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• SBUG Session: The Enterprise Cache

  - by EltonStoneman

  [Source: http://geekswithblogs.net/EltonStoneman] I did a session on "The Enterprise Cache" at the UK SOA/BPM User Group yesterday which generated some useful discussion. The proposal was for a dedicated caching layer which all app servers and service providers can hook into, sharing resources and common data. The architecture might end up like this: I'll update this post with a link to the slide deck once it's available. The next session will have Udi Dahan walking through nServiceBus, register on EventBrite if you want to come along. Synopsis Looked at the benefits and drawbacks of app-centric isolated caches, compared to an enterprise-wide shared cache running on dedicated nodes; Suggested issues and risks around caching including staleness of data, resource usage, performance and testing; Walked through a generic service cache implemented as a WCF behaviour – suitable for IIS- or BizTalk-hosted services - which I'll be releasing on CodePlex shortly; Listed common options for cache providers and their offerings. Discussion Cache usage. Different value propositions for utilising the cache: improved performance, isolation from underlying systems (e.g. service output caching can have a TTL large enough to cover downtime), reduced resource impact – CPU, memory, SQL and cost (e.g. caching results of paid-for services). Dedicated cache nodes. Preferred over in-host caching provided latency is acceptable. Depending on cache provider, can offer easy scalability and global replication so cache clients always use local nodes. Restriction of AppFabric Caching to Windows Server 2008 not viewed as a concern. Security. Limited security model in most cache providers. Options for securing cache content suggested as custom implementations. Obfuscating keys and serialized values may mean additional security is not needed. Depending on security requirements and architecture, can ensure cache servers only accessible to cache clients via IPsec. Staleness. Generally thought to be an overrated problem. Thinking in line with eventual consistency, that serving up stale data may not be a significant issue. Good technical arguments support this, although I suspect business users will be harder to persuade. Providers. Positive feedback for AppFabric Caching – speed, configurability and richness of the distributed model making it a good enterprise choice. .NET port of memcached well thought of for performance but lack of replication makes it less suitable for these shared scenarios. Replicated fork – repcached – untried and less active than memcached. NCache also well thought of, but Express version too limited for enterprise scenarios, and commercial versions look costly compared to AppFabric.

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• Fuji camera "mounts" but folder not in Dolphin After Kubuntu 13.10 upgrade

  - by user207207

  Fuji camera mount reported in attached devices but not visible in Dolphin After Kubuntu 13.10 upgrade Have reinstalled the driver, and a few other suggestions, for other cameras mounts failing on previous Ubuntu upgrades. I have already spent a couple of hours trying to get my photo's off the camera, very annoying. Worked perfectly in 11.04, 11.10, 12.04, 12.10 and 13.04. dmesg | tail; lsusb; lsb_release -a [ 6181.858786] CPUM: APIC 03 at 00000000fee00000 (mapped at ffffc90009400000) - ver 0x80050010, lint0=0x10700 lint1=0x10400 pc=0x00400 thmr=0x10000 [17261.396236] CPUM: APIC 00 at 00000000fee00000 (mapped at ffffc90000c6a000) - ver 0x80050010, lint0=0x10700 lint1=0x00400 pc=0x00400 thmr=0x10000 [17261.396239] CPUM: APIC 03 at 00000000fee00000 (mapped at ffffc90000c72000) - ver 0x80050010, lint0=0x10700 lint1=0x10400 pc=0x00400 thmr=0x10000 [17261.396241] CPUM: APIC 02 at 00000000fee00000 (mapped at ffffc90000c70000) - ver 0x80050010, lint0=0x10700 lint1=0x10400 pc=0x00400 thmr=0x10000 [17261.396255] CPUM: APIC 01 at 00000000fee00000 (mapped at ffffc90000c6e000) - ver 0x80050010, lint0=0x10700 lint1=0x10400 pc=0x00400 thmr=0x10000 [32456.884907] usb 2-5: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci-pci [32457.654046] usb 2-5: New USB device found, idVendor=04cb, idProduct=01e8 [32457.654050] usb 2-5: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 [32457.654052] usb 2-5: Product: Digital Camera [32457.654053] usb 2-5: SerialNumber: 4C3230302020091117CAA59WP18548 Bus 002 Device 002: ID 04cb:01e8 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 2013:024f PCTV Systems nanoStick T2 290e Bus 001 Device 002: ID 046d:082d Logitech, Inc. HD Pro Webcam C920 Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu vissibleDescription: Ubuntu 13.10 Release: 13.10 Codename: saucy sudo apt-get install gvfs-bin gvfs-mount gphoto2://[usb:002,002] Error mounting location: Error initializing camera: -108: No such file or directory ...... I have reported a bug in Dolphin, which has been transferred to Solid. Further information : I ran solid-hardware list details udi = '/org/kde/solid/udev/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.1/usb2/2-5' parent = '/org/kde/solid/udev' (string) vendor = '04cb' (string) product = 'Digital Camera' (string) description = 'Camera' (string) Block.major = 189 (0xbd) (int) Block.minor = 137 (0x89) (int) Block.device = '/dev/bus/usb/002/010' (string) Camera.supportedProtocols = {'ptp'} (string list) Camera.supportedDrivers = {'gphoto'} (string list) I still can't get my photo's off, I can see the folders using the Gimp menu. If anyone has got any ideas, I'm willing to try them.

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• An Alphabet of Eponymous Aphorisms, Programming Paradigms, Software Sayings, Annoying Alliteration

