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  • How to secure Apache for shared hosting environment? (chrooting, avoid symlinking...)

    - by Alessio Periloso
    I'm having problems dealing with Apache configuration: the problem is that I want to limit each user to his own docroot (so, a chroot() would be what I'm looking for), but: Mod_chroot works only globally and not for each virtualhost: i have the users in a path like the following one /home/vhosts/xxxxx/domains/domain.tld/public_html (xxxxx is the user), and can't solve the problem chrooting /home/vhosts, because the users would still be allowed to see each other. Using apache-mod-itk would slow down the websites too much, and I'm not sure if it would solve anything Without using any of the previous two, I think the only thing left is avoiding symlinking, not allowing the users to link to something that doesn't belong to them. So, I think I'm going to follow the third point but... how to efficiently avoid symlinking while still keeping mod_rewrite working?! The php has already been chrooted with php-fpm, so my only concern is about Apache itself.

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  • Why obfuscating a serial number of a device? What is the risk?

    - by Horst Walter
    In one of my xx.stackexchange questions I've got an answer, in which the user has obfuscated his disk's SN (serial number). Recently I have seen this in several photos as well, the SN was blurred out. I' am just curious, because I have never paid attention to this. What could be the potential risk in publishing a device's SN? I do see some sense when it comes to a MAC address, OK, this could be used for tracking. But a SN of a disk, iPad, whatsoever? Maybe there is an important reason for not publishing it, which I haven't seen so far.

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  • Get the "source network address" in Event ID 529 audit entries on Windows XP

    - by Make it useful Keep it simple
    In windows server 2003 when an Event 529 (logon failure) occures with a logon type of 10 (remote logon), the source network IP address is recorded in the event log. On a windows XP machine, this (and some other details) are omitted. If a bot is trying a brute force over RDP (some of my XP machines are (and need to be) exposed with a public IP address), i cannot see the originating IP address so i don't know what to block (with a script i run every few minutes). The DC does not log this detail either when the logon attempt is to the client xp machine and the DC is only asked to authenticate the credentials. Any help getting this detail in the log would be appreciated.

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  • Efficient way to secure tomcat database connections

    - by Greymeister
    Our customer has a problem with database information in plaintext within a server.xml or context.xml file on the Tomcat server. I've looked at several sites like OWASP and it seems like there's no obvious solution. I've also seen things like this wordpress blog which describe implementing a custom Tomcat extension to do this. There must exist some standard implementation(s) already without having to roll your own. Does anyone have experience with such a solution?

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  • Fix Fatal Error Condition showing system path

    - by JMC
    I've noticed there are a large number of servers running Magento Commerce that will return a fatal error showing the system path: Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'File '/usr/local/www/magento/data1702/media/css' does not exists.' in /usr/local/www/magento/data1702/lib/Varien/File/Transfer/Adapter/Http.php:96 Stack trace: #0 /usr/local/www/magento/data1702/get.php(205): Varien_File_Transfer_Adapter_Http->send('/usr/local/www/...') #1 /usr/local/www/magento/data1702/get.php(165): sendFile('/usr/local/www/...') #2 {main} thrown in /usr/local/www/magento/data1702/lib/Varien/File/Transfer/Adapter/Http.php on line 96 Magento as an application is generally good about supressing error messages. How can a linux server running apache be configured to avoid returning this error message since the app has problems suppressing it.

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  • Unix Server Protection from Physical Access?

    - by Isabella Wilcox
    I'm working to license our software to some buyer. Our software will be ran from an unix server that is physically controlled by the buyer. Is there any way to prevent the buyer who have physical access to your server to access contents on the drive? We want to protect our intellectual property because if the buyer steals our software, we won't have enough legal resources to pursue a claim internationally.

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  • Is visiting HTTPS websites on a public hotspot secure?

    - by Calmarius
    It's often said that HTTPS SSL/TLS connections are encrypted and said to be secure because the communication between the server and me is encrypted (also provides server authentication) so if someone sniffs my packets, they will need zillions of years to decrypt if using brute force in theory. Let's assume I'm on a public wifi and there is a malicious user on the same wifi who sniffs every packet. Now let's assume I'm trying to access my gmail account using this wifi. My browser does a SSL/TLS handshake with the server and gets the keys to use for encryption and decryption. If that malicious user sniffed all my incoming and outgoing packets. Can he calculate the same keys and read my encrypted traffic too or even send encrypted messages to the server in my name?

