python image library - Page 197

Dont understand Python Method

- by user836087

I dont understand what is going on in the move method. I am taking the AI course from Udacity.com. The video location is: http://www.udacity.com/view#Course/cs373/CourseRev/apr2012/Unit/512001/Nugget/480015 Below is the code I dont get, its not working as shown in the video .. The answer I should be getting according to Udacity is [0, 0, 1, 0, 0] Here is what I get [] p=[0, 1, 0, 0, 0] def move(p, U): q = [] for i in range(len(p)): q.append(p[(i-U) % len(p)]) return q print move(p, 1)

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Mocking ImportError in Python

- by Attila Oláh

I'm trying this for almost two hours now, without any luck. I have a module that looks like this: try: from zope.cpomonent import queryUtility # and things like this except ImportError: # do some fallback operations <-- how to test this? Later in the code: try: queryUtility(foo) except NameError: # do some fallback actions <-- this one is easy with mocking # zope.component.queryUtility to raise a NameError Any ideas?

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JAVA image transfer problem

- by user579098

Hi, I have a school assignment, to send a jpg image,split it into groups of 100 bytes, corrupt it, use a CRC check to locate the errors and re-transmit until it eventually is built back into its original form. It's practically ready, however when I check out the new images, they appear with errors.. I would really appreciate if someone could look at my code below and maybe locate this logical mistake as I can't understand what the problem is because everything looks ok :S For the file with all the data needed including photos and error patterns one could download it from this link:http://rapidshare.com/#!download|932tl2|443122762|Data.zip|739 Thanks in advance, Stefan p.s dont forget to change the paths in the code for the image and error files package networks; import java.io.*; // for file reader import java.util.zip.CRC32; // CRC32 IEEE (Ethernet) public class Main { /** * Reads a whole file into an array of bytes. * @param file The file in question. * @return Array of bytes containing file data. * @throws IOException Message contains why it failed. */ public static byte[] readFileArray(File file) throws IOException { InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file); byte[] data=new byte[(int)file.length()]; is.read(data); is.close(); return data; } /** * Writes (or overwrites if exists) a file with data from an array of bytes. * @param file The file in question. * @param data Array of bytes containing the new file data. * @throws IOException Message contains why it failed. */ public static void writeFileArray(File file, byte[] data) throws IOException { OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file,false); os.write(data); os.close(); } /** * Converts a long value to an array of bytes. * @param data The target variable. * @return Byte array conversion of data. * @see http://www.daniweb.com/code/snippet216874.html */ public static byte[] toByta(long data) { return new byte[] { (byte)((data >> 56) & 0xff), (byte)((data >> 48) & 0xff), (byte)((data >> 40) & 0xff), (byte)((data >> 32) & 0xff), (byte)((data >> 24) & 0xff), (byte)((data >> 16) & 0xff), (byte)((data >> 8) & 0xff), (byte)((data >> 0) & 0xff), }; } /** * Converts a an array of bytes to long value. * @param data The target variable. * @return Long value conversion of data. * @see http://www.daniweb.com/code/snippet216874.html */ public static long toLong(byte[] data) { if (data == null || data.length != 8) return 0x0; return (long)( // (Below) convert to longs before shift because digits // are lost with ints beyond the 32-bit limit (long)(0xff & data[0]) << 56 | (long)(0xff & data[1]) << 48 | (long)(0xff & data[2]) << 40 | (long)(0xff & data[3]) << 32 | (long)(0xff & data[4]) << 24 | (long)(0xff & data[5]) << 16 | (long)(0xff & data[6]) << 8 | (long)(0xff & data[7]) << 0 ); } public static byte[] nextNoise(){ byte[] result=new byte[100]; // copy a frame's worth of data (or remaining data if it is less than frame length) int read=Math.min(err_data.length-err_pstn, 100); System.arraycopy(err_data, err_pstn, result, 0, read); // if read data is less than frame length, reset position and add remaining data if(read<100){ err_pstn=100-read; System.arraycopy(err_data, 0, result, read, err_pstn); }else // otherwise, increase position err_pstn+=100; // return noise segment return