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  • Generating a record of the full(-ish) package management state

    - by intuited
    I'm about to make some system changes and I'd like to have a record of my current happy system state. Is there a convenient way to create a record of this? I'd like to keep track of info like currently installed packages and their versions which packages are pinned at what version which source (as in /etc/apt/sources.list) they were installed from whether they were installed directly or automatically installed as a dependency of a different package "unknown unknowns": ie stuff that I don't know that I should be keeping track of but which may be important when trying to figure out why something doesn't work In short, I'd like to keep as much of the aptitude database as possible. What's the best way to do this? It would be nice if the resulting records were easily readable, though this is not really essential. It would be extra nice if it were readily versionable through an SCM tool like git. There is a superuser question that partially answers this, but it only provides the list of currently installed packages.

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  • Troubleshooting iptables and configuring it to drop the priority of long-term connections

    - by intuited
    I'm somewhat familiar with the general concepts of iptables, and would like to learn it in more detail. I'm hoping that my learning experience can also be useful. The situation: I'm running dd-wrt on my router. Despite its purported QoS skills, I'm still seeing connection latency shoot up hugely whenever there's an ongoing http connection, eg some large download. Under such conditions, it can take 10 seconds or more to load a basic webpage; sometimes the connections are dropped entirely. I've tried adjusting the parameters, dropping the allotted bandwidth for up and download to well under my limit, but nothing seems to work. dd-wrt is configured to use HTB as the QoS algorithm; HFSC, although presented as an option, seems to cause the router to crash, and is rumoured to not actually work on any linux system. I'd like to be able to troubleshoot this issue and hopefully improve the settings that dd-wrt is using, but I'm finding the learning curve a bit overwhelming. For starters I am not sure what HTB actually specifies: is this a set of iptables commands, or do some of those commands specify how HTB is to be used? I would like it to prioritize based on protocol the way that it already supposed to, and in addition I'd like to have it drop the priority of connections which have a high total byte count, say over 400KB. Also tips on utilities that can be run under dd-wrt to get more info on what's going on in there are appreciated. I've tried to get iftop to work but there were issues running curses. I'm leaning towards replacing dd-wrt with openwrt; comments on this strategy are also welcome. I suspect that I would be well advised to get a second router as a standin before trying that. It may be worth noting that my total bandwidth is pretty limited (256Kbit/s).

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  • Testing home directory scripts by setting $HOME to the location of the test directory

    - by intuited
    I have an interdependent collection of scripts in my ~/bin directory as well as a developed ~/.vim directory and some other libraries and such in other subdirectories. I've been versioning all of this using git, and have realized that it would be potentially very easy and useful to do development and testing of new and existing scripts, vim plugins, etc. using a cloned repo, and then pull the working code into my actual home directory with a merge. The easiest way to do this would seem to be to just change & export $HOME, eg cd ~/testing; git clone ~ home export HOME=~/testing/home cd ~ screen -S testing-home # start vim, write/revise plugins, edit scripts, etc. # test revisions However since I've never tried this before I'm concerned that some programs, environment variables, etc., may end up using my actual home directory instead of the exported one. Is this a viable strategy? Are there just a few outliers that I should be careful about? Is there a much better way to do this sort of thing?

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  • virtualbox snapshot size

    - by intuited
    I've started using Windows 7 under VirtualBox on an Ubuntu 10.10 host. I took about 6 snapshots over the course of setting up the VM from the Windows restore image that came with the computer. My installations were more or less limited to windows updates, antivirus, and the VB Guest Additions. I uninstalled much more than I installed. The VM was running for about 24 hours total. The snapshots increased in size at a worrisome rate, even when the machine was idle: the snapshot .vdi file for the period between 11:22 PM and 9:02 AM is 6 gigs in size; during that time very little happened. The other .vdi files are between 0.5 and 3 GB, most between 1 and 2 GB. The corresponding .sav files are between 0.5 and 1 GB. The Internet connection where I was doing this is limited to 30KB/s download, which, constantly saturated, works out to less than 3 GB per 24 hour period. Is this normal? Is there something that can be done to make snapshots more practical? update On starting up the VM again, I've noticed that mscorsvw is using significant processing time. Apparently this process [precompiles .NET assemblies]. This may have been going on during the period when I was taking snapshots, which might explain some of the snapshot size increase. I would be somewhat surprised to learn that this could be responsible for over 10 GB of additional disk usage, or that it would run for roughly 24 hours. Is this possible?

