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  • where does the discrepancy between \# in PS1 and n in !n come from?

    - by Cbhihe
    Something has been gnawing at me for a while now and I can't seem to find a relevant answer either in man pages or using your 'Don't be evil' search engine. My .bashrc has the following: shopt -s histappend HISTSIZE=100 HISTFILESIZE=0 # 200 previous value Putting HISTFILESIZE to 0 allows me to start with a clean history slate with each new term window. I find it practical in conjunction with using a prompt that contains \#, because when visualizing a previous command before recalling it with !n or !-p, one can just do: $ history | more to see its relevant "n" value In my case, usually the result of: $ \history | tail -1 | awk '{print $1}' # (I know this is an overkill, don't flame me) equals the expanded value of # in PS1 minus 1, which is how I like it to be at all times. But then, sometimes not. At times the expanded value of # sort of "runs away". It's incremented in such a a manner that it becomes than $(( $(\history | tail -1 | awk '{print $1}')+1 )) Any pointers, anyone?

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  • If you need more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed?

    - by jokoon
    Per the Linux kernel coding style document: The answer to that is that if you need more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed anyway, and should fix your program. What can I deduct from this quote? On top of the fact that too long methods are hard to maintain, are they hard or impossible to optimize for the compiler? I don't really understand if this quote encourages better coding practice or is really a mathematical / algorithmic sort of truth. I also read in some C++ optimizing guide that dividing up a program into more function improves its design is a common thing taught at school, but it should be not done too much, since it can turn into a lot of JMP calls (even if the compiler can inline some methods by itself).

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  • All images are gone after open a doc file created by libreoffice writer

    - by user71465
    I got a paper template in .doc format from a conference site. Now when i work on it with libreoffice and insert image to it and insert caption for the image, after closing the file and opening it again, all images are gone. I saw that when the image Anchor is set "to frame" the image will be gone but when it is set to e.g. "to paragraph" it will maintain but it's alignment will be corrupted. Also, i need the Anchor to be set to "Frame". What can I do? I searched the net but i didn't find a good answer.

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  • What are some concise and comprehensive introductory guide to unit testing for a self-taught programmer [closed]

    - by Superbest
    I don't have much formal training in programming and I have learned most things by looking up solutions on the internet to practical problems I have. There are some areas which I think would be valuable to learn, but which ended up both being difficult to learn and easy to avoid learning for a self-taught programmer. Unit testing is one of them. Specifically, I am interested in tests in and for C#/.NET applications using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools in Visual Studio 2010 and/or 2012, but I really want a good introduction to the principles so language and IDE shouldn't matter much. At this time I'm interested in relatively trivial tests for small or medium sized programs (development time of weeks or months and mostly just myself developing). I don't necessarily intend to do test-driven development (I am aware that some say unit testing alone is supposed to be for developing features in TDD, and not an assurance that there are no bugs in the software, but unit testing is often the only kind of testing for which I have resources). I have found this tutorial which I feel gave me a decent idea of what unit tests and TDD looks like, but in trying to apply these ideas to my own projects, I often get confused by questions I can't answer and don't know how to answer, such as: What parts of my application and what sorts of things aren't necessarily worth testing? How fine grained should my tests be? Should they test every method and property separately, or work with a larger scope? What is a good naming convention for test methods? (since apparently the name of the method is the only way I will be able to tell from a glance at the test results table what works in my program and what doesn't) Is it bad to have many asserts in one test method? Since apparently VS2012 reports only that "an Assert.IsTrue failed within method MyTestMethod", and if MyTestMethod has 10 Assert.IsTrue statements, it will be irritating to figure out why a test is failing. If a lot of the functionality deals with writing and reading data to/from the disk in a not-exactly trivial fashion, how do I test that? If I provide a bunch of files as input by placing them in the program's directory, do I have to copy those files to the test project's bin/Debug folder now? If my program works with a large body of data and execution takes minutes or more, should my tests have it do the whole use all of the real data, a subset of it, or simulated data? If latter, how do I decide on the subset or how to simulate? Closely related to the previous point, if a class is such that its main operation happens in a state that is arrived to by the program after some involved operations (say, a class makes calculations on data derived from a few thousands of lines of code analyzing some raw data) how do I test just that class without inevitably ending up testing that class and all the other code that brings it to that state along with it? In general, what kind of approach should I use for test initialization? (hopefully that is the correct term, I mean preparing classes for testing by filling them in with appropriate data) How do I deal with private members? Do I just suck it up and assume that "not public = shouldn't be tested"? I have seen people suggest using private accessors and reflection, but these feel like clumsy and unsuited for regular use. Are these even good ideas? Is there anything like design patterns concerning testing specifically? I guess the main themes in what I'd like to learn more about are, (1) what are the overarching principles that should be followed (or at least considered) in every testing effort and (2) what are popular rules of thumb for writing tests. For example, at one point I recall hearing from someone that if a method is longer than 200 lines, it should be refactored - not a universally correct rule, but it has been quite helpful since I'd otherwise happily put hundreds of lines in single methods and then wonder why my code is so hard to read. Similarly I've found ReSharpers suggestions on member naming style and other things to be quite helpful in keeping my codebases sane. I see many resources both online and in print that talk about testing in the context of large applications (years of work, 10s of people or more). However, because I've never worked on such large projects, this context is very unfamiliar to me and makes the material difficult to follow and relate to my real world problems. Speaking of software development in general, advice given with the assumptions of large projects isn't always straightforward to apply to my own, smaller endeavors. Summary So my question is: What are some resources to learn about unit testing, for a hobbyist, self-taught programmer without much formal training? Ideally, I'm looking for a short and simple "bible of unit testing" which I can commit to memory, and then apply systematically by repeatedly asking myself "is this test following the bible of testing closely enough?" and then amending discrepancies if it doesn't.