result; } /** * Given some original data, it is purposefully corrupted according to a * second data array (which is read from a file). In pseudocode: * corrupt = original xor corruptor * @param data The original data. * @return The new (corrupted) data. */ public static byte[] corruptData(byte[] data){ // get the next noise sequence byte[] noise = nextNoise(); // finally, xor data with noise and return result for(int i=0; i<100; i++)data[i]^=noise[i]; return data; } /** * Given an array of data, a packet is created. In pseudocode: * frame = corrupt(data) + crc(data) * @param data The original frame data. * @return The resulting frame data. */ public static byte[] buildFrame(byte[] data){ // pack = [data]+crc32([data]) byte[] hash = new byte[8]; // calculate crc32 of data and copy it to byte array CRC32 crc = new CRC32(); crc.update(data); hash=toByta(crc.getValue()); // create a byte array holding the final packet byte[] pack = new byte[data.length+hash.length]; // create the corrupted data byte[] crpt = new byte[data.length]; crpt = corruptData(data); // copy corrupted data into pack System.arraycopy(crpt, 0, pack, 0, crpt.length); // copy hash into pack System.arraycopy(hash, 0, pack, data.length, hash.length); // return pack return pack; } /** * Verifies frame contents. * @param frame The frame data (data+crc32). * @return True if frame is valid, false otherwise. */ public static boolean verifyFrame(byte[] frame){ // allocate hash and data variables byte[] hash=new byte[8]; byte[] data=new byte[frame.length-hash.length]; // read frame into hash and data variables System.arraycopy(frame, frame.length-hash.length, hash, 0, hash.length); System.arraycopy(frame, 0, data, 0, frame.length-hash.length); // get crc32 of data CRC32 crc = new CRC32(); crc.update(data); // compare crc32 of data with crc32 of frame return crc.getValue()==toLong(hash); } /** * Transfers a file through a channel in frames and reconstructs it into a new file. * @param jpg_file File name of target file to transfer. * @param err_file The channel noise file used to simulate corruption. * @param out_file The name of the newly-created file. * @throws IOException */ public static void transferFile(String jpg_file, String err_file, String out_file) throws IOException { // read file data into global variables jpg_data = readFileArray(new File(jpg_file)); err_data = readFileArray(new File(err_file)); err_pstn = 0; // variable that will hold the final (transfered) data byte[] out_data = new byte[jpg_data.length]; // holds the current frame data byte[] frame_orig = new byte[100]; byte[] frame_sent = new byte[100]; // send file in chunks (frames) of 100 bytes for(int i=0; i<Math.ceil(jpg_data.length/100); i++){ // copy jpg data into frame and init first-time switch System.arraycopy(jpg_data, i*100, frame_orig, 0, 100); boolean not_first=false; System.out.print("Packet #"+i+": "); // repeat getting same frame until frame crc matches with frame content do { if(not_first)System.out.print("F"); frame_sent=buildFrame(frame_orig); not_first=true; }while(!verifyFrame(frame_sent)); // usually, you'd constrain this by time to prevent infinite loops (in // case the channel is so wacked up it doesn't get a single packet right) // copy frame to image file System.out.println("S"); System.arraycopy(frame_sent, 0, out_data, i*100, 100); } System.out.println("\nDone."); writeFileArray(new File(out_file),out_data); } // global variables for file data and pointer public static byte[] jpg_data; public static byte[] err_data; public static int err_pstn=0; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { // list of jpg files String[] jpg_file={ "C:\\Users\\Stefan\\Desktop\\Data\\Images\\photo1.jpg", "C:\\Users\\Stefan\\Desktop\\Data\\Images\\photo2.jpg", "C:\\Users\\Stefan\\Desktop\\Data\\Images\\photo3.jpg", "C:\\Users\\Stefan\\Desktop\\Data\\Images\\photo4.jpg" }; // list of error patterns String[] err_file={ "C:\\Users\\Stefan\\Desktop\\Data\\Error Pattern\\Error Pattern 1.DAT", "C:\\Users\\Stefan\\Desktop\\Data\\Error Pattern\\Error Pattern 2.DAT", "C:\\Users\\Stefan\\Desktop\\Data\\Error Pattern\\Error Pattern 3.DAT", "C:\\Users\\Stefan\\Desktop\\Data\\Error Pattern\\Error Pattern 4.DAT" }; // loop through all jpg/channel combinations and run tests for(int x=0; x<jpg_file.length; x++){ for(int y=0; y<err_file.length; y++){ System.out.println("Transfering photo"+(x+1)+".jpg using Pattern "+(y+1)+"..."); transferFile(jpg_file[x],err_file[y],jpg_file[x].replace("photo","CH#"+y+"_photo")); } } } }

