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  • How to boot more than 1 linux distro along with windows?

    - by BD at Rivenhill
    I have a machine that currently has Windows Vista living peacefully with Ubuntu 10.04 but I would like to test out another distro outside of a virtual machine without destroying my current Ubuntu or Windows installs. Is this possible? If so, any recommendations on how to arrange the partitions? I was thinking of moving user home areas to a separate partition and having 1 partition for all Ubuntu files and 1 for all files associated with the other distro.

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  • NO AUDIO DEVICE

    - by Paul
    my computer have no audio is says that NO AUDIO DEVICE. I already installed Realtek AC97 and Realtek High Definition Audio Driver and I also paste stream.dll to windows folder and system32 folder and i restart my computer but it says NO AUDIO DEVICE. Pls help me ASAP..TANX

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  • Could I use Ubuntu/Linux keyboard layout in Mac OS X with a PC keyboard?

    - by john
    Hi I'm a used Ubuntu user on a pc, and I like the french keyboard layout because it allows me to type accentued characters easily. I found a win-fr keyboard layout but it's much like windows and not so good. I found xmodmap.fr keyboard layout and I'd like to know if it was possible use it with my Mac SL 10.6.5, maybe I could do xmodmap xmodmap.fr or a way to convert to mac layout file. Any ideas?!

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  • Linux script that indicates time the server was offline?

    - by RD
    Below is data taken from my dedicated server: root@namhost [~]# last root pts/0 XXX Tue May 18 09:46 still logged in root pts/0 XXX Mon May 17 08:51 - 12:18 (03:26) reboot system boot XXX Mon May 17 08:49 (1+00:59) root pts/0 XXX Sun May 16 11:50 - 13:15 (01:25) root@namhost [~]# last | grep "system boot" reboot system boot 2.6.18-164.15.1. Mon May 17 08:49 (1+01:02) reboot system boot 2.6.18-164.el5 Tue May 11 04:20 (7+05:31) reboot system boot 2.6.18-164.el5 Tue May 11 03:53 (7+05:58) reboot system boot 2.6.18-128.el5 Mon Oct 5 22:40 (-3:-50) .... I need a script that I can run on an hourly basis that will: 1. Calculate the total downtime since the first date 2. The overall downtime percentage 3. Store this data in a file at /home/bla/file.txt, in the following format: TotalDowntime=03:02:02 Average=0.01% How do I go about doing this?

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  • Is this a good starting point for iptables in Linux?

    - by sbrattla
    Hi, I'm new to iptables, and i've been trying to put together a firewall which purpose is to protect a web server. The below rules are the ones i've put together so far, and i would like to hear if the rules makes sense - and wether i've left out anything essential? In addition to port 80, i also need to have port 3306 (mysql) and 22 (ssh) open for external connections. Any feedback is highly appreciated! #!/bin/sh # Clear all existing rules. iptables -F # ACCEPT connections for loopback network connection, 127.0.0.1. iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # ALLOW established traffic iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # DROP packets that are NEW but does not have the SYN but set. iptables -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP # DROP fragmented packets, as there is no way to tell the source and destination ports of such a packet. iptables -A INPUT -f -j DROP # DROP packets with all tcp flags set (XMAS packets). iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP # DROP packets with no tcp flags set (NULL packets). iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP # ALLOW ssh traffic (and prevent against DoS attacks) iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ssh -m limit --limit 1/s -j ACCEPT # ALLOW http traffic (and prevent against DoS attacks) iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport http -m limit --limit 5/s -j ACCEPT # ALLOW mysql traffic (and prevent against DoS attacks) iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport mysql -m limit --limit 25/s -j ACCEPT # DROP any other traffic. iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

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  • Linux: find out what process is using all the RAM?

