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• Multiple servers vs 1 big server performace

  - by pistacchio

  Hi to all! My team of developers has suggested a server structure for an upcoming project we are developing. Our structure is "logical", meaning that the various logical components of the application (it is a distributed one) relies on different servers. Some components are more critical than others and will be subjected to more load. Our proposal was to have 1 server per component but the hardware guys suggested to replace the various machines with a single, bigger one with virtual servers. They're gonna use Blade Servers. Now, I'm not an expert at all, but my question to the guys was: so if we need, for example, 3 2GHz CPU / 2GB RAM machines and you give me 1 machine with 3 2GHz CPUs and 6 GB of RAM it is the same? They told me it is. Is this accurate? What are the advantages or disadvantages of both the solutions? What are the generally accepted best practices? Could you point out some URL reference dealing with the problem? Thank you in advance! EDIT: Some more info. The (internet / intranet) application is already layered. We have some servers on the DMZ that will expose pages to the internet and the databases are on their own machines. What we want to split (and they want to join) are some webservers that mainly expose webservices. One is a DAL that communicates with the database layer, one is our Single Sign On / User Profile application that gets called once per page and one is a clone of what seen on the Internet to be used on our lan.

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• CloudFront with Custom Origin and ELB

  - by kmfk

  We are using CloudFront for our static assets but also wanted to allow for Gzip. We set up a new distribution with a custom origin pointing back to our application servers which are behind a elastic load balancer. We manually keep the files in sync across the cluster and update them when we publish. However, with this set up, we get nothing but Miss and RefreshHits from CloudFront, which so far has defeated the purpose. Is there any additional settings in order to use an ELB as your custom origin? In the docs, it references this as a viable solution. It appears when we point the distribution to a single server in our production cluster, cloudfront properly caches our assets. Is it possible that the sticky sessions cookie and the subsequent header that gets added by it could be an issue? Cache-Control: no-cache="set-cookie" //Added by load balancer Any ideas? FYI - currently, we have our custom origin pointing to a single EC2 instance, so caching is working correctly - in case you try to curl the file below. Example headers: curl -I http://static.quick-cdn.com/css/9850999.css HTTP/1.0 200 OK Accept-Ranges: bytes Cache-Control: max-age=3700 Cache-Control: no-cache="set-cookie" Content-Length: 23038 Content-Type: text/css Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2012 23:03:52 GMT Last-Modified: Thu, 12 Apr 2012 23:00:14 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.17 (Ubuntu) Vary: Accept-Encoding X-Cache: RefreshHit from cloudfront X-Amz-Cf-Id: K_q7Zy3_jdzlEJ85ukELVtdx1GmuXqApAbZZ7G0fPt0mxRMqPKX5pQ==,RzJmPku-rEIO9WlvuSoKa8hiAaR3dLk5KC4cQMWWrf_MDhmjWe8n6A== Via: 1.0 28c34f9fbf559a21ee16594849e4fc9c.cloudfront.net (CloudFront) Connection: close

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• Port knocking via SSH tunnels

  - by j0ker

  I have a server running in my university's internal network. There is only one SSH daemon running which is secured by port knocking with knockd. Works fine if I try to connect from within the internal network. But since the server has no external IP, I have to tunnel into the internal network every time I want to access the server from outside. And since tunneling only works for a single port I cannot do the port knocking as easily as from an internal client. In fact, I don't get it to work at all. What I'm trying is opening tunnels for all the different ports that have to be knocked. Then I send TCP-SYN packets into the tunnels. But that doesn't work even for a single port. If I establish the tunnel on the first port in the knock sequence and send a packet through it, it doesn't reach the server. There is no entry in the log file of knockd, while there should be something like 123.45.67.89: openSSH: Stage 1 (as shown with internal knocks). So I guess, the problem doesn't exist within my knocking script but is a more general one. Are there any known problems with what I'm trying to do? Is it even possible or am I missing something? Thanks in advance!

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• Is the 4-pin PSU connector required? (Trying to connect a PSU to a mini case.)