  - by Brian Schroer

  Malcolm Anderson blogged about “Einstein’s Razor” yesterday, which reminded me of my favorite software development “law”, the name of which I can never remember. It took much Wikipedia-ing to find it (Hofstadter’s Law – see below), but along the way I compiled the following list: Amara’s Law: We tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the effect in the long run. Brook’s Law: Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later. Clarke’s Third Law: Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Law of Demeter: Each unit should only talk to its friends; don't talk to strangers. Einstein’s Razor: “Make things as simple as possible, but not simpler” is the popular paraphrase, but what he actually said was “It can scarcely be denied that the supreme goal of all theory is to make the irreducible basic elements as simple and as few as possible without having to surrender the adequate representation of a single datum of experience”, an overly complicated quote which is an obvious violation of Einstein’s Razor. (You can tell by looking at a picture of Einstein that the dude was hardly an expert on razors or other grooming apparati.) Finagle's Law of Dynamic Negatives: Anything that can go wrong, will—at the worst possible moment. - O'Toole's Corollary: The perversity of the Universe tends towards a maximum. Greenspun's Tenth Rule: Any sufficiently complicated C or Fortran program contains an ad hoc, informally-specified, bug-ridden, slow implementation of half of Common Lisp. (Morris’s Corollary: “…including Common Lisp”) Hofstadter's Law: It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter's Law. Issawi’s Omelet Analogy: One cannot make an omelet without breaking eggs - but it is amazing how many eggs one can break without making a decent omelet. Jackson’s Rules of Optimization: Rule 1: Don't do it. Rule 2 (for experts only): Don't do it yet. Kaner’s Caveat: A program which perfectly meets a lousy specification is a lousy program. Liskov Substitution Principle (paraphrased): Functions that use pointers or references to base classes must be able to use objects of derived classes without knowing it Mason’s Maxim: Since human beings themselves are not fully debugged yet, there will be bugs in your code no matter what you do. Nils-Peter Nelson’s Nil I/O Rule: The fastest I/O is no I/O.    Occam's Razor: The simplest explanation is usually the correct one. Parkinson’s Law: Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion. Quentin Tarantino’s Pie Principle: “…you want to go home have a drink and go and eat pie and talk about it.” (OK, he was talking about movies, not software, but I couldn’t find a “Q” quote about software. And wouldn’t it be cool to write a program so great that the users want to eat pie and talk about it?) Raymond’s Rule: Computer science education cannot make anybody an expert programmer any more than studying brushes and pigment can make somebody an expert painter.  Sowa's Law of Standards: Whenever a major organization develops a new system as an official standard for X, the primary result is the widespread adoption of some simpler system as a de facto standard for X. Turing’s Tenet: We shall do a much better programming job, provided we approach the task with a full appreciation of its tremendous difficulty, provided that we respect the intrinsic limitations of the human mind and approach the task as very humble programmers.  Udi Dahan’s Race Condition Rule: If you think you have a race condition, you don’t understand the domain well enough. These rules didn’t exist in the age of paper, there is no reason for them to exist in the age of computers. When you have race conditions, go back to the business and find out actual rules. Van Vleck’s Kvetching: We know about as much about software quality problems as they knew about the Black Plague in the 1600s. We've seen the victims' agonies and helped burn the corpses. We don't know what causes it; we don't really know if there is only one disease. We just suffer -- and keep pouring our sewage into our water supply. Wheeler’s Law: All problems in computer science can be solved by another level of indirection... Except for the problem of too many layers of indirection. Wheeler also said “Compatibility means deliberately repeating other people's mistakes.”. The Wrong Road Rule of Mr. X (anonymous): No matter how far down the wrong road you've gone, turn back. Yourdon’s Rule of Two Feet: If you think your management doesn't know what it's doing or that your organisation turns out low-quality software crap that embarrasses you, then leave. Zawinski's Law of Software Envelopment: Every program attempts to expand until it can read mail. Zawinski is also responsible for “Some people, when confronted with a problem, think 'I know, I'll use regular expressions.' Now they have two problems.” He once commented about X Windows widget toolkits: “Using these toolkits is like trying to make a bookshelf out of mashed potatoes.”

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• Calling All Agile Customers-Share Your Stories at the Upcoming PLM Summit

  - by Terri Hiskey

  Now that we've closed the door on another Oracle OpenWorld, planning is in full swing for the next PLM Summit, taking place February 4-6, 2013 in San Francisco, in conjunction with the Oracle Value Chain Summit. This event is a must-attend for all Agile PLM customers. We will be holding five tracks with over forty Agile PLM-focused sessions covering a range of topics and industries. If you'd like to be notified once registration is live for this event, be sure to sign up at www.oracle.com/goto/vcs. CALL FOR PRESENTATIONS: We are looking for some fresh, new customer stories to share with attendees. Read below for descriptions of the five tracks, and the suggested topics that we'd like to hear from customers. If you are interested in presenting at the PLM Summit (and getting a FREE pass to attend if your presentation is accepted!) send me an email at terri.hiskey-AT-oracle.com with: Your proposed session title and the track your session fits into 3-5 bullets of takeaways that attendees will get from your presentation Your complete contact information including name, title, company, telephone number and email The deadline for this call for presentations is Thursday, November 15, so get your submission in soon! PLM Track #1:  Product Insights and Best Practices This track will provide executive attendees and line of business managers with an overview of how Agile PLM has been deployed and used at customers to enable and manage critical product-related business processes including enterprise quality and supplier management, compliance, product cost management, portfolio management, commercialization and software lifecycle management. These sessions will also provide details around how to manage the development and rollout of the solutions and how to achieve and track value. Possible session topics: Software Lifecycle Management Enterprise Quality Management New Product Development Integrated Business Planning ECO effectivity planning Rapid Commercialization             Manage the Design to Release Process for Complex Configured Products PLM for Life Sciences Companies I (Compliant Data Set) PLM for Life Sciences Companies II (eMDR, UDI) Discrete CPG – Private Label Mgmt Cost Management and Strategic Sourcing IP Mgmt in the Semiconductor Industry Implementing the Enterprise Training Record using Agile PLM PLM Track #2: Product Deep Dives & Demos This track is aimed at line of business  and IT managers who would like to understand the benefits of expanding their PLM footprint. The sessions in this track will provide attendees with an up-close and in-depth look Agile PLM’s newer and exciting applications, including analytics and innovation management, and will detail features and functionality that are available in the latest version of Agile PLM Possible session topics: Oracle Product Lifecycle Analytics Integrating PLM with Engineering and Supply Chain Systems Streamline PLM Design to Manufacturing Processes with AutoVue Visualization Solutions         Achieve Environmental Compliance (REACH and ROHS) with Agile Product Governance & Compliance PIM Deep Dive Achieving Integrated Change Control with Agile PLM and E-Business Suite Deploying PLM at Small and Midsize Enterprises Enhancing Oracle PQM w/APQP and 8D functionality Advanced Roles and Privileges – Enabling ITAR Model Unit Effectivity Implementing REACH with 9.3.2 Deploying Job Functions, Functional Teams in 9.3.2 to Improve Your Approval Matrix PLM Track #3: Administration & Integrations This track will provide sessions for Agile administrators, managers and daily Agile PLM users who are preparing to upgrade or looking to extend the use of their current PLM implementation through AIA and process extensions. It will include deeper conversation about Agile PLM features and best practices on managing an Agile PLM infrastructure. Possible session topics: Expand the Value of your Agile Investment with Innovative Process Extension Ideas Ensuring Implementation & Upgrade Success Ensure the Integrity and Accuracy of Product Data Across the Enterprise              Maximize the Benefits of an Integrated Architecture with AIA Integrating your PLM Implementation with ERP               Infrastructure Optimization Expanding Your PLM Implementation PLM Administrator Open Forum Q&A/Discussion FDA Validation Best Practices Best Practices for Managing a large Agile Deployment: Clustering, Load Balancing and Firewalls PLM Track #4: Agile PLM for Process This track is aimed at attendees interested in or currently using Agile PLM for Process. The sessions in this track will go over new features and functionality available in the newest version of PLM for Process and will give attendees an overview on how PLM for Process is being used to manage critical business processes such as formulation, recipe and specification management Possible session topics: PLM for Process Strategy, Roadmap and Update New Product Development and Introduction Effective Product Supplier Collaboration             Leverage Agile Formulation and Compliance to Manage Cost, Compliance, Quality, Labeling and Nutrition Menu Management Innovation Data Management Food Safety/ Introduction of P4P Quality Mgmt PLM Track #5: Agile PLM and Innovation Management This track consists of five sessions, and is for attendees interested in learning more about Oracle’s Agile Innovation Management, an exciting new addition to the Agile PLM application family that redefines the industry’s scope of product lifecycle management. Oracle’s innovation solutions enable companies to collaborate in a focused way among various functional groups (marketing, sales, operations, engineering/R&D and sourcing), combining insights of customer needs/requirements, competition, available technologies, alternate design scenarios and portfolio constraints to deliver what customers truly value. The results are better products, higher margins, greater efficiencies, more satisfied customers and the increased ability to continuously innovate. Possible session topics: Product Innovation Management Solution Overview Product Requirements & Ideation Management Concept Design Management Product Lifecycle Portfolio Management Innovation as a Competitive Differentiator