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  • ASUS Xonar DG not working Ubuntu

    - by thephpdev
    I've checked the "Questions that may already have your answer" to no avail. Basically, there is no sound at all, the snd_oxygen drivers are all being loaded. I can see the sound card and all of it's separate ports in Settings-Sound-Output, but nothing is coming out. I tried adjusting the volume in alsamixer, but for some reason the volume won't change (all that is there are some options [Speakers, Headphones, FP Headphones] and they change when I press the up/down arrow keys) at all. I have also tried many other terminal commands, such as reloading alsa and checking if the sound card is even being detected, which it is. I'm left clueless. It says on a bug report that this has been unassigned for over a year. Surely that's not right. Thanks in advance, Caelan.

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  • First and Follow Sets for a Grammar

    - by Aimee Jones
    I'm studying for a Compiler Construction module I'm doing and I have a sample question as follows: Calculate the FIRST and FOLLOW sets for the following grammar.. S -> uBDz B -> Bv B -> w D -> EF E -> y E -> e F -> x F -> e I have tried to figure it out so far but I'm a bit unsure if I'm correct. Could someone verify if I'm doing it right, and if not, what am I missing? My answer is below: FIRST | FOLLOW S | {u} | {$} B | {w} | {y,x,v,z} D | {y,e,x} | {z} E | {y,e} | {x,z} F | {x,e} | {z}

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  • How to code review without offending other developers [duplicate]

    - by Justin984
    This question already has an answer here: How to deal with someone who dislikes the idea of code reviews? 6 answers How can I tactfully suggest improvements to others' badly designed code during review? 14 answers How do I approach a coworker about his or her code quality? 12 answers I work on a team that does frequent code reviews. But it seems like more of a formality than anything. No one really points out problems in the code for fear of offending other developers. The few times I've tried to ask for changes were met with very defensive and reluctant attitudes. This is of course not good. Not only are we spending the time to code review, but we're getting literally zero value from it. Is this an issue that needs to be addressed by individual developers, or are there techniques for suggesting changes without stepping on other people's toes?

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  • C# XNA render an entire frame to a texture2d

    - by redcodefinal
    I asked a question here: C# XNA Make rendered screen a texture2d But, I ended up not getting the exact result I was looking for since I didn't ask the question right. In a game I am writing, I render an extremely large city out of objects, this can cause lag when moving the camera to view things that are off screen. I need a way to render then ENTIRE city, even the stuff that is off screen, and make it into a Texture2D. The answer I chose for the last one didn't work entirely right because it only gets what is on screen, not what is off.

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  • Can exim be configured to send all emails externally?

    - by Tom Brossman
    How do I configure exim4 to route all emails via a third-party SMTP server when the sender's domain, recipient's domain, and server hostname all match? I followed this great answer and have exim4 sending emails to addresses at other domains tested and working from an Ubuntu server. My only issue is that emails where both the sender and recipient share the same domain as the server hostname, they never leave the server (and this is the expected behavior). For example, sending from [email protected] -- [email protected] works fine, but sending from [email protected] -- [email protected] just routes the mail locally to /var/mail/account2, without passing through the third-party SMTP server. I'm using Google Apps at my own domain and want to send emails from [email protected] to [email protected] from a machine with the hostname example.com. I want to route them through Google's SMTP server so I see them in my other email clients. Is this possible? Very similar questions (but for postfix) here and here.

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  • Help! Requesting a change of URL on Yahoo Directory!

