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  • Linux Kernel - programmatically retrieve block numbers as they are written to

    - by SpdStr
    I want to maintain a list of block numbers as they are physically written to using the linux kernel source. I plan to modify the kernel source to do this. I just need to find the structure and functions in the kernel source that handle writing to physical partitions and get the block numbers as they write to the physical partition. Any way of doing this? Any help is appreciated. If I can find where the kernel is actually writing to the partitions and returning the block numbers, that'd work.

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  • Unable to Install VirtualBox Due to Missing Kernel Module

    - by SoftTimur
    I am trying to install VirtualBox on my Ubuntu. I first tried to sudo apt-get install virtualbox-ose in a terminal, but after the configuration step, it fails with an error: No suitable module for running kernel found When proceeding with starting virtualbox, I get this error: WARNING: The character device /dev/vboxdrv does not exist. Please install the virtualbox-ose-dkms package and the appropriate headers, most likely linux-headers-generic. You will not be able to start VMs until this problem is fixed. So I tried the package from http://www.virtualbox.org/, but starting VirtualBox fails with: WARNING: The vboxdrv kernel module is not loaded. Either there is no module available for the current kernel (2.6.38-8-generic-pae) or it failed to load. Please recompile the kernel module and install it by sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup You will not be able to start VMs until this problem is fixed. So I ran sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup, but it fails too: * Stopping VirtualBox kernel modules [ OK ] * Uninstalling old VirtualBox DKMS kernel modules [ OK ] * Trying to register the VirtualBox kernel modules using DKMS Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 2.6.38-8-generic-pae cannot be found at /lib/modules/2.6.38-8-generic-pae/build or /lib/modules/2.6.38-8-generic-pae/source. * Failed, trying without DKMS * Recompiling VirtualBox kernel modules * Look at /var/log/vbox-install.log to find out what went wrong The contents of /var/log/vbox-install.log. As I am stuck, I also tried to install kernel-devel with yum, still fruitless: root@ubuntu# yum install kernel-devel Setting up Install Process No package kernel-devel available. Nothing to do Now I've no idea how to correct this. Any ideas?

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  • Why kernel source is not installed

    - by Subhajit
    I want to install kernel source in Ubuntu 12.04 which is not installed. I have checked the same using the following command : dpkg -s kernel Output is Kernel is not installed no information available Hence I have followed the following steps to install the same: 1.Installed the Dependencies by the following command: sudo apt-get install gcc libncurses5-dev git-core kernel-package fakeroot build-essential sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade Download kernel source by the following command: wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.5.tar.bz2 tar -xvf linux-3.5.tar.bz2 cd linux-3.5/ 3.Compiled the source code to generate the .deb packages by the following command make-kpkg clean fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd --append-to-version=-spica kernel_image kernel_headers Install the .deb packages (two .deb packages generated, one is to install the kernel headers, another one is to install the kernel image) by the following command sudo dpkg -i linux-*.deb But after reboot it seems kernel is not installed (checked by dpkg -s kernel). Please tell where I am going wrong. Also, In step 3, I guess I am installing a new kernel (named spica kernel_image) but during the boot up this new kernel is not showing as option. Please help me

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  • Cannot find root device after latest kernel upgrade

