we start uploading */ for_js_num++; if(ExternalInterface.call("create_platform",for_js_num)) { uploadthis(selected_photos); } } sendvar_lv.getnum = true; sendvar_lv.PHPSESSID = _root.phpsessionid; sendvar_lv.sendAndLoad("http://" + _root.tdomain + "/upload.php",loadvar_lv,"POST"); } fileListener.onCancel = function(file:FileReference):Void { } fileListener.onOpen = function(file:FileReference):Void { } fileListener.onHTTPError = function(file:FileReference, httpError:Number):Void { getURL("Javascript:http_error(" + httpError + ");"); } fileListener.onSecurityError = function(file:FileReference, errorString:String):Void { getURL("Javascript:security_error(" + errorString + ");"); } fileListener.onIOError = function(file:FileReference):Void { getURL("Javascript:io_error();"); selected_photos[inside_photo_num].cancel(); uploadthis(selected_photos); } <PARAM name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"> <PARAM name="swliveconnect" value="true"> <PARAM name="movie" value="http://www.localh.com/fileref.swf?ph=0&phpsessionid=8mirsjsd75v6vk583vkus50qbb2djsp6&tdomain=www.localh.com"> <PARAM name="wmode" value="opaque"> <PARAM name="quality" value="high"> <PARAM name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"> <EMBED swliveconnect="true" wmode="opaque" src="http://www.localh.com/fileref.swf?ph=0&phpsessionid=8mirsjsd75v6vk583vkus50qbb2djsp6&tdomain=www.localh.com" quality="high" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="100" height="22" name="fileref" align="middle" allowScriptAccess="always" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"></EMBED> My uploading speed is 40kb/sec Getting flash error while uploading photos bigger than 500kb and getting no error while uploading photos less than 100-500kb~. My friend has 8mbit uploading speed and has no errors even while uploading 3.2mb photos and more. How to fix this problem? I have tried to re-upload on IO error trigger, but it stops at the same place. Any solution regarding this error? By the way, i was watching process via debugging proxy and figured out, that responce headers doesn't come at all on this IO error. And sometimes shows socket error. If need, i will post serverside php script as well. But it stops at if(isset($_FILES['Filedata'])) { so it won't help :) as all processing comes after this check.

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• Learning about the low level

  - by Anoners

  I'm interested in learning more about the PC from a lower (machine) level. I graduated from a school which taught us concepts using the Java language which abstracted out that level almost completely. As a result I only learned a bit from the one required assembly language course. In order to cram in ASM and quite a few details about architecture, it was hard to get a very deep picture of what is going on there. At work I focus on unix socket programming in C, so i'm much closer to the hardware now, but I feel I should learn a bit more about what streams really are, how memory management and paging works, what goes on when you call "paint()" on a graphics buffer, etc. I missed out on a lot of this and i'm looking for a good resource to get me started. I've heard a lot about the "Pink Book" by Peter Norton (Programmer's Guide to the IBM PC, Programmer's Guide to inside the PC, etc). It seems like this is on the right track, however the original is quite out dated and the newer ones have had conflicting reviews, with many people saying to stay away from it. I'm not sure what the SO crowd thinks about this book or if they have some suggestions for similar books, online resources, etc that may be good primers for this sort of thing. Any suggestions would be appreciated.

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• CSS - Opaque text on low opacity div?

  - by Dan

  Hi, I have a div with 60% opacity, to show part of a background image behind the div. Because the opacity is at 60%, the text in that div appears as grey. Is there anyway to override this level and make the text appear black? Any advice appreciated. Thanks.

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• Optimizing PHP require_once's for low disk i/o?

