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  • AngularJS on top of ASP.NET: Moving the MVC framework out to the browser

    - by Varun Chatterji
    Heavily drawing inspiration from Ruby on Rails, MVC4’s convention over configuration model of development soon became the Holy Grail of .NET web development. The MVC model brought with it the goodness of proper separation of concerns between business logic, data, and the presentation logic. However, the MVC paradigm, was still one in which server side .NET code could be mixed with presentation code. The Razor templating engine, though cleaner than its predecessors, still encouraged and allowed you to mix .NET server side code with presentation logic. Thus, for example, if the developer required a certain <div> tag to be shown if a particular variable ShowDiv was true in the View’s model, the code could look like the following: Fig 1: To show a div or not. Server side .NET code is used in the View Mixing .NET code with HTML in views can soon get very messy. Wouldn’t it be nice if the presentation layer (HTML) could be pure HTML? Also, in the ASP.NET MVC model, some of the business logic invariably resides in the controller. It is tempting to use an anti­pattern like the one shown above to control whether a div should be shown or not. However, best practice would indicate that the Controller should not be aware of the div. The ShowDiv variable in the model should not exist. A controller should ideally, only be used to do the plumbing of getting the data populated in the model and nothing else. The view (ideally pure HTML) should render the presentation layer based on the model. In this article we will see how Angular JS, a new JavaScript framework by Google can be used effectively to build web applications where: 1. Views are pure HTML 2. Controllers (in the server sense) are pure REST based API calls 3. The presentation layer is loaded as needed from partial HTML only files. What is MVVM? MVVM short for Model View View Model is a new paradigm in web development. In this paradigm, the Model and View stuff exists on the client side through javascript instead of being processed on the server through postbacks. These frameworks are JavaScript frameworks that facilitate the clear separation of the “frontend” or the data rendering logic from the “backend” which is typically just a REST based API that loads and processes data through a resource model. The frameworks are called MVVM as a change to the Model (through javascript) gets reflected in the view immediately i.e. Model > View. Also, a change on the view (through manual input) gets reflected in the model immediately i.e. View > Model. The following figure shows this conceptually (comments are shown in red): Fig 2: Demonstration of MVVM in action In Fig 2, two text boxes are bound to the same variable model.myInt. Thus, changing the view manually (changing one text box through keyboard input) also changes the other textbox in real time demonstrating V > M property of a MVVM framework. Furthermore, clicking the button adds 1 to the value of model.myInt thus changing the model through JavaScript. This immediately updates the view (the value in the two textboxes) thus demonstrating the M > V property of a MVVM framework. Thus we see that the model in a MVVM JavaScript framework can be regarded as “the single source of truth“. This is an important concept. Angular is one such MVVM framework. We shall use it to build a simple app that sends SMS messages to a particular number. Application, Routes, Views, Controllers, Scope and Models Angular can be used in many ways to construct web applications. For this article, we shall only focus on building Single Page Applications (SPAs). Many of the approaches we will follow in this article have alternatives. It is beyond the scope of this article to explain every nuance in detail but we shall try to touch upon the basic concepts and end up with a working application that can be used to send SMS messages using Sent.ly Plus (a service that is itself built using Angular). Before you read on, we would like to urge you to forget what you know about Models, Views, Controllers and Routes in the ASP.NET MVC4 framework. All these words have different meanings in the Angular world. Whenever these words are used in this article, they will refer to Angular concepts and not ASP.NET MVC4 concepts. The following figure shows the skeleton of the root page of an SPA: Fig 3: The skeleton of a SPA The skeleton of the application is based on the Bootstrap starter template which can be found at: http://getbootstrap.com/examples/starter­template/ Apart from loading the Angular, jQuery and Bootstrap JavaScript libraries, it also loads our custom scripts /app/js/controllers.js /app/js/app.js These scripts define the routes, views and controllers which we shall come to in a moment. Application Notice that the body tag (Fig. 3) has an extra attribute: ng­app=”smsApp” Providing this tag “bootstraps” our single page application. It tells Angular to load a “module” called smsApp. This “module” is defined /app/js/app.js angular.module('smsApp', ['smsApp.controllers', function () {}]) Fig 4: The definition of our application module The line shows above, declares a module called smsApp. It also declares that this module “depends” on another module called “smsApp.controllers”. The smsApp.controllers module will contain all the controllers for our SPA. Routing and Views Notice that in the Navbar (in Fig 3) we have included two hyperlinks to: “#/app” “#/help” This is how Angular handles routing. Since the URLs start with “#”, they are actually just bookmarks (and not server side resources). However, our route definition (in /app/js/app.js) gives these URLs a special meaning within the Angular framework. angular.module('smsApp', ['smsApp.controllers', function () { }]) //Configure the routes .config(['$routeProvider', function ($routeProvider) { $routeProvider.when('/binding', { templateUrl: '/app/partials/bindingexample.html', controller: 'BindingController' }); }]); Fig 5: The definition of a route with an associated partial view and controller As we can see from the previous code sample, we are using the $routeProvider object in the configuration of our smsApp module. Notice how the code “asks for” the $routeProvider object by specifying it as a dependency in the [] braces and then defining a function that accepts it as a parameter. This is known as dependency injection. Please refer to the following link if you want to delve into this topic: http://docs.angularjs.org/guide/di What the above code snippet is doing is that it is telling Angular that when the URL is “#/binding”, then it should load the HTML snippet (“partial view”) found at /app/partials/bindingexample.html. Also, for this URL, Angular should load the controller called “BindingController”. We have also marked the div with the class “container” (in Fig 3) with the ng­view attribute. This attribute tells Angular that views (partial HTML pages) defined in the routes will be loaded within this div. You can see that the Angular JavaScript framework, unlike many other frameworks, works purely by extending HTML tags and attributes. It also allows you to extend HTML with your own tags and attributes (through directives) if you so desire, you can find out more about directives at the following URL: http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/607873/Extending­HTML­with­AngularJS­Directives Controllers and Models We have seen how we define what views and controllers should be loaded for a particular route. Let us now consider how controllers are defined. Our controllers are defined in the file /app/js/controllers.js. The following snippet shows the definition of the “BindingController” which is loaded when we hit the URL http://localhost:port/index.html#/binding (as we have defined in the route earlier as shown in Fig 5). Remember that we had defined that our application module “smsApp” depends on the “smsApp.controllers” module (see Fig 4). The code snippet below shows how the “BindingController” defined in the route shown in Fig 5 is defined in the module smsApp.controllers: angular.module('smsApp.controllers', [function () { }]) .controller('BindingController', ['$scope', function ($scope) { $scope.model = {}; $scope.model.myInt = 6; $scope.addOne = function () { $scope.model.myInt++; } }]); Fig 6: The definition of a controller in the “smsApp.controllers” module. The pieces are falling in place! Remember Fig.2? That was the code of a partial view that was loaded within the container div of the skeleton SPA shown in Fig 3. The route definition shown in Fig 5 also defined that the controller called “BindingController” (shown in Fig 6.) was loaded when we loaded the URL: http://localhost:22544/index.html#/binding The button in Fig 2 was marked with the attribute ng­click=”addOne()” which added 1 to the value of model.myInt. In Fig 6, we can see that this function is actually defined in the “BindingController”. Scope We can see from Fig 6, that in the definition of “BindingController”, we defined a dependency on $scope and then, as usual, defined a function which “asks for” $scope as per the dependency injection pattern. So what is $scope? Any guesses? As you might have guessed a scope is a particular “address space” where variables and functions may be defined. This has a similar meaning to scope in a programming language like C#. Model: The Scope is not the Model It is tempting to assign variables in the scope directly. For example, we could have defined myInt as $scope.myInt = 6 in Fig 6 instead of $scope.model.myInt = 6. The reason why this is a bad idea is that scope in hierarchical in Angular. Thus if we were to define a controller which was defined within the another controller (nested controllers), then the inner controller would inherit the scope of the parent controller. This inheritance would follow JavaScript prototypal inheritance. Let’s say the parent controller defined a variable through $scope.myInt = 6. The child controller would inherit the scope through java prototypical inheritance. This basically means that the child scope has a variable myInt that points to the parent scopes myInt variable. Now if we assigned the value of myInt in the parent, the child scope would be updated with the same value as the child scope’s myInt variable points to the parent scope’s myInt variable. However, if we were to assign the value of the myInt variable in the child scope, then the link of that variable to the parent scope would be broken as the variable myInt in the child scope now points to the value 6 and not to the parent scope’s myInt variable. But, if we defined a variable model in the parent scope, then the child scope will also have a variable model that points to the model variable in the parent scope. Updating the value of $scope.model.myInt in the parent scope would change the model variable in the child scope too as the variable is pointed to the model variable in the parent scope. Now changing the value of $scope.model.myInt in the child scope would ALSO change the value in the parent scope. This is because the model reference in the child scope is pointed to the scope variable in the parent. We did no new assignment to the model variable in the child scope. We only changed an attribute of the model variable. Since the model variable (in the child scope) points to the model variable in the parent scope, we have successfully changed the value of myInt in the parent scope. Thus the value of $scope.model.myInt in the parent scope becomes the “single source of truth“. This is a tricky concept, thus it is considered good practice to NOT use scope inheritance. More info on prototypal inheritance in Angular can be found in the “JavaScript Prototypal Inheritance” section at the following URL: https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding­Scopes. Building It: An Angular JS application using a .NET Web API Backend Now that we have a perspective on the basic components of an MVVM application built using Angular, let’s build something useful. We will build an application that can be used to send out SMS messages to a given phone number. The following diagram describes the architecture of the application we are going to build: Fig 7: Broad application architecture We are going to add an HTML Partial to our project. This partial will contain the form fields that will accept the phone number and message that needs to be sent as an SMS. It will also display all the messages that have previously been sent. All the executable code that is run on the occurrence of events (button clicks etc.) in the view resides in the controller. The controller interacts with the ASP.NET WebAPI to get a history of SMS messages, add a message etc. through a REST based API. For the purposes of simplicity, we will use an in memory data structure for the purposes of creating this application. Thus, the tasks ahead of us are: Creating the REST WebApi with GET, PUT, POST, DELETE methods. Creating the SmsView.html partial Creating the SmsController controller with methods that are called from the SmsView.html partial Add a new route that loads the controller and the partial. 