    - by DisgruntledGoat
    I'm running Ubuntu 13.04. Yesterday I tried to install updates but there was an error, and it suggested running apt-get -f install which I did. Now when I try to boot, I get an error "Gave up waiting for root device". The text is almost identical to the text shown in this and this question. However, the "built-in shell" simply doesn't work! Nothing I type shows up on the screen or does anything. I tried adding a rootdelay to grub but it just waits longer and shows the same screen. Loading the previous kernel works (although there are a few graphics glitches) but as far as I can tell, it should be booting the exact same stuff. The new kernel is 3.8.0-31-generic and the previous working one is 3.8.0-25-generic. Here is my entire /boot/grub/menu.lst file, comments removed: default 0 timeout 3 title Ubuntu 13.04, kernel 3.8.0-31-generic uuid c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-31-generic root=UUID=c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac rootdelay=120 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-31-generic quiet title Ubuntu 13.04, kernel 3.8.0-31-generic (recovery mode) uuid c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-31-generic root=UUID=c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac ro single initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-31-generic title Ubuntu 13.04, kernel 3.8.0-25-generic uuid c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-25-generic root=UUID=c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-25-generic quiet title Ubuntu 13.04, kernel 3.8.0-25-generic (recovery mode) uuid c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-25-generic root=UUID=c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac ro single initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-25-generic title Ubuntu 13.04, kernel 3.8.0-23-generic uuid c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-23-generic root=UUID=c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-23-generic quiet title Ubuntu 13.04, kernel 3.8.0-23-generic (recovery mode) uuid c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-23-generic root=UUID=c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac ro single initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-23-generic title Ubuntu 13.04, memtest86+ uuid c690c1e6-beb9-46e7-85c2-145cd07d44ac kernel /boot/memtest86+.bin quiet title -------------------------------- root title Windows Vista rootnoverify (hd0,2) savedefault makeactive chainloader +1 As you can see the UUID is the same for all kernels. Why am I getting this problem, and what can I do to fix it?

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  • Nvidia drivers don't work with mainline kernel

    - by dutchie
    I want to try some of the new features in the btrfs filesystem, and to do that I need to use a newer kernel than is included in Ubuntu 12.04. To do that, I have installed linux-headers-3.4.0-030400_3.4.0-030400.201205210521_all.deb, linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic_3.4.0-030400.201205210521_amd64.deb, and linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic_3.4.0-030400.201205210521_amd64.deb from the mainline kernel download here. However, on rebooting into the 3.4 kernel, my desktop is stuck at a very low resolution and I cannot increase it to the full. This did happen when I first installed, but a simple install of the nvidia-current package got everything working nicely with my GTX570 card. There were appear to be some DKMS errors when I installed the kernel, and they indicated I should look at /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/make.log: josh@sirius:~/Downloads$ sudo dpkg -i linux-*.deb Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.4.0-030400. (Reading database ... 309400 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking linux-headers-3.4.0-030400 (from linux-headers-3.4.0-030400_3.4.0-030400.201205210521_all.deb) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic. Unpacking linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic (from linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic_3.4.0-030400.201205210521_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic. Unpacking linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic (from linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic_3.4.0-030400.201205210521_amd64.deb) ... Done. Setting up linux-headers-3.4.0-030400 (3.4.0-030400.201205210521) ... Setting up linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic (3.4.0-030400.201205210521) ... Examining /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms 3.4.0-030400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic ERROR (dkms apport): kernel package linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic is not supported Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.4.0-030400-generic (x86_64) Consult /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/make.log for more information. Setting up linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic (3.4.0-030400.201205210521) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.4.0-030400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic ERROR (dkms apport): kernel package linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic is not supported Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.4.0-030400-generic (x86_64) Consult /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/make.log for more information. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.4.0-030400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.4.0-030400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.4.0-030400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.4.0-030400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.bin Found Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (12.04) on /dev/sda1 Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda2 Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda3 done /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/make.log: DKMS make.log for nvidia-current-295.40 for kernel 3.4.0-030400-generic (x86_64) Thu Jun 7 00:58:39 BST 2012 NVIDIA: calling KBUILD... test -e include/generated/autoconf.h -a -e include/config/auto.conf || ( \ echo; \ echo " ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid."; \ echo " include/generated/autoconf.h or include/config/auto.conf are missing.";\ echo " Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it."; \ echo; \ /bin/false) mkdir -p /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/.tmp_versions ; rm -f /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/.tmp_versions/* make -f scripts/Makefile.build obj=/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build cc -Wp,-MD,/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/.nv.o.d -nostdinc -isystem /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/include -I/usr/src/linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic/arch/x86/include -Iarch/x86/include/generated -Iinclude -include /usr/src/linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic/include/linux/kconfig.h -D__KERNEL__ -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wno-format-security -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -O2 -m64 -mtune=generic -mno-red-zone -mcmodel=kernel -funit-at-a-time -maccumulate-outgoing-args -fstack-protector -DCONFIG_AS_CFI=1 -DCONFIG_AS_CFI_SIGNAL_FRAME=1 -DCONFIG_AS_CFI_SECTIONS=1 -DCONFIG_AS_FXSAVEQ=1 -pipe -Wno-sign-compare -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -mno-sse -mno-mmx -mno-sse2 -mno-3dnow -mno-avx -Wframe-larger-than=1024 -Wno-unused-but-set-variable -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -pg -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wno-pointer-sign -fno-strict-overflow -fconserve-stack -DCC_HAVE_ASM_GOTO -I/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build -Wall -MD -Wsign-compare -Wno-cast-qual -Wno-error -D__KERNEL__ -DMODULE -DNVRM -DNV_VERSION_STRING=\"295.40\" -Wno-unused-function -Wuninitialized -mno-red-zone -mcmodel=kernel -UDEBUG -U_DEBUG -DNDEBUG -DMODULE -D"KBUILD_STR(s)=#s" -D"KBUILD_BASENAME=KBUILD_STR(nv)" -D"KBUILD_MODNAME=KBUILD_STR(nvidia)" -c -o /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/.tmp_nv.o /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv.c In file included from include/linux/kernel.h:19:0, from include/linux/sched.h:55, from include/linux/utsname.h:35, from /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv-linux.h:38, from /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv.c:13: include/linux/bitops.h: In function ‘hweight_long’: include/linux/bitops.h:66:41: warning: signed and unsigned type in conditional expression [-Wsign-compare] In file included from /usr/src/linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h:577:0, from include/linux/poll.h:14, from /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv-linux.h:97, from /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv.c:13: /usr/src/linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h: In function ‘copy_from_user’: /usr/src/linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h:53:6: warning: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Wsign-compare] In file included from /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv.c:13:0: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv-linux.h: At top level: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv-linux.h:114:75: fatal error: asm/system.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated. make[3]: *** [/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv.o] Error 1 make[2]: *** [_module_/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build] Error 2 NVIDIA: left KBUILD. nvidia.ko failed to build! make[1]: *** [module] Error 1 make: *** [module] Error 2