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• CQRS - Should a Command try to create a "complex" master-detail entity?

  - by Simon Crabtree

  I've been reading Greg Young and Udi Dahan's thoughts on Command Query Responsibilty Separation and a lot of what I read strikes a chord with me. My domain (we track vehicles which are doing deliveries) has the concept of a Route which contains one or more Stops. I need my customers to be able to set these up in our system by calling a webservice, and then be able to retrieve information about a Route and how the vehicle is progressing. In the past I would have "cut-down" DTO classes which closely resemble my domain classes, and the customer would create a RouteDto with an array of StopDto(s), and call our CreateRoute webmethod, passing in the RouteDto. When they query our system by calling the GetRouteDetails method, I would return exactly the same objects to them. One of the appealing aspects of CQRS is that the RouteDto might have all manner of properties that the customer wants to query, but have no business setting when they create a Route. So I create a separate CreateRouteRequest class which is passed in when calling the CreateRoute "command", and a Route DTO class which gets returned as a query result. class Route{ string Reference; List<Stop> Stops; } But I need my customer to provide me with Route AND Stop details when they create a route. As I see it I could either... Give my CreateRouteRequest class a Stops(s) property which is an array of "something" representing the data they need to provide about each stop - but what do I call this class? It's not a Stop as that's what I'm calling the list of DTO inside my Route DTO, but I don't like "CreateStopRequest". I also wonder if I'm stuck in a CRUD mindset here thinking in terms of master-detail information and asking the customer to think like that too. class CreateRouteRequest{ string Reference; ... List<CreateStopRequest> Stops; } or They call CreateRoute, and then make a number of calls to an AddStopToRoute method. This feels a bit more "behavioural" but I'm going to lose the ability to treat creating a route including its stops as a single atomic command. If they create a Route and then try to add a Stop which fails due to some validation problem they're going to have a partially correct Route. The fact that I can't come up with a good name for the list of "StopCreationData" objects I'd be working with in option 1, makes me wonder if there's something I'm missing.

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• Domain Validation in a CQRS architecture

  - by Jupaol

  Basically I want to know if there is a better way to validate my domain entities. This is how I am planning to do it but I would like your opinion The first approach I considered was: class Customer : EntityBase<Customer> { public void ChangeEmail(string email) { if(string.IsNullOrWhitespace(email)) throw new DomainException(“...”); if(!email.IsEmail()) throw new DomainException(); if(email.Contains(“@mailinator.com”)) throw new DomainException(); } } I actually do not like this validation because even when I am encapsulating the validation logic in the correct entity, this is violating the Open/Close principle (Open for extension but Close for modification) and I have found that violating this principle, code maintenance becomes a real pain when the application grows up in complexity. Why? Because domain rules change more often than we would like to admit, and if the rules are hidden and embedded in an entity like this, they are hard to test, hard to read, hard to maintain but the real reason why I do not like this approach is: if the validation rules change, I have to come and edit my domain entity. This has been a really simple example but in RL the validation could be more complex So following the philosophy of Udi Dahan, making roles explicit, and the recommendation from Eric Evans in the blue book, the next try was to implement the specification pattern, something like this class EmailDomainIsAllowedSpecification : IDomainSpecification<Customer> { private INotAllowedEmailDomainsResolver invalidEmailDomainsResolver; public bool IsSatisfiedBy(Customer customer) { return !this.invalidEmailDomainsResolver.GetInvalidEmailDomains().Contains(customer.Email); } } But then I realize that in order to follow this approach I had to mutate my entities first in order to pass the value being valdiated, in this case the email, but mutating them would cause my domain events being fired which I wouldn’t like to happen until the new email is valid So after considering these approaches, I came out with this one, since I am going to implement a CQRS architecture: class EmailDomainIsAllowedValidator : IDomainInvariantValidator<Customer, ChangeEmailCommand> { public void IsValid(Customer entity, ChangeEmailCommand command) { if(!command.Email.HasValidDomain()) throw new DomainException(“...”); } } Well that’s the main idea, the entity is passed to the validator in case we need some value from the entity to perform the validation, the command contains the data coming from the user and since the validators are considered injectable objects they could have external dependencies injected if the validation requires it. Now the dilemma, I am happy with a design like this because my validation is encapsulated in individual objects which brings many advantages: easy unit test, easy to maintain, domain invariants are explicitly expressed using the Ubiquitous Language, easy to extend, validation logic is centralized and validators can be used together to enforce complex domain rules. And even when I know I am placing the validation of my entities outside of them (You could argue a code smell - Anemic Domain) but I think the trade-off is acceptable But there is one thing that I have not figured out how to implement it in a clean way. How should I use this components... Since they will be injected, they won’t fit naturally inside my domain entities, so basically I see two options: Pass the validators to each method of my entity Validate my objects externally (from the command handler) I am not happy with the option 1 so I would explain how I would do it with the option 2 class ChangeEmailCommandHandler : ICommandHandler<ChangeEmailCommand> { public void Execute(ChangeEmailCommand command) { private IEnumerable<IDomainInvariantValidator> validators; // here I would get the validators required for this command injected, and in here I would validate them, something like this using (var t = this.unitOfWork.BeginTransaction()) { var customer = this.unitOfWork.Get<Customer>(command.CustomerId); this.validators.ForEach(x =. x.IsValid(customer, command)); // here I know the command is valid // the call to ChangeEmail will fire domain events as needed customer.ChangeEmail(command.Email); t.Commit(); } } } Well this is it. Can you give me your thoughts about this or share your experiences with Domain entities validation EDIT I think it is not clear from my question, but the real problem is: Hiding the domain rules has serious implications in the future maintainability of the application, and also domain rules change often during the life-cycle of the app. Hence implementing them with this in mind would let us extend them easily. Now imagine in the future a rules engine is implemented, if the rules are encapsulated outside of the domain entities, this change would be easier to implement