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  • Tuning Windows 7 for use in a VM

    - by intuited
    I'm running Windows 7 in a VirtualBox Virtual Machine, and would like to make it run in a more streamlined fashion. I'll be using the install primarily for testing web apps, and have no need for it to run quickly. I would like it to run with minimal memory requirements, and with minimal changes to its virtual hard drive's contents. Changes to the hard drive contents, for example the paging file, result in larger snapshot sizes. Another recent post of mine seems to be related to this issue, but does not directly address issues with Windows. One concern that I have is that Windows seems to be using 17% of its paging file even with over 900MB of memory marked "Standby" or "Free". My uneducated guess is that this is being used to store indexes or some other data that helps to speed up the system but is not really necessary. I'm also wondering if it's normal for Windows to use over 500 MB of "In Use" memory with no apps running. Will this amount decrease if I reduce the amount of "installed" memory in the VM? What steps can I take to reduce the system's memory footprint without incurring an increase in paging file usage?

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  • Synchronization of volume snapshots when doing whole system backups

    - by intuited
    Is there a way to guarantee consistency across volumes when doing backups from LVM snapshots? Consider this scenario: Some system upgrade is in progress. It will write some files to the /usr volume, and once completed, will record success in the /var volume. As the upgrade is just about complete, I run a backup script that creates snapshots of the /usr and /var volumes, along with the rest of the system's volumes, and proceeds to create backups from those snapshots. Just before the upgrade's last write/flush on the /usr volume completes, the backup script takes its snapshot of /usr. That write completes, and the upgrade operation's success is quickly recorded in the nebulous depths of /var. The backup script takes a snapshot of /var. The backup script creates backups from the snapshots it has, er, snapshotted. So the result of all of this tomfoolery is that the resulting /usr backup contains a file which is missing a few bits, and the /var backup contains metadata indicating that that file is complete and approved for use. Without delving into the details of which operating systems' system upgrade systems would be unfazed by such trifles, is there a way to avoid such problems? At the least this seems like it could cause some application to fail unexpectedly after restoration of such a backup.

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  • GNU screen configuration for optimal keycode recognition

    - by intuited
    Currently GNU screen will botch up certain keystrokes, for example CTRL pressed in combination with the arrow keys, so that eg when in vim insert mode, CTRL-PGUp will Uppercase the next/current word (or something like that). I'd like for it to work pretty much transparently, so that the functionality is the same as when it's not running (with the obvious exception of CTRL-a control sequences)... is this possible? Also — and I suspect this is more or less a separate issue — I'd like for the scrollwheel to scroll back in the session log rather than cycling through the history as it does now. Doable? Or perhaps it could be set to emulate a much larger screen size that the terminal app that it's running under could keep that text in its session log. either way the goal would be to be able to use the mouse wheel and/or shift-up-arrow to scroll back in the session log.

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  • 3½" PATA Western Digital Caviar SE (250MB) makes steady ticking sound when idle

    - by intuited
    I've started to notice a ticking sound emanating from my WD2500JB. It is not alarmingly loud. The sound seems to occur only when the drive has been idle for some time, and will cease upon (some?) disk activity. The sound has a regular, steady cadence of somewhere between about 4 and 6 ticks per second. I'm not entirely certain that it just started making these sounds, since I previously had the drive — mounted in a USB enclosure — stored out of earshot, and only recently moved it to where I can hear it. The SMART attributes for the drive do not indicate any problems. I did have some errors to clean up recently (since I started noticing the sounds). The errors occurred on an ext3 filesystem. The drive had been powered down while mounted a few times prior to that fsck. Is this cause for alarm? Should I scrap the drive on principle?