  - by buggedcom

  Q1) I'm designing a CMS (-who isn't!) but priority is being given to caching. Literally everything is cached. DB rows, DB id queries, Configuration data, processed data, compiled templates. Currently it has two layers of caching. The first is a opcode cache or memory cache such as apc, eaccelerator, xcache or memcached. If an entry is not found in there it is then searched for in the secondary slow cache, ie php includes. Are the opcode caches actually faster than doing a require_once to a php file with a var_export'd array of data in it? My tests are inconclusive as my development box (5.3 of XAMPP) keeps throwing errors installing any of the aforementioned programs. Q2) The CMS has numerous helper classes that are autoloaded on demand instead of loading all files. Mostly each has a require before it so no autoloading needs to take place, however this is not the question. Because a page script can have up to 50/60 helper files included I have a feeling that if the site was under pressure it would buckle because of all the i/o that this incurs. Ignore for the moment that there is output cache in place that would remove the need for what I am about to suggest, and also that opcode caches would render this moot. What I have tried to do is join all the helper files required for the scripts execution in one single file. This is achievable and works well, however it has a side effect of greatly increasing the memory usage dramatically even though technically the same code is being used. What are your thoughts and opinions on this?

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• Low level Android Debugging

  - by L4N0

  Is there a way to trace through function calls at the lowest levels of the Android system? Right now when I debug in Eclipse, it goes through the source files that are located inside the frameworks folder, but is it possible to go even lower? For example show what functions are being called from the libcore folder. I am also interested to find how it communicates with the linux kernel at the bottom of the layers. Is there a way to do this? Thanks

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• Finding a simple object in a low-quality image

  - by Ramon Snir

  Hi, I want to do this thing in C# (or any other .NET language), not sure how: I have an image I captured from webcam and I want to find a specific simple object in it (let's say a red circle with a black square in it). The red circle can be a bit different from time to time (because of shadows) and the square might be also a bit brighter sometimes and even rotated a bit. Please help me!

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• Low-Hanging Fruit: Obfuscating non-critical values in JavaScript

  - by Piskvor

  I'm making an in-browser game of the type "guess what place/monument/etc. is in this satellite/aerial view", using Google Maps JS API v3. However, I need to protect against cheaters - you have to pass a google.maps.LatLng and a zoom level to the map constructor, which means a cheating user only needs to view source to get to this data. I am already unsetting every value I possibly can without breaking the map (such as center and the manipulation functions like setZoom()), and initializing the map in an anonymous function (so the object is not visible in global namespace). Now, this is of course in-browser, client-side, untrusted JavaScript; I've read much of the obfuscation tag and I'm not trying to make the script bullet-proof (it's just a game, after all). I only need to make the obfuscation reasonably hard against the 1337 Java5kryp7 haxz0rz - "kid sister encryption", as Bruce Schneier puts it. Anything harder than base64 encoding would deter most cheaters by eliminating the lowest-hanging fruit - if the cheater is smart and determined enough to use a JS debugger, he can bypass anything I can do (as I need to pass the value to Google Maps API in plaintext), but that's unlikely to happen on a mass scale (there will also be other, not-code-related ways to prevent cheating). I've tried various minimizers and obfuscators, but those will mostly deal with code - the values are still shown verbatim. TL;DR: I need to obfuscate three values in JavaScript. I'm not looking for bullet-proof armor, just a sneeze-guard. What should I use?

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• Badge for low score?

  - by anon

  I have a question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2465308/code-golf-write-an-stackoverflow-clone-closed that is at -12. Can I get a badge of some sort for this?

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• Way to store a large dictionary with low memory footprint + fast lookups (on Android)

  - by BobbyJim

  I'm developing an android word game app that needs a large (~250,000 word dictionary) available. I need: reasonably fast look ups e.g. constant time preferable, need to do maybe 200 lookups a second on occasion to solve a word puzzle and maybe 20 lookups within 0.2 second more often to check words the user just spelled. EDIT: Lookups are typically asking "Is in the dictionary?". I'd like to support up to two wildcards in the word as well, but this is easy enough by just generating all possible letters the wildcards could have been and checking the generated words (i.e. 26 * 26 lookups for a word with two wildcards). as it's a mobile app, using as little memory as possible and requiring only a small initial download for the dictionary data is top priority. My first naive attempts used Java's HashMap class, which caused an out of memory exception. I've looked into using the SQL lite databases available on android, but this seems like overkill. What's a good way to do what I need?