  - by Geeks On Hugs

  I am trying to build a computer, placing an ASUS P8H67-I DELUXE in a custom retro C64 case. The case is an extra small form factor which can accomodate the Mini ITX board, but requires an external power supply, similar to the power-bricks that laptops use. I am looking at different power supplies and like these, but cannot figure out whether/how to power this system because they provide a 24-pin connector, but the motherboard has a 4-pin connector as well. Is the 4-pin connector optional or is it required? If it is required, how can I provide power for this system?

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• RAID 1 not performing as expected

  - by Faken

  I recently bought a new 320Gb hard drive for my computer to set up RAID 1 on it for some added security. Installation went as smooth as could possibly be (plug in power, plug in data cable, start up computer, Intel software recognized new drive, right click create RAID 1, done!). However, for some inexplicable reason, I seem to have strange test results when using BENCH32. On my old configuration, a single 7200 rpm drive, I achieved about 60 MB/s write and 70 MB/s read. With a new RAID 1 configuration, I would expect the write to be slightly diminished but read to be significantly improved (though not exactly double speed). However, with the new configuration, I am getting 90 MB/s write and only about 80 MB/s read. I should NOT be getting improved write performance, especially NOT better than read! What's going on? My system setup is: q6600 2.4ghz CPU 4Gb DDR2 667mhz RAM on board Intel ICH9R "RAID chip" 2x Seagate 7200 RPM 320GB drives in RAID 1 Widows 7 home premium 64-bit

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• How would you diagnose an integrated network card that doesn't show up on the device list?

  - by Tomer Gabel

  I've been setting up a server based around a Gigabyte GA-G33M-DS2R motherboard (G33, PCH9R with integrated Realtek 811B network device. I've enabled it in the BIOS, but it doesn't show up in the pre-boot PCI device list, isn't recognized by Windows (even after installing the chipset and networking drivers) and doesn't even show up via lspci. I've tried cycling power, disabling, cycling again, enabling, cycling again etc. to no avail. I'm sort of at a loss at this point; the board isn't under warranty anymore, but I'd rather not have to replace it. Any advice would be greatly appreciated...

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• Special function keys are mixed up on my Macbook Pro

  - by seanieb

  I recently sent my Macbook Pro (late 2008 model) to get a replaced logic board and top cover. When I got it back the Special function keys are mixed up. F3 - mutes sound - it should do expose f4 - decreases volume - it should show the dashboard f5 - increases volume ....etc, ... F11 - expose - it should decrease volume f12 - dashboard - it should increase volume I have checked and made sure that System PreferencesKeyboard"use all F keys as standard function keys" is not selected. And that no accessibility options are switched on either. How do I fix this? or should I bring it back to the repair shop? Thanks

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• Raid on ICH9R chip set

  - by user500982

  Hi Im looking at buyign this MB: http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/ATOM/ICH9/X7SPE-HF-D525.cfm Im wondering though if the chipset will support the raid configuration I need. Im looking to configure the following arrays: raid array 1: 2 2TB Disks in Raid 0 raid array 2: 2 2TB Disks in Raid 0 raid array 3 (not actualy an array): 1 300GB Disk not in raid, to be used for OS and boot. So in total there would be 5 drives and the board supports 6. so im good when it comes to connections. However I have herd some chip sets only support one raid array (volume). so either all drives are individual, or are in the array. I must have 2 sperate raid arrays independent of each other, and a 5th drive not in any array. Anybody know if this setup will work? Thanks, -Stewart

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• Copying files between linux machines with strong authentication but without encryption