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• CISCO 2911 Router configuration

  - by bala

  Device cisco 2911 router configuration support is required please. I have exchange server 2010 configured and working without any errors the problem is in cisco router configuration when exchange server sends emails out the receives WAN IP not the public ip. I have configured RDNS lookups with our MX record IP addesses that match the FQDN but all our emails are rejected because it does not match with the public ip. Receiving mails problem is not an problem all mails are coming through. i am sure i am missing something on the router configuration that does not sends the public ip, can any one help me to solve this issue. Note; I've got 1 WAN IP & 8 Public IP from ISP . Find below the running configuration. Building configuration... Current configuration : 2734 bytes ! ! Last configuration change at 06:32:13 UTC Tue Apr 3 2012 ! NVRAM config last updated at 06:32:14 UTC Tue Apr 3 2012 ! NVRAM config last updated at 06:32:14 UTC Tue Apr 3 2012 version 15.1 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption ! hostname BSBG-LL ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! enable secret 5 $x$xHrxxxxx5ox0 enable password 7 xx23xx5FxxE1xx044 ! no aaa new-model ! no ipv6 cef ip source-route ip cef ! ! ! ! ! ip flow-cache timeout active 1 ip domain name yourdomain.com ip name-server 213.42.20.20 ip name-server 195.229.241.222 multilink bundle-name authenticated ! ! crypto pki token default removal timeout 0 ! ! license udi pid CISCO2911/K9 ! ! username bsbg ! ! ! ! ! ! interface Embedded-Service-Engine0/0 no ip address shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.0.9 255.255.255.0 ip flow ingress ip nat inside ip virtual-reassembly in duplex auto speed 100 no cdp enable ! interface GigabitEthernet0/1 ip address 213.42.xx.x2 255.255.255.252 ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly in duplex auto speed auto no cdp enable ! interface GigabitEthernet0/2 no ip address shutdown duplex auto speed auto ! ip forward-protocol nd ! no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! ip nat inside source list 120 interface GigabitEthernet0/1 overload ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 25 94.56.89.100 25 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 53 94.56.89.100 53 extendable ip nat inside source static udp 192.168.0.4 53 94.56.89.100 53 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 110 94.56.89.100 110 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 443 94.56.89.100 443 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 587 94.56.89.100 587 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 995 94.56.89.100 995 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 3389 94.56.89.100 3389 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.4 443 94.56.89.101 443 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.12 80 94.56.89.102 80 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.12 443 94.56.89.102 443 extendable ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.12 3389 94.56.89.102 3389 extendable ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 213.42.69.41 ! access-list 120 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 any ! ! ! control-plane ! ! ! line con 0 exec-timeout 5 0 line aux 0 line 2 no activation-character no exec transport preferred none transport input all transport output pad telnet rlogin lapb-ta mop udptn v120 ssh stopbits 1 line vty 0 4 password 7 xx64xxD530D26086Dxx login transport input all ! scheduler allocate 20000 1000 end

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• Cisco 881 losing NAT NVI translation config after reload

