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• How is architectural design done in an agile environment?

  - by B?????

  I have read Principles for the Agile Architect, where they defined next principles : Principle #1 The teams that code the system design the system. Principle #2 Build the simplest architecture that can possibly work. Principle #3 When in doubt, code it out. Principle #4 They build it, they test it. Principle #5 The bigger the system, the longer the runway. Principle #6 System architecture is a role collaboration. Principle #7 There is no monopoly on innovation. The paper says that most of the architecture design is done during the coding phase, and only system design before that. That is fine. So, how is the system design done? Using UML? Or a document that defines interfaces and major blocks? Maybe something else?

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• If your unit test code "smells" does it really matter?

  - by Buttons840

  Usually I just throw my unit tests together using copy and paste and all kind of other bad practices. The unit tests usually end up looking quite ugly, they're full of "code smell," but does this really matter? I always tell myself as long as the "real" code is "good" that's all that matters. Plus, unit testing usually requires various "smelly hacks" like stubbing functions. How concerned should I be over poorly designed ("smelly") unit tests?

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• Your interesting code tricks/ conventions? [closed]

  - by Paul

  What interesting conventions, rules, tricks do you use in your code? Preferably some that are not so popular so that the rest of us would find them as novelties. :) Here's some of mine... Input and output parameters This applies to C++ and other languages that have both references and pointers. This is the convention: input parameters are always passed by value or const reference; output parameters are always passed by pointer. This way I'm able to see at a glance, directly from the function call, what parameters might get modified by the function: Inspiration: Old C code int a = 6, b = 7, sum = 0; calculateSum(a, b, &sum); Ordering of headers My typical source file begins like this (see code below). The reason I put the matching header first is because, in case that header is not self-sufficient (I forgot to include some necessary library, or forgot to forward declare some type or function), a compiler error will occur. // Matching header #include "example.h" // Standard libraries #include <string> ... Setter functions Sometimes I find that I need to set multiple properties of an object all at once (like when I just constructed it and I need to initialize it). To reduce the amount of typing and, in some cases, improve readability, I decided to make my setters chainable: Inspiration: Builder pattern class Employee { public: Employee& name(const std::string& name); Employee& salary(double salary); private: std::string name_; double salary_; }; Employee bob; bob.name("William Smith").salary(500.00); Maybe in this particular case it could have been just as well done in the constructor. But for Real WorldTM applications, classes would have lots more fields that should be set to appropriate values and it becomes unmaintainable to do it in the constructor. So what about you? What personal tips and tricks would you like to share?

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• Is extensive documentation a code smell?

  - by Griffin

  Every library, open-source project, and SDK/API I've ever come across has come packaged with a (usually large) documentation file, and this seems contradictory to the wide-spread belief that good code needs little to no comments. What separates documentation from this programming methodology? a one to two page overview of a package seems reasonable, but elegant code combined with standard intelisense should have theoretically deprecated the practice of documentation by now IMO. I feel like companies only create detailed documentation and tutorials because its what they've always done. Why should developers have to constantly be searching through online documentation in order to learn how to do things when such information should be intrinsic to the classes, methods and namespaces?

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• an example of schrödinbug?

  - by Pacerier

  This wiki page tells : A schrödinbug is a bug that manifests only after someone reading source code or using the program in an unusual way notices that it never should have worked in the first place, at which point the program promptly stops working for everybody until fixed. The Jargon File adds: "Though... this sounds impossible, it happens; some programs have harbored latent schrödinbugs for years." I've no idea what they are talking about. Can someone provide an example of how it is like (like with a fictional situation)?

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• Long term plan of attack to learn math?

  - by zhenka

  I am a web-developer with a desire to expand my skill-set to mathematics relevant to programming. As 2nd career, I am stuck in college doing some of the requirements while working. I was hoping the my education will teach me the needed skills to apply math, however I am quickly finding it to be too much easily-testable breadth-based approach very inefficient for the time invested. For example in my calculus 2 class, the only remotely useful mind expanding experience I had was volumes and areas under the curve. The rest was just monotonous glorified algebra, which while comes easy to me, could be done by software like wolfram alpha within seconds. This is not my idea of learning math. So here I am a frustrated student looking for a way to improve my understanding of math in a way that focuses on application, understanding and maximally removed needless tedium. However I cannot find a good long term study strategy with this approach in mind. So for those of like mind, how would you go about learning the necessary math without worrying too much about stuff a computer can do much better?