1. Creating the REST WebAPI This is a simple task that should be quite straightforward to any .NET developer. The following listing shows our ApiController: public class SmsMessage { public string to { get; set; } public string message { get; set; } } public class SmsResource : SmsMessage { public int smsId { get; set; } } public class SmsResourceController : ApiController { public static Dictionary<int, SmsResource> messages = new Dictionary<int, SmsResource>(); public static int currentId = 0; // GET api/<controller> public List<SmsResource> Get() { List<SmsResource> result = new List<SmsResource>(); foreach (int key in messages.Keys) { result.Add(messages[key]); } return result; } // GET api/<controller>/5 public SmsResource Get(int id) { if (messages.ContainsKey(id)) return messages[id]; return null; } // POST api/<controller> public List<SmsResource> Post([FromBody] SmsMessage value) { //Synchronize on messages so we don't have id collisions lock (messages) { SmsResource res = (SmsResource) value; res.smsId = currentId++; messages.Add(res.smsId, res); //SentlyPlusSmsSender.SendMessage(value.to, value.message); return Get(); } } // PUT api/<controller>/5 public List<SmsResource> Put(int id, [FromBody] SmsMessage value) { //Synchronize on messages so we don't have id collisions lock (messages) { if (messages.ContainsKey(id)) { //Update the message messages[id].message = value.message; messages[id].to = value.message; } return Get(); } } // DELETE api/<controller>/5 public List<SmsResource> Delete(int id) { if (messages.ContainsKey(id)) { messages.Remove(id); } return Get(); } } Once this class is defined, we should be able to access the WebAPI by a simple GET request using the browser: http://localhost:port/api/SmsResource Notice the commented line: //SentlyPlusSmsSender.SendMessage The SentlyPlusSmsSender class is defined in the attached solution. We have shown this line as commented as we want to explain the core Angular concepts. If you load the attached solution, this line is uncommented in the source and an actual SMS will be sent! By default, the API returns XML. For consumption of the API in Angular, we would like it to return JSON. To change the default to JSON, we make the following change to WebApiConfig.cs file located in the App_Start folder. public static class WebApiConfig { public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); var appXmlType = config.Formatters.XmlFormatter. SupportedMediaTypes. FirstOrDefault( t => t.MediaType == "application/xml"); config.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Remove(appXmlType); } } We now have our backend REST Api which we can consume from Angular! 2. Creating the SmsView.html partial This simple partial will define two fields: the destination phone number (international format starting with a +) and the message. These fields will be bound to model.phoneNumber and model.message. We will also add a button that we shall hook up to sendMessage() in the controller. A list of all previously sent messages (bound to model.allMessages) will also be displayed below the form input. The following code shows the code for the partial: <!--­­ If model.errorMessage is defined, then render the error div -­­> <div class="alert alert-­danger alert-­dismissable" style="margin­-top: 30px;" ng­-show="model.errorMessage != undefined"> <button type="button" class="close" data­dismiss="alert" aria­hidden="true">&times;</button> <strong>Error!</strong> <br /> {{ model.errorMessage }} </div> <!--­­ The input fields bound to the model --­­> <div class="well" style="margin-­top: 30px;"> <table style="width: 100%;"> <tr> <td style="width: 45%; text-­align: center;"> <input type="text" placeholder="Phone number (eg; +44 7778 609466)" ng­-model="model.phoneNumber" class="form-­control" style="width: 90%" onkeypress="return checkPhoneInput();" /> </td> <td style="width: 45%; text-­align: center;"> <input type="text" placeholder="Message" ng­-model="model.message" class="form-­control" style="width: 90%" /> </td> <td style="text-­align: center;"> <button class="btn btn-­danger" ng-­click="sendMessage();" ng-­disabled="model.isAjaxInProgress" style="margin­right: 5px;">Send</button> <img src="/Content/ajax-­loader.gif" ng­-show="model.isAjaxInProgress" /> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <!--­­ The past messages ­­--> <div style="margin-­top: 30px;"> <!­­-- The following div is shown if there are no past messages --­­> <div ng­-show="model.allMessages.length == 0"> No messages have been sent yet! </div> <!--­­ The following div is shown if there are some past messages --­­> <div ng-­show="model.allMessages.length == 0"> <table style="width: 100%;" class="table table-­striped"> <tr> <td>Phone Number</td> <td>Message</td> <td></td> </tr> <!--­­ The ng-­repeat directive is line the repeater control in .NET, but as you can see this partial is pure HTML which is much cleaner --> <tr ng-­repeat="message in model.allMessages"> <td>{{ message.to }}</td> <td>{{ message.message }}</td> <td> <button class="btn btn-­danger" ng-­click="delete(message.smsId);" ng­-disabled="model.isAjaxInProgress">Delete</button> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> The above code is commented and should be self explanatory. Conditional rendering is achieved through using the ng-­show=”condition” attribute on various div tags. Input fields are bound to the model and the send button is bound to the sendMessage() function in the controller as through the ng­click=”sendMessage()” attribute defined on the button tag. While AJAX calls are taking place, the controller sets model.isAjaxInProgress to true. Based on this variable, buttons are disabled through the ng-­disabled directive which is added as an attribute to the buttons. The ng-­repeat directive added as an attribute to the tr tag causes the table row to be rendered multiple times much like an ASP.NET repeater. 3. Creating the SmsController controller The penultimate piece of our application is the controller which responds to events from our view and interacts with our MVC4 REST WebAPI. The following listing shows the code we need to add to /app/js/controllers.js. Note that controller definitions can be chained. Also note that this controller “asks for” the $http service. The $http service is a simple way in Angular to do AJAX. So far we have only encountered modules, controllers, views and directives in Angular. The $http is new entity in Angular called a service. More information on Angular services can be found at the following URL: http://docs.angularjs.org/guide/dev_guide.services.understanding_services. .controller('SmsController', ['$scope', '$http', function ($scope, $http) { //We define the model $scope.model = {}; //We define the allMessages array in the model //that will contain all the messages sent so far $scope.model.allMessages = []; //The error if any $scope.model.errorMessage = undefined; //We initially load data so set the isAjaxInProgress = true; $scope.model.isAjaxInProgress = true; //Load all the messages $http({ url: '/api/smsresource', method: "GET" }). success(function (data, status, headers, config) { this callback will be called asynchronously //when the response is available $scope.model.allMessages = data; //We are done with AJAX loading $scope.model.isAjaxInProgress = false; }). error(function (data, status, headers, config) { //called asynchronously if an error occurs //or server returns response with an error status. $scope.model.errorMessage = "Error occurred status:" + status; //We are done with AJAX loading $scope.model.isAjaxInProgress = false; }); $scope.delete = function (id) { //We are making an ajax call so we set this to true $scope.model.isAjaxInProgress = true; $http({ url: '/api/smsresource/' + id, method: "DELETE" }). success(function (data, status, headers, config) { // this callback will be called asynchronously // when the response is available $scope.model.allMessages = data; //We are done with AJAX loading $scope.model.isAjaxInProgress = false; }); error(function (data, status, headers, config) { // called asynchronously if an error occurs // or server returns response with an error status. $scope.model.errorMessage = "Error occurred status:" + status; //We are done with AJAX loading $scope.model.isAjaxInProgress = false; }); } $scope.sendMessage = function () { $scope.model.errorMessage = undefined; var message = ''; if($scope.model.message != undefined) message = $scope.model.message.trim(); if ($scope.model.phoneNumber == undefined || $scope.model.phoneNumber == '' || $scope.model.phoneNumber.length < 10 || $scope.model.phoneNumber[0] != '+') { $scope.model.errorMessage = "You must enter a valid phone number in international format. Eg: +44 7778 609466"; return; } if (message.length == 0) { $scope.model.errorMessage = "You must specify a message!"; return; } //We are making an ajax call so we set this to true $scope.model.isAjaxInProgress = true; $http({ url: '/api/smsresource', method: "POST", data: { to: $scope.model.phoneNumber, message: $scope.model.message } }). success(function (data, status, headers, config) { // this callback will be called asynchronously // when the response is available $scope.model.allMessages = data; //We are done with AJAX loading $scope.model.isAjaxInProgress = false; }). error(function (data, status, headers, config) { // called asynchronously if an error occurs // or server returns response with an error status. $scope.model.errorMessage = "Error occurred status:" + status // We are done with AJAX loading $scope.model.isAjaxInProgress = false; }); } }]); We can see from the previous listing how the functions that are called from the view are defined in the controller. It should also be evident how easy it is to make AJAX calls to consume our MVC4 REST WebAPI. Now we are left with the final piece. We need to define a route that associates a particular path with the view we have defined and the controller we have defined. 4. Add a new route that loads the controller and the partial This is the easiest part of the puzzle. We simply define another route in the /app/js/app.js file: $routeProvider.when('/sms', { templateUrl: '/app/partials/smsview.html', controller: 'SmsController' }); Conclusion In this article we have seen how much of the server side functionality in the MVC4 framework can be moved to the browser thus delivering a snappy and fast user interface. We have seen how we can build client side HTML only views that avoid the messy syntax offered by server side Razor views. We have built a functioning app from the ground up. The significant advantage of this approach to building web apps is that the front end can be completely platform independent. Even though we used ASP.NET to create our REST API, we could just easily have used any other language such as Node.js, Ruby etc without changing a single line of our front end code. Angular is a rich framework and we have only touched on basic functionality required to create a SPA. For readers who wish to delve further into the Angular framework, we would recommend the following URL as a starting point: http://docs.angularjs.org/misc/started. To get started with the code for this project: Sign up for an account at http://plus.sent.ly (free) Add your phone number Go to the “My Identies Page” Note Down your Sender ID, Consumer Key and Consumer Secret Download the code for this article at: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzjEWqSE31yoZjZlV0d0R2Y3eW8/edit?usp=sharing Change the values of Sender Id, Consumer Key and Consumer Secret in the web.config file Run the project through Visual Studio!