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  • Linux Kernel - Integer to ASCII

    - by DRX-Z
    I need to convert an integer to it's ASCII representation from within the Linux Kernel. How can I do this? I can't find any built-in conversion methods. Are there any already in the kernel or do I need to add my own?

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  • How to build the mainline kernel source package?

    - by Maxime R.
    Ubuntu kernel PPA only provides linux-headers*.deb and linux-image*.deb packages. How can I build the corresponding linux-source*.deb package ? Context: I'm currently running Ubuntu 11.10 with the mainline kernel (3.2 rc6 now) to get a better support for my sandybridge IGP (Dell E6420 laptop with intel i5-2520M CPU). Appears, i'd like to install this touchpad driver, ALPS touchpads being badly supported (see previous link bug report), while waiting for upstream support in kernel version 3.3. Problem is, DKMS keeps complaining about not finding the full kernel source: Module build for the currently running kernel was skipped since the kernel source for this kernel does not seem to be installed. Appears I may not need the full source but I'd still like to try having it installed to see if it solve my problem. What I tried : Uncompressing the kernel.org source archive in /usr/src/. DKMS still complaining. Manually updating the kernel source package with uupdate and the mainline source package like explained here. Did not succeed. Manually building the linux-source package following @roadmr and @elmicha instructions. I eventually succeeded to build it but DKMS still complained about the missing source. At last I noticed an error I did not catch in the first place while reinstalling the kernel headers. Appears the .deb I got may have been corrupted, downloading it again did the trick :) Alas, while DKMS agreed to compile the module i ran into the following error which appears to have already been reported. This issue isn't yet solved but I won't try to because of the following: in the end I decided to test the precise kernel version 3.2-rc6 through the xorg-edgers ppa which appears to be correctly patched: it works. Nevertheless, it might still be of some interest to know how to build the mainline linux-source package as the Ubuntu Kernel Team doesn't provide it. Not to mention that I learned a lot in the process ^^