    - by Timur
    Before actually asking, just to be clear: yes, I know about disk cache, and no, it is not my case :) Sorry, for this preamble :) I'm using CentOS 5. Every application in the system is swapping heavily, and the system is very slow. When I do free -m, here is what I got: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3952 3929 22 0 1 18 -/+ buffers/cache: 3909 42 Swap: 16383 46 16337 So, I actually have only 42 Mb to use! As far as I understand, -/+ buffers/cache actually doesn't count the disk cache, so I indeed only have 42 Mb, right? I thought, I might be wrong, so I tried to switch off the disk caching and it had no effect - the picture remained the same. So, I decided to find out who is using all my RAM, and I used top for that. But, apparently, it reports that no process is using my RAM. The only process in my top is MySQL, but it is using 0.1% of RAM and 400Mb of swap. Same picture when I try to run other services or applications - all go in swap, top shows that MEM is not used (0.1% maximum for any process). top - 15:09:00 up 2:09, 2 users, load average: 0.02, 0.16, 0.11 Tasks: 112 total, 1 running, 111 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4046868k total, 4001368k used, 45500k free, 748k buffers Swap: 16777208k total, 68840k used, 16708368k free, 16632k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ SWAP COMMAND 3214 ntp 15 0 23412 5044 3916 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 17m ntpd 2319 root 5 -10 12648 4460 3184 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 8188 iscsid 2168 root RT 0 22120 3692 2848 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 17m multipathd 5113 mysql 18 0 474m 2356 856 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.11 472m mysqld 4106 root 34 19 251m 1944 1360 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.11 249m yum-updatesd 4109 root 15 0 90152 1904 1772 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.18 86m sshd 5175 root 15 0 90156 1896 1772 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 86m sshd Restart doesn't help, and, by they way is very slow, which I wouldn't normally expect on this machine (4 cores, 4Gb RAM, RAID1). So, with that - I'm pretty sure that this is not a disk cache, who is using the RAM, because normally it should have been reduced and let other processes to use RAM, rather then go to swap. So, finally, the question is - if someone has any ideas how to find out what process is actually using the memory so heavily?

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  • Screen flicker during content update, especially in Firefox

    - by Denis Malinovsky
    I'm using Nouveau video driver for my NVIDIA GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 video-card with Ubuntu 10.04. Screen flickers frequently, especially when I'm loading pages with many images/banners in Firefox. I tried to use proprietary NVIDIA driver, but it behaves itself even worse. Nv driver doesn't work at all. I also filed a bugreport in launchpad if you need any additional information.

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  • NVidia TwinView - slow rendering on dual desktop [closed]

    - by lisak
    Hey, does anybody have experience with it ? I've set it up 4 times on 4 different machines. And there was always problems with slow rendering ( for instance : scrolling pages in browser is not fluent). But there always was something that finally made it work perfectly... I remember that one time this option helped, but not now Option "RenderAccel" "1" Nvidia geforce 8400GS or Zotac geforce 9500GT Monitors connected via dvi and hdmi connectors proper nvidia driver installed Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "X.org Configured" Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0 InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" Option "Xinerama" "0" EndSection Section "Files" ModulePath "/usr/lib64/xorg/modules" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/local" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/TTF" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/OTF" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/Type1" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/misc" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/CID" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/75dpi/:unscaled" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/100dpi/:unscaled" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/75dpi" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/100dpi" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/cyrillic" EndSection Section "Module" Load "dri2" Load "glx" Load "extmod" Load "record" Load "dbe" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "auto" Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor0" VendorName "Unknown" ModelName "Acer AL1715" HorizSync 30.0 - 83.0 VertRefresh 50.0 - 75.0 EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Nvidia" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "MSI big bang-fuzion" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device0" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "GeForce 8400 GS" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Device0" Monitor "Monitor0" DefaultDepth 24 Option "RenderAccel" "1" Option "AllowGLXWithComposite" "1" Option "TwinView" "1" Option "TwinViewXineramaInfoOrder" "DFP-1" Option "metamodes" "CRT: 1280x1024 +1920+0, DFP: 1920x1080 +0+0" SubSection "Display" Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection

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  • Anyone experiencing audio issues with VirtualBox on Linux and has a solution?

