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• Python: Check existence of shell command before execution

  - by Gabriel L. Oliveira

  Hi all. I'm trying to find a way to check the existence of a shell command before its execution. For example, I'll execute the command ack-grep. So, I'm trying to do: import subprocess from subprocess import PIPE cmd_grep = subprocess.Popen(["ack-grep", "--no-color", "--max-count=1", "--no-group", "def run_main", "../cgedit/"], stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE) Than, if I execute cmd_grep.stderr.read() I receive '' like the output. But I don't have the command ack-grep on my path. So, why Popen is not putting the error message on my .stderr variable? Also, is there a easyer way to do what I'm trying to do?

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• Mass renaming, *nix version

  - by Paolo B.

  I was looking for a way to rename a huge number of similarly-named files, much like this one (a Windows-related question) except that I'm using *nix (Ubuntu and FreeBSD, separately). Just to sum up, while using the shell (Bash, CSH, etc.) how do I mass-rename a number of files such that, for example, the following files: Beethoven - Fur Elise.mp3 Beethoven - Moonlight Sonata.mp3 Beethoven - Ode to Joy.mp3 Beethoven - Rage Over the Lost Penny.mp3 will be renamed like these? Fur Elise.mp3 Moonlight Sonata.mp3 Ode to Joy.mp3 Rage Over the Lost Penny.mp3 The reason I want to do this is that these collection of files will go under a directory named "Beethoven" (i.e. the filenames' prefix), and having this information on the filename itself will be redundant.

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• Memeory Leak in Windows Page file when calling a shell command

  - by Arno

  I have an issue on our Windows 2003 x64 Build Server when invoking shell commands from a script. Each call causes a "memory leak" in the page file so it grows quite rapidly until it reaches the maximum and the machine stops working. I can reproduce the problem very nicely by running a perl script like for ($count=1; $count<5000; $count++) { system "echo huhu"; } It is independent of he scripting language as the same happens with lua: for i=1,5000 do os.execute("echo huhu") end I found somebody describing the same issue with php at http://www.issociate.de/board/post/454835/Memory_leak_occurs_when_exec%28%29_function_is_used_on_Windows_platform.html His solution: Firewall/Virus Scanner does not apply, neither are running on the machine. We can also reproduce the issue on other Developer Machines running XP 64, but not on XP 32 Bit. The guilty guy for the allocation is C:\WINDOWS\System32\svchost.exe -k netsvcs which runs all the basic Windows services. Does anybody know the issue and how to resolve it ?

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• Change/Deactivate the shell for an amount of users on SUSE Enterprise Server

  - by Manfred Schmidt

  I have a SUSE Server to which ~300 users are connecting. About 100 of them have to be deactivated. I think it would be nice to change their shell to /bin/false either with chsh or with usermod. Do I have to type every command per line, or can I fill out a list of users which can be read from the script? I should mention that all of the 100 users have the same ending in their username. Can I work with wildcards here? e.g. usermod -s /bin/fish *ftpuser chsh -s /sbin/nologin *ftpuser

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• Gnome-shell fails to load on 12.10