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  • Linux Kernel - Slab Allocator Question

    - by Drex
    I am playing around with the kernel and am looking at the kmem_cache files_cachep belonging to fork.c. It detects the sizeof(files_struct). My question is this: I have altered files_struct and added a rb_root (red/black tree root) using the built-in functionality in linux/rbtree.h. I can properly insert values into this tree. However, at some point, a segfault occurs and GDB backtraces the following information: (gdb) backtrace 0 0x08066ad7 in page_ok (page=) at arch/um/os-Linux/sys-i386/task_size.c:31 1 0x08066bdf in os_get_top_address () at arch/um/os-Linux/sys-i386/task_size.c:100 2 0x0804a216 in linux_main (argc=1, argv=0xbfb05f14) at arch/um/kernel/um_arch.c:277 3 0x0804acdc in main (argc=1, argv=0xbfb05f14, envp=0xbfb05f1c) at arch/um/os-Linux/main.c:150 I have spent many hours trying to figure out why there is a segfault given that the red/black tree inserts properly. I'm thinking it's a memory allocation issue with new processes made by fork() of a parent process. Could this be the case and could it have something to do with kmem_cache files_cachep?

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  • Linux Kernel - Adding field to task_struct

    - by Drex
    I'm playing around with the linux kernel and added a struct field to the task_struct in sched.h. I know that can be costly but my struct is very small. I then initialize the new struct in INIT_TASK() and also re-initialize in fork.c copy_process() function so that when the INIT task or any other task creates a new process the process gets the init values. What then happens is when I try to run the kernel I get a SEGFAULT. The gdb error is: Locating the bottom of the address space ... Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault. 0x08066ad7 in page_ok (page=) at arch/um/os-Linux/sys-i386/task_size.c:31 31 n = *address; It looks like it fails out in task_size. Is there anything else I need to do to add a field to task_struct?

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  • What has Ubuntu contributed to the Linux Kernel?

    - by Luis Alvarado
    This question is similar to this one: What unique enhancements and features has Ubuntu brought to the Linux Community but in this case it is directed towards what has Ubuntu contributed to the official Linux Kernel. For example, many times I hear about Intel contributing to patches for the Linux Kernel like the RC6 latest patches and any other related to the recent Sandy/Ivy Bridges. In another group, Android did an upstream patch and a lot of ARM patches have also come to the Linux Kernel. I have seeing only a small percent of companies and groups that have contributed to the Linux Kernel (http://kernel.org) but I want to know, since the beginning of Ubuntu till now, what has Ubuntu contributed to the Linux Kernel in regards to any aspect of the kernel. For Kernel information I typically go to http://kernelnewbies.org and http://kernel.org

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  • Linux Kernel - Red/Black Trees

    - by CodeRanger
    I'm trying to implement a red/black tree in Linux per task_struct using code from linux/rbtree.h. I can get a red/black tree inserting properly in a standalone space in the kernel such as a module but when I try to get the same code to function with the rb_root declared in either task_struct or task_struct-files_struct, I get a SEGFAULT everytime I try an insert. Here's some code: In task_struct I create a rb_root struct for my tree (not a pointer). In init_task.h, macro INIT_TASK(tsk), I set this equal to RB_ROOT. To do an insert, I use this code: rb_insert(&(current-fd_tree), &rbnode); This is where the issue occurs. My insert command is the standard insert that is documented in all RBTree documentation for the kernel: int my_insert(struct rb_root *root, struct mytype *data) { struct rb_node **new = &(root->rb_node), *parent = NULL; /* Figure out where to put new node */ while (*new) { struct mytype *this = container_of(*new, struct mytype, node); int result = strcmp(data->keystring, this->keystring); parent = *new; if (result < 0) new = &((*new)->rb_left); else if (result > 0) new = &((*new)->rb_right); else return FALSE; } /* Add new node and rebalance tree. */ rb_link_node(&data->node, parent, new); rb_insert_color(&data->node, root); return TRUE; } Is there something I'm missing? Some reason this would work fine if I made a tree root outside of task_struct? If I make rb_root inside of a module this insert works fine. But once I put the actual tree root in the task_struct or even in the task_struct-files_struct, I get a SEGFAULT. Can a root node not be added in these structs? Any tips are greatly appreciated. I've tried nearly everything I can think of.