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  • strange data annotations issue in MVC 2

    - by femi
    Hello, I came across something strange when creating an edit form with MVC 2. i realised that my error messages come up on form sumission even when i have filled ut valid data! i am using a buddy class which i have configured correctly ( i know that cos i can see my custom errors). Here is the code from the viewmodel that generates this; <%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<TG_Careers.Models.Applicant>" %> <script src="/Scripts/MicrosoftAjax.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Scripts/MicrosoftMvcAjax.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Scripts/MicrosoftMvcValidation.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <%= Html.ValidationSummary() %> <% Html.EnableClientValidation(); %> <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%> <div class="confirm-module"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.FirstName) %> </td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.FirstName) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.FirstName) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.MiddleName) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.MiddleName) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.MiddleName) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.LastName) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.LastName) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.LastName) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.Gender) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.Gender) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Gender) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.MaritalStatus) %></td> <td> <%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.MaritalStatus) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.MaritalStatus) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.DateOfBirth) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.DateOfBirth) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.DateOfBirth) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.Address) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.Address) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Address) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.City) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.City) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.City) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.State) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.State) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.State) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.StateOfOriginID) %></td> <td><%= Html.DropDownList("StateOfOriginID", new SelectList(ViewData["States"] as IEnumerable, "StateID", "Name", Model.StateOfOriginID))%></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.StateOfOriginID) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.CompletedNYSC) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.CompletedNYSC) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.CompletedNYSC) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.YearsOfExperience) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.YearsOfExperience) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.YearsOfExperience) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.MobilePhone) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.MobilePhone) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.MobilePhone) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.DayPhone) %></td> <td> <%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.DayPhone) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.DayPhone) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.CVFileName) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.CVFileName) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.CVFileName) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.CurrentPosition) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.CurrentPosition) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.CurrentPosition) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.EmploymentCommenced) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.EmploymentCommenced) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.EmploymentCommenced) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td><%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.DateofTakingupCurrentPosition) %></td> <td><%= Html.EditorFor(model => model.DateofTakingupCurrentPosition) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.DateofTakingupCurrentPosition) %></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td> </tr> </table> <p> <input type="submit" value="Save Profile Details" /> </p> </div> <% } %> Any ideas on this one please? Thanks

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  • ASP.NET MVC Postbacks and HtmlHelper Controls ignoring Model Changes