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• android low memory issue

  - by Faisal khan

  1.Start Andorid app in my app there are 10 screens i navigate b/w the screens after that i press home button my app goes on the background now i play with other applications which cause system to run GC press home button select my app come back to my app when i press back button it throws exception and crashes. any idea for quick fix ?

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• Low overhead Java Web Services container?

  - by trojanfoe

  I want to provide a Java-based Web Service, but I don't require the features of a full-blown J2EE Application Server. I would like it to start as quickly as possible, though that's not a hard requirement. The Web Service will handle multiple connections and require access to an Oracle database so it will at least require a thread pool and database connection pool. I may want to put a JSP interface onto it later to provide an internal maintainence interface. I have looked at Jetty with an Apache CXF stack, but it looks like I'll have to do a fair amount configuration before even coding the web service - Will it be worth it? Will it even work? Should I forget about the complexity and simply go with JBoss/Weblogic/etc and put up with the bloat and extra start-up time?

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• Java/Swing: low-profile button height?

  - by Jason S

  I would like to reduce the vertical size of a JButton. The following code works fine for K 1 but I can't seem to reduce the size. Any suggestions? JButton button = /* ... get button here ... */ Dimension d = button.getPreferredSize(); d.setSize(d.getWidth(), d.getHeight()*K); button.setPreferredSize(d);

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• Keeping the number of objects and event-listeners on stage as low as possible

  - by DevEight

  Hello. I am creating a site with lots of big scrollable text-boxes in it. Each text-box object contained some text, and two buttons to scroll up/down with. The scroll buttons each had an event listener so the text moved when you clicked them. These text-boxes were stacked on-top of each other with all except one having an alpha of 0. If I wanted to change which text-box is active I move it to the front and call a small TweenLite animation. To the left (outside of the text-box objects) I have an object similar to a menu. It also has about 12 or so event-listeners (one for every button). This turns out cause A LOT of lag an it's very troublesome for my laptop to run it. What I need help with doing is to reduce the number of event-listeners on the stage and also the amount of text-boxes. What I was thinking was to add the text-boxes using AS so I only have 1 on the stage at a time but I couldn't figure out how to do it. I also thought it might be better to just use 1 big event-listeners and from mouseX and mouseY decide which button the user is trying to push. Are there any better alternatives to this? And if so, please elaborate on how to do it.

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• C# Creating thumbnail (low quality and big size problem)

  - by ile

  public void CreateThumbnail(Image img1, Photo photo, string targetDirectoryThumbs) { int newWidth = 700; int newHeight = 700; double ratio = 0; if (img1.Width > img1.Height) { ratio = img1.Width / (double)img1.Height; newHeight = (int)(newHeight / ratio); } else { ratio = img1.Height / (double)img1.Width; newWidth = (int)(newWidth / ratio); } Image bmp1 = img1.GetThumbnailImage(newWidth, newHeight, null, IntPtr.Zero); bmp1.Save(targetDirectoryThumbs + photo.PhotoID + ".jpg"); img1.Dispose(); bmp1.Dispose(); } I've put 700px so that you can have better insight of the problem. Here is original image and resized one. Any good recommendation? Thanks, Ile

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• Shall i learn Assembly Language or C, to Understand how "real programming" works?

  - by Daniel Upton

  Hello, World.. I'm a web developer mostly working in Ruby and C#.. I wanna learn a low level language so i dont look like an ass infront of my (computer science expert) boss. Ive heard a lot of purist buzz about how assembly language is the only way to learn how computers actually work, but on the other hand C would probably be more useful as a language rather than just for theory. So my question is.. Would Learning C teach me enough computer science theory / low level programming to not look like a common dandy (complete tool)? Thanks! Daniel

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• C# programmer - necessary to learn C or C++?