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  • Linux Kernel - Socket file descriptor close location

    - by NTek
    Where in the linux kernel does the closing of a socket's file descriptor occur? I know for a file, the file's file descriptor is closed in fs/open.cs function sys_close(). However, for a socket file descriptor, is this the same location or somewhere else? Also, do sockets utilize the file.c alloc_fd to allocate the file descriptor or do they utilize some other function?

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  • Install latest kernel to Ubuntu and have grub acknowledge the new installed kernel

    - by Phuong Nguyen
    I have an installed Ubuntu Distro (Karmic 9.10) already. However, due to some problems with xorg ati driver, I cannot standby my computer. Some guy have suggested me to try the latest version of xorg driver which in turn requires a newer version of Linux kernel than the newest release available from Ubuntu Central Repository (2.6.33). I have searched though several articles on how to install a custom Linux kernel. However, these articles are so 2004/2005 and they were talking about lilo (???). Since then, I'm afraid that I cannot make the Grub Boot recognize the new Linux kernel properly (I'm just a newbie to Linux). I would love to know how to install the kernel into Ubuntu and have grub acknowledge the new installed kernel.

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  • Linux Kernel Module - Creating proc file - proc_root undeclared error

    - by Zach
    I copy and paste code from this URL for creating and reading/writing a proc file using a kernel module and get the error that proc_root is undeclared. This same example is on a few sites so I assume it works. Any ideas why I'd get this error? Does my makefile need something different. Below is my makefile as well: Example code for a basic proc file creation (direct copy and paste to get initial test done): http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/lkmpg.html#AEN769 Makefile I'm using: obj-m := counter.o KDIR := /MY/LINUX/SRC PWD := $(shell pwd) default: $(MAKE) ARCH=um -C $(KDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) modules

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  • Modern programming language with intuitive concurrent programming abstractions

    - by faif
    I am interested in learning concurrent programming, focusing on the application/user level (not system programming). I am looking for a modern high level programming language that provides intuitive abstractions for writing concurrent applications. I want to focus on languages that increase productivity and hide the complexity of concurrent programming. To give some examples, I don't consider a good option writing multithreaded code in C, C++, or Java because IMHO my productivity is reduced and their programming model is not intuitive. On the other hand, languages that increase productivity and offer more intuitive abstractions such as Python and the multiprocessing module, Erlang, Clojure, Scala, etc. would be good options. What would you recommend based on your experience and why?

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  • Advice on learning programming languages and math.