    - by Sei
    I submitted a couple websites on yahoo directory a month ago. For some reason, the url they listed was not the url I asked for, they listed the Japanese version instead of the submitted English version (this is a English directory so obviously it is a mistake). I requested changes and was accepted. But the reality is they promised a change but it was never really done. I contacted them again and again through the 'request a change in URL' form, but there is no answer. Is there any effective way that I can get to them? preferably a phone number or email? Thanks a lot!

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  • No desktop after installation of nvidia drivers

    - by hovmand
    I have a problem very similar to this guy: Desktop does not show when I installed nvidia drivers!. I have the same problem with the desktop not being present when I install choose the nvidia drivers from the software sources dialog. I've trie the answer mark as the solution, but this doesn't help me. Still get the same result / bug. I've also tried just to reconfigure it, like this guy says: http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=12303179&postcount=4, but that didn't help me either. Then someone suggested that I should try Bumblebee. I followed the installation (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Bumblebee#Installation) and after the reboot the resolution was still crappy, but this time the desktop did show up, but with bad graphics and I couldn't use optirun and it turned out that bumblebee couldn't start. I hope someone might know whats wrong or what I'm doing wrong. I have a Lenovo W520 with a nvidia Quadro FX 880M and I'm running ubuntu 12.10

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  • Is it illegal to forward copyrighted content? [closed]

    - by Mike
    Ok, this may be a strange question, but let's start: If I illegally download a movie (for example...) from a HTTP Web Server, there are many routers between me and the Web Server which are forwarding the data to my PC. As I understand, the owners of the routers are not legally responsible for the data they forward (please correct if I'm wrong). What if I would install a client of a peer-to-peer network on my PC and this client (peer) would forward copyrighted content received from peers to other peers? Hope someone understand what I mean ;-) Any answer or comment would be highly appreciated. Mike Update 1: I'm asking this question because I want to develop a p2p-application and try to figure out how to prevent illegal content sharing/distribution (if forwarding content is really illegal...) Update 2: What if the data forwarded by my peer is encrypted, so I'm technically not able to read and check it?

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  • Optical Character Recognition software recommendations?

    - by Tim
    I have seen some ebooks/papers that were apparently scanned from their paper versions but the text in the ebooks/papers can amazingly be copied out. I suppose the directly-scanned versions must have been processed by some Optical Character Recognition software. So I would like to know what are the recommended Optical Character Recognition softwares? Especially those that are either for Ubuntu or free? If those for Windows are far more superior, please let me know as well. I am particularly interested in those OCRs that can accept a scanned pdf file as input and still produce as output another pdf file that looks the same as the input one but with its text copyable. Thanks and regards! Please limit one software per answer

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  • How do I use Instagram to post to my business page but not my personal page?

    - by DEdesigns57
    I tried asking this question on the Facebook forums but got no answer, maybe someone here might be able to help me with this. I have a Facebook account and within that same account is my Facebook page for my business. Problem is every time that I try to use Instagram to upload a photo it gets uploaded to my personal/primary Facebook page and not the business page which is under the same email address and password. Instagram ask for this email address and password but how can I just have Instagram upload it to my business page and not my personal page? Or at very least how can I do both?

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  • How do non-coders do simple local templating to avoid redundant HTML? [closed]

    - by Max Cantor
    I'm a web developer. When I start designing a site, I use a framework to handle templating for me, even if it's just rack + erubis. What do non-developers do? If you want to implement a site in HTML and CSS without a framework running on a webserver, without frames, and without WYSYWIG tools like Dreamweaver... how do you avoid copy-and-pasting the HTML of your navigation (for example) on every single page you're writing? I feel stupid asking this because it seems like their must be an obvious answer, but for the life of me, I can't think of one right now.

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  • Calculate initial velocity of a 3d vector-based projectile

    - by Frotty
    Okay, so I got a Projectile with 2 Vectors, position and velocity. I now want to calculate the initial velocity for it in order to reach a specific point on the map. Or actually, how high has the start z-velocity to be (because x and y are probably defined by a speed variable) in order for the projectile to hit the marked position. The projectile is influenced by a constant gravity vector. All calculations are done 32 times per second. I want this, because I don't want to use a parabola function, so the projectile can still be influenced by other sources, simply adding some velocity. I didn't really find anything referring to that topic and would be glad for every helping answer, Thanks.

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  • Missed question in technical phone interview and the follow up letter

    - by Jacob
    I may have just bombed a C++ technical phone interview. The interviewer asked mostly about data structures and I was able to go into detail about each of the data structures he asked about. Score one for me I'm thinking. Wrong. Then he asks to join me on a collaboration website where he can see what I am typing. This was the same process as interview #1 which went well, not perfect, but well. So the question was: How do you reverse a linked list? he gave a function prototype similar to Node *reverse(Node *head) I struggled with this for about 10-15 minutes until the hour was up. I was able to get the general idea across but was not able to reverse the link list. My question is that after remembering the answer post interview do I mention this in the thank you letter, if I even should write one?