  - by Kurresmack

  Hey, I have been programming now for a couple of years. But never any low level language. I started off with some java and some VB. Then I went over to VB.NET and now for a while I have been writing C#. As you see, I have never written any low level language where I had to deal with memory management. Is this something I should do, like a route of passage that every programmer should go through? I am a bit keen on trying to perhaps writing in assembler directly. This would suit me personally good as I have 2 parents that have been writing assembler for ages. Is it necessary for a professional programmer these days to know how to manually manage memory?

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• C# programmer - necessary to learn C/C++?

  - by Kurresmack

  Hey, I have been programming now for a couple of years. But never any low level language. I started off with some java and some VB. Then I went over to VB.NET and now for a while I have been writing C#. As you see, I have never written any low level language where I had to deal with memory management. Is this something I should do, like a route of passage that every programmer should go through? I am a bit keen on trying to perhaps writing in assembler directly. This would suit me personally good as I have 2 parents that have been writing assembler for ages. Is it necessary for a professional programmer these days to know how to manually manage memory?

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• Microphone not capturing sound on 12.04 Lenovo G580

  - by Yam Marcovic

  In both Skype and the Sound Recorder application, I am not capturing any audio from my built-in microphone. I'm not sure why. Otherwise, sound output is working well. I have tried running gstreamer-properties and setting the Default Input plugin to PulseAUdio as well (to match the output), and it didn't help. I have tried running alsamixer -V all and I only get 2 input-related entries: Capture(L R) which is on 100 and not muted (can't be either), and Analog Mic Boost which is on 20db. Extra info: Camera (video) is working well on Skype and Kamerka. Can you please help me get my microphone to work? lspci: 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge DRAM Controller (rev 09) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: agpgart-intel 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 42 Region 0: Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4M] Region 2: Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] Region 4: I/O ports at 3000 [size=64] Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: i915 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) (prog-if 30 [XHCI]) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 41 Region 0: Memory at e0600000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 43 Region 0: Memory at e0614000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: mei Kernel modules: mei 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) (prog-if 20 [EHCI]) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16 Region 0: Memory at e0619000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 44 Region 0: Memory at e0610000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0 I/O behind bridge: 00002000-00002fff Memory behind bridge: e0500000-e05fffff Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR- BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B- PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn- Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev c4) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0 Memory behind bridge: e0400000-e04fffff Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR- BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B- PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn- Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) (prog-if 20 [EHCI]) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 23 Region 0: Memory at e0618000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel modules: iTCO_wdt 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 04) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0]) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 40 Region 0: I/O ports at 3088 [size=8] Region 1: I/O ports at 3094 [size=4] Region 2: I/O ports at 3080 [size=8] Region 3: I/O ports at 3090 [size=4] Region 4: I/O ports at 3060 [size=32] Region 5: Memory at e0617000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ahci 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3977 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Interrupt: pin C routed to IRQ 10 Region 0: Memory at e0615000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] Region 4: I/O ports at 3040 [size=32] Kernel modules: i2c-i801 01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8162 Fast Ethernet (rev 08) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3979 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 11 Region 0: Memory at e0500000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256K] Region 2: I/O ports at 2000 [size=128] Capabilities: <access denied> 02:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 31a1 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 17 Region 0: Memory at e0400000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ath9k Kernel modules: ath9k aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: CONEXANT Analog [CONEXANT Analog] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

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• Initializing SD card in SPI issues