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• What good books are out there on program execution models? [on hold]

  - by murungu

  Can anyone out there name a few books that address the topic of program execution models?? I want a book that can answer questions such as... What is the difference between interpreted and compiled languages and what are the performance consequences at runtime?? What is the difference between lazy evaluation, eager evaluation and short circuit evaluation?? Why would one choose to use one evaluation strategy over another?? How do you simulate lazy evaluation in a language that favours eager evaluation??

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• Should integer divide by zero halt execution?

  - by Pyrolistical

  I know that modern languages handle integer divide by zero as an error just like the hardware does, but what if we could design a whole new language? Ignoring existing hardware, what should a programming language does when an integer divide by zero occurs? Should it return a NaN of type integer? Or should it mirror IEEE 754 float and return +/- Infinity? Or is the existing design choice correct, and an error should be thrown? Is there a language that handles integer divide by zero nicely? EDIT When I said ignore existing hardware, I mean don't assume integer is represented as 32 bits, it can be represented in anyway you can to imagine.

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• Inspecting the model in a Rails application

  - by Matt Sherman

  I am learning some Ruby on Rails, and am a newbie. Most of my background is in ASP.net MVC on the back end. As I play with a basic scaffold project, I wonder about this case: you jump into an established Rails project and want to get to know the model. Based on what I have seen so far (again, simple scaffold), the properties for a given class are not immediately revealed. I don't see property accessors on the model classes. I do understand that this is because of the dynamic nature of Ruby and such things are not necessary or even perhaps desirable. Convention over code, I get that. (Am familiar with dynamic concepts, mostly via JS.) But if I am somewhere off in a view, and want to quickly know whether the (eg) Person object has a MiddleName property, how would I find that out? I don't have to go into the migrations, do I?

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• When to use abstract classes instead of interfaces and extension methods in C#?

  - by Gulshan

  "Abstract class" and "interface" are similar type of ideas, while interface being more abstract. One need of abstract classes was to provide method implementations for the derived classes. But in C#, that need has also been reduced by lately introduced extension methods. So, in C#, when should we use abstract classes instead of using interfaces and extension methods associated with the interface? And now, we can use 'Properties' in interfaces also. A notable example of interface+ extension methods is the Heavily used IEnumerable and it's helper methods. You use Linq and it's all by this extension methods!

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• Conditions for a traditional friends system vs. open following system

  - by Dan

  I'm just curious for everyone who is developing social sites out there. When you build a method for connecting users, do you prefer to use a following-style system (follow me, you can see all of my information and I can just choose to follow you back), or instead do you choose to have a friends-style system (I have to allow you see all of my information on your homepage, even if it is open to the public, vise versa). Why and under what circumstances do you use each? How do you manage privacy between your users? Have you use another way to connect your users? Examples of what methods you've choose and how you manage the user's privacy (private by default vs open to the web) are awesome; it could show correlation and provides an actual look.

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• When should I use static variables with primitive types?

  - by Felipe Cypriano

  Recently I came across the question NSString: Why use static over literal? and in the comments arrived a new question. In Objective-C there some "special" types that are just maps to C primitives. Like the NSInteger. #if __LP64__ || (TARGET_OS_EMBEDDED && !TARGET_OS_IPHONE) || TARGET_OS_WIN32 || NS_BUILD_32_LIKE_64 typedef long NSInteger; #else typedef int NSInteger; #endif I know how to use the static keywords for objects but I don't understand the implications on C primitive types. When should I use a static NSInteger x instead of NSInteger x? What happens with the memory in both cases?

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• Can SAML use saleforce login information to log into another system inside a view?

  - by steve

  I want my sales people, whom use salesforce every day, to be able to view orders in a ecommerce system through a dashboard view in salesforce. The ecom is built and sitting on my web server but the sales reps dont like to log into too many things in one day so they are not using what I built them. I read recently that salesforce can use SAML but it was unclear as to what you can do with it. What I'd like, is to make a new dash board view that will open up the ecom inside of salesforce. The ecom uses a login system but if it is inside of saleforce would SAML automatically log into the ecom?

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• What do I need to develop a PHP extension in lampp?

  - by Fernando Costa

  Actually I'm dealing with a trouble in my system, I have to delivery the system to clients and it was built in PHP, JS, ShellScript and SQL. I would like to encrypt the code or obfuscate it from eyes of others! Then someone from the community told me about build my own PHP extension, it sounds to me as a great idea, since it will not be with the main code of the system. But I have a problem doing this way, if a programmer get in the extensions and find it, all the hard work has gone. Then I'm here to ask again about this matter. What is the best way to hide my Business Logic from third parties? I know that has stuffs like IonCube, Zend Guard, and many others. But I'm looking something that I can build myself. Is PHP extension the right way to follow? Or some Half SaaS system, with dependencies (Business Logic) in a remote server? About the environment OS: Kernel Linux 2.6.37.1-1.2 - LAMPP (Apache 2.2, MySQL 5.5 PHP 5.3.8) In php generally the extension is located at /php/ext/ but in lampp I have no idea where it is, I just found a folder /opt/lampp/lib/php/extensions/ is that right place?