  - by Githlar

  I'm usually the one answering questions, but in this I'm throughly stumped! My Setup: Ubuntu 12.10 (Dist upgrade form 12.04) ATI M96 [Mobility Radeon HD 4650] Upon the first installation of 12.10 I had all kinds of issues getting the Legacy ATI drivers to install (I guess the source for the drivers isn't kosher with kernel 3.5). So, I added the repository ppa:makson96/fglrx - which has a version of the ATI source patched to work with kernel 3.5. After installation of fglrx-legacy from that PPA, gnome-shell and all my graphics work fine... until today. The Problem I unsuspended my computer today and the screen was black (not off, the black from the gnome lock screen). I'd move my mouse/hit a key and the background would flash and then it'd go back to black. Restarted via VT1 Logged into Gnome (gnome-shell) session, but no gnome-shell! Investigation: First, I went to VT1 and tried export DISPLAY=:0;gnome-shell --replace. It appeared to work fine, switch back to X and nothing. Went back to VT1 and saw this error message: JS ERROR: !!! Exception was: TypeError: Object 0x7fc748129c30 is not a subclass of (null), it's a xO JS ERROR: !!! message = '"Object 0x7fc748129c30 is not a subclass of (null), it's a xO"' JS ERROR: !!! fileName = '"/usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/tweener.js"' JS ERROR: !!! lineNumber = '218' JS ERROR: !!! stack = '"()@/usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/tweener.js:218 wrapper()@/usr/share/gjs-1.0/lang.js:204 ()@/usr/share/gjs-1.0/lang.js:145 ()@/usr/share/gjs-1.0/lang.js:239 init()@/usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/tweener.js:49 init()@/usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/environment.js:96 @<main>:1 "' Window manager warning: Log level 32: Execution of main.js threw exception: TypeError: Object 0x7fc748129c30 is not a subclass of (null), it's a xO Note: Everywhere it says "it's a xO", xO is actually garbled and changes every time (I'm thinking memory corruption?) This error is thrown by line 96 of /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/environment.js: tweener.Init() Did a purge of fglrx-legacy, reboot, reinstall fglrx-legacy, reboot... same thing. Did a ppa-purge of ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3, and reinstalled gnome-shell and ubuntu-desktop from the standard repositores... same thing. I'm really at a loss here. I love gnome-shell and after using it for nearly a year now gnome classic just seems so archaic. Additional Information Apt log from the day I first suspended my machine (these are upgrades from the gnome3-team/gnome3 ppa and ubuntu-wine/ppa ppa): Start-Date: 2012-11-24 17:30:28 Commandline: aptdaemon role='role-commit-packages' sender=':1.618' Install: gkbd-capplet:amd64 (3.6.0-0ubuntu1), gnome-control-center-unity:amd64 (1.0-0ubuntu1~ubuntu12.10.1) Upgrade: nautilus:amd64 (3.6.2-0ubuntu0.1~quantal1, 3.6.3-0ubuntu2~ubuntu12.10.1), libgnome-control-center1:amd64 (3.4.2-0ubuntu19, 3.6.3-0ubuntu6~ubuntu12.10.1), wine1.5-i386:i386 (1.5.17-0ubuntu4, 1.5.18-0ubuntu1), wine1.5:amd64 (1.5.17-0ubuntu4, 1.5.18-0ubuntu1), gnome-settings-daemon:amd64 (3.4.2-0ubuntu14, 3.6.3-0ubuntu1~ubuntu12.10.1), gnome-control-center-data:amd64 (3.4.2-0ubuntu19, 3.6.3-0ubuntu6~ubuntu12.10.1), gnome-accessibility-themes:amd64 (3.6.0.2-0ubuntu1, 3.6.2-0ubuntu2~ubuntu12.10.1), gnome-themes-standard:amd64 (3.6.0.2-0ubuntu1, 3.6.2-0ubuntu2~ubuntu12.10.1), wine1.5-amd64:amd64 (1.5.17-0ubuntu4, 1.5.18-0ubuntu1), nautilus-data:amd64 (3.6.2-0ubuntu0.1~quantal1, 3.6.3-0ubuntu2~ubuntu12.10.1), gnome-control-center:amd64 (3.4.2-0ubuntu19, 3.6.3-0ubuntu6~ubuntu12.10.1), libnautilus-extension1a:amd64 (3.6.2-0ubuntu0.1~quantal1, 3.6.3-0ubuntu2~ubuntu12.10.1) End-Date: 2012-11-24 17:31:32 fglrxinfo (driver appears to be working): display: :0 screen: 0 OpenGL vendor string: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. OpenGL renderer string: ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4650 OpenGL version string: 3.3.11653 Compatibility Profile Context Does anybody have any further ideas?

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• grep with after-context that does not contain a keyword

  - by ukasz

  I want to grep through logs, and gather a certain exception stacktrace but I want to only see those that do not contain certain keywords in --after-context. I do not know in which line in after-context the keyword is. Simple example - given this shell code: grep -A 2 A <<EOF A B C R A Z Z X EOF the output is: A B C -- A Z Z I'd like the output to be: A Z Z I want to exclude any match that has 'B' in after-context How do I do this? Using grep is not a requirement, though I only have access to coreutils and perl.

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• Run shell command with variable in filename via Python

  - by rajitha

  I have files with naming convention st009_out.abc1.dat st009_out.abc2.dat st009_out.abc3.dat .................. .................. I am writing Python code where I want to use data from the file to perform a math function and need to extract the second column from the file. I have tried it this way: for k in range(1,10): file1=open('st009_out.abc'+str(k)+'.dat','r') ........... os.system("awk '{print $2}' st009_out.abc${k}.pmf > raj.dat") but this is not working as it is not taking the value of k in the shell command. How do I progress?