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Simple Prime Generator in Python

- by marc lincoln

Hi, could someone please tell me what I'm doing wrong with this code. It is just printing 'count' anyway. I just want a very simple prime generator (nothing fancy). Thanks a lot. lincoln. import math def main(): count = 3 one = 1 while one == 1: for x in range(2, int(math.sqrt(count) + 1)): if count % x == 0: continue if count % x != 0: print count count += 1

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python MySQLdb got invalid syntax when trying to INSERT INTO table

- by Michelle Jun Lee

## COMMENT OUT below just for reference "" cursor.execute (""" CREATE TABLE yellowpages ( business_id BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, categories_name VARCHAR(255), business_name VARCHAR(500) NOT NULL, business_address1 VARCHAR(500), business_city VARCHAR(255), business_state VARCHAR(255), business_zipcode VARCHAR(255), phone_number1 VARCHAR(255), website1 VARCHAR(1000), website2 VARCHAR(1000), created_date datetime, modified_date datetime, PRIMARY KEY(business_id) ) """) "" ## TOP COMMENT OUT (just for reference) ## code website1g = "http://www.triman.com" business_nameg = "Triman Sales Inc" business_address1g = "510 E Airline Way" business_cityg = "Gardena" business_stateg = "CA" business_zipcodeg = "90248" phone_number1g = "(310) 323-5410" phone_number2g = "" website2g = "" cursor.execute (""" INSERT INTO yellowpages(categories_name, business_name, business_address1, business_city, business_state, business_zipcode, phone_number1, website1, website2) VALUES ('%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s') """, (''gas-stations'', business_nameg, business_address1g, business_cityg, business_stateg, business_zipcodeg, phone_number1g, website1g, website2g)) cursor.close() conn.close() I keep getting this error File "testdb.py", line 51 """, (''gas-stations'', business_nameg, business_address1g, business_cityg, business_stateg, business_zipcodeg, phone_number1g, website1g, website2g)) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax any idea why? By the way, the up arrow is pointing to website1g (the b character) . Thanks for the help in advance

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Precomputed Kernels with LibSVM in Python

- by Lyyli

I've been searching the net for ~3 hours but I couldn't find a solution yet. I want to give a precomputed kernel to libsvm and classify a dataset, but: How can I generate a precomputed kernel? (for example, what is the basic precomputed kernel for Iris data?) In the libsvm documentation, it is stated that: For precomputed kernels, the first element of each instance must be the ID. For example, samples = [[1, 0, 0, 0, 0], [2, 0, 1, 0, 1], [3, 0, 0, 1, 1], [4, 0, 1, 1, 2]] problem = svm_problem(labels, samples) param = svm_parameter(kernel_type=PRECOMPUTED) What is a ID? There's no further details on that. Can I assign ID's sequentially? Any libsvm help and an example of precomputed kernels really appreciated.

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Python 3: unpack inner lists in list comprehension

- by Beau Martínez

I'm running the following code on a list of strings to return a list of its words: words = [re.split('\\s+', line) for line in lines] However, I end up getting something like: [['import', 're', ''], ['', ''], ['def', 'word_count(filename):', ''], ...] As opposed to the desired: ['import', 're', '', '', '', 'def', 'word_count(filename):', '', ...] How can I unpack the lists re.split('\\s+', line) produces in the above list comprehension? Naïvely, I tried using * but that doesn't work. (I'm looking for a simple and Pythonic way of doing; I was tempted to write a function but I'm sure the language accommodates for this issue.)

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BDB Python Interface Error when Reading BDB

- by biznez

bsddb.db.DBInvalidArgError: (22, 'Invalid argument -- /dbs/supermodels.db: unexpected file type or format') Is this error a result of incompatible BDB versions (1.85 or 3+)? If so, how do I check the versions, trouble-shoot and solve this error?

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Any Naive Bayesian Classifier in python?

- by asldkncvas

Dear Everyone I have tried the Orange Framework for Naive Bayesian classification. The methods are extremely unintuitive, and the documentation is extremely unorganized. Does anyone here have another framework to recommend? I use mostly NaiveBayesian for now. I was thinking of using nltk's NaiveClassification but then they don't think they can handle continuous variables. What are my options?