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  • synchronization of file locations between two machines

    - by intuited
    Although similar threads have been asked on this site and its siblings before, I've not managed to glean the answer to this persistent question. Any help is much appreciated. The situation: I've got two laptops; both contain a ton of music. Sometimes I move these music files to different locations, or change the metadata in them, or convert them to a different format. I might do any of these things on either machine. I rarely do all of them at once — ie it's unlikely that I'll convert a file's format and move it to a different location all in one go. I'd like to be able to synchronize these changes without having to sift through everything that was renamed or moved. I'm familiar with rsync but I find it inadequate, because although it can compute checksums, it doesn't have any way to store them. So if a file differs, it can't figure out which side it changed on. This also means that it can't attempt to match a missing file to a new one with the same checksum (ie a move) if the filesize and date are the same, it , so it takes an epoch to do a sync on a large repository. I would like to only check the checksum if the files even if you turn on checksumming, it still doesn't use it intelligently: ie it checksums files even if the sizes differ. IIRC. it's not able to use file metadata as a means of file comparison. this is sort of a wishlist item but it seems doable. I've also looked into rsnapshot, but its requirement to create a full backup is impractical in this situation. I don't need a backup, I just need a record of what file with each hash was where when. Unison seems like it might be able to do something vaguely along these lines, but I'm loathe to spend hours wading through its details only to discover that it's sadly lacking. Plus, it's fun asking questions on here. What I'd like is a tool that does something along these lines: keeps track of file checksums or of actual renames, possibly using inotify to greatly reduce resource consumption/latency stores a database containing this info, along with other pertinencies like the file format and metadata, the actual inode, the filename history, etc. uses this info to provide more-intelligent synchronization with a counterpart on the other side. So for example: if a file has been converted from flac to ogg, but kept the same base filename, or the same metadata, it should be able to send the new version over, and the other side should delete the original. Probably it should actually sequester it somewhere in case they or you screwed up, but that's a detail. And then when the transaction is done, the state is logged so that the next time the two interact they can work out their differences. Maybe all this metadata stuff is a fancy pipe dream. I would actually be pretty happy if there was something out there that could just use checksums in an intelligent way. This would be sort of like having the intelligence of something like git, minus the need to duplicate data in an index/backup/etc (and branching, and checkouts, and all the other great stuff that RCSs do. basically just fast forward commit pushes are all I want, with maybe the option to roll back.) So is there something out there that can do this? If not, can someone suggest a good way to start making it?

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  • synchronous network audio

    - by intuited
    I'd like to have an audio transmission shared among computers on a LAN. Although there are various systems to do this -- shoutcast/icecast, pulseaudio, etc. -- I'm not aware of any that provide synchronization. I'd like to have different computers in the house playing the same audio, and have the same sample playing at the same time. Is there a system which can do this?

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  • use of gnome-keyring-daemon without X

    - by intuited
    I'm wondering if it is possible to use gnome-keyring-daemon without X. Normally it will present a graphical prompt in order to acquire a password for the keyring; is there a way around this? I'd like to be able to use ubuntu one without having to start a graphical session and type in my password.

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  • Upgrading only certain packages via the getdeb repo

    - by intuited
    I'm a bit confused about how getdeb.net works now. The last time I got a package from there was a while ago; at that point the procedure was that you would just download a .deb for each package that you wanted to install/upgrade and then install it using dpkg -i. However the inexorable march of progress has lent its trumpets to this system as well, and getdeb installs are now done via their repo, which is registered with apt in /etc/apt/sources.list.d, after you install a single package that makes the changes to the apt database. I've installed that package, and I've discovered that aptitude dist-upgrade now wants to upgrade a lot of packages on my system that weren't ready for upgrades prior to the installation of the getdeb package. If I rename the file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list to something with a different extension, then do aptitude update && aptitude dist-upgrade, it stops wanting to upgrade packages. So I gather that the default behaviour is now to upgrade all packages to the version available at getdeb. This is not particularly appropriate, since these packages are not as well tested as the officially released versions. Is there a config setting somewhere that will prevent upgrading packages to versions from the getdeb repo unless this action is specifically selected? I'd like to be able to pick and choose what packages are upgraded via getdeb.