    - by DoxaLogos
    I've been using Virtualbox (now at 3.0.2) on Kubuntu (now at 9.04) for a while now, and I seem to have a problem when running Windows. Sometime after a while the audio will cut out in Kubuntu. The only way I can get it to recover is to make sure VirtualBox is completely shutdown and either going into multimedia under "system settings" and test the audio or restart. I'm wondering if anyone else here has experienced similar issues and has come up with a more elegant solution. I can't seem to find a reasonable one at virtualbox.org.

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  • Top - what does Virtual memory size mean? ...linux/ubuntu

    - by user42159
    I am running Top to monitor my server performance and 2 of my java processes show virtual memory of upto 800MB-1GB. Is that a bad thing? What does virtual memory mean? And oh btw, I have swap of 1GB and it shoes 0% used. So I am confused. Java process = 1 Tomcat server + my own java deamon Server = Ubuntu 9.10 (karmic)

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  • How to do grap data between two file in Linux?

    - by user28167
    I have two .rtf file.... The first one have this content: Apple, Orange, Banana, Noodle, Chip The Second File is something like this: Apple I love eat Apple. Banana I hate Banana. Zoo I want to go Zoo. Noodle Noodle can be a very very very very very very very very very very very long, but still is one line. Chip Don't eat so many chip. Orange Orange is great, not Apple plx. Noodle Water Drinking water is boring. The first file is a "key" of second file. In the second file, the first word is the key of each line. Each key and sentence in second file ONLY have one line. The Second File have many lines with key, but not all the key is shown on file1, but file1's key MUST in the second file. How can I get the result like this: (Need to sort by the key from File1) Apple, Apple I love eat Apple. Orange, Orange is great, not Apple plx. Banana, I hate Banana. Noodle, can be a very very very very very very very very very very very long, but still is one sentence. Chip, Don't eat so many chip.

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  • "No space left on device" with FreeBSD

    - by why
    When I login with root, and run "mkdir .ssh", the system says "No space left on device". But if I login with other user, it goes well. [/root]df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/da0s1a 496M 411M 45M 90% / devfs 1.0K 1.0K 0B 100% /dev /dev/da0s1e 496M 12K 456M 0% /tmp /dev/da0s1f 57G 878M 51G 2% /usr /dev/da0s1d 4.3G 215M 3.8G 5% /var [/root]mkdir .ssh /: create/symlink failed, no inodes free mkdir: .ssh: No space left on device

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  • Linux - why am i allowed to remove root file?

    - by 0xDEAD BEEF
    Situation as follows: i do su to root, then i create admin file with cat adminfile then i exit from root issuing exit command i can see following adminfile options -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10 2010-06-16 16:25 adminfile however, after executing rm adminfile it really gets removed -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10 2010-06-16 16:25 adminfile reinis@reinis-desktop:~/Test/script$ rm adminfile rm: remove write-protected regular file `adminfile'? tada.. file is gone! As i see it - others have only read permision for that file so they shouldnot be able to remove it.. :/

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  • How can I easily confirm in Linux that two separate directories have the exact same contents?

    - by Mike B
    CentOS 5.x Mq question seemed similar to this one but I wasn't sure... I have two servers (completely isolated from each other), each with a directory and sub-directories that should have the same exact contents. For example the directory layout could be something like: SERVER A - /opt/foo/foob/1092380298309128301283/123.txt /opt/foo/foob/5094380298309128301283/456.txt /opt/foo/foob/5092380298309128301283/789.txt /opt/foo/foob/1592380298309128301283/abc.txt SERVER B - /opt/foo/foob/1092380298309128301283/123.txt /opt/foo/foob/5094380298309128301283/456.txt /opt/foo/foob/5092380298309128301283/789.txt /opt/foo/foob/1592380298309128301283/abc.txt Ideally I'd like a way to do a recursive check and have something confirm that everything matches. I also want to avoid using any third-party tools. Any ideas?

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  • NFS server Windows 2008 - mounting via linux - input/output error help.

    - by pablo
    I want to try mounting a folder with NFS - I set up the NFS sharing on a windows 2008 R2 server, specified hosts in the NFS permissions (by IP address) and mounted via /etc/fstab it mounts, but when I try to list the folder, I get 'input/output error' the owner/group on the local mount point look weird too? drwx------ 2 4294967294 4294967294 4096 2011-02-10 19:15 data/ I mounted in /etc/fstab as: 10.0.6.55:/share$ /media/data nfs soft,intr,rsize=8192,wsize=8192 What am I doing wrong?