  - by Zizzencs

  I'm looking for a suitable program to copy files from one linux machine to another one. The program should be able to do authentication but it should not do encryption. The reason behind the latter is the lack of CPU power to do the encryption. I copy backups from ~70 machines to a single backup server simultaneously. The single server is an HP Proliant DL360 G7, with 10 Gbps ethernet connection and an FC storage backend that can do 4 Gbps. Through FTP I can write ~400MB/sec to the storage (that's about what I want) but through ssh with arcfour I can only do ~100MB/sec while having 100% CPU usage. That's why I want file transfers not to be encrypted. The alternatives that I found not really suitable: rcp: no authentication, forget it FTP: making the authentication "secure" (at least preventing plain-text password exchange) is possible but not really easy and I haven't found a method to force any FTP daemon to encrypt the control channel (for the authentication) and not to encrypt the data channel (for data transfers) SCP/SFTP: in farely recent ssh(d) implementations you can't turn off encryption. The best you can do is to use the arcfour cypher for the encryption but it sill uses too much CPU power for my needs. rsync over ssh: same problems as with SCP/SFTP. plain rsync: from the documentation of rsyncd: "The authentication protocol used in rsync is a 128 bit MD4 based challenge response system. This is fairly weak protection, though (with at least one brute-force hash-finding algorithm publicly available), so if you want really top-quality security, then I recommend that you run rsync over ssh." It's a no-go. Is there a protocol/program that can do exactly what I want? (A big plus would be if it could work on windows as well and/or if it would support rsync-stlye copying/synchronization (e.g. copy only the differences).)

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• organizing my music and my itunes

  - by Cawas

  What can we do to organize our music? I've got over 20k items on my iTunes Library, at least 5k with ratings and play counts, apparently just 12k music files and I can't understand how this question have not been properly answered yet. Maybe there is no answer. I have too many duplicates, broken links, bad music, corrupted files... Well, a big mess with no tags! Probably there's no single software capable of just organizing everything, though I'd love one. Hopefully some time in the near future we all will be able to just sync the cloud of our automagically selected music to the newly created offline copy. But meanwhile... Please, do consider I've at least gave a shot (even while not a full test drive) to every single answer linked here already, plus a few more. I'm fine with using other software (mac too, please) to organize, but I'd need it to sync (retrieve and put back) at least iTunes ratings, because of iPhone and smart playlists. Not looking for iTunes replacement. I'm hoping to hear what you hardcore music organizers out there are using as your own solutions! :) I myself am using way too many tools, getting way too little done and end up going song by song.

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• Vacation scheduler/viewer

  - by Norfeldt

  I'm looking for a solution that allows multiple persons to put plan and notify their vacation by putting it in their electronic calendar and invite a dedicated "robot" email. On the other side I should be able to get a quick overview of the vacation for each person and do a print out that allows me to put it on a board. Example: John puts his winter vacation for week 7 into his calendar and invite [email protected]. Ben does the same thing for week 4 and 5 and invites [email protected]. Dilbert host the [email protected] and prints out and overview for the next 3 months. Each person's vacation is either stated by name or/and color on the print out. I would like to do the thing with standard business software like Outlook 2010 without installing too many softwares. But at the same time it should be easy and quick to make the print outs without too much fiddling Am I dreaming ?

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• USB keyboard not recognized by motherboard with only a legacy PS/2 header

  - by Luis

  I've bought a D945GSEJT Atom motheboard that has three usb ports available and no PS/2 connector, just a PS/2 header. I have a PS/2 keyboard with a PS/2 to USB adapter and connected it to a USB port. I tried all three USB ports. The problem is that the board seems to not recognize my keyboard. None of the keys I press are detected by the system. I've read that maybe I could try to change BIOS USB settings to solve this detection problem. But how can I do it if I can't type anything? Is there any other option other than buying a PS/2 adapter and plug it to the PS/2 header?

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• a brand new FS based on a database without using fuse

  - by Devrim

  hi all, To serve millions of files out of a single directory, being able to connect to a drive from hundreds of endpoints, and for some other reasons (to avoid gluster/nfs/all fs based networking solutions), I want to evaluate the possibility of making a filesystem that's based on a mongodb (or any other). Basically, it works like fusefs, every single file is kept in mongo gridfs. In theory, I do, mount mongodbfs /mountPoint mongodb://localhost then when i say touch /mountPoint/test.txt this file is inserted into mongodb. This FS will also store uid/gid and perms with the file, we can throw hundreds of servers to it, and no useradd will be necessary. I'm not thinking to include all the features of FS, just the ones we need. My question is, how do I start my quest in finding resources, books, links, people, developers who'd help me implement this? at least a proof of concept. Is it feasible? What should I expect as a timeline for such undertaking? Please only think about gazillion small files and folders.