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  • DNS lookup aliasing of hostnames (not IP aliases), probably via dnsmasq

    - by intuited
    I'd like to be able to set up a host, say "eg", to be an alias to some server on the internet, say "example.example.com". I just need this functionality to be available from my local machine. I'm running dnsmasq on that machine, which is running ubuntu 9.10. Is there a way to configure dnsmasq or the resolver subsystem (including avahi) to resolve that alias hostname via the actual hostname, so that eg will resolve to the ip address of example.example.com?

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  • getting rich text from the X clipboard

    - by intuited
    How can rich text be obtained from the X clipboard? For example, if you copy some text from a web browser and paste it into kompozer, it pastes as HTML, with links etc. preserved. However, xclip -o for the same selection just outputs plain text. I'd like to pull the HTML out and into a text editor.

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  • saving data from a failing drive

    - by intuited
    An external 3½" HDD seems to be in danger of failing — it's making ticking sounds when idle. I've acquired a replacement drive, and want to know the best strategy to get the data off of the dubious drive with the best chance of saving as much as possible. There are some directories that are more important than others. However, I'm guessing that picking and choosing directories is going to reduce my chances of saving the whole thing. I would also have to mount it, dump a file listing, and then unmount it in order to be able to effectively prioritize directories. Adding in the fact that it's time-consuming to do this, I'm leaning away from this approach. I've considered just using dd, but I'm not sure how it would handle read errors or other problems that might prevent only certain parts of the data from being rescued, or which could be overcome with some retries, but not so many that they endanger other parts of the drive from being saved. I guess ideally it would do a single pass to get as much as possible and then go back to retry anything that was missed due to errors. Is it possible that copying more slowly — e.g. pausing every x MB/GB — would be better than just running the operation full tilt, for example to avoid any overheating issues? For the "where is your backup" crowd: this actually is my backup drive, but it also contains some non-critical and bulky stuff, like music, that aren't backups, i.e. aren't backed up. The drive has not exhibited any clear signs of failure other than this somewhat ominous sound. I did have to fsck a few errors recently — orphaned inodes, incorrect free blocks/inodes counts, inode bitmap differences, zero dtime on deleted inodes; about 20 errors in all. The filesystem of the partition is ext3.

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  • running a laptop continuously

    - by intuited
    I have an experienced laptop — a Dell Latitude D400, with a Pentium M CPU — that I'd like to run as an always-on server. This model was launched in 2004; I got mine second-hand in about 2007. I've heard that continuous operation is generally not a good idea with consumer hardware, but am lacking in specific knowledge about related problems, and have little idea of how much such usage patterns would reduce the lifespan of the machine. I'm mostly concerned with the unit's core components; parts such as the hard drive which are readily replaceable are, well, readily replaceable. What sorts of things can I do to increase the lifespan of this machine under such circumstances? For example, I'm guessing that it would be wise to limit the CPU frequency or take other steps to keep the internal temperature low. However, I'm not sure where the point of diminishing returns would lie with such an approach — 50°C? 40°C? Would it be useful to suspend the machine periodically, for perhaps an hour each day, or a few hours each week?

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  • How to back up initial state of external backup drive?