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• How to columnate text with tabs (in vim or on the shell)

  - by kine

  I have a frequent need to manually manipulate tab-delimited text for data entry and other purposes, and when i do this it helps if the text is aligned properly into columns. For example (assuming 4-space tabs): # original format abcdefghijklmnop field2 abcdefgh field2 abcdefghijkl field2 # ideal format abcdefghijklmnop field2 abcdefgh field2 abcdefghijkl field2 I am very familiar with using the column utility to columnate text this way, but the problem is that it uses spaces to align the columns, and i specifically need tabs. This requirement also appears to rule out the Tabularize plug-in. Is there any way that i can columnate text with tabs specifically, either within vim or at the shell? It looks like i might be able to do it with groff/tbl, but honestly i'd rather columnate it by hand than mess with that....

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• Setting http_proxy for Chromium in shell

  - by iceboal

  In order to set proxy in Chromium browser, one needs to go to Settings ? Under the Hood ? Change Proxy Settings ? Network Proxy. It's too complicated. How do I set http_proxy in shell? I've tried export http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:8080/ But it doesn't seem to work. Also, if you only want to set the proxy on the Chromium browser -- not your entire network -- the command line is the only way to set the proxy just for the browser. How can one set the proxy on Chromium -- using the command line -- to solve this problem?

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• Would shell command join cause out of memory?

  - by Hancy

  I have two file to join. FILE 1: a A1 a A2 a A3 ... c C1 c C2 ... FILE 2: a feature1_of_a a feature2_of_a ... a featureN_of_a ... ... c feature1_of_c c feature2_of_c ... after join, i could get File like this: A1 feature1_of_a A2 feature1_of_a A3 feature1_of_a A1 feature2_of_a A2 feature2_of_a A3 feature2_of_a ... A1 featureN_of_a A2 featureN_of_a A3 featureN_of_a ... In order to do that: i wrote shell command join -11 -21 -o1.2,2.2 file1 file2. But the problem is: number N might be huge. So if join read all feautre of a into memory at once, memory might not be enough. I don't know how join is implemented. WQould the momery become a problem? If so, is there any way to get what I want?

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• Timeout ssh sessions after inactivity?

  - by Insyte

  PCI requirement 8.5.15 states: "If a session has been idle for more than 15 minutes, require the user to re-enter the password to re-activate the terminal." The first, and most obvious, way to deal with ssh sessions that are idling at the bash prompt is by enforcing a read-only, global $TMOUT of 900. Unfortunately, that only covers sessions sitting at the bash prompt. The spirit of the PCI spec would also require killing sessions running top/vim/etc. I've considered writing a */1 cron job that parses the output of "/usr/bin/w" and kills the associated shell, but that seems like a blunt instrument. Any ideas for something that would actually do what the spec requires and just lock the terminal? I've looked at away and vlock; they both seem great for voluntarily locking your terminal, but I need a cron/daemon task that will enforce locking.

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• determine the archetecture of a mac from the command line or script?

  - by Brian Postow

  I'm writing a shell script, and I need to know the archetecture, ie PPC or Intel. Back in the day, there was a program /bin/arch that told you, but my mac doesn't seem to have it... Is there an easy way I can do this? Grep for something in a logfile? call some other program that spits that out as a side effect? It would be nice to know what OS Version I'm running too, but that may not be necessary. thanks

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• Shell script to read value from a file and compare it to another one

  - by maneeshshetty

  I have a C program which puts one unique value inside a test file (it would be a two digit number). Now I want to run a shell script to read that number and then compare with my required number (e.g. 40). The comparison should deliver "equal to" or "greater". For example: The output of the C program is written into the file called c.txt with the value 36, and I want to compare it with the number 40. So I want that comparison to be "equal to" or "greater" and then echo the value "equal" or "greater".

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• Kill program after it outputs a given line, from a shell script

  - by Paul

  Background: I am writing a test script for a piece of computational biology software. The software I am testing can take days or even weeks to run, so it has a recover functionality built in, in the case of system crashes or power failures. I am trying to figure out how to test the recovery system. Specifically, I can't figure out a way to "crash" the program in a controlled manner. I was thinking of somehow timing a SIGKILL instruction to run after some amount of time. This is probably not ideal, as the test case isn't guaranteed to run the same speed every time (it runs in a shared environment), so comparing the logs to desired output would be difficult. This software DOES print a line for each section of analysis it completes. Question: I was wondering if there was a good/elegant way (in a shell script) to capture output from a program and then kill the program when a given line/# of lines is output by the program?

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• Are "backwards" terminators for if and case unique to shell scripting?

  - by tomjakubowski

  In bash at least, if and case blocks are closed like this: if some-expr then echo "hello world" fi case $some-var in [1-5]) do-a-thing ;; *) do-another-thing esac as opposed to the more typical close of end or endif/endcase. As far as I know, this rather funny convention is unique to shell scripting and I have never seen such an odd block terminator anywhere else. Sometimes things like this have an origin in another language (like Ruby's elsif coming from Perl), or a strange justification. Does this feature of shell scripting have a story behind it? Is it found in other languages?