    - by Joris Ooms
    I feel like I'm getting stuck lately when it comes to learning about programming-related things; I thought I'd ask a question here and write it all down in the hope to get some pointers/advice from people. Perhaps writing it down helps me put things in perspective for myself aswell. I study Interactive Multimedia Design. This course is based on two things: graphic design on one hand, and web development on the other hand. I have quite a decent knowledge of web-related languages (the usual HTML/JS/PHP) and I'll be getting a course on ASP.NET next year. In my free time, I have learnt how to work with CodeIgniter, aswell as some diving into Ruby (and Rails) and basic iOS programming. In my first year of college I also did a class on Java (19/20 on the end result). This grade doesn't really mean anything though; I have the basics of OOP down but Java-wise, we learnt next to nothing. Considering the time I have been programming in, for example, PHP.. I can't say I'm bad at it. I'm definitely not good or great at it, but I'm decent. My teachers tell me I have the programming thing down. They just tell me I should keep on learning. So that's what I do, and I try to take in as much as possible; however, sometimes I'm unsure where to start and I have this tendency to always doubt myself. Now, for the 'question'. I want to get into iOS programming. I know iOS programming boils down to programming in Cocoa Touch and Objective-C. I also know Obj-C is a superset of C. I have done a class on C a couple of years ago, but I failed miserably. I got stuck at pointers and never really understood them.. Until like a month ago. I suddenly 'got' it. I have been working through a book on Objective-C for a week or so now, and I understand the basics (I'm at like.. chapter 6 or so). However, I keep running into similar problems as the ones I had when I did the C class: I suck at math. No, really. I come from a Latin-Modern Languages background in high school and I had nearly no math classes back then. I wanted to study Computer Science, but I failed there because of the miserable state of my mathematics knowledge. I can't explain why I'm suddenly talking about math here though, because it isn't directly related to programming.. yet it is. For example, the examples in the book I'm reading now are about programming a fraction-calculator. All good, I can do the programming when I get the formulas down.. but it takes me a full day or more to actually get to that point. I also find it hard to come up with ideas for myself. I made one small iOS app the other day and it's just a button / label kind of thing. When I press the button, it generates a random number. That's really all I could come up with. Can you 'learn' that? It probably comes down to creativity, but evidently, I'm not too great at being creative. Are there any sites or resources out there that provide something like a basic list of things you can program when you're just starting out? Maybe I'm focusing on too many things at once. I want to keep my HTML/CSS at a decent level, while learning PHP and CodeIgniter, while diving into Ruby on Rails and learning Objective-C and the iOS SDK at the same time. I just want to be good at something, I guess. The problem is that I can't seem to be happy with my PHP stuff. I want more, something 'harder'; that's why I decided to pick up the iOS thing. Like I said, I have the basics down of a lot of different languages. I can program something simple in Java, in C, in Objective-C as of this week.. but it ends there. Mostly because I can't come up with ideas for more complex applications, and also because I just doubt myself: 'Oh, that's too complex, I can never do that'. And then it ends there. To conclude my rant, let me basically rephrase my questions into a 'tl;dr' part. A. I want to get into iOS programming and I have basic knowledge of C/Objective-C. However, I struggle to come up with ideas of my own and implement them and I also suck at math which is something that isn't directly related to, yet often needed while programming. What can I do? B. I have an interest in a lot of different programming languages and I can't stop reading/learning. However, I don't feel like I'm good in anything. Should I perhaps focus on just one language for a year or longer, or keep taking it all in at the same time and hope I'll finally get them all down? C. Are there any resources out there that provide basic ideas of things I can program? I'm thinking about 'simple' command-line applications here to help me while studying C/Obj-C away from the whole iPhone SDK. Like I said, the examples in my book are mainly math-based (fraction calculator) and it's kinda hard. :( Thanks a lot for reading my post. I didn't plan it to be this long but oh well. Thanks in advance for any answers.

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  • Introducing functional programming constructs in non-functional programming languages

    - by Giorgio
    This question has been going through my mind quite a lot lately and since I haven't found a convincing answer to it I would like to know if other users of this site have thought about it as well. In the recent years, even though OOP is still the most popular programming paradigm, functional programming is getting a lot of attention. I have only used OOP languages for my work (C++ and Java) but I am trying to learn some FP in my free time because I find it very interesting. So, I started learning Haskell three years ago and Scala last summer. I plan to learn some SML and Caml as well, and to brush up my (little) knowledge of Scheme. Well, a lot of plans (too ambitious?) but I hope I will find the time to learn at least the basics of FP during the next few years. What is important for me is how functional programming works and how / whether I can use it for some real projects. I have already developed small tools in Haskell. In spite of my strong interest for FP, I find it difficult to understand why functional programming constructs are being added to languages like C#, Java, C++, and so on. As a developer interested in FP, I find it more natural to use, say, Scala or Haskell, instead of waiting for the next FP feature to be added to my favourite non-FP language. In other words, why would I want to have only some FP in my originally non-FP language instead of looking for a language that has a better support for FP? For example, why should I be interested to have lambdas in Java if I can switch to Scala where I have much more FP concepts and access all the Java libraries anyway? Similarly: why do some FP in C# instead of using F# (to my knowledge, C# and F# can work together)? Java was designed to be OO. Fine. I can do OOP in Java (and I would like to keep using Java in that way). Scala was designed to support OOP + FP. Fine: I can use a mix of OOP and FP in Scala. Haskell was designed for FP: I can do FP in Haskell. If I need to tune the performance of a particular module, I can interface Haskell with some external routines in C. But why would I want to do OOP with just some basic FP in Java? So, my main point is: why are non-functional programming languages being extended with some functional concept? Shouldn't it be more comfortable (interesting, exciting, productive) to program in a language that has been designed from the very beginning to be functional or multi-paradigm? Don't different programming paradigms integrate better in a language that was designed for it than in a language in which one paradigm was only added later? The first explanation I could think of is that, since FP is a new concept (it isn't new at all, but it is new for many developers), it needs to be introduced gradually. However, I remember my switch from imperative to OOP: when I started to program in C++ (coming from Pascal and C) I really had to rethink the way in which I was coding, and to do it pretty fast. It was not gradual. So, this does not seem to be a good explanation to me. Or can it be that many non-FP programmers are not really interested in understanding and using functional programming, but they find it practically convenient to adopt certain FP-idioms in their non-FP language? IMPORTANT NOTE Just in case (because I have seen several language wars on this site): I mentioned the languages I know better, this question is in no way meant to start comparisons between different programming languages to decide which is better / worse. Also, I am not interested in a comparison of OOP versus FP (pros and cons). The point I am interested in is to understand why FP is being introduced one bit at a time into existing languages that were not designed for it even though there exist languages that were / are specifically designed to support FP.