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• Power supply issue? New Radeon5850's fan runs at full speed and PC doesn't boot.

  - by Kris

  I recently bought a new ASUS EAH5850 graphics board. I installed it a custom PC which had an ASUS p5n-e SLI mobo along with a 500w Thermaltake W0093RU power supply. Sometimes when doing a cold boot the 5850's fan will run at full speed and the PC will not boot. Powering off by holding down the power button and powering back on sometimes remedies the situation and everything boots normally. Warm reboots also never seem to have problems. For some reason though cold boots almost always do. Another issue I notice is that when the PC does boot normally it takes longer (+30 secs) to POST than with my last video card. I flashed the mobo with the latest available BIOS but it had no effect. Is my problem a power issue or incompatible motherboard or something else I'm missing?

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• High speed network configuration

  - by Peter M

  Sorry if this seems to be a stupid question, I'm not sure how to specify what I want to know when checking google. I will have 2 or 3 devices pumping out data on a 100Base-T port. The combined data rate of all devices is about 15KB/S which exceeds the optimal 100Base-T channel capacity (12KB/S), but well within the realms of a 1000Base-T connection. Each device will be sending a burst of data in the form of an FTP transfer to a common, single host computer in a sequential manner ie: Device A establishes FTP connection and transfers data Device B establishes FTP connection and transfers data Device C establishes FTP connection and transfers data It may be that the A&B, B&C and C&A transfers overlap in the time domain to some extent. There will be minimal traffic going back from the computer to each device (in general what ever is needed to support the FTP transfers), and the network will be dedicated to transferring data between these devices and the host computer. Is it possible to use a switch to combine the multiple incoming 100Base-T streams into a single outgoing 1000Base-T stream? if so what features in a switch should I be looking for? Or would it be better to have 3 physical point-to-point 100Base-T dedicated connections between each device and the host computer? (thus having at least 3 physical Ethernet interfaces on that computer) Note that I can't change the interface on the devices, but I am free to choose the network and host computer configuration. Thanks for you help Peter

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• Linux: disbale USB without disabling power

  - by Ergot

  TLDR I want toggle between the following usages of a usb-port via the terminal: use like a normal usb-port only supply energy to charge Story I recently got me something like a magna doodle that can save your drawings to pdf, which can be moved to your computer via usb afterwards. Now the thing is that you can't save anything while it's plugged in. Because it's the only way to charge it, it bugs me that I can't find a software solution and laziness I want to keep it plugged in and toggle the connection to the computer only when needed. I noticed that it's charging and usable when it is plugged in and the computer is shut down or suspened. So I guess that there's a way to do it. Tech info computer: ThinkPad X201 Linux Kernel: 3.14.5-1-ARCH "Magna doodle": Boogie Board Sync

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• Minimalistic flatfile-based "wall" PHP app with authentication and RSS?

  - by Nicolas Raoul

  I am looking for an open-source minimalistic "message board" PHP software. Not a forum, more something like one simple facebook wall. The only thing a user can do is post a new message. With RSS, and able to run on flat files (no database) with Apache+PHP Authentication based on a configuration file, no management UI needed. For now I use this software, but it lacks RSS: http://nrw.free.fr/data/projects/pano/demo/index.php?pano=ifc Anyone knows a software that matches my description? Thanks! Usage: communication between my family's 5 members living on different continents.