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• Different behaviour of script locally and over ssh

  - by neorg

  I have a script on a server-A Script-A #!/bin/bash -l echo "script-A.sh" | change-environment.sh When I ssh onto server-A and execute it, it works fine. However, when I ssh user@server-A ./script-A.sh Script-A executes, but throws an undefined variable error in change-environment.sh. change-environment.sh runs in the c shell(I have no control over the script so the method I have used is about the only way I can use it), but everything else is in bash. Had found a similar question at I can run a script locally, but cannot do "ssh HOSTNAME /path/to/script.sh". However, there was no solution to the issue and it was a year old.

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• activate RTTI in c++

  - by benjamin button

  Hi, Can anybody tell me how to activate RTTI in c++ when working on unix. I heard that it can be disabled and enabled. on my unix environment,how could i check whether RTTI is enabled or disabled?

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• How come the ls command prints in multiple columns on tty but only one column everywhere else?

  - by David Lou

  Even after using Unix-like OSes for a couple years, this behaviour still baffles me. When I use the ls command in a directory that has lots of files, the output is usually nicely formatted into multiple columns. Here's an example: $ ls a.txt C.txt f.txt H.txt k.txt M.txt p.txt R.txt u.txt W.txt z.txt A.txt d.txt F.txt i.txt K.txt n.txt P.txt s.txt U.txt x.txt Z.txt b.txt D.txt g.txt I.txt l.txt N.txt q.txt S.txt v.txt X.txt B.txt e.txt G.txt j.txt L.txt o.txt Q.txt t.txt V.txt y.txt c.txt E.txt h.txt J.txt m.txt O.txt r.txt T.txt w.txt Y.txt However, if I try to redirect the output to a file, or pipe it to another command, only a single column appears in the output. Using the same example directory as above, here's what I get when I pipe ls to wc: $ ls | wc 52 52 312 In other words, wc thinks there are 52 lines, even though the output to the terminal has only 5. I haven't observed this behaviour in any other command. Would you like to explain this to me?

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• How to make new file permission inherit from the parent directory?

  - by Wai Yip Tung

  I have a directory called data. Then I am running a script under the user id 'robot'. robot writes to the data directory and update files inside. The idea is data is open for both me and robot to update. So I setup the permission and owner group like this drwxrwxr-x 2 me robot-grp 4096 Jun 11 20:50 data where both me and robot belongs to the 'robot-grp'. I change the permission and the owner group recursively like the parent directory. I regularly upload new files into the data directory using rsync. Unfortunately, new files uploaded does not inherit the parent directory's permission as I hope. Instead it looks like this -rw-r--r-- 1 me users 6 Jun 11 20:50 new-file.txt When robot tries to update new-file.txt, it fails due to lack of file permission. I'm not sure if setting umask helps. In anycase the new files does not really follow it. $ umask -S u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx I'm often confounded by Unix file permission. Do I even have a right plan? I'm using Debian lenny.

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• How to make new file permission inherit from the parent directory?

  - by Wai Yip Tung

  I have a directory called data. Then I am running a script under the user id 'robot'. robot writes to the data directory and update files inside. The idea is data is open for both me and robot to update. So I setup the permission and owner group like this drwxrwxr-x 2 me robot-grp 4096 Jun 11 20:50 data where both me and robot belongs to the 'robot-grp'. I change the permission and the owner group recursively like the parent directory. I regularly upload new files into the data directory using rsync. Unfortunately, new files uploaded does not inherit the parent directory's permission as I hope. Instead it looks like this -rw-r--r-- 1 me users 6 Jun 11 20:50 new-file.txt When robot tries to update new-file.txt, it fails due to lack of file permission. I'm not sure if setting umask helps. In anycase the new files does not really follow it. $ umask -S u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx I'm often confounded by Unix file permission. Do I even have a right plan? I'm using Debian lenny.

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• Reference for proper handling of PID file on Unix

  - by bignose

  Where can I find a well-respected reference that details the proper handling of PID files on Unix? On Unix operating systems, it is common practice to “lock” a program (often a daemon) by use of a special lock file: the PID file. This is a file in a predictable location, often ‘/var/run/foo.pid’. The program is supposed to check when it starts up whether the PID file exists and, if the file does exist, exit with an error. So it's a kind of advisory, collaborative locking mechanism. The file contains a single line of text, being the numeric process ID (hence the name “PID file”) of the process that currently holds the lock; this allows an easy way to automate sending a signal to the process that holds the lock. What I can't find is a good reference on expected or “best practice” behaviour for handling PID files. There are various nuances: how to actually lock the file (don't bother? use the kernel? what about platform incompatibilities?), handling stale locks (silently delete them? when to check?), when exactly to acquire and release the lock, and so forth. Where can I find a respected, most-authoritative reference (ideally on the level of W. Richard Stevens) for this small topic?