  - by MasterRoot24

  This is a weird one, so I'll try to explain in as much detail as I can so I'm giving the whole picture. As I've mentioned in my other questions, I'm in the process of setting up a new Cisco 881 as my WAN router and NAT firewall. I'm facing an issue where NAT NVI rules that I have configured are not enabled after a reload of the router, regardless of the fact that they are present in the startup-config. In order to clarify this a little, here's the relevant section of my current running-config: Router1#show running-config | include nat source ip nat source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source list 2 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 80 interface FastEthernet4 80 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 443 interface FastEthernet4 443 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 25 interface FastEthernet4 25 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 587 interface FastEthernet4 587 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 143 interface FastEthernet4 143 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 993 interface FastEthernet4 993 ...and here's the mappings 'in action': Router1#show ip nat nvi translations | include --- tcp <WAN IP>:25 192.168.1.x:25 --- --- tcp <WAN IP>:80 192.168.1.x:80 --- --- tcp <WAN IP>:143 192.168.1.x:143 --- --- tcp <WAN IP>:443 192.168.1.x:443 --- --- tcp <WAN IP>:587 192.168.1.x:587 --- --- tcp <WAN IP>:993 192.168.1.x:993 --- --- tcp <WAN IP>:1723 192.168.1.x:1723 --- --- ...and here's proof that the mappings are saved to startup-config: Router1#show startup-config | include nat source ip nat source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source list 2 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 80 interface FastEthernet4 80 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 443 interface FastEthernet4 443 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 25 interface FastEthernet4 25 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 587 interface FastEthernet4 587 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 143 interface FastEthernet4 143 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 993 interface FastEthernet4 993 However, look what happens after a reload of the router: Router1#reload Proceed with reload? [confirm]Connection to router closed by remote host. Connection to router closed. $ ssh joe@router Password: Authorized Access only Router1>en Password: Router1#show ip nat nvi translations | include --- Router1# Router1#show ip nat translations | include --- tcp 188.222.181.173:25 192.168.1.2:25 --- --- tcp 188.222.181.173:80 192.168.1.2:80 --- --- tcp 188.222.181.173:143 192.168.1.2:143 --- --- tcp 188.222.181.173:443 192.168.1.2:443 --- --- tcp 188.222.181.173:587 192.168.1.2:587 --- --- tcp 188.222.181.173:993 192.168.1.2:993 --- --- tcp 188.222.181.173:1723 192.168.1.2:1723 --- --- Router1# Here's proof that the running config should have the mappings setup as NVI: Router1#show running-config | include nat source ip nat source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source list 2 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 80 interface FastEthernet4 80 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 443 interface FastEthernet4 443 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 25 interface FastEthernet4 25 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 587 interface FastEthernet4 587 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 143 interface FastEthernet4 143 ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 993 interface FastEthernet4 993 At this point, the mappings are not working (inbound connections from WAN on the HTTP/IMAP fail). I presume that this is because my interfaces are using ip nat enable for use with NVI mappings, instead of ip nat inside/outside. So, I re-apply the mappings: Router1#configure ter Router1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router1(config)#ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 Router1(config)#ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 80 interface FastEthernet4 80 Router1(config)#ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 443 interface FastEthernet4 443 Router1(config)#ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 25 interface FastEthernet4 25 Router1(config)#ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 587 interface FastEthernet4 587 Router1(config)#ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 143 interface FastEthernet4 143 Router1(config)#ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.2 993 interface FastEthernet4 993 Router1(config)#end ... then they show up correctly: Router1#show ip nat nvi translations | include --- tcp 188.222.181.173:25 192.168.1.2:25 --- --- tcp 188.222.181.173:80 192.168.1.2:80 --- --- tcp 188.222.181.173:143 192.168.1.2:143 --- --- tcp 188.222.181.173:443 192.168.1.2:443 --- --- tcp 188.222.181.173:587 192.168.1.2:587 --- --- tcp 188.222.181.173:993 192.168.1.2:993 --- --- tcp 188.222.181.173:1723 192.168.1.2:1723 --- --- Router1# Router1#show ip nat translations | include --- Router1# ... furthermore, now from both WAN and LAN, the services mapped above now work until the next reload. All of the above is required every time I have to reload the router (which is all too often at the moment :-( ). Here's my full current config: ! ! Last configuration change at 20:20:15 UTC Tue Dec 11 2012 by xxx version 15.2 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption ! hostname xxx ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! enable secret 4 xxxx ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login local_auth local ! ! ! ! ! aaa session-id common ! memory-size iomem 10 ! crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-xxx enrollment selfsigned subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-xxx revocation-check none rsakeypair TP-self-signed-xxx ! ! crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-xxx certificate self-signed 01 xxx quit ip gratuitous-arps ip auth-proxy max-login-attempts 5 ip admission max-login-attempts 5 ! ! ! ! ! ip domain list dmz.xxx.local ip domain list xxx.local ip domain name dmz.xxx.local ip name-server 192.168.1.x ip cef login block-for 3 attempts 3 within 3 no ipv6 cef ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated license udi pid CISCO881-SEC-K9 sn xxx ! ! username admin privilege 15 secret 4 xxx username joe secret 4 xxx ! ! ! ! ! ip ssh time-out 60 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet1 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet3 switchport access vlan 2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet4 ip address dhcp ip access-group 101 in ip nat enable duplex auto speed auto ! interface Vlan1 ip address 192.168.1.x 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp ip nat enable ! interface Vlan2 ip address 192.168.0.x 255.255.255.0 ! ip forward-protocol nd ip http server ip http access-class 1 ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ! ! ip nat source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source list 2 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 ! ! access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 2 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 101 permit udp 193.x.x.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 5060 access-list 101 deny udp any any eq 5060 access-list 101 permit ip any any ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! banner motd Authorized Access only ! line con 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth line aux 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth line vty 0 4 access-class 2 in login authentication local_auth length 0 transport input all ! ! end I'd appreciate it greatly if anyone can help me find out why these mappings are not setup correctly using the saved config after a reload.

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• Cisco 891w multiple VLAN configuration