    - by Rick Strahl
    So here's a binding behavior in ASP.NET MVC that I didn't really get until today: HtmlHelpers controls (like .TextBoxFor() etc.) don't bind to model values on Postback, but rather get their value directly out of the POST buffer from ModelState. Effectively it looks like you can't change the display value of a control via model value updates on a Postback operation. To demonstrate here's an example. I have a small section in a document where I display an editable email address: This is what the form displays on a GET operation and as expected I get the email value displayed in both the textbox and plain value display below, which reflects the value in the mode. I added a plain text value to demonstrate the model value compared to what's rendered in the textbox. The relevant markup is the email address which needs to be manipulated via the model in the Controller code. Here's the Razor markup: <div class="fieldcontainer"> <label> Email: &nbsp; <small>(username and <a href="http://gravatar.com">Gravatar</a> image)</small> </label> <div> @Html.TextBoxFor( mod=> mod.User.Email, new {type="email",@class="inputfield"}) @Model.User.Email </div> </div>   So, I have this form and the user can change their email address. On postback the Post controller code then asks the business layer whether the change is allowed. If it's not I want to reset the email address back to the old value which exists in the database and was previously store. The obvious thing to do would be to modify the model. Here's the Controller logic block that deals with that:// did user change email? if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(oldEmail) && user.Email != oldEmail) { if (userBus.DoesEmailExist(user.Email)) { userBus.ValidationErrors.Add("New email address exists already. Please…"); user.Email = oldEmail; } else // allow email change but require verification by forcing a login user.IsVerified = false; }… model.user = user; return View(model); The logic is straight forward - if the new email address is not valid because it already exists I don't want to display the new email address the user entered, but rather the old one. To do this I change the value on the model which effectively does this:model.user.Email = oldEmail; return View(model); So when I press the Save button after entering in my new email address ([email protected]) here's what comes back in the rendered view: Notice that the textbox value and the raw displayed model value are different. The TextBox displays the POST value, the raw value displays the actual model value which are different. This means that MVC renders the textbox value from the POST data rather than from the view data when an Http POST is active. Now I don't know about you but this is not the behavior I expected - initially. This behavior effectively means that I cannot modify the contents of the textbox from the Controller code if using HtmlHelpers for binding. Updating the model for display purposes in a POST has in effect - no effect. (Apr. 25, 2012 - edited the post heavily based on comments and more experimentation) What should the behavior be? After getting quite a few comments on this post I quickly realized that the behavior I described above is actually the behavior you'd want in 99% of the binding scenarios. You do want to get the POST values back into your input controls at all times, so that the data displayed on a form for the user matches what they typed. So if an error occurs, the error doesn't mysteriously disappear getting replaced either with a default value or some value that you changed on the model on your own. Makes sense. Still it is a little non-obvious because the way you create the UI elements with MVC, it certainly looks like your are binding to the model value:@Html.TextBoxFor( mod=> mod.User.Email, new {type="email",@class="inputfield",required="required" }) and so unless one understands a little bit about how the model binder works this is easy to trip up. At least it was for me. Even though I'm telling the control which model value to bind to, that model value is only used initially on GET operations. After that ModelState/POST values provide the display value. Workarounds The default behavior should be fine for 99% of binding scenarios. But if you do need fix up values based on your model rather than the default POST values, there are a number of ways that you can work around this. Initially when I ran into this, I couldn't figure out how to set the value using code and so the simplest solution to me was simply to not use the MVC Html Helper for the specific control and explicitly bind the model via HTML markup and @Razor expression: <input type="text" name="User.Email" id="User_Email" value="@Model.User.Email" /> And this produces the right result. This is easy enough to create, but feels a little out of place when using the @Html helpers for everything else. As you can see by the difference in the name and id values, you also are forced to remember the naming conventions that MVC imposes in order for ModelBinding to work properly which is a pain to remember and set manually (name is the same as the property with . syntax, id replaces dots with underlines). Use the ModelState Some of my original confusion came because I didn't understand how the model binder works. The model binder basically maintains ModelState on a postback, which holds a value and binding errors for each of the Post back value submitted on the page that can be mapped to the model. In other words there's one ModelState entry for each bound property of the model. Each ModelState entry contains a value property that holds AttemptedValue and RawValue properties. The AttemptedValue is essentially the POST value retrieved from the form. The RawValue is the value that the model holds. When MVC binds controls like @Html.TextBoxFor() or @Html.TextBox(), it always binds values on a GET operation. On a POST operation however, it'll always used the AttemptedValue to display the control. MVC binds using the ModelState on a POST operation, not the model's value. So, if you want the behavior that I was expecting originally you can actually get it by clearing the ModelState in the controller code:ModelState.Clear(); This clears out all the captured ModelState values, and effectively binds to the model. Note this will produce very similar results - in fact if there are no binding errors you see exactly the same behavior as if binding from ModelState, because the model has been updated from the ModelState already and binding to the updated values most likely produces the same values you would get with POST back values. The big difference though is that any values that couldn't bind - like say putting a string into a numeric field - will now not display back the value the user typed, but the default field value or whatever you changed the model value to. This is the behavior I was actually expecting previously. But - clearing out all values might be a bit heavy handed. You might want to fix up one or two values in a model but rarely would you want the entire model to update from the model. So, you can also clear out individual values on an as needed basis:if (userBus.DoesEmailExist(user.Email)) { userBus.ValidationErrors.Add("New email address exists already. Please…"); user.Email = oldEmail; ModelState.Remove("User.Email"); } This allows you to remove a single value from the ModelState and effectively allows you to replace that value for display from the model. Why? While researching this I came across a post from Microsoft's Brad Wilson who describes the default binding behavior best in a forum post: The reason we use the posted value for editors rather than the model value is that the model may not be able to contain the value that the user typed. Imagine in your "int" editor the user had typed "dog". You want to display an error message which says "dog is not valid", and leave "dog" in the editor field. However, your model is an int: there's no way it can store "dog". So we keep the old value. If you don't want the old values in the editor, clear out the Model State. That's where the old value is stored and pulled from the HTML helpers. There you have it. It's not the most intuitive behavior, but in hindsight this behavior does make some sense even if at first glance it looks like you should be able to update values from the model. The solution of clearing ModelState works and is a reasonable one but you have to know about some of the innards of ModelState and how it actually works to figure that out.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in ASP.NET  MVC   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Tips on ensuring Model Quality

    - by [email protected]
    Given enough data that represents well the domain and models that reflect exactly the decision being optimized, models usually provide good predictions that ensure lift. Nevertheless, sometimes the modeling situation is less than ideal. In this blog entry we explore the problems found in a few such situations and how to avoid them.1 - The Model does not reflect the problem you are trying to solveFor example, you may be trying to solve the problem: "What product should I recommend to this customer" but your model learns on the problem: "Given that a customer has acquired our products, what is the likelihood for each product". In this case the model you built may be too far of a proxy for the problem you are really trying to solve. What you could do in this case is try to build a model based on the result from recommendations of products to customers. If there is not enough data from actual recommendations, you could use a hybrid approach in which you would use the [bad] proxy model until the recommendation model converges.2 - Data is not predictive enoughIf the inputs are not correlated with the output then the models may be unable to provide good predictions. For example, if the input is the phase of the moon and the weather and the output is what car did the customer buy, there may be no correlations found. In this case you should see a low quality model.The solution in this case is to include more relevant inputs.3 - Not enough cases seenIf the data learned does not include enough cases, at least 200 positive examples for each output, then the quality of recommendations may be low. The obvious solution is to include more data records. If this is not possible, then it may be possible to build a model based on the characteristics of the output choices rather than the choices themselves. For example, instead of using products as output, use the product category, price and brand name, and then combine these models.4 - Output leaking into input giving the false impression of good quality modelsIf the input data in the training includes values that have changed or are available only because the output happened, then you will find some strong correlations between the input and the output, but these strong correlations do not reflect the data that you will have available at decision (prediction) time. For example, if you are building a model to predict whether a web site visitor will succeed in registering, and the input includes the variable DaysSinceRegistration, and you learn when this variable has already been set, you will probably see a big correlation between having a Zero (or one) in this variable and the fact that registration was successful.The solution is to remove these variables from the input or make sure they reflect the value as of the time of decision and not after the result is known. 

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  • What are the recommended resources for learning about the Actor model of concurrent systems?

    - by Larry OBrien
    The Actor concurrency model is clearly gaining favor. Is there a good book that presents the patterns and pitfalls of the model? I am thinking about something that would discuss, for instance, the problems of consistency and correctness in the context of hundreds or thousands of independent Actors. It would be okay if it were associated with a specific language (Erlang, I would imagine, since that seems universally regarded as the proven implementation of Actors), but I am hoping for something more than an introductory chapter or two. I'm actually most interested in Actors as they are implemented in Scala, if there are any such resources available.

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  • Data Model Dissonance

    - by Tony Davis
    So often at the start of the development of database applications, there is a premature rush to the keyboard. Unless, before we get there, we’ve mapped out and agreed the three data models, the Conceptual, the Logical and the Physical, then the inevitable refactoring will dog development work. It pays to get the data models sorted out up-front, however ‘agile’ you profess to be. The hardest model to get right, the most misunderstood, and the one most neglected by the various modeling tools, is the conceptual data model, and yet it is critical to all that follows. The conceptual model distils what the business understands about itself, and the way it operates. It represents the business rules that govern the required data, its constraints and its properties. The conceptual model uses the terminology of the business and defines the most important entities and their inter-relationships. Don’t assume that the organization’s understanding of these business rules is consistent or accurate. Too often, one department has a subtly different understanding of what an entity means and what it stores, from another. If our conceptual data model fails to resolve such inconsistencies, it will reduce data quality. If we don’t collect and measure the raw data in a consistent way across the whole business, how can we hope to perform meaningful aggregation? The conceptual data model has more to do with business than technology, and as such, developers often regard it as a worthy but rather arcane ceremony like saluting the flag or only eating fish on Friday. However, the consequences of getting it wrong have a direct and painful impact on many aspects of the project. If you adopt a silo-based (a.k.a. Domain driven) approach to development), you are still likely to suffer by starting with an incomplete knowledge of the domain. Even when you have surmounted these problems so that the data entities accurately reflect the business domain that the application represents, there are likely to be dire consequences from abandoning the goal of a shared, enterprise-wide understanding of the business. In reading this, you may recall experiences of the consequence of getting the conceptual data model wrong. I believe that Phil Factor, for example, witnessed the abandonment of a multi-million dollar banking project due to an inadequate conceptual analysis of how the bank defined a ‘customer’. We’d love to hear of any examples you know of development projects poleaxed by errors in the conceptual data model. Cheers, Tony