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  • How can I start any application with Guest permissions by default?

    - by Tom Wijsman
    Here are my two questions: How can I start any application with Guest permissions by default? How can I set certain applications not to launch with Guest permissions? For the first bullet, any non-Microsoft signed application I launch should run as the Guest account. For the second bullet, I'm imagining adding menu entries like this would be a nice approach: Set to run as Guest (= default selected entry) Set to run as User Set to run as Admin But how do I do this?

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  • Pass parameters to a script securely

    - by codeholic
    What is the best way to pass parameters to a forked script securely? E. g. passing parameters through command line operands is not secure, since someone who has an account on the host can run ps and see them. Unnamed pipe is quite secure, as far as I understand, isn't it? I mean, passing parameters to STDIN of the forked process. What about passing parameters in environment vars? Is it secure? What about passing parameters by other means I didn't mention?

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  • Looking for a new, free firewall (Sunbelt has a huge hole)

    - by Jason
    I've been using Sunbelt Personal Firewall v. 4.5 (previously Kerio). I've discovered that blocking Firefox connections in the configuration doesn't stop EXISTING Firefox connections. (See my post here yesterday http://superuser.com/questions/132625/sunbelt-firewall-4-5-wont-block-firefox) The "stop all traffic" may work on existing connections - but I'm done testing, as I need to be able to be selective, at any time. I was using the free version, so the "web filtering" option quit working after some time (mostly blocking ads and popups), but I didn't use that anyway. I used the last free version of Kerio before finally having to go to Sunbelt, because Kerio had an unfixed bug where you'd eventually get the BSOD and have to reset Kerio's configuration and start over (configure everything again). So I'm looking for a new Firewall. I don't like ZoneAlarm at all (no offense to all it's users that may be here - personal taste). I need the following: (Sunbelt has all these, except *) - 1. Be able to block in/out to localhost (trusted)/internet selectively for each application with a click (so there's 4 click boxes for each application) [*that effects everything immediately, regardless of what's already connected]. When a new application attempts a connection, you get an allow/deny/remember windows. - 2. Be able to easily set up filter rules for 'individual application'/'all applications,' by protocol, port/address (range), local, remote, in, out. [*Adding a filter rule also doesn't block existing connections in Sunbelt. That needs to work too.] - 3. Have an easy-to-get-to way to "stop all traffic" (like a right click option on the running icon in the task bar). - 4. Be able to set trusted/internet in/out block/allowed (4 things per item) for each of IGMP, ping, DNS, DHCP, VPN, and broadcasts. - 5. Define locahost as trusted/untrusted, define adapter connections as trusted/untrusted. - 6. Block incoming connetions during boot-up and shutdown. - 7. Show existing connections, including local & remote ip/port, protocol, current speed, total bytes transferred, and local ports opened for Listening. - 8. An Intrusion Prevention System which blocks (optionally select each one) known intrustions (long list). - 9. Block/allow applications from starting other applications (deny/allow/remember window). Wish list: A way of knowing what svchost.exe is doing - who is actually using it/calling it. I allowed it for localhost, and selectively allowed it for internet each time the allow/deny window came up. Thanks for any help/suggestions. (I'm using Windows XP SP3.)

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  • Migrating Identity Providers - specifying a new users password hash.

    - by Stephen Denne
    We'd like to switch Identity Provider (and Web Access Manager), and also the user directory we use, but would like to do so without users needing to change their password. We currently have the SSHA of the passwords. I'm expecting to write code to perform the migration. I don't mind how complex the code has to be, rather my concern is whether such a migration is possible at all. MS Active Directory would be our preferred user store, but I believe that it can not have new users set up in it with a particular password hash. Is that correct? What user directory stores can be populated with users already set up with a SSHA password? What Identity Provider and Access Management products work with those stores?

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  • Basic IPTables setup for OpenVPN/HTTP/HTTPS server

    - by Afronautica
    I'm trying to get a basic IPTables setup on my server which will allow HTTP/SSH access, as well as enable the use of the server as an OpenVPN tunnel. The following is my current rule setup - the problem is OpenVPN queries (port 1194) seemed to be getting dropped as a result of this ruleset. Pinging a website while logged into the VPN results in teh response: Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 92 bytes from 10.8.0.1: Destination Port Unreachable When I clear the IPTable rules pinging from the VPN works fine. Any ideas? iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i ! lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -j REJECT iptables -A FORWARD -j REJECT

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  • How secure is cloud computing?