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• Clients with multiple proxy and multithreading callbacks

  - by enzom83

  I created a sessionful web service using WCF, and in particular I used the NetTcpBinding binding. In addition to methods to initiate and terminate a session, other methods allow the client to send to one or more tasks to be performed (the results are returned via callback, so the service is duplex), but they also allow you to know the status of the service. Assuming you activate the same service on multiple endpoints, and assuming that the client knows these endpoints (for example, it could maintain a List of endpoints), the client should connect with one or more replicas of the same service. The client periodically updates the status of the service, so when it needs to perform a new task (the task is submitted by the user via UI), it selects the service currently less loaded and sends the task to it. Periodically, the client also initiates a maintenance procedure in order to disconnect from one or more overloaded service and in order to connect with new services. I created a client proxy using the svcutil tool. I wish each proxy can be used simultaneously by different threads, for example, in addition to the thread that submits the tasks using a proxy, there are also the following two threads which act periodically: a thread that periodically sends a request to the service in order to obtain the updated state; a thread that periodically selects a proxy to close and instantiates a new proxy to replace the closed one. To achieve these objectives, is it sufficient to create an array of proxies and manage their opening and closing in separate threads? I think I read that the proxy method calls are thread safe, so I would not need to perform a lock before requesting updates to the service. However, when the maintenance procedure (which is activated on its own thread) decides to close a proxy, should I perform a lock? Finally, each proxy is also associated with an object that implements the callback interface for the service: are the callbacks (invoked on the client) executed on different threads on the client? I would like to wrap the management of the proxy in one or more classes so that it can then easily manage within a WPF application.

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• CMS vs Admin Panel?

  - by Bob

  Okay, so this probably seems like an unusual, more grammar related question, but I was unsure of what to call it. If you use a software such as vBulletin or MyBB or even Blogger and you're the administrator (or other, lesser position such as moderator) of the forum, or publisher/author of the blog, you generally have access to something of an "admin panel". For example, vBulletin's admin panel looks like this and Blogger's admin panel looks something like this. While they both look different and do different things, the goal is fundamentally the same: to provide the user with a method for adding, modifying, or deleting content... to let them control and administrate their forum or blog. Also, they're both made specifically by the company for use in a specific product. Now, there's also options like Drupal. It seems to offer quite a bit more and be quite a bit more generalized. How does something like this work? If you were freelancing, would you deploy a website with Drupal, or would it be something the client might already have installed on their own server? I've never really used Drupal, only heard about it, so please let me know. Also, there seems to be other options like cPanel, a sort of global CMS that allows you to administrate over your entire website. How do those work in comparison to Drupal, or the administrative panels with vBulletin? They seem to serve related, but different purposes. Basically, what is the norm? If I'm developing a web application for a group that needs to be able to edit their website without the need to go into the code or the database (or rather, wants to act in a graphical, easy-to-use content-management/admin panel), would it also be necessary to write my own miniature admin panel? Or would I be able to send them off knowing that they have cPanel? Or could something like Drupal fill this void? Again, I'm a little new to web development, and I'm working on planning out my first, real, large website. So I need a little advice on the standards and expectations for web development - security and coding practices aside, what should I be looking for as far as usability and administration for the client (who will be running the site once I'm done creating the website)? Any extra tips would also be appreciated! Oh, and just a little bit: I'm writing the website using Ruby on the Sinatra framework (both Ruby and Sinatra are things I'm fairly comfortable with) and I'm not being paid to make the website (and I will also be a user, and one of the three administrators of the website) - it's being built for a club I'm in.

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• How to get initial API right using TDD?

  - by Vytautas Mackonis

  This might be a rather silly question as I am at my first attempts at TDD. I loved the sense of confidence it brings and generally better structure of my code but when I started to apply it on something bigger than one-class toy examples, I ran into difficulties. Suppose, you are writing a library of sorts. You know what it has to do, you know a general way of how it is supposed to be implemented (architecture wise), but you keep "discovering" that you need to make changes to your public API as you code. Perhaps you need to transform this private method into strategy pattern (and now need to pass a mocked strategy in your tests), perhaps you misplaced a responsibility here and there and split an existing class. When you are improving upon existing code, TDD seems a really good fit, but when you are writing everything from scratch, the API you write tests for is a bit "blurry" unless you do a big design up front. What do you do when you already have 30 tests on the method that had its signature (and for that part, behavior) changed? That is a lot of tests to change once they add up.