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  • Achieving decoupling in Model classes

    - by Guven
    I am trying to test-drive (or at least write unit tests) my Model classes but I noticed that my classes end up being too coupled. Since I can't break this coupling, writing unit tests is becoming harder and harder. To be more specific: Model Classes: These are the classes that hold the data in my application. They resemble pretty much the POJO (plain old Java objects), but they also have some methods. The application is not too big so I have around 15 model classes. Coupling: Just to give an example, think of a simple case of Order Header - Order Item. The header knows the item and the item knows the header (needs some information from the header for performing certain operations). Then, let's say there is the relationship between Order Item - Item Report. The item report needs the item as well. At this point, imagine writing tests for Item Report; you need have a Order Header to carry out the tests. This is a simple case with 3 classes; things get more complicated with more classes. I can come up with decoupled classes when I design algorithms, persistence layers, UI interactions, etc... but with model classes, I can't think of a way to separate them. They currently sit as one big chunk of classes that depend on each other. Here are some workarounds that I can think of: Data Generators: I have a package that generates sample data for my model classes. For example, the OrderHeaderGenerator class creates OrderHeaders with some basic data in it. I use the OrderHeaderGenerator from my ItemReport unit-tests so that I get an instance to OrderHeader class. The problem is these generators get complicated pretty fast and then I also need to test these generators; defeating the purpose a little bit. Interfaces instead of dependencies: I can come up with interfaces to get rid of the hard dependencies. For example, the OrderItem class would depend on the IOrderHeader interface. So, in my unit tests, I can easily mock the behaviour of an OrderHeader with a FakeOrderHeader class that implements the IOrderHeader interface. The problem with this approach is the complexity that the Model classes would end up having. Would you have other ideas on how to break this coupling in the model classes? Or, how to make it easier to unit-test the model classes?

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  • Model binding & derived model classes

    - by Richard Ev
    Does ASP.NET MVC offer any simple way to get model binding to work when you have model classes that inherit from others? In my scenario I have a View that is strongly typed to List<Person>. I have a couple of classes that inherit from Person, namely PersonTypeOne and PersonTypeTwo. I have three strongly typed partial views with names that match these class names (and render form elements for the properties of their respective models). This means that in my main View I can have the following code: <% for(int i = 0; i < Model.Count; i++) { Html.RenderPartial(Model[i].GetType().Name, Model[i]); } %> This works well, apart from when the user submits the form the relevant controller action method just gets a List<Person>, rather than a list of Person, PersonTypeOne and PersonTypeTwo. This is pretty much as expected as the form submission doesn't contain enough information to tell the default model binder to create any instances of PersonTypeOne and PersonTypeTwo classes. So, is there any way to get such functionality from the default model binder?

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  • The Interaction between Three-Tier Client/Server Model and Three-Tier Application Architecture Model

    The three-tier client/server model is a network architectural approach currently used in modern networking. This approach divides a network in to three distinct components. Three-Tier Client/Server Model Components Client Component Server Component Database Component The Client Component of the network typically represents any device on the network. A basic example of this would be computer or another network/web enabled devices that are connected to a network. Network clients request resources on the network, and are usually equipped with a user interface for the presentation of the data returned from the Server Component. This process is done through the use of various software clients, and example of this can be seen through the use of a web browser client. The web browser request information from the Server Component located on the network and then renders the results for the user to process. The Server Components of the network return data based on specific client request back to the requesting client.  Server Components also inherit the attributes of a Client Component in that they are a device on the network and that they can also request information from other Server Components. However what differentiates a Client Component from a Server Component is that a Server Component response to requests from devices on the network. An example of a Server Component can be seen in a web server. A web server listens for new requests and then interprets the request, processes the web pages, and then returns the processed data back to the web browser client so that it may render the data for the user to interpret. The Database Component of the network returns unprocessed data from databases or other resources. This component also inherits attributes from the Server Component in that it is a device on a network, it can request information from other server components and database components, and it also listens for new requests so that it can return data when needed. The three-tier client/server model is very similar to the three-tier application architecture model, and in fact the layers can be mapped to one another. Three-Tier Application Architecture Model Presentation Layer/Logic Business Layer/Logic Data Layer/Logic The Presentation Layer including its underlying logic is very similar to the Client Component of the three-tiered model. The Presentation Layer focuses on interpreting the data returned by the Business Layer as well as presents the data back to the user.  Both the Presentation Layer and the Client Component focus primarily on the user and their experience. This allows for segments of the Business Layer to be distributable and interchangeable because the Presentation Layer is not directly integrated in with Business Layer. The Presentation Layer does not care where the data comes from as long as it is in the proper format. This allows for the Presentation Layer and Business Layer to be stored on one or more different servers so that it can provide a higher availability to clients requesting data. A good example of this is a web site that uses load balancing. When a web site decides to take on the task of load balancing they must obtain a network device that sits in front of a one or machines in order to distribute the request across multiple servers. When a user comes in through the load balanced device they are redirected to a specific server based on a few factors. Common Load Balancing Factors Current Server Availability Current Server Response Time Current Server Priority The Business Layer and corresponding logic are business rules applied to data prior to it being sent to the Presentation Layer. These rules are used to manipulate the data coming from the Data Access Layer, in addition to validating any data prior to being stored in the Data Access Layer. A good example of this would be when a user is trying to create multiple accounts under one email address. The Business Layer logic can prevent duplicate accounts by enforcing a unique email for every new account before the data is even stored in the Data Access Layer. The Server Component can be directly tied to this layer in that the server typically stores and process the Business Layer before it is returned to the end-user via the Presentation Layer. In addition the Server Component can also run automated process through the Business Layer on the data in the Data Access Layer so that additional business analysis can be derived from the data that has been already collected. The Data Layer and its logic are responsible for storing information so that it can be easily retrieved. Typical in most modern applications data is stored in a database management system however data can also be in the form of files stored on a file server. In addition a database can take on one of several forms. Common Database Formats XML File Pipe Delimited File Tab Delimited File Comma Delimited File (CSV) Plain Text File Microsoft Access Microsoft SQL Server MySql Oracle Sybase The Database component of the Networking model can be directly tied to the Data Layer because this is where the Data Layer obtains the data to return back the Business Layer. The Database Component basically allows for a place on the network to store data for future use. This enables applications to save data when they can and then quickly recall the saved data as needed so that the application does not have to worry about storing the data in memory. This prevents overhead that could be created when an application must retain all data in memory. As you can see the Three-Tier Client/Server Networking Model and the Three-Tiered Application Architecture Model rely very heavily on one another to function especially if different aspects of an application are distributed across an entire network. The use of various servers and database servers are wonderful when an application has a need to distribute work across the network. Network Components and Application Layers Interaction Database components will store all data needed for the Data Access Layer to manipulate and return to the Business Layer Server Component executes the Business Layer that manipulates data so that it can be returned to the Presentation Layer Client Component hosts the Presentation Layer that  interprets the data and present it to the user

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  • Custom ASP.Net MVC 2 ModelMetadataProvider for using custom view model attributes