    - by Rhubarb
    By secure, I don't mean the machines itself and access to it from the network. I mean, and I suppose this could be applied to any kind of hosting service, when you put all your intellectual property onto a hosted provider, what happens to the hard disks as they cycle through them? Say I've invested million into my software, and the information and data that I have is valuable, how can I be sure it isn't read off old disks as they're recycled? Is there some kind of standard to look for that ensures a provider is going to use the strictest form of intellectual property protection? Is SAS70 applicable here?

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  • nginx with fail2ban and mod_security

    - by Mahesh
    I forgot to update my fail2ban config for nginx. I just moved to nginx from apache. Today, I got a lot of cals from a single IP. IP tried to access login pages with post and get methods IP tried to use nginx as a proxy (GET http:/...) IP searched images, js, css folders IP tried to inject -d url_allow_fopen =1 and something similar. Most of the calls ended with 404. http { limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=app:10m rate=5r/s; ... server { ... location / { limit_req zone=app burst=50; } I got approximately 50 requests from that ip for a second. So i updated my nginx like the above. Will it avoid too many connections per second now? I have updated my fail2ban jail.local to support nginx. I am confused with the nginx-noscript.conf [Definition] failregex = ^<HOST> -.*GET.*(\.php|\.asp|\.exe|\.pl|\.cgi|\scgi) ignoreregex = I am serving php with nginx. I checked apache's noscript.conf and which has .php extension on it too. I tested this above settings before restarting fail2ban and got thousands of ips matched. I removed php and nothing matched. Do i need .php| in nginx-noscript.conf? Using mod_security and fail2ban together bring any problem? When i was searching today, i came to know mod_security is available for nginx too. So i am planning to use it too.

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  • CPANEL ModSec2 not working with SecFilterSelective

    - by jfreak53
    Ok, I have cPanel/WHM latest on a Dedi, here are my specs on apache: Server version: Apache/2.2.23 (Unix) Server built: Oct 13 2012 19:33:23 Cpanel::Easy::Apache v3.14.13 rev9999 I just ran a re-compile using easyapache as you can see by the date. When running it I made sure that ModSec was selected and it stated in big bold letters something to the effect of If you install Apache 2.2.x you get ModSec 2 So I believed it :) I recompiled, I then ran: grep -i release /home/cpeasyapache/src/modsecurity-apache_2.6.8/apache2/mod_security2.c Hmm, the file is there but grep doesn't output anything, if I run: grep -i release /home/cpeasyapache/src/modsecurity-apache_1.9.5/apache2/mod_security.c I of course get the ModSec 1 version output. But the thing is that ModSec2 is installed since the c file is there. So I continued and put the following in modsec2.user.conf: SecFilterScanOutput On SecFilterSelective OUTPUT "text" Now when I restart Apache I get this error: Syntax error on line 1087 of /usr/local/apache/conf/modsec2.user.conf: Invalid command 'SecFilterScanOutput', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration Now supposedly this is supposed to work, I even have it running in ModSec2 on a non-cpanel server setup manually. So I know ModSec2 supports it. Anyone have any ideas? I have asked this question over at cpanel forum and it got nowhere.

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  • IIS and PHP restrict IO permissions

    - by ULTRA_POROV
    I have php installed trough a fastCGI module. Is there a way to restrict the module (php.exe) read / write permissions to only the directory (+ subdirs) of the IIS site that is calling it? I need this to prevent one IIS PHP site from having access to files outside its own directory. How to do this? Is there a setting in php.ini or in the IIS configuration? I believe such a feature could exist, because when a file on the server is requested the root path of the site is also known, all it would take is that IIS passes this path to the php module, and the php module should on its end allow only IO operations within this path. PS: I know it is possible to achieve this by using a different windows account for each website, this is not an option.