  - by Jessica

  I'm having trouble getting my guest network up. I have VLAN 1 that contains all our network resources (servers, desktops, printers, etc). I have the wireless configured to use VLAN1 but authenticate with wpa2 enterprise. The guest network I just wanted to be open or configured with a simple WPA2 personal password on it's own VLAN2. I've looked at tons of documentation and it should be working but I can't even authenticate on the guest network! I've posted this on cisco's support forum a week ago but no one has really responded. I could really use some help. So if anyone could take a look at the configurations I posted and steer me in the right direction I would be extremely grateful. Thank you! version 15.0 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname ESI ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! logging buffered 51200 warnings ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login userauthen local aaa authorization network groupauthor local ! ! ! ! ! aaa session-id common ! ! ! clock timezone EST -5 clock summer-time EDT recurring service-module wlan-ap 0 bootimage autonomous ! crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-3369945891 enrollment selfsigned subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-3369945891 revocation-check none rsakeypair TP-self-signed-3369945891 ! ! crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-3369945891 certificate self-signed 01 (cert is here) quit ip source-route ! ! ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.5 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.2 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.210 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.6 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.8 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.3.1 ! ip dhcp pool ccp-pool import all network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.1.1 dns-server 10.171.12.5 10.171.12.37 lease 0 2 ! ip dhcp pool guest import all network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.3.1 dns-server 10.171.12.5 10.171.12.37 ! ! ip cef no ip domain lookup no ipv6 cef ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated license udi pid CISCO891W-AGN-A-K9 sn FTX153085WL ! ! username ESIadmin privilege 15 secret 5 $1$g1..$JSZ0qxljZAgJJIk/anDu51 username user1 password 0 pass ! ! ! class-map type inspect match-any ccp-cls-insp-traffic match protocol cuseeme match protocol dns match protocol ftp match protocol h323 match protocol https match protocol icmp match protocol imap match protocol pop3 match protocol netshow match protocol shell match protocol realmedia match protocol rtsp match protocol smtp match protocol sql-net match protocol streamworks match protocol tftp match protocol vdolive match protocol tcp match protocol udp class-map type inspect match-all ccp-insp-traffic match class-map ccp-cls-insp-traffic class-map type inspect match-any ccp-cls-icmp-access match protocol icmp class-map type inspect match-all ccp-invalid-src match access-group 100 class-map type inspect match-all ccp-icmp-access match class-map ccp-cls-icmp-access class-map type inspect match-all ccp-protocol-http match protocol http ! ! policy-map type inspect ccp-permit-icmpreply class type inspect ccp-icmp-access inspect class class-default pass policy-map type inspect ccp-inspect class type inspect ccp-invalid-src drop log class type inspect ccp-protocol-http inspect class type inspect ccp-insp-traffic inspect class class-default drop policy-map type inspect ccp-permit class class-default drop ! zone security out-zone zone security in-zone zone-pair security ccp-zp-self-out source self destination out-zone service-policy type inspect ccp-permit-icmpreply zone-pair security ccp-zp-in-out source in-zone destination out-zone service-policy type inspect ccp-inspect zone-pair security ccp-zp-out-self source out-zone destination self service-policy type inspect ccp-permit ! ! crypto isakmp policy 1 encr 3des authentication pre-share group 2 ! crypto isakmp client configuration group 3000client key 67Nif8LLmqP_ dns 10.171.12.37 10.171.12.5 pool dynpool acl 101 ! ! crypto ipsec transform-set myset esp-3des esp-sha-hmac ! crypto dynamic-map dynmap 10 set transform-set myset ! ! crypto map clientmap client authentication list userauthen crypto map clientmap isakmp authorization list groupauthor crypto map clientmap client configuration address initiate crypto map clientmap client configuration address respond crypto map clientmap 10 ipsec-isakmp dynamic dynmap ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 ! ! interface FastEthernet1 ! ! interface FastEthernet2 ! ! interface FastEthernet3 ! ! interface FastEthernet4 ! ! interface FastEthernet5 ! ! interface FastEthernet6 ! ! interface FastEthernet7 ! ! interface FastEthernet8 ip address dhcp ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly duplex auto speed auto ! ! interface GigabitEthernet0 description $FW_OUTSIDE$$ES_WAN$ ip address 10...* 255.255.254.0 ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly zone-member security out-zone duplex auto speed auto crypto map clientmap ! ! interface wlan-ap0 description Service module interface to manage the embedded AP ip unnumbered Vlan1 arp timeout 0 ! ! interface Wlan-GigabitEthernet0 description Internal switch interface connecting to the embedded AP switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-3,1002-1005 switchport mode trunk ! ! interface Vlan1 description $ETH-SW-LAUNCH$$INTF-INFO-FE 1$$FW_INSIDE$ ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip nat inside ip virtual-reassembly zone-member security in-zone ip tcp adjust-mss 1452 crypto map clientmap ! ! interface Vlan2 description guest ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 ip access-group 120 in ip nat inside ip virtual-reassembly zone-member security in-zone ! ! interface Async1 no ip address encapsulation slip ! ! ip local pool dynpool 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.210 ip forward-protocol nd ip http server ip http access-class 23 ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ip http timeout-policy idle 60 life 86400 requests 10000 ! ! ip dns server ip nat inside source list 23 interface GigabitEthernet0 overload ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.165.0.1 ! access-list 23 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 100 remark CCP_ACL Category=128 access-list 100 permit ip host 255.255.255.255 any access-list 100 permit ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any access-list 100 permit ip 10.165.0.0 0.0.1.255 any access-list 110 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.5.255 any access-list 120 remark ESIGuest Restriction no cdp run ! ! ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! alias exec dot11radio service-module wlan-ap 0 session Access point version 12.4 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname ESIRouter ! no logging console enable secret 5 $1$yEH5$CxI5.9ypCBa6kXrUnSuvp1 ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa group server radius rad_eap server 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813 ! aaa group server radius rad_acct server 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813 ! aaa authentication login eap_methods group rad_eap aaa authentication enable default line enable aaa authorization exec default local aaa authorization commands 15 default local aaa accounting network acct_methods start-stop group rad_acct ! aaa session-id common clock timezone EST -5 clock summer-time EDT recurring ip domain name ESI ! ! dot11 syslog dot11 vlan-name one vlan 1 dot11 vlan-name two vlan 2 ! dot11 ssid one vlan 1 authentication open eap eap_methods authentication network-eap eap_methods authentication key-management wpa version 2 accounting rad_acct ! dot11 ssid two vlan 2 authentication open guest-mode ! dot11 network-map ! ! username ESIadmin privilege 15 secret 5 $1$p02C$WVHr5yKtRtQxuFxPU8NOx. ! ! bridge irb ! ! interface Dot11Radio0 no ip address no ip route-cache ! encryption vlan 1 mode ciphers aes-ccm ! broadcast-key vlan 1 change 30 ! ! ssid one ! ssid two ! antenna gain 0 station-role root ! interface Dot11Radio0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no ip route-cache bridge-group 1 bridge-group 1 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 1 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 1 source-learning no bridge-group 1 unicast-flooding bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled ! interface Dot11Radio0.2 encapsulation dot1Q 2 no ip route-cache bridge-group 2 bridge-group 2 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 2 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 2 source-learning no bridge-group 2 unicast-flooding bridge-group 2 spanning-disabled ! interface Dot11Radio1 no ip address no ip route-cache shutdown ! encryption vlan 1 mode ciphers aes-ccm ! broadcast-key vlan 1 change 30 ! ! ssid one ! antenna gain 0 dfs band 3 block channel dfs station-role root ! interface Dot11Radio1.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no ip route-cache bridge-group 1 bridge-group 1 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 1 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 1 source-learning no bridge-group 1 unicast-flooding bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled ! interface GigabitEthernet0 description the embedded AP GigabitEthernet 0 is an internal interface connecting AP with the host router no ip address no ip route-cache ! interface GigabitEthernet0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no ip route-cache bridge-group 1 no bridge-group 1 source-learning bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled ! interface GigabitEthernet0.2 encapsulation dot1Q 2 no ip route-cache bridge-group 2 no bridge-group 2 source-learning bridge-group 2 spanning-disabled ! interface BVI1 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 no ip route-cache ! ip http server no ip http secure-server ip http help-path http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/smbiz/prodconfig/help/eag access-list 10 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 radius-server host 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813 key ***** bridge 1 route ip

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• Inbound SIP calls through Cisco 881 NAT hang up after a few seconds