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• Hudson fails to use unix user/group to do authentication

  - by Kane

  I'm trying to use unix user/group database as security realm of hudson. The linux server is using NIS for user management. My account could login the hudson server via ssh. And the hudson server is running by user 'hudson' that is also a member of group 'shadow', so hudson could read /etc/shadow. And I tested the configuration using 'test' button, hudson tells me it works well. But I can't use my unix account and password to login the hudson sever. And I found below java exception in the log of hudson, Jan 12, 2011 8:23:42 AM hudson.security.AuthenticationProcessingFilter2 onUnsuccessfulAuthentication INFO: Login attempt failed org.acegisecurity.BadCredentialsException: pam_authenticate failed : Authentication failure; nested exception is org.jvnet.libpam.PAMException: pam_authenticate failed : Authentication failure at hudson.security.PAMSecurityRealm$PAMAuthenticationProvider.authenticate(PAMSecurityRealm.java:100) at org.acegisecurity.providers.ProviderManager.doAuthentication(ProviderManager.java:195) at org.acegisecurity.AbstractAuthenticationManager.authenticate(AbstractAuthenticationManager.java:45) at org.acegisecurity.ui.webapp.AuthenticationProcessingFilter.attemptAuthentication(AuthenticationProcessingFilter.java:71) at org.acegisecurity.ui.AbstractProcessingFilter.doFilter(AbstractProcessingFilter.java:252) at hudson.security.ChainedServletFilter$1.doFilter(ChainedServletFilter.java:87) at org.acegisecurity.ui.basicauth.BasicProcessingFilter.doFilter(BasicProcessingFilter.java:173) at hudson.security.ChainedServletFilter$1.doFilter(ChainedServletFilter.java:87) at org.acegisecurity.context.HttpSessionContextIntegrationFilter.doFilter(HttpSessionContextIntegrationFilter.java:249) at hudson.security.HttpSessionContextIntegrationFilter2.doFilter(HttpSessionContextIntegrationFilter2.java:66) at hudson.security.ChainedServletFilter$1.doFilter(ChainedServletFilter.java:87) at hudson.security.ChainedServletFilter.doFilter(ChainedServletFilter.java:76) at hudson.security.HudsonFilter.doFilter(HudsonFilter.java:164) at winstone.FilterConfiguration.execute(FilterConfiguration.java:195) at winstone.RequestDispatcher.doFilter(RequestDispatcher.java:368) at winstone.RequestDispatcher.forward(RequestDispatcher.java:333) at winstone.RequestHandlerThread.processRequest(RequestHandlerThread.java:244) at winstone.RequestHandlerThread.run(RequestHandlerThread.java:150) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:595) Caused by: org.jvnet.libpam.PAMException: pam_authenticate failed : Authentication failure at org.jvnet.libpam.PAM.check(PAM.java:105) at org.jvnet.libpam.PAM.authenticate(PAM.java:123) at hudson.security.PAMSecurityRealm$PAMAuthenticationProvider.authenticate(PAMSecurityRealm.java:90) ... 18 more

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• PS Command in Solaris

  - by arav

  PS Command output is truncated in solaris. I tried the below command after googling out. It doesn't work. Not sure what needs to be done /usr/ucb/ps awwx

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• Default shell for running scripts (w/o shebang) in macos?

  - by Igor Spasic

  I have ZSH as default shell in MacOS, everything is working fine. ZSH is installed as brew package, Ive set default shell in my account, new shell is listed in /etc/shells... everything is set, like I've said. I have some shell scripts in which I use some commands from zsh, like print. When I execute the script from command line, the print command is not recognized and the script fails. This script does not have the shebang line. When I put the shebang line for zsh, then everything works; the print command is working. Since I am using only ZSH, is it possible to set default shell for running scripts, so I don't have to put shebang line in my .zsh scripts? Or is it possible to associate .zsh extension to ZSH shell execution?

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• remotely running find -exec options

  - by Michael Merchant

  I'm trying to setup a bash process for deploying my django project onto a linux server. Through cygwin, I'm running a script that is calling scp to copy my files over. Is there a similar command to delete *.pyc files. As of now, I've only been able to accomplish this locally after using ssh with: find . -name "*.pyc" -exec rm -rf {} \; I'm looking for some kind of command to call remotely that would be equivalent.

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