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• SQL Server Read Locking behavior

  - by Charles Bretana

  When SQL Server Books online says that "Shared (S) locks on a resource are released as soon as the read operation completes, unless the transaction isolation level is set to repeatable read or higher, or a locking hint is used to retain the shared (S) locks for the duration of the transaction." Assuming we're talking about a row-level lock, with no explicit transaction, at default isolation level (Read Committed), what does "read operation" refer to? The reading of a single row of data? The reading of a single 8k IO Page ? or until the the complete Select statement in which the lock was created has finished executing, no matter how many other rows are involved? NOTE: The reason I need to know this is we have a several second read-only select statement generated by a data layer web service, which creates page-level shared read locks, generating a deadlock due to conflicting with row-level exclusive update locks from a replication prcoess that keeps the server updated. The select statement is fairly large, with many sub-selects, and one DBA is proposing that we rewrite it to break it up into multiple smaller statements (shorter running pieces), "to cut down on how long the locks are held". As this assumes that the shared read locks are held till the complete select statement has finished, if that is wrong (if locks are released when the row, or the page is read) then that approach would have no effect whatsoever....

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• Linux boot - stop the kernel switching to a new framebuffer mode clearing output

  - by Avio

  I'm working on an embedded system (based onUbuntu 12.04 LTS) and I'm customizing its kernel. I'm having some problem with upstart, mountall and plymouth. Nothing unsolvable I suppose, but the real problem is that I can't diagnose properly what's going on because the kernel (or maybe plymouth) changes the video mode in the middle of the boot process. This completely wipes entire lines of log and prevents any debugging of kernel misconfigurations. My Grub2 config seems to be ok with: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="acpi=force noplymouth" GRUB_GFXMODE=1024x768x32 GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep Here is some relevant output of lspci: 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GSE Express Memory Controller Hub (rev 03) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GSE Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) 00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) And here is the relevant portion of my kernel configuration: CONFIG_AGP=y CONFIG_AGP_INTEL=y CONFIG_VGA_ARB=y CONFIG_VGA_ARB_MAX_GPUS=16 CONFIG_DRM=y CONFIG_DRM_KMS_HELPER=y CONFIG_DRM_I915=y CONFIG_DRM_I915_KMS=y CONFIG_VIDEO_OUTPUT_CONTROL=y CONFIG_FB=y CONFIG_FB_BOOT_VESA_SUPPORT=y CONFIG_FB_CFB_FILLRECT=y CONFIG_FB_CFB_COPYAREA=y CONFIG_FB_CFB_IMAGEBLIT=y CONFIG_FB_MODE_HELPERS=y CONFIG_FB_VESA=y CONFIG_BACKLIGHT_LCD_SUPPORT=y CONFIG_BACKLIGHT_CLASS_DEVICE=y CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE=y CONFIG_VGACON_SOFT_SCROLLBACK=y CONFIG_VGACON_SOFT_SCROLLBACK_SIZE=640 CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE=y CONFIG_FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE=y CONFIG_FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE_DETECT_PRIMARY=y CONFIG_FONT_8x8=y CONFIG_FONT_8x16=y CONFIG_LOGO=y CONFIG_LOGO_LINUX_MONO=y CONFIG_LOGO_LINUX_VGA16=y CONFIG_LOGO_LINUX_CLUT224=y Every other custom/stock kernel boot fine with that Grub2 config. What I would like to have is a single flow of messages on a single console (retaining one screen resolution) from the bootup logo till the login prompt. Does anybody know what I have to tweak to achieve this?

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• JFFS2 poor mount performance

  - by Marcin Polkowski

  I run multiple ARM boards with Debian Linux installed. Board is equipped with 512 MB of NAND memory. I've observed that after ~3 months of continuous run booting time increased significantly - it takes over 3 minutes to mount filesystem (JFFS2). System was using about 35% of available storage so I’ve removed unnecessary files (got to ~18%) but this didn't change anything. Then I realized that my software produces directories that are left empty so I’ve removed ~500 empty and unnecessary dirs. This didn’t help either. After system is started I see JFFS2 garbage collector (jffs2_gcd_mtd4) running and occupying over 90% of CPU. Now my question: is there a way to „optimize” JFFS2 filesystem for better performance - faster booting (my system have limited timid to boot up)? It would be great if this optimization could be done remotely - I have no physical access to boards.