    - by SeanMcAlinden
    There are a number of ways of implementing a pattern for using custom view model attributes, the following is similar to something I’m using at work which works pretty well. The classes I’m going to create are really simple: 1. Abstract base attribute 2. Custom ModelMetadata provider which will derive from the DataAnnotationsModelMetadataProvider   Base Attribute MetadataAttribute using System; using System.Web.Mvc; namespace Mvc2Templates.Attributes {     /// <summary>     /// Base class for custom MetadataAttributes.     /// </summary>     public abstract class MetadataAttribute : Attribute     {         /// <summary>         /// Method for processing custom attribute data.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="modelMetaData">A ModelMetaData instance.</param>         public abstract void Process(ModelMetadata modelMetaData);     } } As you can see, the class simple has one method – Process. Process accepts the ModelMetaData which will allow any derived custom attributes to set properties on the model meta data and add items to its AdditionalValues collection.   Custom Model Metadata Provider For a quick explanation of the Model Metadata and how it fits in to the MVC 2 framework, it is basically a set of properties that are usually set via attributes placed above properties on a view model, for example the ReadOnly and HiddenInput attributes. When EditorForModel, DisplayForModel or any of the other EditorFor/DisplayFor methods are called, the ModelMetadata information is used to determine how to display the properties. All of the information available within the model metadata is also available through ViewData.ModelMetadata. The following class derives from the DataAnnotationsModelMetadataProvider built into the mvc 2 framework. I’ve overridden the CreateMetadata method in order to process any custom attributes that may have been placed above a property in a view model.   CustomModelMetadataProvider using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web.Mvc; using Mvc2Templates.Attributes; namespace Mvc2Templates.Providers {     public class CustomModelMetadataProvider : DataAnnotationsModelMetadataProvider     {         protected override ModelMetadata CreateMetadata(             IEnumerable<Attribute> attributes,             Type containerType,             Func<object> modelAccessor,             Type modelType,             string propertyName)         {             var modelMetadata = base.CreateMetadata(attributes, containerType, modelAccessor, modelType, propertyName);               attributes.OfType<MetadataAttribute>().ToList().ForEach(x => x.Process(modelMetadata));               return modelMetadata;         }     } } As you can see, once the model metadata is created through the base method, a check for any attributes deriving from our new abstract base attribute MetadataAttribute is made, the Process method is then called on any existing custom attributes with the model meta data for the property passed in.   Hooking it up The last thing you need to do to hook it up is set the new CustomModelMetadataProvider as the current ModelMetadataProvider, this is done within the Global.asax Application_Start method. Global.asax protected void Application_Start()         {             AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();               RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);               ModelMetadataProviders.Current = new CustomModelMetadataProvider();         }   In my next post, I’m going to demonstrate a cool custom attribute that turns a textbox into an ajax driven AutoComplete text box. Hope this is useful. Kind Regards, Sean McAlinden.

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  • Backbone.js (model instanceof Model) via Chrome Extension

    - by Leoncelot
    Hey guys, This is my first time ever posting on this site and the problem I'm about to pose is difficult to articulate due to the set of variables required to arrive at it. Let me just quickly explain the framework I'm working with. I'm building a Chrome Extension using jQuery, jQuery-ui, and Backbone The entire JS suite for the extension is written in CoffeeScript and I'm utilizing Rails and the asset pipeline to manage it all. This means that when I want to deploy my extension code I run rake assets:precompile and copy the resulting compressed JS to my extensions Directory. The nice thing about this approach is that I can actually run the extension js from inside my Rails app by including the library. This is basically the same as my extensions background.js file which injects the js as a content script. Anyway, the problem I've recently encountered was when I tried testing my extension on my buddy's site, whiskeynotes.com. What I was noticing is that my backbone models were being mangled upon adding them to their respective collections. So something like this.collection.add(new SomeModel) created some nonsense version of my model. This code eventually runs into Backbone's prepareModel code _prepareModel: function(model, options) { options || (options = {}); if (!(model instanceof Model)) { var attrs = model; options.collection = this; model = new this.model(attrs, options); if (!model._validate(model.attributes, options)) model = false; } else if (!model.collection) { model.collection = this; } return model; }, Now, in most of the sites on which I've tested the extension, the result is normal, however on my buddy's site the !(model instance Model) evaluates to true even though it is actually an instance of the correct class. The consequence is a super messed up version of the model where the model's attributes is a reference to the models collection (strange right?). Needless to say, all kinds of crazy things were happening afterward. Why this is occurring is beyond me. However changing this line (!(model instanceof Model)) to (!(model instanceof Backbone.Model)) seems to fix the problem. I thought maybe it had something to do with the Flot library (jQuery graph library) creating their own version of 'Model' but looking through the source yielded no instances of it. I'm just curious as to why this would happen. And does it make sense to add this little change to the Backbone source? Update: I just realized that the "fix" doesn't actually work. I can also add that my backbone Models are namespaced in a wrapping object so that declaration looks something like class SomeNamespace.SomeModel extends Backbone.Model

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  • Web application / Domain model integration using JSON capable DTOs [on hold]

    - by g-makulik
    I'm a bit confused about architectural choices for the web-applications/java/python world. For c/c++ world the available (open source) choices to implement web applications is pretty limited to zero, involving java or python the choices explode to a,- hard to sort out -, mess of available 'frameworks' and application approaches. I want to sort out a clean MVC model, where the M stands for a fully blown (POCO, POJO driven) domain model (according M.Fowler's EAA pattern) using a mature OO language (Java,C++) for implementation. The background is: I have a system with certain hardware components (that introduce system immanent active behavior) and a configuration database for system meta and HW-components configuration data (these are even usually self contained, since the HW-components are capable to persist their configuration data anyway). For realization of the configuration/status data exchange protocol with the HW-components we have chosen the Google Protobuf format, which works well for the directly wired communication with these components. This protocol is already used successfully with a Java based GUI application via TCP/IP connection to the main system controlling HW-component. This application has some drawbacks and design flaws for historical reasons. Now we want to develop an abstract model (domain model) for configuration and monitoring those HW-components, that represents a more use case oriented view to the overall system behavior. I have the feeling that a plain Java class model would fit best for this (c++ implementation seems to have too much implementation/integration overhead with viable language-bridge interfaces). Google Protobuf message definitions could still serve well to describe DTO objects used to interact with a domain model API. But integrating Google Protobuf messages client side for e.g. data binding in the current view doesn't seem to be a good choice. I'm thinking about some extra serialization features, e.g. for JSON based data exchange with the views/controllers. Most lightweight solutions seem to involve a python based presentation layer using JSON based data transfer (I'm at least not sure to be fully informed about this). Is there some lightweight (applicable for a limited ARM Linux platform) framework available, supporting such architecture to realize a web-application? UPDATE: According to my recent research and comments of colleagues I've noticed that using Java (and some JVM) might not be the preferable choice for integration with python on a limited linux system as we have (running on ARM9 with hard to discuss memory and MCU costs), but C/C++ modules would do well for this (since this forms the native interface to python extensions, doesn't it?). I can imagine to provide a domain model from an appropriate C/C++ API (though I still think it's more efforts and higher skill requirements for the involved developers to do with these languages). Still I'm searching for a good approach that supports such architecture. I'll appreciate any pointers!

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  • Camera not staying behind model while moving in circle

    - by ChocoMan
    I have a camera behind a model (3rd Person) and I'm having problems KEEPING it behind the model. When I first start my game, you see the back of the model. If the model moves forward, backward or strafe left or right, the camera moves along accordingly. When the model rotates (stationary), the camera rotates accordingly with the model still pointing at the model's back. So far, so good. The problem comes when the player is BOTH moving and rotating at the same time. Take for example a model moving in a circular pattern like running around a track. As the model moves in this motion, the model rotates slightly more with each complete rotation. Eventually, instead of looking at the model's back, eventually you will see the model in a profile view and before you know it, the model's front is facing the camera. And when you stop moving the model, the model stays in that position. So, as long as my model is stationary and rotating in one place, the camera rotates correctly. But as soon as there is any sort movement while rotating, the model is offset by a mysterious increasing amount. How can I keep the camera maintaining the same view no matter how I move AND rotate at the same time? // Rotates model and pitches camera on its own axis public void modelRotMovement(GamePadState pController) { /* For rotating the model left or right. * Camera maintains distance from model * throughout rotation and if model moves * to a new position. */ Yaw = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.X * MathHelper.ToRadians(speedAngleMAX); AddRotation = Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(Vector3.Up, yaw); //AddRotation = Quaternion.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(Yaw, 0, 0); ModelLoad.MRotation *= AddRotation; MOrientation = Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(ModelLoad.MRotation); Pitch = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.Y * MathHelper.ToRadians(speedAngleMAX); AddPitch = Quaternion.CreateFromAxisAngle(Vector3.Up, pitch); ModelLoad.CRotation *= AddPitch; COrientation = Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(ModelLoad.CRotation); } // Orbit (yaw) Camera around model public void cameraYaw(float yaw) { Vector3 yawAngle = ModelLoad.CameraPos - ModelLoad.camTarget; Vector3 axisYaw = Vector3.Up; ModelLoad.CameraPos = Vector3.Transform(yawAngle, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(axisYaw, yaw)) + ModelLoad.camTarget; }

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  • Move model forward base on model orientation