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  • Functional programming constructs in non-functional programming languages

    - by Giorgio
    This question has been going through my mind quite a lot lately and since I haven't found a convincing answer to it I would like to know if other users of this site have thought about it as well. In the recent years, even though OOP is still the most popular programming paradigm, functional programming is getting a lot of attention. I have only used OOP languages for my work (C++ and Java) but I am trying to learn some FP in my free time because I find it very interesting. So, I started learning Haskell three years ago and Scala last summer. I plan to learn some SML and Caml as well, and to brush up my (little) knowledge of Scheme. Well, a lot of plans (too ambitious?) but I hope I will find the time to learn at least the basics of FP during the next few years. What is important for me is how functional programming works and how / whether I can use it for some real projects. I have already developed small tools in Haskell. In spite of my strong interest for FP, I find it difficult to understand why functional programming constructs are being added to languages like C#, Java, C++, and so on. As a developer interested in FP, I find it more natural to use, say, Scala or Haskell, instead of waiting for the next FP feature to be added to my favourite non-FP language. In other words, why would I want to have only some FP in my originally non-FP language instead of looking for a language that has a better support for FP? For example, why should I be interested to have lambdas in Java if I can switch to Scala where I have much more FP concepts and access all the Java libraries anyway? Similarly: why do some FP in C# instead of using F# (to my knowledge, C# and F# can work together)? Java was designed to be OO. Fine. I can do OOP in Java (and I would like to keep using Java in that way). Scala was designed to support OOP + FP. Fine: I can use a mix of OOP and FP in Scala. Haskell was designed for FP: I can do FP in Haskell. If I need to tune the performance of a particular module, I can interface Haskell with some external routines in C. But why would I want to do OOP with just some basic FP in Java? So, my main point is: why are non-functional programming languages being extended with some functional concept? Shouldn't it be more comfortable (interesting, exciting, productive) to program in a language that has been designed from the very beginning to be functional or multi-paradigm? Don't different programming paradigms integrate better in a language that was designed for it than in a language in which one paradigm was only added later? The first explanation I could think of is that, since FP is a new concept (it isn't new at all, but it is new for many developers), it needs to be introduced gradually. However, I remember my switch from imperative to OOP: when I started to program in C++ (coming from Pascal and C) I really had to rethink the way in which I was coding, and to do it pretty fast. It was not gradual. So, this does not seem to be a good explanation to me. Also, I asked myself if my impression is just plainly wrong due to lack of knowledge. E.g., do C# and C++11 support FP as extensively as, say, Scala or Caml do? In this case, my question would be simply non-existent. Or can it be that many non-FP programmers are not really interested in using functional programming, but they find it practically convenient to adopt certain FP-idioms in their non-FP language? IMPORTANT NOTE Just in case (because I have seen several language wars on this site): I mentioned the languages I know better, this question is in no way meant to start comparisons between different programming languages to decide which is better / worse. Also, I am not interested in a comparison of OOP versus FP (pros and cons). The point I am interested in is to understand why FP is being introduced one bit at a time into existing languages that were not designed for it even though there exist languages that were / are specifically designed to support FP.