  - by Sembazuru

  Sorry for the length of this question, but I thought it best to show as much detail to fend of questions asking if I had done A when I had already done A... ;-) I've had a look at the "micro-SD card initialization using SPI interface" thread and didn't see any answers that matched my issue (i.e. things I haven't already tried). I have a similar issue where I'm trying to access a SD card through a micro-controller's SPI interface (specifically an HC908). I've tried following the flow charts in the Physical Layer Simplified Specification v2.00 and it seems to initialize correctly on Transcend 1GB & 2GB and an AE&C 1GB card. But I'm having problems on 3 other random cards from my stash of old cards that I've used on my camera. My code is all HC908 assembler. I scoped out the SPI clock line and during initialization it's running about 350kHz (the only speed multiplier that the HC908 supplies at my low MCU clock speed that falls within the 100-400kHz window). Here are the results of the three cards that aren't completing my initialization routine (all done consecutively w/o changing any code or timing parameters): Canon 16Meg card (labeled as SD): Set card select high Send 80 SPI clock cycles (done by writing 0xFF 10 times) Set card select low Send CMD0 [0x400000000095] and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x01 (indicates idle) Send CMD8 [0x48000001AA87] and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x05 (idle and illegal command) Because illegal command set local flag to indicate v1 or MMC card Send CMD58 [0x7A00000000FD] and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x05 (idle and illegal command) because illegal command branch to error routine Send CMD13 [0x4D000000000D] (show status buffer) and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1= 0x05 (idle and illegal command) Is the illegal command flag stuck? Should I be doing something after CMD8 to clear that flag? SanDisk UltraII 256Meg Set card select high Send 80 SPI clock cycles (done by writing 0xFF 10 times) Set card select low Send CMD0 [0x400000000095] and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x01 (idle) Send CMD8 [0x48000001AA87] and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x05 (idle and illegal command) Because illegal command set local flag to indicate v1 or MMC card Send CMD58 [0x7A00000000FD] and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x01 (idle) Send 0xFF 4 times to read OCR OCR = 0xFFFFFFFF Send CMD55 [0x770000000065] (1st part of ACMD41) and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x01 (idle) Send CMD41 [0x6900000000E5] (2nd part of ACMD41) and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x05 (idle and illegal command) Because illegal command, assume card is MMC Send CMD1 [0x4100000000F9] (for MMC) and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x05 (idle and illegal command) Repeat the CMD1 50 times (my arbitrary number to wait until idle clears) Every R1 response is 0x05 (idle and illegal command) Why is OCR all F? Doesn't seem proper at all. Also, why does ACMD41 and CMD1 respond illegal command? Is CMD1 failing because the card is waiting for a valid ACMD after the CMD55 even with the illegal command response? SanDisk ExtremeIII 2G: Set card select high Send 80 SPI clock cycles (done by writing 0xFF 10 times) Set card select low Send CMD0 [0x400000000095] and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x01 (idle) Send CMD8 [0x40000001AA87] and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x7F (??? My loop shows the responses for each iteration and I got 0xFF 0xFF 0xC1 0x7F... is the card getting out of sync?) Send CMD58 [0x7A00000000FD] and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x01 (idle and back in sync) Send 0xFF 4 times to read OCR OCR = 0x00FF80 Send CMD55 [0x770000000065] (1st part of ACMD41) and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x5F (??? loop responses are 0xFF 0xFF 0xF0 0x5F... again out of sync?) Send CMD41 [0x6900000000E5] (2nd part of ACMD41) and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x05 (idle and illegal command, but back in sync???) Because illegal command, assume card is MMC Send CMD1 [0x4100000000F9] (for MMC) and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x7F (??? loop responses are 0xFF 0xFF 0xC1 0x7F... again out of sync?) Repeat CMD1 and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x01 (idle) Repeat CMD1 and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x7F (??? loop responses are 0xFF 0xFF 0xC1 0x7F... again out of sync?) Repeat CMD1 and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x00 (out of idle) Send CMD9 [0x4900000000AF] (get CSD) and Loop up to 8 times waiting for high bit on response to go low R1 = 0x3F (??? loop responses are 0xFF 0xFF 0xC1 0x3F... again out of sync?) Code craps out because Illegal command bit is high. WTF is wrong with that card? Sometimes in sync, other times not. (The above pattern is repeatable.) I've scoped this one out and I'm not seeing any rogue clock cycles going through between MOSI/MISO transfers. Anyone have any clues? Need any more info? Thanx in advance for spending the time to read through all of this.

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