    - by intuited
    I've picked up an HP Simplesave external drive. It comes with some fancy software that is of no use to me because I don't use Windows. Like many current consumer-targeted backup drives, the backup software is actually contained on the drive itself. I'd like to save the drive's initial state so that I can restore it if I decide to sell it. The backup box itself is somewhat customized: in addition to the hard drive device, it presents a CDROM-like device on /dev/sr0. I gather that the purpose of this cdrom device is to bootstrap via Windows autoplay the backup application which lives on the disk itself. I wouldn't suppose any guarantees about how it does this, so it seems important to preserve the exact state of the disk. The drive is formatted with a single 500GB NTFS partition. My initial thought was to use dd to dump the disk (/dev/sdb) itself, but this proved impractical, as the resulting file was not sparse. This seemed to be because the NTFS empty space is not filled with zeroes, but with a repeating series of 16 bytes. I tried gzipping the output of dd. This reduced to the file to a manageable size — the first 18GB was compressed to 81MB, versus 47MB to tarball the contents of the mounted filesystem — but it was very slow on my admittedly somewhat derelict Pentium M processor. The time to do that first 18GB was about 30 minutes. So I've resorted to dumping the disk state and partition data separately. I've dumped the partition state with sfdisk -d /dev/sdb > sfdisk.-d.out I've also created a compressed image of the NTFS partition (the only one on the disk) with ntfsclone --save-image --output - /dev/sdb1 | gzip -c > ntfsclone.img.gz Is there anything else I should do to ensure that I can restore the precise original state of the drive?

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  • screen scraper templates for various websites

    - by intuited
    I'm looking specifically for a convenient way to locally archive posts from this and other similar sites. I'd like to separate the question itself from the answers, or maybe crop the question and store it, keeping the page title. Obviously I don't need to store the menu or the various other site interface chrome. The best way to do this would seem to be to associate an XSLT template with a match on the URL and use that template to pull the various relevant informations and format them. My two-part question: Is there a tool specifically built for this task? I.E. something that takes a URL and checks it against a map of path-matching expressions to templates, and outputs the result of applying the template to that resource? xmlto seems to be most of the way there, and could probably just be called from a script that does the pattern-matching, but something already integrated would be more convenient. Is such a URL_pattern-to-XSLT_template map publicly available somewhere? Question 2.5: Is it legal to do this with sites like this one that have public licenses on their content?

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  • power management of USB-enclosed hard drives

    - by intuited
    With a typical USB hard drive enclosure, is the full range of drive power management functionality available? In what may be an unrelated matter: is it possible to suspend a PC without unmounting an attached USB-powered drive, and then remounting it on resume? This is the behaviour I'm currently seeing (running Ubuntu linux 10.10). Are there certain models or brands that provide more complete control over this aspect of drive operation? My Friendly Neighbourhood Computer Store carries (part of) the Vantec Nexstar product line.

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  • Finding documentation for /etc/**/*.dpkg-*

    - by intuited
    During upgrades, files with these extensions appear in /etc and its subdirectories. I gather that *.dpkg-dist contains the file that was distributed with the currently-installed version of a package, and *.dpkg-new contains the version from the version being installed, however I'd like to see the docs to be sure that I'm getting it right. Also there are occasionally other similarly named files, eg *.dpkg-original, and I'd like to be able to read up on these. I've checked /usr/share/doc/dpkg for documentation on this, and come up empty; there's no dpkg-doc package; Google doesn't have anything except unanswered questions. Can someone point me to the documentation for this aspect of debian package management?

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  • USB 3 to Gigabit Ethernet adapters: where are they?

    - by intuited
    I'm looking for an adapter that will let me use a USB 3 port as a Gigabit Ethernet port. This is proving surprisingly hard to find! Is there some reason why this product is either unavailable or very obscure? Is there an online shop (US/Canada) where I can buy such an item? Newegg, TigerDirect, NCIX, etc. do not seem to carry such an item. I find this surprising since it will provide at least double the bandwidth (possibly quadruple) compared to a USB 2 Ethernet adapter.