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  • Linux Kernel IRQ Routing with irqbalance / kernel options

    - by tim
    I'm trying to get my Xen Dom0 distributing the irqs in an smp enviroment. As far as I know there are 2 Options: Use irqbalance Configure the kernel without cpu hotplug support My System is Debian Squeeze, Xen 4.0.4, Kernel 3.2.31. My Problem is: irqbalance segfaults due to a changed /proc/irq* layout or irq0 missing (this seems to be a very old bug existing since Lenny) To configure a kernel without cpu hotplug support you must disable cpu powermanagement which seems to be impossible through the standard wys (make config / make menuconfig) - the option CONFIG_PM simply defaults to "Y". Any idea anyone on how to get a debian dom0 kernel with a proper irq distribution?

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  • Remove Kernel 3.1

    - by chazdg
    Is there a way to remove kernel 3.1 from Oneiric? I downloaded and upgraded to 3.1 with these instructions: Open the terminal and run these two commands for both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Ubuntu 11.10/11.04: wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa...241006_all.deb sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.1.0-030100_3.1.0-030100.201110241006_all.deb Ubuntu (64-bit) For Ubuntu 11.10/11.04 (64-bit), issue these commands: wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa...1006_amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.1.0-030100-generic_3.1.0-030100.201110241006_amd64.deb wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa...1006_amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i linux-image-3.1.0-030100-generic_3.1.0-030100.201110241006_amd64.deb Everything went well. I was able to reboot quickly, but Firefox and Chrome constantly crash with Kernel 3.1. I am using Gnome 3.2 and saw improvement with 3.0.0.13 provided by ppa. Any help with 3.1 or just removing it would be helpful. Thanks to all that reply.

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  • Which Ubuntu linux kernel tree matches my installed kernel?

    - by Rmano
    Answering a recent question, and before that, trying to see if a patch which is fundamental for my machine had been included in a kernel release, I have found the following problem: How can I match the kernel version I have for my kernel, which is [:~] % uname -a Linux samsung-romano 3.13.0-29-generic #53-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jun 4 21:00:20 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux with the exact kernel source, which I suppose should be stored in http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git?p=ubuntu/linux.git;a=summary? In that page there are quite a lot of tags, for example: But none of them correspond to 3.13.0-29 which is my running kernel right now. The mapping should be in https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Dev/ExtendedStable, where it is said that the 3.13 Ubuntu kernel is based on 3.13.11 --- I think. But from there to finding the tree I have installed is not straightforward. Notice: I know I can install the kernel source corresponding with my installed kernel. But I do not want to install them; I would like ti have a pointer to the git tree to be able to browse it online (and check for commits, patches, etc.). The best options seems to go to linux3.13-y.review or linux3.13-y.queue, but I am unable to find where this tree are marked for the release - if I understand well the policy, in -review the patches are accumulated for testing, and in -queue accumulated for the next minor release/update --- but I am unable to find the exact release tree. I mean, a tag equivalent to 3.13.0-29 was cut here.

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  • Building modules with linux kernel for custom flavor

    - by Chandan Apsangi
    I followed the instructions given in the link: http://blog.avirtualhome.com/how-to-compile-a-new-ubuntu-11-04-natty-kernel/ for building a custom kernel and booting it. Everything works fine, except that when building it, I used the option skipmodule=true (as given in this link), so I guess the modules are not built for this kernel. I'm saying this because after I installed the image (using dpkg -i), when I run 'ls -l' in the /lib/modules/2.6.38-11-i5 folder, all the files/folders except the 'kernel' folder have got updated (Btw, I had built it last time and it had worked fine,this is an update on the same kernel source). So is there some option/command that I missed that exports the modules as well? Thanks for your help.

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