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Forwarding an email with python smtplib

- by robbles

I'm trying to put together a script that automatically forwards certain emails that match a specific criteria to another email. I've got the downloading and parsing of messages using imaplib and email working, but I can't figure out how to forward an entire email to another address. Do I need to build a new message from scratch, or can I somehow modify the old one and re-send it? Here's what I have so far (client is an imaplib.IMAP4 connection, and id is a message ID): status, data = client.fetch(id, '(RFC822)') email_body = data[0][1] mail = email.message_from_string(email_body) # ...Process message... # This doesn't work forward = email.message.Message() forward.set_payload(mail.get_payload()) forward['From'] = '[email protected]' forward['To'] = '[email protected]' smtp.sendmail(user, ['[email protected]'], forward.as_string()) I'm sure there's something slightly more complicated I need to be doing with regard to the MIME content of the message. Surely there's some simple way of just forwarding the entire message though? # This doesn't work either, it just freezes...? mail['From'] = '[email protected]' mail['To'] = '[email protected]' smtp.sendmail(user, ['[email protected]'], mail.as_string())

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python: subclass a metaclass

- by Michael Konietzny

Hello, for putting methods of various classes into a global registry I'm using a decorator with a metaclass. The decorator tags, the metaclass puts the function in the registry: class ExposedMethod (object): def __init__(self, decoratedFunction): self._decoratedFunction = decoratedFunction def __call__(__self,*__args,**__kw): return __self._decoratedFunction(*__args,**__kw) class ExposedMethodDecoratorMetaclass(type): def __new__(mcs, name, bases, dct): for obj_name, obj in dct.iteritems(): if isinstance(obj, ExposedMethod): WorkerFunctionRegistry.addWorkerToWorkerFunction(obj_name, name) return type.__new__(mcs, name, bases, dct) class MyClass (object): __metaclass__ = DiscoveryExposedMethodDecoratorMetaclass @ExposeDiscoveryMethod def myCoolExposedMethod (self): pass I've now came to the point where two function registries are needed. The first thought was to subclass the metaclass and put the other registry in. For that the new method has simply to be rewritten. Since rewriting means redundant code this is not what I really want. So, it would be nice if anyone could name a way how to put an attribute inside of the metaclass which is able to be read when new is executed. With that the right registry could be put in without having to rewrite new. Thanks and Greetings, Michael

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Handle incorrect user/password repoze.who gracefully in Python/Pylons

- by Timmy

im using FriendlyFormPlugin, but would like to retrieve the username that was input as part of the request.params, but its no longer there when i check. this way i can set the default for username if the password is incorrect. thanks

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Python sorting list of dictionaries by multiple keys

- by simi

I have a list of dicts: b = [{u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Utley, Alex', u'Total_Points': 96.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Russo, Brandon', u'Total_Points': 96.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Chappell, Justin', u'Total_Points': 96.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Foster, Toney', u'Total_Points': 80.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Lawson, Roman', u'Total_Points': 80.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Lempke, Sam', u'Total_Points': 80.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Gnezda, Alex', u'Total_Points': 78.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Kirks, Damien', u'Total_Points': 78.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Worden, Tom', u'Total_Points': 78.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Korecz, Mike', u'Total_Points': 78.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Swartz, Brian', u'Total_Points': 66.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Burgess, Randy', u'Total_Points': 66.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Smugala, Ryan', u'Total_Points': 66.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Harmon, Gary', u'Total_Points': 66.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Blasinsky, Scott', u'Total_Points': 60.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Carter III, Laymon', u'Total_Points': 60.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Coleman, Johnathan', u'Total_Points': 60.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Venditti, Nick', u'Total_Points': 60.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Blackwell, Devon', u'Total_Points': 60.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Kovach, Alex', u'Total_Points': 60.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Bolden, Antonio', u'Total_Points': 60.0}, {u'TOT_PTS_Misc': u'Smith, Ryan', u'Total_Points': 60.0}] and I need to use a multi key sort reversed by Total_Points, then not reversed by TOT_PTS_Misc. This can be done at the command prompt like so: a = sorted(b, key=lambda d: (-d['Total_Points'], d['TOT_PTS_Misc'])) But I have to run this through a function, where I pass in the list and the sort keys. For example, def multikeysort(dict_list, sortkeys):. How can the lambda line be used which will sort the list, for an arbitrary number of keys that are passed in to the multikeysort function, and take into consideration that the sortkeys may have any number of keys and those that need reversed sorts will be identified with a '-' before it?