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  • How do I log file system read/writes by filename in Linux?

    - by Casey
    I'm looking for a simple method that will log file system operations. It should display the name of the file being accessed or modified. I'm familiar with powertop, and it appears this works to an extent, in so much that it show the user files that were written to. Is there any other utilities that support this feature. Some of my findings: powertop: best for write access logging, but more focused on CPU activity iotop: shows real time disk access by process, but not file name lsof: shows the open files per process, but not real time file access iostat: shows the real time I/O performance of disk/arrays but does not indicate file or process

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  • Preprocess outgoing email bodies with a linux smtp server/proxy?

    - by jdc0589
    I have an smtp server running locally on my server, and need to edit the contents of email bodies before they actually get sent out. I have tried using EmailRelay to proxy my smtp server with the --filter option to specify a filter/editing executable, but am getting some odd behavior. Currently, I specify an executable shell script as the filter program and all it is supposed to do is append some text to a log file and return 0 so I know it actually got called. The weird thing is the email gets sent but nothing shows up in my log file like it should (but it does when I run the script manualy). If I remove the 'exit 0' statement, the email does not send like I would expect. Are there any other options/suggestions?

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  • How do I permanently disable Linux's console screen saver, system-wide?

    - by raldi
    I've got an Ubuntu server that boots up in text mode. It rarely has a screen or keyboard attached to it, but when I do attach a screen, I usually have to attach a keyboard too, because the darn console mode screen saver will be on and I'll need to hit a key to see what's going on. I'm aware that the setterm command can disable this, but it's a per-session thing. How can I make it so the machine never ever blanks the screen in text mode, even when it's first booted up and sitting at the login prompt?

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  • Finding bluetooth link key in Win7, to double pair a device on dualboot computer

    - by Ilari Kajaste
    How can I dig up the bluetooth link key for a paired device in Win7? Is this something that is dependent on the bluetooth stack I'm using (Toshiba), or is there a generic place to store these in Win7? Note: I'm not talking about the six-digit code usually typed by the user during pairing - that is worthless since it's discarded after pairing process. What I mean is the 128-bit link key that the devices exchange during pairing, and use thereafter to encrypt all their bluetooth traffic. Background: I dualboot Win7 / Ubuntu on my laptop, and I would like to have my phone paired to both OS's. Since the dualbooting computer has only one bluetooth adapter and thus only one bluetooth address, I cannot do two pairings to the phone, since on the second pairing (windows) the phone just replaces the previous pairing (linux) to the same bluetooth address. A thread on Ubuntu forums pointed me to what I have to do - pair first on linux, then on windows, and then replace the link key on linux side with the one windows negotiated. I can find the linux side pairing key from /var/lib/bluetooth/[BD_ADDR]/linkkeys - no problems there. However, on windows side I can't find the key. According to the forum post, on windows side the key should be in SYSTEM\ControlSet002\services\BTHPORT\Parameters\Keys\[BD_ADDR] but while that registry key does exist, it has no subkeys. (And a similar registry path in ControlSet001 didn't have any subkeys either.) One thing I've been instructed to do is to capture all events during pairing with Sysinternals Process Monitor. I did this, but I haven't been able to find any useful information from the captured events, not even by exporting the data to a huge XML and grepping that with the BD_ADDRs (with or without colons). So how could I find the link key for a paired device in Win7? Some reference information: Wikipedia: Bluetooth, Security Now: Bluetooth security

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  • Linux: how to restore config file using apt-get/aptitude?

    - by o_O Tync
    I've occasionally lost my config file "/etc/mysql/my.cnf", and want to restore it. The file belongs to package mysql-common which is needed for some vital functionality so I can't just purge && install it: the dependencies would be also uninstalled (or if I can ignore them temporarily, they won't be working). Is there a way to restore the config file from a package without un-ar-ing the package file? dpkg-reconfigure mysql-common did not restore it.

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