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  • How to open a server port outside of an OpenVPN tunnel with a pf firewall on OSX (BSD)

    - by Timbo
    I have a Mac mini that I use as a media server running XBMC and serves media from my NAS to my stereo and TV (which has been color calibrated with a Spyder3Express, happy). The Mac runs OSX 10.8.2 and the internet connection is tunneled for general privacy over OpenVPN through Tunnelblick. I believe my anonymous VPN provider pushes "redirect_gateway" to OpenVPN/Tunnelblick because when on it effectively tunnels all non-LAN traffic in- and outbound. As an unwanted side effect that also opens the boxes server ports unprotected to the outside world and bypasses my firewall-router (Netgear SRX5308). I have run nmap from outside the LAN on the VPN IP and the server ports on the mini are clearly visible and connectable. The mini has the following ports open: ssh/22, ARD/5900 and 8080+9090 for the XBMC iOS client Constellation. I also have Synology NAS which apart from LAN file serving over AFP and WebDAV only serves up an OpenVPN/1194 and a PPTP/1732 server. When outside of the LAN I connect to this from my laptop over OpenVPN and over PPTP from my iPhone. I only want to connect through AFP/548 from the mini to the NAS. The border firewall (SRX5308) just works excellently, stable and with a very high throughput when streaming from various VOD services. My connection is a 100/10 with a close to theoretical max throughput. The ruleset is as follows Inbound: PPTP/1723 Allow always to 10.0.0.40 (NAS/VPN server) from a restricted IP range >corresponding to possible cell provider range OpenVPN/1194 Allow always to 10.0.0.40 (NAS/VPN server) from any Outbound: Default outbound policy: Allow Always OpenVPN/1194 TCP Allow always from 10.0.0.40 (NAS) to a.b.8.1-a.b.8.254 (VPN provider) OpenVPN/1194 UDP Allow always to 10.0.0.40 (NAS) to a.b.8.1-a.b.8.254 (VPN provider) Block always from NAS to any On the Mini I have disabled the OSX Application Level Firewall because it throws popups which don't remember my choices from one time to another and that's annoying on a media server. Instead I run Little Snitch which controls outgoing connections nicely on an application level. I have configured the excellent OSX builtin firewall pf (from BSD) as follows pf.conf (Apple App firewall tie-ins removed) (# replaced with % to avoid formatting errors) ### macro name for external interface. eth_if = "en0" vpn_if = "tap0" ### wifi_if = "en1" ### %usb_if = "en3" ext_if = $eth_if LAN="{10.0.0.0/24}" ### General housekeeping rules ### ### Drop all blocked packets silently set block-policy drop ### all incoming traffic on external interface is normalized and fragmented ### packets are reassembled. scrub in on $ext_if all fragment reassemble scrub in on $vpn_if all fragment reassemble scrub out all ### exercise antispoofing on the external interface, but add the local ### loopback interface as an exception, to prevent services utilizing the ### local loop from being blocked accidentally. ### set skip on lo0 antispoof for $ext_if inet antispoof for $vpn_if inet ### spoofing protection for all interfaces block in quick from urpf-failed ############################# block all ### Access to the mini server over ssh/22 and remote desktop/5900 from LAN/en0 only pass in on $eth_if proto tcp from $LAN to any port {22, 5900, 8080, 9090} ### Allow all udp and icmp also, necessary for Constellation. Could be tightened. pass on $eth_if proto {udp, icmp} from $LAN to any ### Allow AFP to 10.0.0.40 (NAS) pass out on $eth_if proto tcp from any to 10.0.0.40 port 548 ### Allow OpenVPN tunnel setup over unprotected link (en0) only to VPN provider IPs ### and port ranges pass on $eth_if proto tcp from any to a.b.8.0/24 port 1194:1201 ### OpenVPN Tunnel rules. All traffic allowed out, only in to ports 4100-4110 ### Outgoing pings ok pass in on $vpn_if proto {tcp, udp} from any to any port 4100:4110 pass out on $vpn_if proto {tcp, udp, icmp} from any to any So what are my goals and what does the above setup achieve? (until you tell me otherwise :) 1) Full LAN access to the above ports on the mini/media server (including through my own VPN server) 2) All internet traffic from the mini/media server is anonymized and tunneled over VPN 3) If OpenVPN/Tunnelblick on the mini drops the connection, nothing is leaked both because of pf and the router outgoing ruleset. It can't even do a DNS lookup through the router. So what do I have to hide with all this? Nothing much really, I just got carried away trying to stop port scans through the VPN tunnel :) In any case this setup works perfectly and it is very stable. The Problem at last! I want to run a minecraft server and I installed that on a separate user account on the mini server (user=mc) to keep things partitioned. I don't want this server accessible through the anonymized VPN tunnel because there are lots more port scans and hacking attempts through that than over my regular IP and I don't trust java in general. So I added the following pf rule on the mini: ### Allow Minecraft public through user mc pass in on $eth_if proto {tcp,udp} from any to any port 24983 user mc pass out on $eth_if proto {tcp, udp} from any to any user mc And these additions on the border firewall: Inbound: Allow always TCP/UDP from any to 10.0.0.40 (NAS) Outbound: Allow always TCP port 80 from 10.0.0.40 to any (needed for online account checkups) This works fine but only when the OpenVPN/Tunnelblick tunnel is down. When up no connection is possbile to the minecraft server from outside of LAN. inside LAN is always OK. Everything else functions as intended. I believe the redirect_gateway push is close to the root of the problem, but I want to keep that specific VPN provider because of the fantastic throughput, price and service. The Solution? How can I open up the minecraft server port outside of the tunnel so it's only available over en0 not the VPN tunnel? Should I a static route? But I don't know which IPs will be connecting...stumbles How secure would to estimate this setup to be and do you have other improvements to share? I've searched extensively in the last few days to no avail...If you've read this far I bet you know the answer :)