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Convert sqlalchemy row object to python dict

- by Anurag Uniyal

or a simple way to iterate over columnName, value pairs? My version of sqlalchemy is 0.5.6 Here is the sample code where I tried using dict(row), but it throws exception , TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable import sqlalchemy from sqlalchemy import * from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker print "sqlalchemy version:",sqlalchemy.__version__ engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False) metadata = MetaData() users_table = Table('users', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String), ) metadata.create_all(engine) class User(declarative_base()): __tablename__ = 'users' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String) def __init__(self, name): self.name = name Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) session = Session() user1 = User("anurag") session.add(user1) session.commit() # uncommenting next line throws exception 'TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable' #print dict(user1) # this one also throws 'TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable' for u in session.query(User).all(): print dict(u) Running this code on my system outputs: sqlalchemy version: 0.5.6 Traceback (most recent call last): File "untitled-1.py", line 37, in <module> print dict(u) TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable

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Splitting a filename into words and numbers in Python

- by danspants

The following code splits a string into a list of words but does not include numbers: txt="there_once was,a-monkey.called phillip?09.txt" sep=re.compile(r"[\s\.,-_\?]+") sep.split(txt) ['there', 'once', 'was', 'a', 'monkey', 'called', 'phillip', 'txt'] This code gives me words and numbers but still includes "_" as a valid character: re.findall(r"\w+|\d+",txt) ['there_once', 'was', 'a', 'monkey', 'called', 'phillip', '09', 'txt'] What do I need to alter in either piece of code to end up with the desired result of: ['there', 'once', 'was', 'a', 'monkey', 'called', 'phillip', '09', 'txt']

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Python 3 with the range function

- by Leif Andersen

I can type in the following code in the terminal, and it works: for i in range(5): print(i) And it will print: 0 1 2 3 4 as expected. However, I tried to write a script that does a similar thing: print(current_chunk.data) read_chunk(file, current_chunk) numVerts, numFaces, numEdges = current_chunk.data print(current_chunk.data) print(numVerts) for vertex in range(numVerts): print("Hello World") current_chunk.data is gained from the following method: def read_chunk(file, chunk): line = file.readline() while line.startswith('#'): line = file.readline() chunk.data = line.split() The output for this is: ['OFF'] ['490', '518', '0'] 490 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/leif/src/install/linux2/.blender/scripts/io/import_scene_off.py", line 88, in execute load_off(self.properties.path, context) File "/home/leif/src/install/linux2/.blender/scripts/io/import_scene_off.py", line 68, in load_off for vertex in range(numVerts): TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer So, why isn't it spitting out Hello World 490 times? Or is the 490 being thought of as a string? I opened the file like this: def load_off(filename, context): file = open(filename, 'r')

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Testing if a list contains another list with Python

- by None

How can I test if a list contains another list. Say there was a function called contains: contains([1,2], [-1, 0, 1, 2]) # Returns [2, 3] (contains returns [start, end]) contains([1,3], [-1, 0, 1, 2]) # Returns False contains([1, 2], [[1, 2], 3) # Returns False contains([[1, 2]], [[1, 2], 3]) # Returns [0, 0] Edit: contains([2, 1], [-1, 0, 1, 2]) # Returns False contains([-1, 1, 2], [-1, 0, 1, 2]) # Returns False contains([0, 1, 2], [-1, 0, 1, 2]) # Returns [1, 3]

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What exactly are tuples in Python?

- by Sergio Tapia

I'm following a couple of Pythone exercises and I'm stumped at this one. # C. sort_last # Given a list of non-empty tuples, return a list sorted in increasing # order by the last element in each tuple. # e.g. [(1, 7), (1, 3), (3, 4, 5), (2, 2)] yields # [(2, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4, 5), (1, 7)] # Hint: use a custom key= function to extract the last element form each tuple. def sort_last(tuples): # +++your code here+++ return What is a Tuple? Do they mean a List of Lists?