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  • How to get out of supporting deadend sales pitches?

    - by JoseK
    As part of being a programmer, you often are asked to provide estimates/ make slideware / do technical demos for Sales teams to present to end-clients. Sometimes we go along for the 'technical' discussions or 'strategic capability planning' or some similar mumbo-jumbo. Sometimes, you kind of know which ones are totally going to fail and are not worth pursuing but the Sales guys present fake optimism and extract 'few more slides' out of you or the 'last conference call'. These don't lead to anywhere and are just a waste of time from other tasks for the week. My question is how do you get out of these situations without coming across as non-cooperative. Updated after Kate Gregory's answer: The problem is related to projects we know are doomed (from the technical feedback we've received) But Sales ain't convinced since they've just had a call higher up the management chain - so it's definitely going ahead !

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  • When calculating how many days between 2 dates, should you include both dates in the count, or neither, or 1?

    - by Andy
    I hope this question is alright to ask here. I am trying to make an algorithm that counts how many days between 2 dates. For example, 3/1/2012 and 3/2/2012. Whats the correct answer, or the most popular choice, and should be the one I use? So in this case, if I don't include both dates I am comparing, its 0. If I include one of them (both the start date), its 1. Lastly, if I include both, its 2. Thanks.

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  • Help with intel Imac 2008 Audio not working

    - by Tomtom
    I installed Ubuntu 12.04 and I get no audio except if i insert speakers and set them as headphones. This means really weird feedback and little volume. i'd like to set it back to the mac's default speakers but currently no matter what graphical interface i go into such as Audio or Alsamixer i can not fix the problem.Ive run alsamixer and looked thoroughly throught the forums but cannot find the answer to my problem. When i input cat /proc/asound/cards i get 0 [Intel ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel HDA Intel at 0x50600000 irq 47 Any help would be very much appreciated and as a newcomer i would be glad to give you any information you need. Thank you

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  • Is it ethical for a programmer to promote his/her own library?

    - by Kit Menke
    Fairly recently I started maintaining my own open source JavaScript library. I created it to solve a pretty specific need but fairly regularly see questions that can be solved (in whole/part) by using my library. I've always gone ahead to post my answer including my library and make sure to always include a disclosure specifying that I maintain it. I feel for open source projects this may not be such a big deal but where do you draw the line? (ex: commercial products) Is it ethical for a programmer to promote is own library? When is it not?

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  • And if I ask the job interviewer for reasons to join the company?

    - by Oscar
    In job interviews I am frequently asked if I know the company, explain why do I think I would be the best choice for this company, etc and I have never liked this kinds of questions. Using your experiences in job interviewing, what do you think it would happen if I ask the interviewer to explain me why he think the company is the best company for me and why I should accept their answer? Do you think it would be a good think or bad thing to do? Edit: the idea of the question would not be to "challenge" the interviewer. The idea of the question would be to see what he thinks about the company, what values he thinks are given importance inside the company and what are the strong points of the company.

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  • in ubuntu 11.10 IDE like dreamweaver for PHP with design mode

    - by pkachhia
    I know that this question is already asked here, but I did not find any free IDE like dreamweaver which have facility to view design mode with PHP+HTML code. I am previously worked on windows machine and used dreamweave, now I moved to ubuntu 11.10 and I need IDE like dreamweaver. Currently I have used Geany and Eclipse but none of them has facility of design mode. Is there any add-on available for Geany or Eclipse then please give it link to me. I am new to ubuntu so, did not have much knowledge of it and because of it I am here for answer. Thanks in advance. Pkachhia

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  • Log in sound is playing, but no sound during gnome desktop session.What's the problem?

    - by user14376
    When i installed ubuntu, everything was great. But one day, i heard the login sound but no sound on the desktop session. This happens every time. I have reinstalled sound drivers several times, checked speakers are not mute, checked alsamixer, saw all the troubleshooting tips on the net, checked user privileges too but of no help. anyone knows the answer? Please help!!!!! I have ubuntu 10.4LTS and alc662 sound chip. My computer is detecting the sound card and no problems with my speakers.This maybe a bug but i cannot report as i don't know if this will repeat(I atleast have to solve the problem first).

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  • How Can I Disable Windows 7's Aero Performance Warnings?

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    You know your computer isn’t cutting edge, but there’s no need for Windows 7 to constantly remind you. Read on to see how you can disable its constant nagging to adjust your color scheme to improve performance. Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-drive grouping of Q&A web sites. Secure Yourself by Using Two-Step Verification on These 16 Web Services How to Fix a Stuck Pixel on an LCD Monitor How to Factory Reset Your Android Phone or Tablet When It Won’t Boot

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