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• Building a Redundant / Distrubuted Application

  - by MattW

  This is more of a "point me in the right direction" question. I (and my team of 3) have built a hosted web app that queues and routes customer chat requests to available customer service agents (It does other things as well, but this is enough background to illustrate the issue). The basic dev architecture today is: a single page ajax web UI (ASP.NET MVC) with floating chat windows (think Gmail) a backend Windows service to queue and route the chat requests this service also logs the chats, calculates service levels, etc a Comet server product that routes data between the web frontend and the backend Windows service this also helps us detect which Agents are still connected (online) And our hardware architecture today is: 2 servers to host the web UI portion of the application a load balancer to route requests to the 2 different web app servers a third server to host the SQL Server DB and the backend Windows service responsible for queuing / delivering chats So as it stands today, one of the web app servers could go down and we would be ok. However, if something would happen to the SQL Server / Windows Service server we would be boned. My question - how can I make this backend Windows service logic be able to be spread across multiple machines (distributed)? The Windows service is written to accept requests from the Comet server, check for available Agents, and route the chat to those agents. How can I make this more distributed? How can I make it so that I can distribute the work of the backend Windows service can be spread across multiple machines for redundancy and uptime purposes? Will I need to re-write it with distributed computing in mind? I should also note that I am hosting all of this on Rackspace Cloud instances - so maybe it is something I should be less concerned about? Thanks in advance for any help!

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• Learning about security and finding exploits

  - by Jayraj

  First things first: I have absolutely no interest in learning how to crack systems for personal enrichment, hurting other people or doing anything remotely malicious. I understand the basis of many exploits (XSS, SQL injection, use after free etc.), though I've never performed any myself. I even have some idea about how to guard web applications from common exploits (like the aforementioned XSS and SQL injection) Reading this question about the Internet Explorer zero-day vulnerability from the Security SE piqued my curiosity and made me wonder: how did someone even find out about this exploit? What tools did they use? How did they know what to look for? I'm wary about visiting hacker dens online for fear of getting my own system infected (the Defcon stories make me paranoid). So what's a good, safe place to start learning?

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• Language parsing to find important words

  - by Matt Huggins

  I'm looking for some input and theory on how to approach a lexical topic. Let's say I have a collection of strings, which may just be one sentence or potentially multiple sentences. I'd like to parse these strings to and rip out the most important words, perhaps with a score that denotes how likely the word is to be important. Let's look at a few examples of what I mean. Example #1: "I really want a Keurig, but I can't afford one!" This is a very basic example, just one sentence. As a human, I can easily see that "Keurig" is the most important word here. Also, "afford" is relatively important, though it's clearly not the primary point of the sentence. The word "I" appears twice, but it is not important at all since it doesn't really tell us any information. I might expect to see a hash of word/scores something like this: "Keurig" => 0.9 "afford" => 0.4 "want" => 0.2 "really" => 0.1 etc... Example #2: "Just had one of the best swimming practices of my life. Hopefully I can maintain my times come the competition. If only I had remembered to take of my non-waterproof watch." This example has multiple sentences, so there will be more important words throughout. Without repeating the point exercise from example #1, I would probably expect to see two or three really important words come out of this: "swimming" (or "swimming practice"), "competition", & "watch" (or "waterproof watch" or "non-waterproof watch" depending on how the hyphen is handled). Given a couple examples like this, how would you go about doing something similar? Are there any existing (open source) libraries or algorithms in programming that already do this?

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• What is a business problem?

  - by Juha Untinen

  Can you give an example or two of what a business problem is? I hear this word thrown around a lot, but even after searching, I cannot find a clear answer. Especially when it comes to software development. Are any of these classified as a business problem? Convert invoice from format A to format B Send data from Company A database to Company B database Create a program for time reporting Make the financial software retrieve data faster Generate a weekly data transfer volume statistic Or is a business problem something else?

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• Is it typical for a provider of a web services to also provide client libraries?

  - by HDave

  My company is building a corporate Java web-app and we are leaning towards using GWT-RPC as the client-server protocol for performance reasons. However, in the future, we will need to provide an API for other enterprise systems to access our data as well. For this, we were thinking of a SOAP based web service. In my experience it is common for commercial providers of enterprise web applications to provide client libraries (Java, .NET, C#, etc.). Is this generally the case? I ask because if so, then why bother using SOAP or REST or any standard web services protocol at all? Why not just create a client libraries that communicate via GWT-RPC?