    - by ChocoMan
    My model rotates on it's own Y-axis regardless of where it is in the world. Here are the controls for the left ThumbStick: UP (move model forward on Z-Axis) DOWN (move model backward on Z-Axis) LEFT & RIGHT (strafe to either side) The problem is adjusting the direction the model's orientation UP and DOWN if the player should also rotate the player while moving forward or backwards. An example what Im trying to achieve would be a car doing donuts. The car is always facing the current direction that it interprets as forward (or rear as backwards) in relation to it's local rotation. Here is how Im calling the movement: // Rotate model with Right Thumbstick along X-Axis modelRotation -= pController.ThumbSticks.Right.X * mRotSpeed; // Move Forward if (pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickUp)) { modelPosition.Z -= -pController.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * speed; } // Move Backward if (pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickDown)) { modelPosition.Z += pController.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * speed; } // Strafe Left if (pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickLeft)) { modelPosition.X += -pController.ThumbSticks.Left.X * speed; } // Strafe Right if (pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickRight)) { modelPosition.X -= pController.ThumbSticks.Left.X * speed; } // DeadZone if (!pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickUp) && !pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickDown) && !pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickLeft) && !pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickRight)) { }

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  • scala actor message definition

    - by BenZen
    Do i need to define class for message i want to retrieve on a scala actor? i trying to get this up where am i wrong def act() { loop { react { case Meet = foundMeet = true ; goHome case Feromone(qty) if (foundMeet == true) = sender ! Feromone(qty+1); goHome }}}

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  • How to remove a model object from an EMF model and its GEF Editor via Adapter

    - by s.d
    This question is principally a follow-up to my question about EMF listening mechanisms. So, I have a third-party EMF model (uneditable) which is based on a generic graph model. The structure is as follows: Project | ItemGraph | Item | Document | DocumentGraph / | \ Tokens Nodes Relations(Edges) I have a GEF editor which works on the DocumentGraph (i.e., not the root object, perhaps this is a problem?): getGraphicalViewer().setContents(documentGraph). THe editor has the following edit part structure: DocumentGraphEP / \ Primary Connection LayerEP LayerEP / \ | TokenEP NodeEP RelationEP PrimaryLayerEP and ConnectionLayerEP both have simple Strings as model, which are not represented in the EMF (domain) model. They are simply used to add a primary (i.e., node) layer, and a connection layer (with ShortestPathConnectionRouter) to the editor. Problem: I am trying to get myself into the workings of EMF adapters, and have tried to make use of the available tutorials, mainly the EMF-GEF Eclipse tutorial, vainolo's blog, and vogella's tutorial. I thought I'd start with an easy thing, so tried to remove a node from the graph and see if I get it to work. Which I didn't, and I don't see where the problem is. I can select a node, and have the generic delete Action in my toolbar, but when I click it, nothing happens. Here is the respective source code for the different responsible parts. Please be so kind to point me to any errors (of thinking, coding errors, whathaveyou) you can find. NodeEditPart public class NodeEditPart extends AbstractGraphicalEditPart implements Adapter { protected IFigure createFigure() { return new NodeFigure(); } protected void createEditPolicies() { .... installEditPolicy(EditPolicy.COMPONENT_ROLE, new NodeComponentEditPolicy()); } protected void refreshVisuals() { NodeFigure figure = (NodeFigure) getFigure(); SNode model = (SNode) getModel(); PrimaryLayerEditPart parent = (PrimaryLayerEditPart) getParent(); // Set text figure.getLabel().setText(model.getSName()); .... } public void activate() { if (isActive()) return; // start listening for changes in the model ((Notifier)getModel()).eAdapters().add(this); super.activate(); } public void deactivate() { if (!isActive()) return; // stop listening for changes in the model ((Notifier)getModel()).eAdapters().remove(this); super.deactivate(); } private Notifier getSDocumentGraph() { return ((SNode)getModel()).getSDocumentGraph(); } @Override public void notifyChanged(Notification notification) { int type = notification.getEventType(); switch( type ) { case Notification.ADD: case Notification.ADD_MANY: case Notification.REMOVE: case Notification.REMOVE_MANY: refreshChildren(); break; case Notification.SET: refreshVisuals(); break; } } @Override public Notifier getTarget() { return target; } @Override public void setTarget(Notifier newTarget) { this.target = newTarget; } @Override public boolean isAdapterForType(Object type) { return type.equals(getModel().getClass()); } } NodeComponentEditPolicy public class NodeComponentEditPolicy extends ComponentEditPolicy { public NodeComponentEditPolicy() { super(); } protected Command createDeleteCommand(GroupRequest deleteRequest) { DeleteNodeCommand cmd = new DeleteNodeCommand(); cmd.setSNode((SNode) getHost().getModel()); return cmd; } } DeleteNodeCommand public class DeleteNodeCommand extends Command { private SNode node; private SDocumentGraph graph; @Override public void execute() { node.setSDocumentGraph(null); } @Override public void undo() { node.setSDocumentGraph(graph); } public void setSNode(SNode node) { this.node = node; this.graph = node.getSDocumentGraph(); } } All seems to work fine: When a node is selected in the editor, the delete symbol is activated in the toolbar, but when it is clicked, nothing happens in the editor. I'd be very thankful for any pointers :).

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  • Camera wont stay behind model after pitch, then rotation

    - by ChocoMan
    I have a camera position behind a model. Currently, if I push the left thumbstick making my model move forward, backward, or strafe, the camera stays with the model. If I push the right thumbstick left or right, the model rotates in those directions fine along with the camera rotating while maintaining its position relatively behind the model. But when I pitch the model up or down, then rotate the model afterwards, the camera moves slightly rotates in a clock-like fashion behind the model. If I do a few rotations of the model and try to pitch the camera, the camera will eventually be looking at the side, then eventually the front of the model while also rotating in a clock-like fashion. My question is, how do I keep the camera to pitch up and down behind the model no matter how much the model has rotated? Here is what I got: // Rotates model and pitches camera on its own axis public void modelRotMovement(GamePadState pController) { // Rotates Camera with model Yaw = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.X * MathHelper.ToRadians(angularSpeed); // Pitches Camera around model Pitch = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.Y * MathHelper.ToRadians(angularSpeed); AddRotation = Quaternion.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(Yaw, 0, 0); ModelLoad.MRotation *= AddRotation; MOrientation = Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(ModelLoad.MRotation); } // Orbit (yaw) Camera around with model (only seeing back of model) public void cameraYaw(Vector3 axisYaw, float yaw) { ModelLoad.CameraPos = Vector3.Transform(ModelLoad.CameraPos - ModelLoad.camTarget, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(axisYaw, yaw)) + ModelLoad.camTarget; } // Raise camera above or below model's shoulders public void cameraPitch(Vector3 axisPitch, float pitch) { ModelLoad.CameraPos = Vector3.Transform(ModelLoad.CameraPos - ModelLoad.camTarget, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(axisPitch, pitch)) + ModelLoad.camTarget; } // Call in update method public void updateCamera() { cameraYaw(Vector3.Up, Yaw); cameraPitch(Vector3.Right, Pitch); } NOTE: I tried to use addPitch just like addRotation but it didn't work...

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  • Rails - Accessing model class methods from within ActiveRecord model

    - by aaronrussell
    I have a simple standalone model that doesn't inherit from ActiveRecord or anything else, called SmsSender. As the name suggests, it delivers text messages to an SMS gateway. I also have an ActiveRecord model called SmsMessage which has an instance method called deliver: def deliver SmsSender.deliver_message(self) self.update_attributes :status => "Sent" end The above is returning uninitialized constant SmsSender. I'm sure this is dead simple, but how can I access the SmsSender class from within my model?