  - by MasterRoot24

  I've recently moved to a Cisco 881 router for my WAN link. I was previously using a Cisco Linksys WAG320N as my modem/router/WiFi AP/NAT firewall. The WAG320N is now running in bridged mode, so it's simply acting as a modem with one of it's LAN ports connected to FE4 WAN on my Cisco 881. The Cisco 881 get's a DHCP provided IP from my ISP. My LAN is part of default Vlan 1 (192.168.1.0/24). General internet connectivity is working great, I've managed to setup static NAT rules for my HTTP/HTTPS/SMTP/etc. services which are running on my LAN. I don't know whether it's worth mentioning that I've opted to use NVI NAT (ip nat enable as opposed to the traditional ip nat outside/ip nat inside) setup. My reason for this is that NVI allows NAT loopback from my LAN to the WAN IP and back in to the necessary server on the LAN. I run an Asterisk 1.8 PBX on my LAN, which connects to a SIP provider on the internet. Both inbound and outbound calls through the old setup (WAG320N providing routing/NAT) worked fine. However, since moving to the Cisco 881, inbound calls drop after around 10 seconds, whereas outbound calls work fine. The following message is logged on my Asterisk PBX: [Dec 9 15:27:45] WARNING[27734]: chan_sip.c:3641 retrans_pkt: Retransmission timeout reached on transmission [email protected] for seqno 1 (Critical Response) -- See https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/SIP+Retransmissions Packet timed out after 6528ms with no response [Dec 9 15:27:45] WARNING[27734]: chan_sip.c:3670 retrans_pkt: Hanging up call [email protected] - no reply to our critical packet (see https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/SIP+Retransmissions). (I know that this is quite a common issue - I've spend the best part of 2 days solid on this, trawling Google.) I've done as I am told and checked https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/SIP+Retransmissions. Referring to the section "Other SIP requests" in the page linked above, I believe that the hangup to be caused by the ACK from my SIP provider not being passed back through NAT to Asterisk on my PBX. I tried to ascertain this by dumping the packets on my WAN interface on the 881. I managed to obtain a PCAP dump of packets in/out of my WAN interface. Here's an example of an ACK being reveived by the router from my provider: 689 21.219999 193.x.x.x 188.x.x.x SIP 502 Request: ACK sip:[email protected] | However a SIP trace on the Asterisk server show's that there are no ACK's received in response to the 200 OK from my PBX: http://pastebin.com/wwHpLPPz In the past, I have been strongly advised to disable any sort of SIP ALGs on routers and/or firewalls and the many posts regarding this issue on the internet seem to support this. However, I believe on Cisco IOS, the config command to disable SIP ALG is no ip nat service sip udp port 5060 however, this doesn't appear to help the situation. To confirm that config setting is set: Router1#show running-config | include sip no ip nat service sip udp port 5060 Another interesting twist: for a short period of time, I tried another provider. Luckily, my trial account with them is still available, so I reverted my Asterisk config back to the revision before I integrated with my current provider. I then dialled in to the DDI associated with the trial trunk and the call didn't get hung up and I didn't get the error above! To me, this points at the provider, however I know, like all providers do, will say "There's no issues with our SIP proxies - it's your firewall." I'm tempted to agree with this, as this issue was not apparent with the old WAG320N router when it was doing the NAT'ing. I'm sure you'll want to see my running-config too: ! ! Last configuration change at 15:55:07 UTC Sun Dec 9 2012 by xxx version 15.2 no service pad service tcp-keepalives-in service tcp-keepalives-out service timestamps debug datetime msec localtime show-timezone service timestamps log datetime msec localtime show-timezone no service password-encryption service sequence-numbers ! hostname Router1 ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! security authentication failure rate 10 log security passwords min-length 6 logging buffered 4096 logging console critical enable secret 4 xxx ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login local_auth local ! ! ! ! ! aaa session-id common ! memory-size iomem 10 ! crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-xxx enrollment selfsigned subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-xxx revocation-check none rsakeypair TP-self-signed-xxx ! ! crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-xxx certificate self-signed 01 quit no ip source-route no ip gratuitous-arps ip auth-proxy max-login-attempts 5 ip admission max-login-attempts 5 ! ! ! ! ! no ip bootp server ip domain name dmz.merlin.local ip domain list dmz.merlin.local ip domain list merlin.local ip name-server x.x.x.x ip inspect audit-trail ip inspect udp idle-time 1800 ip inspect dns-timeout 7 ip inspect tcp idle-time 14400 ip inspect name autosec_inspect ftp timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect http timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect rcmd timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect realaudio timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect smtp timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect tftp timeout 30 ip inspect name autosec_inspect udp timeout 15 ip inspect name autosec_inspect tcp timeout 3600 ip cef login block-for 3 attempts 3 within 3 no ipv6 cef ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated license udi pid CISCO881-SEC-K9 sn ! ! username xxx privilege 15 secret 4 xxx username xxx secret 4 xxx ! ! ! ! ! ip ssh time-out 60 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet1 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet3 switchport access vlan 2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet4 ip address dhcp no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp ip nat enable duplex auto speed auto ! interface Vlan1 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp ip nat enable ! interface Vlan2 ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0 ! ip forward-protocol nd ip http server ip http access-class 1 ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ip http timeout-policy idle 60 life 86400 requests 10000 ! ! no ip nat service sip udp port 5060 ip nat source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 80 interface FastEthernet4 80 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 443 interface FastEthernet4 443 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 25 interface FastEthernet4 25 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 587 interface FastEthernet4 587 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 143 interface FastEthernet4 143 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 993 interface FastEthernet4 993 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 ! ! logging trap debugging logging facility local2 access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 no cdp run ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! banner motd Authorized Access only ! line con 0 login authentication local_auth length 0 transport output all line aux 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth transport output all line vty 0 1 access-class 1 in logging synchronous login authentication local_auth length 0 transport preferred none transport input telnet transport output all line vty 2 4 access-class 1 in login authentication local_auth length 0 transport input ssh transport output all ! ! end ...and, if it's of any use, here's my Asterisk SIP config: [general] context=default ; Default context for calls allowoverlap=no ; Disable overlap dialing support. (Default is yes) udpbindaddr=0.0.0.0 ; IP address to bind UDP listen socket to (0.0.0.0 binds to all) ; Optionally add a port number, 192.168.1.1:5062 (default is port 5060) tcpenable=no ; Enable server for incoming TCP connections (default is no) tcpbindaddr=0.0.0.0 ; IP address for TCP server to bind to (0.0.0.0 binds to all interfaces) ; Optionally add a port number, 192.168.1.1:5062 (default is port 5060) srvlookup=yes ; Enable DNS SRV lookups on outbound calls ; Note: Asterisk only uses the first host ; in SRV records ; Disabling DNS SRV lookups disables the ; ability to place SIP calls based on domain ; names to some other SIP users on the Internet ; Specifying a port in a SIP peer definition or ; when dialing outbound calls will supress SRV ; lookups for that peer or call. directmedia=no ; Don't allow direct RTP media between extensions (doesn't work through NAT) externhost=<MY DYNDNS HOSTNAME> ; Our external hostname to resolve to IP and be used in NAT'ed packets localnet=192.168.1.0/24 ; Define our local network so we know which packets need NAT'ing qualify=yes ; Qualify peers by default dtmfmode=rfc2833 ; Set the default DTMF mode disallow=all ; Disallow all codecs by default allow=ulaw ; Allow G.711 u-law allow=alaw ; Allow G.711 a-law ; ---------------------- ; SIP Trunk Registration ; ---------------------- ; Orbtalk register => <MY SIP PROVIDER USER NAME>:[email protected]/<MY DDI> ; Main Orbtalk number ; ---------- ; Trunks ; ---------- [orbtalk] ; Main Orbtalk trunk type=peer insecure=invite host=sipgw3.orbtalk.co.uk nat=yes username=<MY SIP PROVIDER USER NAME> defaultuser=<MY SIP PROVIDER USER NAME> fromuser=<MY SIP PROVIDER USER NAME> secret=xxx context=inbound I really don't know where to go with this. If anyone can help me find out why these calls are being dropped off, I'd be grateful if you could chime in! Please let me know if any further info is required.