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  • How are cached Windows credentials stored on the local machine?

    - by MDMarra
    How are cached Active Directory domain credentials stored on a Windows client? Are they stored in the local SAM database, thus making them susceptible to the same rainbow table attacks that local user accounts are susceptible to, or are they stored differently? Note, that I do realize that they are salted and hashed, so as not to be stored in plain-text, but are they hashed in the same way as local accounts and are they stored in the same location? I realize that at a minimum they're be susceptible to a brute force attack, but that's a much better situation than being vulnerable to rainbow tables in the event of a stolen machine.

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  • Is it possible to detect that a database connection is to a copy rather than to the original database?

    - by user149238
    I have an application that needs to know if it is connected to the original database that it was installed with or if the connection is to a copy of that database. Is there any known method to know if the database has been cloned and the application is no longer connected to the original? I am specifically interested in MS SQL Server and Oracle. I was kicking ideas around for a stored procedure but that most likely doesn't have access to the hardware to confirm unique hardware information that would somewhat guarantee that the database is the one that it was originally connected to during installation. I'm trying to prevent/detect cloning of a database so that there is only 1 "true location of truth". Thanks!

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  • Cannot access an application folder in Program files

    - by GiddyUpHorsey
    I recently installed Windows 7 Professional 64bit on a new machine. I installed an application using a ClickOnce installer. The application runs fine, but I cannot access the application folder it created in c:\Program files (x86). It bombs with access denied. I try to view the properties on the folder and it takes about 1 minute to display (other folders take 1 second). It says I cannot view any information because I'm not the owner. It doesn't say who the current owner is (instead - Unable to display current owner.) but says I can take ownership. When I try it fails again with Access Denied, even though I have administrative permissions. Why can't I access this folder nor take ownership?

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  • What should I do about this user?

    - by Tim Brigham
    What should I do about this user? The user is: Downloading pornography Attempting unauthorized access Running hacking software Sending unsolicited email Installing software / tampering with the system etc This is intended as a generic answer for employee behavioral problems, a la Can you help me with my software licensing question? I could see where acceptable use issues are a touch out of scope for SF, however it is one of those things most sysadmins will run into. I don't want to keep rewriting similar answers.

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  • Is WinRT really as secure as it's made out to be?

    - by IDWMaster
    Prior to releasing Windows 8, Microsoft claimed that all WinRT apps are cleanly removed from your computer after uninstalling them, and that WinRT apps should not interfere with other running applications, because they are ran in a "sandboxed" environment. Microsoft has also claimed numerous times on Channel9 that Windows 8 apps are not ran in a VM. So my question is; are these claims accurate? If the application is not running inside of a VM, how is it possible to protect the system against malicious code at runtime, assuming the attacker was able to bypass the screening process of the Windows Store system? Microsoft allows "native code" in WinRT apps, so wouldn't it be possible (using hand-coded assembly or some odd pointer manipulation trick to call functions outside of the sandboxed environment and interfere with the rest of the system, if it's really "native code" and not some VM?

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