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  • Problem with AssetManager while loading a Model type

    - by user1204548
    Today I've tried the AssetManager for the first time with .g3db files and I'm having some problems. Exception in thread "LWJGL Application" com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Couldn't load dependencies of asset: data/data at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetManager.handleTaskError(AssetManager.java:508) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetManager.update(AssetManager.java:342) at com.lostchg.martagdx3d.MartaGame.render(MartaGame.java:78) at com.badlogic.gdx.Game.render(Game.java:46) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication.mainLoop(LwjglApplication.java:207) at com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication$1.run(LwjglApplication.java:114) Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Couldn't load dependencies of asset: data/data at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetLoadingTask.handleAsyncLoader(AssetLoadingTask.java:119) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetLoadingTask.update(AssetLoadingTask.java:89) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetManager.updateTask(AssetManager.java:445) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetManager.update(AssetManager.java:340) ... 4 more Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Couldn't load file: data/data at com.badlogic.gdx.utils.async.AsyncResult.get(AsyncResult.java:31) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetLoadingTask.handleAsyncLoader(AssetLoadingTask.java:117) ... 7 more Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: Couldn't load file: data/data at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Pixmap.<init>(Pixmap.java:140) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.loaders.TextureLoader.loadAsync(TextureLoader.java:72) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.loaders.TextureLoader.loadAsync(TextureLoader.java:41) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetLoadingTask.call(AssetLoadingTask.java:69) at com.badlogic.gdx.assets.AssetLoadingTask.call(AssetLoadingTask.java:34) at com.badlogic.gdx.utils.async.AsyncExecutor$2.call(AsyncExecutor.java:49) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source) Caused by: com.badlogic.gdx.utils.GdxRuntimeException: File not found: data\data (Internal) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.read(FileHandle.java:132) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.length(FileHandle.java:586) at com.badlogic.gdx.files.FileHandle.readBytes(FileHandle.java:220) at com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Pixmap.<init>(Pixmap.java:137) ... 9 more Why it tries to load that unexisting file? It seems that the AssetManager manages to load my .g3db file at first, because earlier the java console threw some errors related to the textures associated to the 3D scene having to be a power of 2. Relevant code: public void show() { ... assets = new AssetManager(); assets.load("data/levelprueba2.g3db", Model.class); loading = true; ... } private void doneLoading() { Model model = assets.get("data/levelprueba2.g3db", Model.class); for (int i = 0; i < model.nodes.size; i++) { String id = model.nodes.get(i).id; ModelInstance instance = new ModelInstance(model, id); Node node = instance.getNode(id); instance.transform.set(node.globalTransform); node.translation.set(0,0,0); node.scale.set(1,1,1); node.rotation.idt(); instance.calculateTransforms(); instances.add(instance); } loading = false; } public void render(float delta) { super.render(delta); if (loading && assets.update()) doneLoading(); ... } The error points to the line with the assets.update() method. Please, help! Sorry for my bad English and my amateurish doubts.

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  • DDD Model Design and Repository Persistence Performance Considerations

    - by agarhy
    So I have been reading about DDD for some time and trying to figure out the best approach on several issues. I tend to agree that I should design my model in a persistent agnostic manner. And that repositories should load and persist my models in valid states. But are these approaches realistic practically? I mean its normal for a model to hold a reference to a collection of another type. Persisting that model should mean persist the entire collection. Fine. But do I really need to load the entire collection every time I load the model? Probably not. So I can have specialized repositories. Some that load maybe a subset of the object graph via DTOs and others that load the entire object graph. But when do I use which? If I have DTOs, what's stopping client code from directly calling them and completely bypassing the model? I can have mappers and factories to create my models from DTOs maybe? But depending on the design of my models that might not always work. Or it might not allow my models to be created in a valid state. What's the correct approach here?

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  • Keeping game model and graphics/animation separate but in sync

    - by AJM
    Suppose I'm building a chess game where I want to have animations. Pieces glide to their new squares when moved. Pieces perform attack animations when capturing other pieces. I'm not sure how to effectively separate the data and logic needed for these animations and the actual game model (in the MVC sense). The pieces themselves should ideally not have to worry about their pixel coordinates or current animation frame. At the same time, many changes to the model are effectively driven by animations. A moved piece changes its position after (before?) its sprite is done gliding. A piece is removed from the board after the capturing piece is finished its attack animation. How would you suggest I manage the game model, the graphics and animations, and their relationships? For example, where would the animations "live"? How would animations be created and managed in response to player moves? How would animations drive updates to the game model, or how would the game model drive animations?

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  • How can I attach a model to the bone of another model?

    - by kaykayman
    I am trying to attach one animated model to one of the bones of another animated model in an XNA game. I've found a few questions/forum posts/articles online which explain how to attach a weapon model to the bone of another model (which is analogous to what I'm trying to achieve), but they don't seem to work for me. So as an example: I want to attach Model A to a specific bone in Model B. Question 1. As I understand it, I need to calculate the transforms which are applied to the bone on Model B and apply these same transforms to every bone in Model A. Is this right? Question 2. This is my code for calculating the Transforms on a specific bone. private Matrix GetTransformPaths(ModelBone bone) { Matrix result = Matrix.Identity; while (bone != null) { result = result * bone.Transform; bone = bone.Parent; } return result; } The maths of Matrices is almost entirely lost on me, but my understanding is that the above will work its way up the bone structure to the root bone and my end result will be the transform of the original bone relative to the model. Is this right? Question 3. Assuming that this is correct I then expect that I should either apply this to each bone in Model A, or in my Draw() method: private void DrawModel(SceneModel model, GameTime gametime) { foreach (var component in model.Components) { Matrix[] transforms = new Matrix[component.Model.Bones.Count]; component.Model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(transforms); Matrix parenttransform = Matrix.Identity; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(component.ParentBone)) parenttransform = GetTransformPaths(model.GetBone(component.ParentBone)); component.Player.Update(gametime.ElapsedGameTime, true, Matrix.Identity); Matrix[] bones = component.Player.GetSkinTransforms(); foreach (SkinnedEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.SetBoneTransforms(bones); effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); effect.World = transforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.ToRadians(model.Angle)) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(model.Position) * parenttransform; effect.View = getView(); effect.Projection = getProjection(); effect.Alpha = model.Opacity; } } mesh.Draw(); } I feel as though I have tried every conceivable way of incorporating the parenttransform value into the draw method. The above is my most recent attempt. Is what I'm trying to do correct? And if so, is there a reason it doesn't work? The above Draw method seems to transpose the models x/z position - but even at these wrong positions, they do not account for the animation of Model B at all. Note: As will be evident from the code my "model" is comprised of a list of "components". It is these "components" that correspond to a single "Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.Model"

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  • Recommended Model Based Testing Tools

    - by ModelTester
    Does anyone have any suggestions on what Model Based Testing Tools to use? Is Spec Explorer/SPEC# worth it's weight in tester training? What I have traditionally done is create a Visio Model where I call out the states and associated variables, outputs and expected results from each state. Then in a completely disconnected way, I data drive my test scripts with those variables based on that model. But, they are not connected. I want a way to create a model, associate the variables in a business friendly way, that will then build the data parameters for the scripts. I can't be the first person to need this. Is there a tool out there that will do basically that? Short of developing it myself.

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  • SQL SERVER – Creating All New Database with Full Recovery Model

    - by pinaldave
    Sometimes, complex problems have very simple solutions. Let us see the following email which I received recently. “Hi Pinal, In our system when we create new database, by default, they are all created with the Simple Recovery Model. We have to manually change the recovery model after we create the database. We used the following simple T-SQL code: CREATE DATABASE dbname. We are very frustrated with this situation. We want all our databases to have the Full Recovery Model option by default. We are considering the following methods; please suggest the most efficient one among them. 1) Creating a Policy; when it is violated, the database model can be fixed 2) Triggers at Server Level 3) Automated Job which goes through all the databases and checks their recovery model; if the DBA has not changed the model, then the job will list the Databases and change their recovery model Also, we have a situation where we need a database in the Simple Recovery Model as well – how to white list them? Please suggest the best method.” Indeed, an interesting email! The answer to their question, i.e., which is the best method to fit their needs (white list, default, etc)? It will be NONE of the above. Here is the solution in one line and also the easiest way: Just go to your Model database: Path in SSMS >> Databases > System Databases >> model >> Right Click Properties >> Options >> Recovery Model - Select Full from dropdown. Every newly created database takes its base template from the Model Database. If you create a custom SP in the Model Database, when you create a new database, it will automatically exist in that database. Any database that was already created before making changes in the Model Database will not be affected at all. Creating Policy is also a good method, and I will blog about this in a separate blog post, but looking at current specifications of the reader, I think the Model Database should be modified to have a Full Recovery Option. While writing this blog post, I remembered my another blog post where the model database log file was growing drastically even though there were no transactions SQL SERVER – Log File Growing for Model Database – model Database Log File Grew Too Big. NOTE: Please do not touch the Model Database unnecessary. It is a strict “No.” If you want to create an object that you need in all the databases, then instead of creating it in model database, I suggest that you create a new database called maintenance and create the object there. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, Readers Question, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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