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  • dumping the source code for an anonymous function

    - by intuited
    I'm working with a lot of anonymous functions, ie functions declared as part of a dictionary, aka "methods". It's getting pretty painful to debug, because I can't tell what function the errors are happening in. Vim's backtraces look like this: Error detected while processing function NamedFunction..2111..2105: line 1: E730: using List as a String This trace shows that the error occurred in the third level down the stack, on the first line of anonymous function #2105. IE NamedFunction called anonymous function #2111, which called anonymous function #2105. NamedFunction is one declared through the normal function NamedFunction() ... endfunction syntax; the others were declared using code like function dict.func() ... endfunction. So obviously I'd like to find out which function has number 2105. Assuming that it's still in scope, it's possible to find out what Dictionary entry references it by dumping all of the dictionary variables that might contain that reference. This is sort of awkward and it's difficult to be systematic about it, though I guess I could code up a function to search through all of the loaded dictionaries for a reference to that function, watching out for circular references. Although to be really thorough, it would have to search not only script-local and global dictionaries, but buffer-local dictionaries as well; is there a way to access another buffer's local variables? Anyway I'm wondering if it's possible to dump the source code for the anonymous function instead. This would be a lot easier and probably more reliable.

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  • vimscript: calling dictionary functions with call()

    - by intuited
    I'm hoping to call a "static" dictionary function using call(). By "static" I mean that the keyword 'dict' is not used in the function's definition. I use this nomenclature in the hopes that the effect of this keyword is to declare a static member function as is possible in java/C++/etc, ie to put the function name in the class namespace but allow it to be called without referencing an object. However this doesn't seem to work. For example: " Setup: let testdict = { } funct! testdict.funct() echo "called" endfunct " Tests: " Following each line is an indented comment " containing its output in message land, ie what was echoed. call testdict.funct() " called echo testdict.funct " 667 echo string(testdict.funct) " function('667') echo function('667') " E475: Invalid argument: 667 echo function('testdict.funct') " testdict.funct call call(testdict.funct, [ ]) " E725: Calling dict function without Dictionary: 667 " Same deal if there's an intermediate variable involved. let TestdictDotFunct = testdict.funct echo TestdictDotFunct " 667 echo string(TestdictDotFunct) " function('667') call TestdictDotFunct() " E725: Calling dict function without Dictionary: 667 From the help topic E725: It is also possible to add a function without the "dict" attribute as a Funcref to a Dictionary, but the "self" variable is not available then. So logic would seem to indicate that if "self" is not available, then it should be possible to call the function referenced by the Funcref without a Dictionary. However this doesn't seem to be the case. Am I missing something? Vim version info: $ aptitude show vim-gnome Package: vim-gnome State: installed Automatically installed: no Version: 2:7.2.245-2ubuntu2

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  • documenting class attributes

    - by intuited
    I'm writing a lightweight class whose attributes are intended to be publicly accessible, and only sometimes overridden in specific instantiations. There's no provision in the Python language for creating docstrings for class attributes, or any sort of attributes, for that matter. What is the accepted way, should there be one, to document these attributes? Currently I'm doing this sort of thing: class Albatross(object): """A bird with a flight speed exceeding that of an unladen swallow. Attributes: """ flight_speed = 691 __doc__ += """ flight_speed (691) The maximum speed that such a bird can attain. """ nesting_grounds = "Raymond Luxury-Yacht" __doc__ += """ nesting_grounds ("Raymond Luxury-Yacht") The locale where these birds congregate to reproduce. """ def __init__(**keyargs): """Initialize the Albatross from the keyword arguments.""" self.__dict__.update(keyargs) Although this style doesn't seem to be expressly forbidden in the docstring style guidelines, it's also not mentioned as an option. The advantage here is that it provides a way to document attributes alongside their definitions, while still creating a presentable class docstring, and avoiding having to write comments that reiterate the information from the docstring. I'm still kind of annoyed that I have to actually write the attributes twice; I'm considering using the string representations of the values in the docstring to at least avoid duplication of the default values. Is this a heinous breach of the ad hoc community conventions? Is it okay? Is there a better way? For example, it's possible to create a dictionary containing values and docstrings for the attributes and then add the contents to the class __dict__ and docstring towards the end of the class declaration; this would alleviate the need to type the attribute names and values twice. edit: this last idea is, I think, not actually possible, at least not without dynamically building the class from data, which seems like a really bad idea unless there's some other reason to do that. I'm pretty new to python and still working out the details of coding style, so unrelated critiques are also welcome.

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