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• Educational, well-written FOSS projects to read, study or discuss

  - by Godot

  Before you say it: yes, this "question" has been asked other times. However, I could not fine many of such questions and not that easily, and those I found had similar results. What I'm trying to say that there are no comprehensive lists of well written Open Source projects, so I decided to set some requirements for the entries (one or possibly more): Idiomatic use of the language in which they are written The project should be lightweight. Not as in "a few kbs", as in "clean" and possibly following the UNIX philosophy, making an efficient use of resources and performing its duty and nothing more. No code bloat, most importantly. Projects like Firefox and GNOME wouldn't qualify, for example. Minimal reliance on external, non-standard libraries, with exceptions for some common FOSS libraries (curses, Xlib, OpenGL and possibly "usual suspects" like gtk+, webkit and Boost). Reliance on well-written libraries is welcome. No reliance on proprietary software - for obvious reasons (programs that rely on XNA, DirectX, Cocoa and similar, for example). Well-documented code is welcome. Include link to web interfaces to their repositories if possible. Here are some sample projects that often pop up in these threads: Operating Systems Plan 9 from Bell Labs: More or less, the official "sequel" to UNIX. Written in C by the same people who invented C! NetBSD: The most portable BSD implementation, written in C and also a good example of portable and organized code. Network and Databases Sqlite: Extremely lightweight and extremely efficient, one of the best pieces of C software I've seen. Count the lines yourself! Lighttpd: A small but pretty reliable web server written in C. Programming languages and VMs Lua: extremely lightweight multi-paradigm programming language. Written in C. Tiny C Compiler: Really tiny C compiler. Not really comparable to GCC or Clang but does its job. PyPy: A Python implementation written in Python. Pharo: OK, I admit it, I'm not really a Smalltalk expert but Pharo is a fork of Squeak and looked rather interesting. Stackless Python - An implementation of Python that doesn't rely on the C call stack - written in C (with some parts in Python) Games and 3D: Angband: One of the most accessible roguelike codebases around here, written in C. Ogre3D: Cross-platform 3D engine. Gets bloated if you don't skip the platform-specific implementation code, otherwise is a pretty solid example of good C++ OO. Simon Tatham's Portable Puzzle Collection: Title says it all. Other - dwm: Lightweight window manager. Written in C. Emulation and Reverse Engineering - Bochs: x86 emulator, written in C++ and tiny enough. - MAME: If you want to see C at one of its lowest levels, MAME is for you. May not be as clean as the other projects but it can teach you A LOT. Before you ask: I didn't mention Linux because it has become quite bloated in the last few years, Linus has also confirmed it. Nonetheless, it'd be a great educational read the same, even if for other reasons. Same for GCC. Feel free to edit or wikify my post. I hope you won't lock my question, I'm only trying to organize a little community effort for the good of all those people who want to enhance their coding skills.

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• Formal definition for term "pure OO language"?

  - by Yauhen Yakimovich

  I can't think of a better place among SO siblings to pose such a question. Originally I wanted to ask "Is python a pure OO language?" but considering troubles and some sort of discomfort people experience while trying to define the term I decided to start with obtaining a clear definition for the term itself. It would be rather fair to start with correspondence by Dr. Alan Kay, who has coined the term (note the inspiration in biological analogy to cells or other living objects). There are following ways to approach the task: Give a comparative analysis by listing programming languages that exhibits certain properties unique and sufficient to define the term (although Smalltalk and Java are passing examples but IMO this way seems neither really complete or nor fruitful) Give a formal definition (or close to it, e.g. in more academic or mathematical style). Give a philosophical definition that would totally rely on semantical context of concrete language or a priori programming experience (there must be some chance of successful explanation by the community). My current version: "If a certain programing (formal) language that can (grammatically) differentiate between operations and operands as well as infer about the type of each operand whether this type is an object (in sense of OOP) or not then we call such a language an OO-language as long as there is at least one type in this language which is an object. Finally, if all types of the language are also objects we define such language to be pure OO-language." Would appreciate any possible improvement of it. As you can see I just made the definition dependent on the term "object" (often fully referenced as class of objects).

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• Lending epub files for limited time to users

  - by JP Hellemons

  I am looking for components to build a digital library who lends people epub (ebooks) for about a week. It's like a digital version of the offline old public library. Now I have found several flash (pdf) file streaming solutions. But that would require an active internet link. And like the public library, you are able to take your books to the beach or pool on holiday abroad where you have no connection. So streaming is no option. The other file restriction method I have found was DRM, but that would require a really expensive license of Adobe Content Server 4 which is not suitable for my little hobby project. But it seems that adobe content server and Adobe Digital Editions is the only option at the moment. Or are there open source alternatives?

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