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• Unable to PPTP through NAT on Cisco 881

  - by MasterRoot24

  I'm trying to connect to a PPTP server which is sat behind a Cisco 881 NAT router. The server is running Ubuntu Server 12.04 and is running Poptop pptpd as the PPTP daemon listening for connections. As discussed in my other question, I'm trying to setup a Cisco 881 router to replace my old Linksys WAG320N. This same server and WAN connection worked fine with the WAG320N with no special configuration, other than allowing 1723 in through the firewall. On the Cisco 881, I'm using the newer ip nat enable or NAT NVI to setup static routes in through the firewall for the services running behind the router. My reason being that I can't run another copy of my live DNS domains internally with local IP addresses in. For the purposes of this question, though, I have rebuilt the router with ip nat inside/outside style NAT'ing, but this issue is still apparent. HTTP/SMTP/IMAP etc. all work ok from both the WAN and LAN interfaces of the router. I'm only having issues with SIP (see other question) and PPTP. My issue is that the GRE doesn't appear to be passing through NAT correctly and one end of the connection is not receiving GRE traffic when it should be, so the server hangs up the connection. Here's an example of /var/log/syslog with debug enabled in /etc/pptpd.conf: Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: MGR: Launching /usr/sbin/pptpctrl to handle client Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: local address = 192.168.1.50 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: remote address = 192.168.1.51 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: pppd options file = /etc/ppp/pptpd-options Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Client 82.132.248.216 control connection started Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Received PPTP Control Message (type: 1) Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Made a START CTRL CONN RPLY packet Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: I wrote 156 bytes to the client. Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Sent packet to client Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Received PPTP Control Message (type: 7) Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Set parameters to 100000000 maxbps, 64 window size Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Made a OUT CALL RPLY packet Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Starting call (launching pppd, opening GRE) Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: pty_fd = 6 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: tty_fd = 7 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: I wrote 32 bytes to the client. Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Sent packet to client Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22627]: CTRL (PPPD Launcher): program binary = /usr/sbin/pppd Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22627]: CTRL (PPPD Launcher): local address = 192.168.1.50 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22627]: CTRL (PPPD Launcher): remote address = 192.168.1.51 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Plugin /usr/lib/pptpd/pptpd-logwtmp.so loaded. Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: pppd 2.4.5 started by root, uid 0 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Using interface ppp0 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/3 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: GRE: Bad checksum from pppd. Dec 11 21:06:31 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Received PPTP Control Message (type: 15) Dec 11 21:06:31 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Got a SET LINK INFO packet with standard ACCMs Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: LCP: timeout sending Config-Requests Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Connection terminated. Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> avahi-daemon[1042]: Withdrawing workstation service for ppp0. Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Modem hangup Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Exit. Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: GRE: read(fd=6,buffer=6075a0,len=8196) from PTY failed: status = -1 error = Input/output error, usually caused by unexpected termination of pppd, check option syntax and pppd logs Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: PTY read or GRE write failed (pty,gre)=(6,7) Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Reaping child PPP[22627] Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Client 82.132.248.216 control connection finished Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Exiting now Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[5803]: MGR: Reaped child 22626 As far as Cisco are concerned, all I need is ip nat source static tcp <SERVER LAN IP> 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 but of course this doesn't seem to the be helping the GRE traffic through as it should. Trying the connection to the LAN IP of the server from the same LAN as the server (behind the router), the PPTP connection works fine, so I'm confident that the server's config is ok. Furthermore, all I needed on my WAG320N was to open 1723 in the firewall. Here's my current router config: ! ! Last configuration change at 20:20:15 UTC Tue Dec 11 2012 by xxx version 15.2 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption ! hostname xxx ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! enable secret 4 xxxx ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login local_auth local ! ! ! ! ! aaa session-id common ! memory-size iomem 10 ! crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-xxx enrollment selfsigned subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-xxx revocation-check none rsakeypair TP-self-signed-xxx ! ! crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-xxx certificate self-signed 01 xxx quit ip gratuitous-arps ip auth-proxy max-login-attempts 5 ip admission max-login-attempts 5 ! ! ! ! ! ip domain list dmz.xxx.local ip domain list xxx.local ip domain name dmz.xxx.local ip name-server 192.168.1.x ip cef login block-for 3 attempts 3 within 3 no ipv6 cef ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated license udi pid CISCO881-SEC-K9 sn xxx ! ! username admin privilege 15 secret 4 xxx username joe secret 4 xxx ! ! ! ! ! ip ssh time-out 60 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet1 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet3 switchport access vlan 2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet4 ip address dhcp ip nat enable duplex auto speed auto ! interface Vlan1 ip address 192.168.1.x 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp ip nat enable ! interface Vlan2 ip address 192.168.0.x 255.255.255.0 ! ip forward-protocol nd ip http server ip http access-class 1 ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ! ! ip nat source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source list 2 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 ! ! access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 2 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! banner motd Authorized Access only ! line con 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth line aux 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth line vty 0 4 access-class 2 in login authentication local_auth length 0 transport input all ! ! end UPDATE 16/12/2012: The only progress that I have been able to make on this issue is that I'm confident that the issue is caused by the GRE tunnels (which are required for the PPTP connection to complete) are being blocked. When attempting a connection, I can see in show ip nat nvi translations that both a TCP translation on 1723 is setup and also a GRE translation is setup also. I appear to be able to see GRE related packets on the LAN that the server is on, so I am lead to believe that the server is sending(?) GRE packets, however running Wireshark on a client PC when attempting a connection shows absolutely no GRE packets. Whilst there are no configuration directives in my config posted above (that I can pin point) which would specifically block them, it would appear that the GRE packets are not being allowed in/out of the router's firewall, even though a NAT translation entry is setup to the server's LAN address. Would anyone be able to provide me with some help to ensure that GRE packets are not blocked by the router's firewall, so that this can be ruled out as a possible issue please?

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