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• Disable RAID Controller

  - by B.Mr.W.

  I have some decent HP Proliants server that come with "HP Smart Array P410i Controller" enabled, I am using these boxes to set up a Hadoop cluster and I know, RAID is for sure a no-no for Hadoop since the application itself will take care of data redundancy and extra intelligence provided by RAID won't be helpful and might turn down the performance. I tried to disable the devices at the BIOS and the box cannot even access the disk afterwards. So I am assuming the controller is sitting between disks and mother board, and we have to turn it on and configure it to "level0" or something like that. I am wondering what should I do to "disable" the RAID functionality so it will fit into the Hadoop environment.

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• PHPMyAdmin - Error 500

  - by christian.thomas

  Have scoured the board but can't seem to find anything that's helped yet. If I go to http://localhost/ it's fine, if I go to http://localhost/phpmyadmin I get an 'Error 500: Internal Server Error' There doesn't seem to be anything that'll show up in the log files either. I've tried the RewriteLog as mentioned in PHPMyAdmin 500 Internal Server Error - But that doesn't really seem to help either, nothing gets written to it when I've got: # Logfiles ErrorLog /home/www/beta.**.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /home/www/beta.**.com/logs/access.log combined RewriteLog /home/www/beta.**.com/logs/rewrite.log RewriteLogLevel 9 I've tried uninstalling the package and re-installing it, but that's not helped either. Anyone got any other suggestions? I'm running Debian and Apache 2.

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• Apache2: Limit simultaneous requests & throttle bandwidth per IP/client?

  - by xentek

  I want to limit simultaneous requests & throttle bandwidth per IP/Client on a single apache vhost. In other words, I want to ensure that this site, which hosts large media files, doesn't get hammered by someone trying to download everything all at once (just happened the other night). I'd like to limit the outgoing transfer speed overall for this site, as well as limit the number of connections a single IP can make to the server to a sane default (i.e. within normal browser limits for multiple requests so page loads aren't effected too much). Bonus points if I can actually scope it to file types (i.e. leave web files alone, but apply these rules to just the media files). We're running Ubuntu 9.04 on all the servers, and have two apache/php servers being load balanced via Round Robin by a squid proxy server. MySQL is running on its own box as well. We've got plenty of bandwidth to give them, so I don't really want overall caps, but just want to throttle the amount of memory/CPU it takes to serve this site. There other sites on these servers that we don't want to apply these rules too, just want to keep this one from hogging all the resources. Let me know if you need more info! Thanks in advance for your suggestions!

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• Do most front and rear USB connections deliver the same power and performance?

  - by Bratch

  I was reading this Three Monitors For Every User and there were some comments about rear USB ports being able to deliver more power than front USB ports because they are directly connected to the motherboard and closer to the power supply (by circuit board runs). Even though the front USB ports may have connectors farther from the power supply, and there are cables from the motherboard to the front ports, I think that the difference in power would be negligible (unless the case is over 5 meters long). Anyone know for sure if they are the same or different? Note that I'm not talking about an older case where the front might have been USB 1.1 and the rear USB 2.0. A modern case would have USB 2.0 on all ports. And of course using a powered hub would deliver plenty of power.

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• How to force 640*480@60Hz screen resolution on xubuntu 12.04

  - by c2h2

  It seems xubuntu won't be able to correctly set resolution at 640*480@60Hz at its Display settings. And I am unable to correctly my super small 6.4 inch Mitsubishi VGA panel via VGA cable. I have tried to hack both X11 conf /etc/X11/Xorg.conf and xfce4 conf, but all the document I can find is outdated. and conf files are changed into other location. Can someone give me a hand and I'll mark correct for other people to use? Thanks! EDIT: The board is an Intel Atom D2700, gpu is SGX545. I tried to use xrandr --output default --mode 640*480 It seems works fine, but refresh rate is 75Hz, but the screen only suports 60Hz So I used xrandr --output default --mode 640*480 --rate 60 but it give error: xrandr: Failed to get size of gamma for output default Can anyone pointing any directions?

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