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Python beginner having trouble running code

- by Protean

For some reason this code will not seem to run in the interpreter. When I hit F5 nothing happens, not even the debugger seems to recognize it. I assume it has something to do with the class, as when removed the interpreter seems to recognize the rest of the code. Please tell me what I am doing wrong. Edit: I have restarted the interpreter multiple times, any other piece of code I try to load runs fine, just this one is having trouble. print ('Why won't this work?') class sorting_class: def __init__(self): self.order = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] self.globali = 0 self.orderi = 0 self.sortedlist = [] def sort(self, array): carry, leave = [] for arrayi in array: print ('run', arrayi) if self.order[self.orderi] == arrayi[self.globali]: carry.append(arrayi) else: if self.globali != 0: leave.append(arrayi) return carry, leave def srt(self, array): globalii = 0 carry, leave = my.sort(array) while len(self.sortedlist) != len(array): if len(self.carry) == 1: self.sortedlist.append(carry) arrayt = leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi = 0 carry, leave = my.sort(arrayt) elif len(self.carry) == 0: if len(self.leave) != 0: arrayt = leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi += 1 my.sort(arrayt) else: self.arrayt globalii += 1 self.orderi = globalii self.globali = 0 my.sort(arrayt) self.orderi = 0 else: arrayt = carry carry = [] self.globali += 1 carry, leave += my.sort(arrayt) my = sorting_class() x = ['ac', 'bc' ,'ab', 'da'] my.srt(x)

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Memory efficient import many data files into panda DataFrame in Python

- by richardh

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limits of number of files in a single directory in unix/linux using Python

- by user248237

is it bad to output many files to the same directory in unix/linux? I run thousands of jobs on a cluster and each outputs a file, to one directory. The upper bound here is around ~50,000 files. Can IO be limited in speed in light of this? If so, does the problem go away with a nested directory structure? Thanks.

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Python sudoku programming

- by trevor

I need your help on this. I have this program and I must finish it. It's missing 3 parts. Here is the program I'm working with: import copy def display(A): if A: for i in range(9): for j in range(9): if type(A[i][j]) == type([]): print A[i][j][0], else: print A[i][j], print print else: print A def has_conflict(A): for i in range(9): for j in range(9): for (x,y) in get_neighbors(i,j): if len(A[i][j])==1 and A[i][j]==A[x][y]: return True return False # HERE ARE THE PARTS THAT REQUIRE HELP!!!! def get_neighbors(x,y): return [] def update(A, i, j, value): return [] def solve(A): return [] # ENDS PARTS THAT REQUIRE HELP!!!! A = [] infile = open('puzzle1.txt', 'r') for i in range(9): A += [[]] for j in range(9): num = int(infile.read(2)) if num: A[i] += [[num]] else: A[i] += [[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]] for i in range(9): for j in range(9): if len(A[i][j])==1: A = update(A, i,j, A[i][j][0]) if A==[]: break if A==[]: break if A<>[]: A = solve(A) display(A) I need to solve the stuff formerly in bold letters, now explicitly marked in the code, specifically - get_neighbors(): - update(): - solve(): Thank you for your time and help.

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Can't set up image upload in Django

- by culebrón

I can't understand what's not working here: 1) settings MEDIA_ROOT = '/var/www/satel/media' MEDIA_URL = 'http://media.satel.culebron' ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/media/' 2) models class Photo(models.Model): id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length = 200) desc = models.TextField(max_length = 1000) img = models.ImageField(upload_to = 'upload') 3) access rights: drwxr-xrwx 3 culebron culebron 4.0K 2010-04-14 21:13 media drwxr-xrwx 2 culebron culebron 4.0K 2010-04-14 19:04 upload 4) SQL: CREATE TABLE "photos_photo" ( "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "name" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "desc" text NOT NULL, "img" varchar(100) NOT NULL ); 4) run Django test server as myself. 5) result: SuspiciousOperation at /admin/photos/author/add/ Attempted access to '/var/www/satel/upload/OpenStreetMap.png' denied. Not a PIL & jpeg issue, seems not to be access rights issue. But what's wrong?

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Testing Python Decorators?

- by Jama22

I'm writing some unit tests for a Django project, and I was wondering if its possible (or necessary?) to test some of the decorators that I wrote for it. Here is an example of a decorator that I wrote: class login_required(object): def __init__(self, f): self.f = f def __call__(self, *args): request = args[0] if request.user and request.user.is_authenticated(): return self.f(*args) return redirect('/login')

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Python Permutation Program Flow help

- by dsaccount1

Hello world, i found this code at activestate, it takes a string and prints permutations of the string. I understand that its a recursive function but i dont really understand how it works, it'd be great if someone could walk me through the program flow, thanks a bunch! <pre><code> import sys def printList(alist, blist=[]): if not len(alist): print ''.join(blist) for i in range(len(alist)): blist.append(alist.pop(i)) printList(alist, blist) alist.insert(i, blist.pop()) if name == 'main': k='love' if len(sys.argv)1: k = sys.argv[1] printList(list(k))

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